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THE \TL\\T\ WEEKLY EXAMINER.
XK7" TH T«: T< T ■ T "Ft QTTT. A r P T Q TVF OF TUES EX A IVII ME R, 12000 COFIEM!
JOHN H. STEELS, ) „
CHAS. L. BABBOR j *«««»■.
VOLUME IL
THE WEEKLY EXAMINER
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THURSDAY. DECEMBER 8, 1865
State Aid-'Atlanta—Savannah—Bruns
wick.
It is to us a matter of surprise that, in an
age like the present and at a period in the his
tory of Georgia bo pregnant with hope for the
future, that we find patriotic and good citizens,
as well as legislators, hesitating and ‘-founder
ing" at the proposition to lend tho aid of the
State to those enterprises of her people which
are acknowledged on all sides, not only to be
laudable ones, but productive of results that
must add to her prosperity, her wealth and her
greatness. We doubt not, however, that those
who, in the main, oppose all applications for
“State Aid," do so more from impulse, than
from reflection; in a word actuated by a dispo
sition to withhold, they do so regardless of, end
in many instances, unadvised as to, the merits
of the application they so unhesitatingly re
ject
Now, this is all wrong; but it is not half
so great a wrong as that opposition which
springs from selfish or sectional motives; which
ays, if you do not give to us all we crave,
you shall have nothing. The proposition that
we lay down in this—every demand, or appli
cation for State aid, should stand upon its own
merits, and be fairly considered in reference
thereto. We are sure, although compared with
other measures before the Legislature it is a
small one, that had the application for State
Aid, made by the Medical College of Atlanta,
favorably reported on as it was by the Com
mittee to the House, received the consideration
of that Body unclogged by the amendment to
give aid to the Savannah Medical College, the
action upon it would, to say the least of it,
have been more favorable to the application.—
Wetrust that it may yet be so, and that all ap
plications of the kind referred to, will be dealt
with in accordance with their respective mer
its and claims upon the State.
But whan “State Aid” is asked to advance
the great agricultural, and as a consequence,
the great Commercial interests of Georgia, how
Important is it that each measure should stand
upon its own merits, and that sectional jealous
in should be banished from the halls of Legis
lation. To the enterprise of individuals, the
people are iudbeted for the Georgia and Cen
i -d Rail Roads; but had not the State cou
uuucted the Western A Atlantic Rail Road.
Savannah and Augusta, and every Stockholder
in those Roads, would felt the ab
aence of that greet wdiWmd the producer in
Cherokee would have sought in'vain a profita
ble market for hjMjjmtocts. Band in hand,
flboulder to ths line of the
(MniaaiihsSSSaißoafe from Sana*
THE CHEAPEST POLITICAL AND NEWS PAPER IN THE SOUTH—A WEEKLY FIRESIDE COMPANION FOR ONLY ONE DOLLAR A YEAR, IN ADVANCE.
nah and Augusta to the terminus of each, did
the advocates of that great measure s'ruggle,
until its completion secured to those companies
the advantages they now, in so great a degree
uninterruptedly enjoy.
One section of our State, however, has reap
ed no direct benefit from the enterprize that ha s
enriched the other. It is a section, too, that
failed not to respond to the cry of distress,
when from session to session of our Legislature,
appeal after appeal was made, to carry out that
splendid system of internal improvements which,
in the completion of the State Road, has done
so much to enrich Georgia, and to make Savan
nah the successful rival of Charleston. Gal
lantly did Southern and South Western Geo--
gia come to the Central and G orgia Rail Road a
With hearty good will did they assist in un
locking the d »or of the Treasury, to develOpe
the resources of our Mountain Country, and to
make then tributary to those roads. Time has
rolled on, and they now present their claims.—
The agricultural interests of those sections have
become second to none other in the State. The
lands have proved fertile beyond all previous
conception, and population has increased to an
extent that givest o South Western Georgia an
importance gratifying to every patriot in the
State. Instead of meeting with opposition
the demands of this section of our State should
be responded to, ir espactive of the claims of
any othor section of Georgia. Lend to the
Brunswick & Florida Road the assistance
which it asks, and an act of justice will be
done to a section in Georgia, appropriately
styled “the garden spot of the State,” It ap
pears, though, that there is an obstacle in the
way—“ Brunswick, if built up, will be at the
expense of Savannah” I Is it possible that it
is here, to use a homely phrase, “the shoe
pinches’ ? If so, a more contracted view and
selfish principle, the Legislature were never
called upon to consider. We, in days long past,
heard something of “that sort,” but we had
long ago been impressed with the belief that 'no
more of it was left." The building up of
Brunswick as a port of entry, as a market for
a large and prospe ous section of our State, as
a naval depot that will rival any in the Union,
and as a great Southern city, may be retarded
but cannot be prevented, even though Savan
nah does lose a little trade thereby. But we
do not believe that it will either detract from
the commerce or growth of Savannah. To
view it in that light is to narrow down, to cir
cumscribe, the view. We are satisfied that it
must so be considered by all who survey the
subject in its every enlarged aspect, and in all
its bearings upon the interests of the State
and South, as well as of the cities themselves
It is universally conceded that no where in the
South can a naval depot be established, neat as
is absolutely required by the Federal Govern
ment, if it be not at Brunswick. This, of it
self, taken in a political, or any other sense,
is well worth the grave consideration pf the
Legislature, and of those who promote sefeiou
..l interests to embarrass the application now
before that body from the Brunswick & Flor
ida Rail Road. But wheu the great agricul
tural and o.her interests of Southern and South
Western Georgia arc added, we cannot perceive
how so small a consideration as the local inter
terests of a flourishing city, whose prosperity
cannot be retarded thereby, should be a barrier
in the way of an enterprise that promises so
much to the State. Earnestly, therefore, do
we hope that the Brunswick & Florida Rail
Road Bill will be considered as an independent
measure, and that no other project lor State
Aid will be tacked to it as was done in the
case of the application from the Medical Col
lege of this city. All that the Legislature
should require, is, that in her endorsement of
tie enter prise, the State shall be secured from
loss. This the Road is prepared to give as will
be seen by all who examine the bill. We shall
note well the action of the Legislature upon it,
and trust the people will not see it recorded that
sectional influence defeated a measure so fraught
with advantages to the agricultural and commer
cial interests, and political importance of Geor
gia.
Milledgeville Correspondence—Extra-Of
ficial.
Gentlemen This is a late day to commence
a gossiping correspondence from Milledgeville,
and, under ordinary, circumstances, I would
find it difficult to interest your readers with mat
ters not germain to the actual business of the
session. But this particular Legislature brought
with it an unusual train of outsiders, each with
some particular purpose of his or her own.—
Many of these, it is true, have left either dis
gusted with the voracious appetite for the
crumbs of office, manifested by their rivals, or
freighted with new-fledged official dignity con
ferred by a Legislative body not always nice in
its discriminations; still there is yet a crowd of
anxious persons left who are engaged in a chase,
which is scarcely less “wild” or of less absorb
ing interest than that after office—nor does it
develope lees ingenuity in the pursuit of its ob
ject. I will not say that all the belles here are
on a “wild hunt” as you politicians have it,
after husbands, or that the beaux are univer
sally in chase of wives and fortunes, but I must
say that a large proportion of each take very
little pains to disguise their object in visiting
Milledgeville this session. Quite a number,
howevej, pretend to have business in or with
the Legislature, but it strikes me that the af
fairs of State must be in a critical situation, if
they require tbo continued attendance of the
mixed multitude that throngs the streets and
parlors of this city. What possible benefit can
accrue to the State from the unprecedented con
sumption of silks and cassimeres which has
characterised this Legislature so far, is more
than my limited knowledge of political econo
. my can decide. One thing is certainly observ.
able—the union party has not ceased to exist
■ yet if its numerical strength here is an evi
i deneeof vitality.
But be the purposes that have attracted the
, crowd what they may. the crowd itself is a
■ large and an interesting one, and one that for
> guttj, «f tojwitioiwthß tea te.
ATLANTA. GEORGIA. THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 6 185,5.
seldom been paralleled npon like occasions, here.
Usually, after the first week or two of the ses
sion, the outside interest flags, the crowd of gay
ones leave, and the Senators and Representa
tives settle down to the business of the State,
with little interruption from lobby members,
male or female; but there seems no disposition
upon the part of the latter to give up their com
fortable quarters at the new Hotel, and the
season is quite as gay now as it has been at any
time for years, with promise of unabated inter
est for some time to come.
Tl>e Inauguration Ball has been written to
death already, and it seems a pity to disturb it
from the pile of newspaper paragraphs and
school-girl letters in epic eulogy which entombs
it; still, while lam not disposed to raise cap
tious objections, I am forced to say that, after
all, it was not such a magnificent affair, indeed
that it fell far below lhe reasonable expectar
tions warranted by the distinguished names
blazoned upon its list of management. I do
not pretend to indicate the cause of failure, but
it was evident that the Committee proper, np
on whom rested the responsibility of its getting
up, lacked either an interest in, or capacity for
their duties; lam disposed to think the former.
Those who attended seemed to enjoy it, but,
for so great a State occasion, it struck me as
entirely too p-icayuneuh. lam not singular in
the opinion that a more liberal extension of
purse strings might have added somewhat to
its success. But enough of an unpleasant
theme.
The dancing parties which have in rapid and,
in some instances, fatiguing succession, follow
ed the Inauguration Ball, have been well at
tended, and have gone off pleasantly. They are
quite popular, and at them we get the best
view of the reigning stars. lam not disposed
to be critical, but, while those who attend these
parties come legitimately within the scope of a
gossiping letter, I do not know that there are
any who particularly claim the attention of my
pen, either on account of extraordinary person
al attractions or noticeable peculiarities. Miss
A., from Macon, Miss D., theMi«ees C„ and
Mies F., of the same place ; Miss M., of La-
Grange, Mies C>, of Greensboro’, Miss L., of
Sparta, Miss C., of Athene, Miee F., of Hous
ton, the Mieses N., and F., and the Mieses W.,
of Milledgeville, seem to be the most attract
ive stars, though, to my mind all the belles re
ceive as much attention ae, to ladies of taste is
agreeable. Besides, belles of the Ball room are
not always most brilliant in the parlor, and it
would be impossible to particularize, to any
considerable extent, without unjust distinctions.
The beaux "bend the suple hinges of the
knees” with commendable perseverance, though
it begins to be evident that the stocks of fine
sayings of some of them, prepared at the cost
of many sleepless nights, for this particular oc
casion, have been exhausted by the unusual run
upon them. As a natural couscquene new ar
rivals arc eagerly sought, for new ideas, com"
pliments, etc. (Thia letter is written with the
sole intention of supplying a theme that may
relieve some of us from the threadbare ones we
are so constantly bored with.) But with all
their attention I must, as an Unbiased critic,
say that there are very few handsome men here.
This is rather a sweeping declaration in such a
crowd, but my opinion is sustained by compe
tent judges. In the Representative Chamber,
where one gets the beet view, 1 noticed several
who come up to a liberal standard of personal
good looks. Mr. T., of Columbus, Mr. P., of
Oglethorpe county, Mr. L., of Savannah, Mr.
T., of Lincoln county, and two or three others
seem to be the most favored by the critics of
the gallery in this branch of the Legislature.
And jnst here I would remark that it is a mat
ter, to my mind, of questionable propriety to
allow the galleries to be filled each day with
chattering belles, and snickering beaux. The
business of the Legislature must be seriously
retarded, and the number of speeches is unm -
cessarily large, when ft is considered that most
of them are made more for cars in the gallery
than from any particular interest in the qncs
ions debated. Mr. speaker Styles must be os
good natured as he is handsome, else we would
sen i that bopping old gentleman (who by the
way seems the most important personage in the
Legislature) to reprove us for our rudeness, du
ring the progress of business.
But to return to the gentlemen. While there
ore comparatively few who may be termad
handsome, there are many faces in the Repre
sentative Chamber which arrest attention at
once by the impress of genius that mark them.
Sitting midway of the Hall, to the right of
the aisle is the Senior member of all. He seems
to have a traditional right to a seat in the Le
gislative Halt He is the only relic left us of
those good old times when Georgia’s sons came
here in homespuns and her daughters in cali
coes. In days when he first trod these halls,
such a bundle of dry goods as now make up the
females in the gallery, would have been consid
ered supernatural apparitions, anl perhaps
might have shared the fate of certain ladies of
Salem. But there the old gentleman sits still
and seems even and anon meditating upon the
changes that have marked the flight of years
s uce first be assumed the Legislative robe.
In strong contrast with the aged Statesman
sits the young leader of the minority, in prox
imity which, if accidental, is certainly a sin
gular coincidence. Side by side sits old and
young America; the one calm and thoughtful,
the other nervous, active and impulsive, his
eyes passing with electric rapidity from one
face to another, and his quick, restless steps
transporting him from one portion of the hail
to another, with noiseless haste. He is quite a
favorite amongst the ladies, and seems to appre
ciate the compliment and return it by no little
attention to the gallery, even whilst speaking.
This is no Buncombe about him. however.
But I cannot allude to all the prominent char
acters in one letter, and will try again, occa
sionally. as the spirit moves. In my next I
• shall take a peep at the Senate.
CLARA.
IP. B.—Who is that gentleman whose pcen-
IMr «r>vM-ti» attract* ao Bach atnntkal
Milledgeville'Correspondexice.
Tuesday, November 27.
’The imperative engagement of our Senior
upon matters not connected with the Legisla
ture, and our own severe indisposition will
apologize for us in failing to devote our usual
attention to reporting, to-day.
is the Senate, Irtile of general interest was
done to-day.
A Bill was introduced prohibiting the resi
dence of free persons of color within the limits
of the State, alter the 25th day of December.
The Athens Bank Bill wus taken up, under
the head of unfinished business, and the Journal
relating to certain motions made during its pen
dency yesterday, was annulled by unanunous
consent.
The Bill was mode the special order of Fri
day next.
In the House, the Bill to commute the pun
ishment of Boyd to luiprisoument and hard la
bor in the Penitentiary lor tbe term ol'lo years,
was read the second time. It will be pul upon
its pussage to-morrow, when an interesting dis
[ cussiou is expected.
A resolution requiring the Governor to ex
tend the respite of Boyd 1U days, was agreed to,
and sent to the Senate for its concurrence.
The Bill for the relief of Samuel Walker, of
Fulton County, from over taxes paid by him,
was passed.
The Bill appropriating five thousand dollars
for the purpose ot removing obstructions in the
Satilla River, was amended to read three thou
sand dollars, and passed.
'The Bill requiring of foreign-born voters the
production of their naturalization certificates at
the polls, was warmly discussed by Messrs. Jones,
of Muscogee; and Milledge, in its favor, and
Messrs. Lawton and Ward, against it.
On motion of Dr. Phillips the Bi 1 was laid
upon the table for the balance of the Session,
by a vote of 74 to 43.
The House adjourned until 3 o’clock.
The afternoon Session of both branches were
occupied chiefly with the reading of bills a se
cond time.
A message was received from the Governor
giving the statement of appropriations called
for by the Legislature. It was ordered printed,
and we will jay it before our readers os soon as
we can procure a copy.
Milledgeville, Nov. 28.
The business of the Senate is fast accumula
ting notwithstanding the industry that marks
the action of that body. We are, however, of
ten amused, aud when it proceeds from quar
ters that ought to know better, incensed at the
charge that there is an idling away of time in
the Senate—that its adjournments are too fre
quent aud protracted, and that tkere is too
much speaking to no, or little, purpose on the
part of Senators. Now, in our humble capacity,
we must defend the Senate from these unjust,
and illiberal censures. In the first place, it is
our opinion—indeed we know it to be so—that
the Senate has exhibited great industry in the
preparation and disposition of business. Thro
its Committees it has labored hard, in the night,
as well as in the day. No time has been wasted
by this Body as a whole, aud were it not that
we feel indisposed, where all have done so well,
to particularize, we could name a number oi
Senators who have labored to advance the bus
iness before them, with a zeal, ability, and Indus
try never before surpassed in that branch of our
Legislature. The outsider who looks at the
mere surface of the acts of this Body; who
wheu he enters the Senate Chamber expects to
see a favorite measure disposed of; and who
wonders that he does not bear some great ques
tion discussed ; must be permitted to grumble
until he grows wiser. In the mean time, the
Senate will pursue the “even tenor of its way.”
When it flags and grows lazy, we shall have
the independence to tell its short comings to the
readers of the “Examiner."
At Lu o’clock this morning, the Secretary
proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday, ana
then to call the names of Senators—whereupon
the following bills and resolutions were intro
duced.
Mr. Core, of Greene: A Bill to authorize
persons to submit controversies to arbitration—
declaring how arbitrators shall be chosen—pre
scribing their powers—regulating the manner
in which their proceedings shall be conducted,
and for other purposes.
This is an important bill, and like others
originating with the Senator from Greene—
than whom lew of the distinguished lawyers 01
our State are as competent us himself to sug
gest amendments to our J udiciary System—we
trust will receive the favorable consideration ol
the Senate.
Mr. Cone also introduced a Resolution re
questing the Governor to transmit to the Sen
ate all returns made by the Atlanta Bank to
tlie Executive Department required by the law
oil 860.
The affairs of this Bank, and the peculiar
position which it occupies in our State and the
•tar west,” will be the subject of grave consid
eration by the Legislature—first, as a matter
of comae, before iue Committees of both Hou
ses ou Banks; aud tueu then by the Senate ana
House. Public sentiment demands this, aud
least of all has the Bank, itself, a right to com
plain.
Mr. Norton : A Bill to prevent Rail Road
Agents from shipping their own grain, or other
commodities, preiereuce to, and Injury of, other
persons.
This is a very good bill, and we hope it will
pass into a law.
Mr. Patterson : A Bill to amend an Act to
change the line of the Counties Jefferson and
Emanuel.
Mr. Sims: A Bill to alter and amend Jbe
10th Section of the 13th Division of the Penal
Code, relative to the removal of Slaves from
this State under certain circumstances. The
penalty fixed in the bill for a violation of its
provisions, is from seven to ten years confine
ment in the Penitentiary.
Mr. Wilbern : A Bill to repeal the Act to
sell reverted lauds, and to establish Act of
1843.
Leave of absence was then granted to the
Senators from Cass, Jefferson, and Calhoun.
The Secretary then proceeded to read Bills a
third time.
The first Bill in order was the Bill relative to
the limitations of actions. On motion of Mr.'
Cone, of Greene, this bill was referred to the
Committee on the Judiciary.
The Bill to consolidate the Greenville A
Chattahoochee Ridge Rail Road Companies,
was read, and an amendment offered thereto by
Mr. McMillan, of Habersham.
Upon the introduction of the amendment,
Mr. Cone, of Bulloch, submitted to the Chair
the question, whether one provision of the
amendment was not a violation of the Consti
tution. The Chair decided that it was not.
Mr. McMillan then addressed the Senate in'
favor of his amendment aud particularly that
portion of it which provided that “State Aid”:
be extended to the proposed enterprize. From ,
the notes which we took, we shall, on another
I occasion, as we have not time to do it now,
! give to our readers the main poina of Lis re
■ marks. For the present wc shall only say that
i this Senator ably advocated the construction of
I the Road proposed in the bill, and the proprie
ty and day ot the Legislature to grant the ad'
of the State to works of Internal Improvement,
designed to develope the resources, and add to j
toe wealth and importance of the State.
Nr. asso adtedgtba ati
i some length, and closed by moving to refer the
i bill to the Committee on Internal Improve
j meats. This was done in order to perfect the
■ bill.
The Bill to divorce EliAiieth Martin was
next read a third time—wheu the Chair (Mr.
Miller) ruled it out ou the ground that the
Senate had no power to grant divorces. Mr.
L'oue, of Greene, and Mr. McMillan, spoke
against the decision, and on on appeal to the
Senate, the Chair was sustained.
The Senate then adjourned for dinner, and
in the afternoon met lor the purpose of reading
bills the second time. Gue hundred and seven
ty of these were read a second time. It then
adjourned till 10 o'clock, Friday morning.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Milledgeville, Nov. 28.
Dr. Phillips announced to the House that
the illness of the Speaker would prevent his at
tendance. and moved the appointment of Col.
Milledge, as Speaker pro tarn, which was unan
imously agreed to.
Col. Milledge took the chair and tiro House
proceeded to business.
On, motion, it was made the standing rule of
the House to convene at 9 1-2 oclock, A. M..
and adjourn at 1 o'clock P. M. This is done
to give the committees more woi king time aud
so tar from retarding business, expedites it, aud
affords increased facilities for the thorough con
sideration of the important legislation commit
ted first to the committees for action.
Mr. Lawton introduced a Biil to change tiro
nameof the Augu ta & Waynesboro’ Rail Road
to the Augusta and Savannah Rail Road, and
amending in certain particulars the Charter ol
the same.
Mr. Dorminy introduced a Bill exempting
blind persons from taxation, who are not worth,
in property, &c., over 85,000.
Mr. Phinizy : a Bill to amend the act provi
ding /or the licensing of itinerant traders in this
State, requiring them to give bond, take oath.
&c.
Tbo Committee on Privileges and Elections
reported that they had examined into the con
tested election of Rabun couuty, and found that
Horace Cannon was legally elected to a seat in
the House.
The famous Cattle Bill, to which we have
Wore referred, and which was lost last week
and afterwards reconsidered, was again taken
up, having been reported favorably upon by
the Committee to whom it was referred, and
was lost by a vote of 56 to 44. It will there
for cease to trouble this session, and sleep qui
etly, as it has done for years passed, until the
next Convention of the General Assembly.
A Bill was passed adding another section, to
the Penal Code, making it felony in a Back,
Rail Road, or other officer to over, or fraudu
lently issue stock of his company.
The Bill repealing the section of the Penal
Code, passed by the last General Assembly,
making the dealing of Faro a felony, punisha
ble with imprisonment in the Penitentiary,
was passed with scarce a dissenting voice. This
is an ample illustration of the folly of extreme
legislation for public morals, and ns thia exper
iment has failed to accomplish the ends intend
ed, so will a.l other legislation of like charac
ter, where the punishment is so disproportion
ate to the offence. So far as we can hear there
has been but one indictment under the law of
’52—3, not because the practice has been sup
pressed—on the contrary, the evil has increas
ed in proportion as men have become embold
ened by the injustice of thi penalty to dare' a
community that recognize it as so dispropor
tionate—but it has been from the fact that
none are found to execute a law so manifestly
at variance with equitable principles. It is a
sorry comment npon a Legislature when the
people refuse to execute a law of its creation,
and the repeal of this particular Bill to-day
should admonish those who would drag into leg
islative Halls matters not fitted for such places
that the people disregard the obligations of in
discreet laws, and will not enforce them.
A Bili for the protection of Wool growers in
this State was read the third time aud lost.
To-morrow being set apart by the Governor
as a day of Thanksgiving, tbo Legislature ad
journed until Friday morning.
Milledgeville, Friday, Nov. 30tb.
Legislative business to-day has been rather
uninteresting. The Athens Bank Bill being
the special order of the Senate to-day little was
done outside of its consideration. The ques
tion upon the motion to strike out the 18th
section providing for the liability of Stock
holders in proportion to the amount of their
stock was reached late in the afternoon, aud
was carried by a vote of 50 to 30. Mr. Cone s
substitute was read, when Mr. Miller moved to
my the whole subject ou th* table uutil Thurs
day, which was agreed to. How much of the
public money will be upended upon inis Bill
can only be'told by the future; but lhe prece
dents set by the actiou of tue Senate m the
premises, may eventually make the expenditure
of lime a wise one, by protecting tue people
from the imposition too irequently practiced iu
abuse of Banking fraucbiato. We hope how
ever, the question will be decided soon.
A Bill to alter ths Ist section of tiro 3rd
article of the Constitution by Mriking out the
words '• being a seaport town or port ot
entry,” was passed. There being but one vote
wauling to constitute the two-thirds of the
whole, the President cast ba vote for the Bili,
and it passed.
In tue House, business isprogreatng rapidly,
and accummulating in proportion. The Com
mittees have their hands full, but the operation
of the new rule to adjourn at I o'clock, will
give them time to properly digest the matter on
their tables, and thus materially expedite the
business of the bestoou. In view ot the accu
mulation of bills, Dr. Phillips offered a resolu
tion, excluding all new matter alter Friday
next, except by a two-third vote for its ad
mission. Mr. Jones, of Muscogee, objected,
aud moved to lay it upon the table for a few
days, which motion prevailed.
There were but few bills of general interest
introduced, the most important of which was
one by Mr. Lewis providing for the establish
ment of a oommou-school system. As we pro
pose laying this Bill before our readera at an
early day, we defer comment nponita provisions (
until we can give them entire.
A Bill was also introduced repealing all
Laws authorizing the settlement of criminal
cases by Solicitors and others; to make juries
define punishment, under tae law, as well as to
give verdicts, aud to regulate the cost oi Solici
tors and Attornies in cases of indictment —
Some of the previsions of this bill are whole
some, but to others there arc serous objections
We will not anticipate, however, the action ol
the House by any comments of our own until
the Bui is put npon its passage; os we depre
cate the rule, too generally adopted, of pre
! judging questions which are legitimately cou
tiued to tue jurisdiction of members elected for
, their discretion and sagacity, and their inde
‘ peudence of outside influences.
A message was received from the Governor
, in relation to certain difficulties of the Rea
Uiayaixi Cross Plain Kail Road Company,
iDe message gives a lull history of the case,
aud will be laid before our readers at an early
day.
i A Bill to change the line between Coweta
' and Merriwetber counties, was amended with a
i iikeprovision for Cherokee and Pickens conn
-1 ties, and passed.
Ti» Mui the paDHmMt ts Boyd
was made the special order for Thursday, aud
that for his portion was et down for Friday.
Several guns are heavily charged for both oc
casions.
After transacting some bu- iness of minor
importance, the House adjourned until Monday,
a proceeding which, whether it meets public
approbation or not, is certainly grateful to our
selves, since the variable weather bus put us oi,
the sick list.
Internal Improvement—Speech of the
Hon. R. McMillan, Senator from Hab
ersham.
Mr. President s—ln reply to the Senatm
who has just taken his seat 1 have only to say.
that by the amendment which I have offered tc
the bill on your t. ble I neither ask or desire an
appropriation of money by tiro State, I only
ask of the State thut which our good neishlxir
is iu the daily habit of extending to another,
namely, the loan of its credit. To endorse the
bonds of the Company, by being amply secured
against any possible loss by so doing, and there
by enable the Company to build the Road con
templated by the bill before you. I can but
regret that this question should have come up
in such away as to allow no time for reflection
or deliberation; and as a rejection of the
amendment, would render valueless, the Bill,
I shall say a few words to the Senate,
1 shall not attempt to discuss before this
body, the paMcy. propriety oY necessity, of a
State so directing its meuns and using its power,
as to give to its citizens in every section those
facilities by which their laws may be improved,
their resources d< veloped and themselves brought
into easy and hr mediate intercourse with other
sections. Experience aud enlightenment ha
rendered such discussion unnecessary at the
present day, when by the progress and pei fe tlon
of science, and a liberal, and enlightened policy,
the locomotive is traversing our forest with al
most lightning speed, until space has lost its
extent, connecting as neighbors, the extremities
of the country, and uniting and fraternizing its
inhabitants by daily mercantile, social, and po
litical intercourse, and thus developing the re
sources of wealth and genius.
It is with pleasure and pride that I refer to
the fact that Georgia stands in the front rank
of her sisters of the confederacy, in these eviden
ces of progress, civilization, and greatness.—
Georgia took the lead and lias kept it, of all the
Southern States, in her Rail Road enterprises ;
and hence, the stand which she now occupies.
Just here let me pause to make an important
enquiry. Georgia is now known throughout
the commercial world as the Empire State ol
the South. When, at what period n her his
tory did she acquire this proud appellation ?
Never until she had commenced developing her
vast and inexhaustible resources, by spreading
a net-work of Rail Roods all over the State.
I will not now stop to inquire into the econ
omy of Rail Roads over all other modes of con
veyance, or to discuss the reasons which should
induce individuals to iuvest their capital in such
enterprises, to point out the great individual
and private benefits to be ultimately derived
from the work, this can ba < asily demonstrated,
aud the experience of the last twenty years proves
that every well managed Rail Road iu the world
has been found profitable to the owners. But
I am now treating this subject in a diffe cut
aspect. 1 am looking at it, not as a financier, a
capitalist, or a private individual; lam view
ing it from the point where we now stand, from
the floor of the Georgia Senate, holding in our
hands the balance which weighs, and the power
which directs, the best interests and destinies ol
a great State. He is but a shortsighted
statesman, and poor economist, who, when con
sidering a work of pre-emiueut importance, in
terest, aud advantage to the State, measures its
value by the mere mercantile standard of dollars
and cents, and progresses, or folds his arms ac
cording to the balance sheet of his ledger.
Many things are necessary to the well-being
of a State and people, yea, even to thcii v ry ex
istence as a civilized community, which weeuu
uot measure by the rule of profit and loss, as
seen iu dollars and cents, anti yet are not only
profitable but absolutely indispensably necessa
ry. Our common highways have by law to b<
kept up either by the public treasury or the la
bor of the people, and this is absolutely necessa
ry for the benefit of all, yet we cannot see a
profit arising therefrom iu dollars and cents.—
The same may be said of our Court Houses, our
Jails, aud all our public buildings, even to the
chamber in which we are now assembled. We
cannot we the profit in dollars and cents of the
ainouut annually distributed for educational
purposes, yet, who can doubt that .this bread
thus oaflt upon the waters, is and will be gath
ered after many days,.and that the seeds ol vir
tue, morality, and industry thus sown will be a
powerful auxiliary means of rapidly diminish
ing crime, promoting morality, and securing
tiro blessßiga of good government to its fullest
extent.
In th'B view of the subject wc ore vastly bet>
dfited and eurichcd as a State by our Raji Road
system long before we see aud led its effects by
actual dividends to the stockholders, be they
the State or private individuals.
So soon as a road is built it is that much
permanent capital actually added to the wealth
of thfcfitate; liecause it is produced, brought
into existence, not by exchanging one commcdi
ty of wealth and value for another, but bv labor.
by that which before had no existence. Jriuman
labor and human industry is the sole element
which adds to national wealth, and the legisla
tor who goes farthest in adding to, and opening
up. those new avenues to wealth and greatness,
is not only the greatest benefactor to the State
but to the age in which he lives. The true no
ttility of a State are those who make the earth
yield its fruits and take from its bosom treasures
to be laid up for the support and comfort of
man, and by labor manufacture those products
when produced. Those alone who thus labor,
and such as develope resources by scientific re
search, add to the wealth of a State. Those
engaged in the professions, such as po-sees men
tal gifts and attainments, (nccessarv in all
States.) their labor and services are only given
ia excliange for something else, money or its
equivalent, they add nothing to'the wealth ofn
State. The most profound stndie?, of the most
learned in all the professions, cannot add one
>6OOO, sinew, or muscle, to those strong arms by
which our Rail Roods and factories are built
up and operated and our mines and mineral re
sources developed ; all which go to make up the
wealth and greatness of a State. How impor
tant then in just and equitable legislation, that
our action should be so shaped as to bring into
full and active operation all the energies of this
wealth producing and State enriching class of
our citizens. Labor, creates capital and main
tains virtuous habits. By opening up a high
way through tie region contemplated by lhe
bill before you, you add wealth incalculable to
the State. You open those mines and minerals
which afford the implements of husbandry, of
industry, and of war, material for machinery,
and a sound circulating medium. The sword
and the plowshare, the musket and the pruning
hook, the steam engine, and the bullion for our
banks, and employment to those whose labor
will thus become a part of the capital of the
State, and from the result of which will spring
the poor mans comforts, and the rich mans lux
uries.
We have within our own borders oil the ele
ments of wealth and g-eatnese, because we havs.
all things necessary to supply the wants of a/
people. Wt have not only the basis of a great,
titote but we bare the foundations of »n sm-|
I pire. You may search the globe, aud upon the
. whole extent of its bosom you will not find
within the same extent of contiguous territory,
the same variety of soil, climate, and produc
■ tions convering an area of sixty-one millions
, square miles, descending Soutbwai-d below the
31st degree of latitude, and rising Northward
above the 35th, resting on the mountains of the
blue ridge. We have a variety of climate to
compare at all seasons of the year with the
choiest in the four quarters of the globe. Min
eral wealth unbounded, and from our rich aud
varied soils we produce not only all the neces
saries but ran produce all the useful comforts
and even most of the luxuries of life. Onr
wants from the cradle to lhe grave (fan be sup
plied within our own borders. From the swad
dling clothes of the infant, to the winding sheet
of tiro hoary headed, aud even u tomb stone of
the choicest marble to cover his grave. The
mountain region of Georgia is capable of
lurnisliiug the whole State with bretuDtiiffs for
food, flax aud wool for clothing, Leather for all
necessary purposes, coal in abundance. Should
ii become necessary for fuel, gold, silver, iron,
copper and other ores, inexhaustible for a cir
culating medium, Agricultural and Mechanical
purpnoce, and munitions of war, washed too by
ocean enough to enable us to make even our
own salt. Add to these her geographical posi
tion and facilities for commerce, covering as
they do, the ports of Savannah, Brunswick aud
Darien, and 1 repeat wc have within ou; - own
borders all the elements to make ourselves in
dependent of all other States and of the world,
both in peace and in’war. But develope our own
resources and you may build around Georgia a
wall of brass to-morrow, lay deep its foundations
in tbo centre of the earth, let’its crest reach the
clouds so that neither man nor beast, nor fowl
ean pass, aud we can live independent of the
world.
But what are all these great and lavish bestow
ments of nature, if they are permitted to lie
dormant, or not directed in channel.—
If the minds and purposes of those who legislate
for and control her destiny are not strongly im
bued with the great necessity for the ful devel
opment of all her vast resources, of what avail
is it to us that our rich mountain rallies are
capable of all this.production, that her every hill
is groaning to be delivered of their vast beds of
the necessary, useful and precious metals, so long
as we hesitate to be true to ourselves and do
our whole duty to the entire State and every
portion of it we talk about Georgia being the
‘Empire State of the South" and are herewith
content. Sir, lam nut willing to be satisfied
with the position which Georgia already occu
pies, proud as it is, I am not willing to rest
even upon the laurels which she has already
wreathed around her brow. I wish to see her
go forward and onward till she shall be made
not only tho “Empire State ol th* Sonth," but
of the Union. This Sir, she is destined to be
if we are only true to ourselves. I regret to
see that some gentlemen are wedded to the an
tiquated notions of a past generation, not in
keeping with the genius, the progress, and the
spirit of the age, aud who seem to think and to
say, that the people are not prepared, or willing
to sustain these great measures of improvement
for the development of the resources of the
State.
Sir, this is a great mistake—there never was
a time when the people of Georgia were more
thoroughly alive to th. ir Irost interests than at
present. We may hesitate, wc may refuse to
do our duty now, but those who are to come
after us, those who will be the pillars of this
government when we are gone, will laugh at
our weakness, and stand amazed at our folly.—
We may retard the progress ot Georgia’s on
ward march, by refusing to act now and aid in
the development of the vast resources, but I tell
you to-day Senators, and I repeat it. The
people are alive to their own best interests and
demand action at our hand*—thought is now
aroused, mind is now awakened that never again
can sleep until the perfection of Georgia's
greatness shall be written upon every page ol
let history.
Look to that portion of Georgia which the
bill on your table contemplates opening up, and
lor which a have asked the a>d of the State.—
In looking to that magnificent range of the Al
leghany Mountains, aud following it on to where
it ends, we see that i< towers aloft in grandeur,
until it reaches, our North eastern boundary—
and there—Nature stooped in accommodation
to Georgia, arid formed the Rubun Gap. There
in the couuty of Rabun nature seems to have
laid out uud designed the true and only practi
cable pass through that jiurt of the Alleghany
ridge, to tiro rich valleys of the Mississippi be
yond. North of this iioint tliere is no practi
cable passage to the West. South Carolina is
now opening this natural gate to draw before
our own eyes,—from us—aud even through our
own Territory the vast riches and trade of the
West, a”d yet we are looking on with folded
anns.
Yes, Senators—to-day while I am speaking
and you are listening, South Can lina is enga
ged with her spades and her shovels, her pick
uxes and operatives, on the Hail of Georgia
building a Road by which to draw to hersell,
that which nature designed for the benefit and
enrichment of onr own State, and yet we are
unmoved. Let us awake, arons* - , and do what
is our imperative duty by which much of the
irade and travel of tiro West, winch will other
wise puss us, will be invited and drawn through
Georgia to seek the markets of our own State,
and of the world through our own sea-port!).—
It is our own fault now, that Savannah is not
the Emporium of tho South, Brunswick a great
mart, and Georgia the Key Stone in the South
ern arch of the confederacy.
In this connexion let me remark that in look
ing over the newspapers of this morning we are
reminded of the situation of affairs iu the Gid
World. Emperors are trembling, kings are
quaking, crowned heads are bowing, thrones
are tottering, dynasties are tailing to pieces, be
fore the progress of the age, by which the people
will rise in the power of their might to assist the
divine right of self-government. In all this we
cannot expect to be idle spectators. We have
from Norfolk to Pen acola an exposed coast of
nearly two thousand mites without a port iu
which one of our vessels of war could safely
rule in time of trouble. I mention thia to say
that in advocating the amendment to the bill
before you for the purpose of enabling the com
pany to open up North-Eastern Georgia, I take
no contradicted sectional view of this matter,
but wish also to see another arm of our Roads
extended to Brunswick, and that City made not
only a port, but a Navy Yard. Iu that re
giou of the State we have tiro live oak aud all
other timbers iu abundance neoeseary for ship
building, also the roein and the turpentine.—
Build the road contemplated, by the bill before
you, and you open up a section of country from
which you bring, the iron, tbs copper, the lead,
the hemp, and the flax, for nails, spikes, an
chors, cannon, muskets, sabres and balls, sheet
ing and copper fastenings, sails and rigging,
and all necessary ship stores for tbe men.
The time has arrived when Georgia must eith
er reach out an arm of her Rail Rood to tbe
Rabun Gap, and thereby secure the full nene
fits of tbe Western trade and travel, and open
up that important region of oar State brought
which it will pass, or else, lose not only these
advantages, mt turn tbe trade and the citizens
of nil that region *f Georgia to seek an onttet
and a market in a sister State which baa been
denied them at borne, and tuiw make them al ena
)iu feeling and interesi’to their own State, which
, has refused them those facilities and that foster
| log rare asri Jwtiee which the hu bwtowed on
WM. KA? PROPRIETO
NUMBER 17.
other sections of tbe State kss favored by na
ture in internal wealth, justice demands that
equal facilities should be afforded to every sec
tion of the State.
An undue and unequal distribution of tiro fos
tering care and benefits bestowed by legislative
action, where all are cquully entitled, will a «
effectually alien;te the feelings and arouse tbe
just jealousies of the neglected section against
the favored as if they resided in different zom*.
Aside from the principles of justice and equali
ty, which should govern all legislation, there is
no State in this confederacy iu which th s p in
epic should he more carelully observed num
policy than our own. By geographical put
tion and construction the development ol th*
resources of upper and lower Georgia, must ev
er b i carried on and consumated by d fferent
claraes of labor. Whilst tho aoi climate a’d
altitude of the former are only suited to tbe pur
suits of the white man. Tiro rraoun os of th*
latter can only be fully and profitably develop
id. by the labor of the slave. A bare ailusim
to this fact is sufficient so remind every legisla
tor of the importance of leaving no just room
tor complaint, or of arraying one section of the
State against another. Just here It me n>
mark that one great ml vantage in opening up
ibis section of Georgia is, that, its resources cun
and will be developed, and its vast b<ds of
wealth made available to the State aud her
Treasury by that portion aud class of tabor uot
engaged in the production of Cotton, and when
we consider that the great mineral wealth of
Georgia also lies in this section of the State,
together with water power sufficient to drive
the machinery of the world. Can it be possi
ble that a Georgia Senate, a Georgia Legisla
ture, will longer delay taking hold of these vast
and important natural advantages, and refuse
to build up the commercial, agricultural, and
mechanical interests of tbe State, and drive off
these immense sources of wealth from our own
door into a different channel, simply by re
fusing now to open this natural gate, the Ra
bun Gap, into the intel ior of the tate. Look
ing to-day at our position, our obligations, our
responsibility to ourselves and to those who are
to come after us, would it not be worse than
blind fatuity to fail to ava.l ourselves of those
vast advantages, and pour those rich treasure*
into the lap of our own State.
Every Rail Road now in Georgia is that much
added, permanently added to her wealth, not
only in the actual value of the roads and the
labor of the employees, but the increased value
of lands has been from 50 to 500 per cent for
ten miles each side of where R*il Roads bare
been built, this has been demonstrated in every
section of every country through which a Rail
Road has passed. It has been proven by ac
tual returns of the appreciated value of those
lauds. It is true it cannot be thus ascertained
in Georgia because until lately we have not bad
an ad valorem system of taxation, but I appeal
to every Senator on this floor from countie*
through which a Rail Road is constructed to
prove the truth of my position. This is but
one item and comparatively a small one, in the
great advantagesof a Road. Yet it adds already
to the wealth of Georgia in this wayalone over
840,000,000. And I make the assertion to-day,
without fear of successful contradiction, thut
Georgia might now give way her State Road
as a boon to a C. nipany that woeld keep it in
successful operation, and although it has cost
nearly 86,000,000, still tLC State would b«
gained by having built the Road, for it ba*
already added to her permanent wealth over 86-
000,000. But it may be said that this is ad
ded to the wealth of individuals, and that those
only are benefited who have stock in a Road,
or those who*c lauds are thus appreciated ia
value thereby.
It is true these are benefited, and perhaps
most benefited, but every citizen iu the remot
est Corner of the State is benefited also. Be
cause under our ad-valorem system ol taxation
(and this is the only equitable one) these roads
and lands thus advanced in value pay a hand
some additional revenua to tbe State Treasury
which proportionally lighten the taxes of every
other citizen is Legislation for lhe purpoHM un
tended. and contemplated by the bill on youj
table differs from all other legislation to pro
mote wealth, you may by legislation increase
individual wealth, in money, in Bank blocks,
iu Negroes, or in any other species of personal
property, but this does not Increase the wealth
of the State, all this is but fleeting, and tbe in
dividual thus benefited nay remove and carry
it ull with him. Not go with tlwlands increas
ed in value by these internal improvements
they remain permanently ud<(ed to the wealth
of the State, no matter who tnuy possess them.
And now let me ask, is it asking 100 much by
•ne amendment offered to the bill on your tab e,
to ask the State to endorse I roods to be used
thus to enrich the State und add to its perma
nent wealth, when aside from the benefit thus
.iccruing to the State ample security is offered
by the Company that the State can never lose
a cent.
Build tbe road contemplated by the bili be
fore you, and y< u in this way alone add over
six und a half millions- of dollars to the per
manent wealth oi tbe State, and thereby pro
irortionally lighten the taxes of every citizen.
Besides where Rad Roads are const) ucted, in
dustry is stimulated, enterprise is rewarded,
capital Is drawn out into active ojieratiou ami
a market opened and brought within the reach
of all. by which the meritorious lu>M>ring and
producing class of our citizens arc remunerated
and stimulated to the lull developement of the
resources of the country.
Georgia has nobly and wisely built, up the
interests of our portion of her citizens by build
ing the main trunk or body of her Sta te Road.
The work has been well begun, 1 now wish to
see it os nobly finished, by extending one arm
to the north-east, and another to the southeast,
bearing on each a hand of justice and equality
snd thusdevelopeherotherwies doimant wealth.
I wish to dig into her mines, and draw from
her north-eastern hills those vast bedsof tLense
ful and precious metals and thereby enrich tiro
treasury of tbe State and add to her permanent
wealth and greatness. I wish to opcu an in
exhaustablc field of tabor, by which incalcula
ble wealth now locked up and hedged in, in
north-easter-: Georgia, will be brought into re
quisition and made accessable to her citizen*
and available to the State, and iu doing this
open at the same time that great natural pass
through the Alleghany Ridge, by which the
trade and travel of the west may uot be wholly
lost to Georgia. Interest Justice, State pride,
partriotism, duty, all demand that this road
should he built, and bui-t now. 1 cannot
doubt that tbe present Senate will for a mouwut
hesitate to set on foot the noble work.
86F* A correspondent of the Washington
Intelligencer gives the coat of gas to private
consumers io forty-two of the largest cities in
the United Statue, tbe average being 83 97
per 1000 cubic feet
Mr. Smith O'Brien, the Irish political
exite, has advertised a new book on political
subject*, the title being: “The Principles of
Government, or Meditation* in Exite.”
New Post Oihce.—Anderson, Snmtr
county, Georgia; Je*se T. Register, Post Ma*
ter.
Bedar Grove. Walker county, Georgia; Hen
ry T. Shelton, Post Master.
ggL. There is a pruning office in Pari* cajto
ble of printing the Lord'* prayer in three h»
dr*d different tesguagw.