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Southern Musical Convention.
°* w *J r II.KI>fSO!. Editor. 4S
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cash
Hamilton, Feb. 28,18537
har ris county rail road
MEETING.
The citizens of'Harris county are res
ypectfully requested to meet id the Court
>Hottse, in Hatnilton, od the first Tuesday
‘in March next, for the purpose of taking in-
Ho ewsideration the proposed Hail Hoad
■ifrbna Covington to Columbus, and to ap
point Delegates to the Convention to be
(held in Griffin on the 14th of March, and
ifor aJI other purposes consistent with the
tadvatjt'ement of said project. Every citi
-stttQ the county is respectfully requested
‘tp intend. Let uo trivial affair cause you
MANY CITWSENS.
.Feb. 20, 1855.
RAIL ROAD MEETING.
We call the attention of the public to the
{proceedings of a Rail Road meeting, which
uwas held in Griffin ou the 20th inst., and
rto be found in another column of to-day’s
By the third Resolution of that meeting
it will be seen that the citizens of Harris,
Merriwether, Talbot and Muscogee coun-
Mias, are requested to call meetings and ap
point delegates to represent their respective
.counties in the General Meeting to be held
sin Griffin on the 14th of March, ensuirg.
It will be seen by a notice at the head of
Khis column, that a meeting of the citizens
of Harris is called in the Court House, on
tthe first Tuesday iu March next. It is to
?he hoped the people of our own and the
•other counties named will awake to their
interest, and do all in their power to carry
this noble enterprize to completion. Situa
te# as our county is, we can expect no other
projectto- enhance the'value of property ori
jpreve-so beneficial to our people as a Rail,
road through the heart of it; of this fact,
•every citizen must be aware. Now, whilst
the ice is broken, is the time for our enter
{prizing men to jump in. You see those who
have taken the lead are determined to have
the Road, or do, at least, all in their powor
to build it-speedily; for heaven’s sake, do
not'letit be said that the project failed for
wantofsesargy in the citizens Harris-
Set not down ou the stool of do-nothing
and ask what can Ido ? it is true you will
never do any thing while you set there, but
hj ‘bestirring’ yourselves can accomplish a
great deal. You can put down your sub.
scriptions proportionate to your means, and
solicit others to do likewise, who may live
near the projected lute.; thus proving to the
public that you are really in earnest, and
are determined to lend all the aid in your 1
power—not by t cards alone, but by means—
that will at au early day insure the comple.
tion qf the road.
WASHINGTON’S BIRTH DAY.
The Anniversary of the birth day of
Washington was celebrated with great
magnificence iu Columbus on (he 22d inst.
The .military companies we^Yir-pjrradeT
the Columbus Guards, under command of
P. J.. Simms, and the City
Guards commanded by Capt. P. H. Col>
A splendid Military Ball, was giv
en by the Columbus Guards, in the evening,
and is represented to Lave been a brilliant 1
affair.
LOOK OUT FOITcOUNTERFEITS.
We publish an articlo t<*d ay from the
Journal Messenger, (Macon,) to which
is added a note by the editor of the West
Point Beacon , stating that a suspicious
looking individual appeared in that vicinity
• short time since, representing himself as a
Kentucky horse drover , passing off Ids Bills
to the unwary. By the Chambers Tribune
we learn that the same man {or one of his
gang) has extended his financial operations
to Lafayette, Ala., where he managed ‘to
get off several counterfeit bills—passing,
among others, two notes on the Southern
Bank of Alabama, to the Tax Collector.
Our readers will remember, some two
years ago those * Kentucky Horse Drovers’
passed through this section on the same bu
siness. We cannot believe they ever had
anything to do with driving horses to mar
ket; they generally have two or three
(torses along, the better to deceive, but
have little idea of disposing of them unless
for cash and at enormous prices; their bus*
(ness is to drive counterfeit money into the
eoulheru market, and not horses.. There is
not a shadow of doubt but there is a body
of them united together. If you should
hear of one being arrested in anv part of the
country, do not lie dormant on that account,
he will be but a twig plucked from a wide
spread branch. Be cautious from whom
you receive Bank Notes, and keep an eye
open for the Drovers,
RAIN! SLEET!! SNOW!!!
After a spell of very agreeable weather,
we had o liite sprinkling of rain on Friday
and Saturday last, which, on Sunday morn
ing. 4 tapered off* with sleet and snow, melt
ing as fast as it fell; since that time our
climate has been endeavoring to compete
with the “North. We do nos hike to find
the -oterk of, the weatherj but
must say we cannot approve of those sud
den changes Irom warm to extremocold.—
We were unable to woik on Monday and
yesterday morning in consequence of the
cold, but compelled to set and admire
the beauty and eloquence a f our typographi
cal spirit of evil who sat “setooched” and
shivering in the Chimney corner, calling
down anathemas the most horrible on the
head of the ‘nigger* who brought us a load
of green pine poles and black gum logs to
burn. Poor Berry! our devil prays he
may never, hereafter, want fire to light
bis pipe. We fear the gardens have all
been ruined.
MUSICAL.
A spirit is abroad in the land to contend
against a custom and system of music
which has been in use, unmolested, for one
hundred years or more; as uew musicians
spring up, new ideas spring up with them.
It has been an universally admitted princi
ple that, in the Diatonic scale of music, five
whole tones and two semitones form an oc
tave. By some of our principle men this
position is denied, and in lint, they ioseit
for iVeir own use, and that of their clajs.es.
seven whole tones, denying that any such
thing as a semitone exists; consequently,
they contend that there can be no difference
in the practical thirds, to wit; the minor
and major, and therefore contend for one
mode only. We are disposed'to conrlude
that all such are wanting when tried >in the
balances. Do away with the semitones,
and you destroy the science of music, for
nature lias formed them, and no a<rt can
abolish them ; and if those who are destitute
of the power of distinction sufficient to de
tersjjJk where nature has located a semi-
incapable of deciding how art has
placed the scale lo precisely meet the de
mends of nature, is not capable of instruct.
ing in the science of music. In the major
scale—bfing the grand octave commencing
on the tonic— two tones are found, to the
first third a major third, to wit; from € to
E,or by one flat from F to A. makes three
notes and two whole tone degrees. In the
minor scale, take from A to C, in the nat
ural scale wo find three letters and two de
gree*. oue whole tpne and the other a
hall tone degree. In the min<r mode the
semitones occur from No's 2 and 3, 5 aud
6. ‘ln the major scale the semitones occur
from 3to 4 aud from 7to 8. In this pro
position, can all be the same mode? We
think uot. In the very ingenious arrange
ment of music, it has been completely set to
nature, and we suppose the geueral difficul
ty is. that those who are contending on the
subject, have not consulted nature correctly.
Take, if you please, two tuues, one in the
major, and perform it in the order of a mi
nor, then contrast the operation; take a mi
nor tune and perform it in the major order
and see if you cannot discover a difference;
‘flitch'-.course may, perhaps, lead you to
conclude a difference ; and deriving
wt ibis conclusion, may you to inves
tigate, impartially, what the essential diffei
ence is. If the principle is admitted that
no semitones exist in the octave, then we
have 14 semitones in the octave according
to the chromatic scale. By the diatonic
scale *ve have 12 semitones in an netavp,
the five whole tones being divided artificial
ly into semitoues, and the two natural semi
tones make twelve.
How it is that any person should have
arrived at such conclusions, we are at a loss
to understand or account for, for it stands
irrelevant to every principle (oral or written)
of music in the old or new world. No such
thing was ever heard of until within the last
twelve or eighteen months; and we would
advise, before tuo great an exposure of a
want of faculty, that there be more care on
the part of those disposed to contend, aud
that they betake themselves to n investi
gation of the subject, and teach no more
such error. We would like to hear from
others ou the subject. Sv?.
OUR BOOK TABLE.
Arthur’s Home Magazine for March,
is before us filled with excellent matter, to
gether with the Fashions, and is trnly one
of the most interesting works ol the day.—
Terms. $2 in advance. Address T. S. Ar
thur, 106 Walnut st. Philadelphia.
Peterson’s Magazine for March is now
on our table, and is just the book for the la
dies. It contains the fashions and every
thing that relates to the interest of the fe
male sx. Terms $2 in advance. Address
C. J. Peterson, 102 Chestnut st. Phia.
Godet’s Ladys’ Book —lt is useless to
say this work comes to us monthly; every
body, who has ever taken the Ladys’
Book knows that it never fails aniving in
due time. It all t|je fashions, and
the greatest amount W(*£K#Uag matter of
any similar work of the day, and is always
beautifully illustrated. We are frequently
importuned for the loan of our Magazines;
we wish ii understood by all that we belong
to no “ loan Association” “We take the
for fetter half’s
special benefit, timnntrmsic value ;
intending to hav’^F 1 ®' 1 ! bound And not
only this, hut jus;lql e to ourselves and the
publishers forbid oul lending them.
Terms $3 per annLmL/itGodey and Har
pet’s Magazine both forvHULin ad vance.
Addiess L. A. Goiet, street,
Philadelphia.
Saturday Evening Post. —This as ’the
largest and best wrekljMiterary paper pub
lished in Philadelphia ; it contains more
original Novelettes, good Stories, Poetry.
Anecdotes, Agricultural matter and Gener
al News, than could be well expected from
anything in the Newspaper line. The pa
per comprises nine columns to the page, of
proportionate length, aod well printed. It
is true, it is *ot As-hH**. ft* seeu ?
but suffice.it Jo say. that two of them would
cover a common siaed bed. It contains but
few advertisements, and is almost wholly
devoted to literature, and the general news
of the day. Ihe public need not fear of
being duped in subscribing for the ‘‘Post,’’
as it is now in its 34th year, and has be
tween 80 and 90.000 subscribers. Terms
$2 in advance. Address Deacon tfe Pe
terson. Number 456, South Third Ttreet,
Philadelphia.
General Intelligence.
RAILROAD MEETING.
Griffin Feb. 20. 1855.
Agreeable to a caW of Maj. Henry Moore,
permanent chnimra n.|gl*rusiting: was held
at the City Hall, when fren. E■ P. Daniel
was called to the andC. H. Johnson
appointed Secretary
The following resolutions were offered by
Dr. .1. N. Simmon-, and. on motion, unani
mously adopted;
Kesolved, That a committee of twenty
one, be •.•ppoioted to attend the Railroad
Convention to be held in this place, the 2d
Wednesday in March next.
Resolved, That a committee consisting
of five be appointed t<o solicit subscriptions
to aid in defraying the expenses of a survey
or a line fora Raiioad between th* cities
of Griffiiu and Covington.
Resolved, That this meeting request
the citizens of Merit* ether. Harris, Talbot
and Muscogee, to apffoin? delegafes from
their icspective counties to represent th**m
ill the Convention to assemble in this place
in March tAntt;'*’— 1 -
Resolved. That the proceedings of this
meeting be pubk-hed in Griffin, Columbus
and Hamilton paper*.
The following delegates to attend the
meeting to be held in this city on the 14th
of March, were appointed hv the chair, viz:
J. P. Manly, Thomas Rn-oks, Wm B Nun
S C. Mitchell. Wm. Parker. Thomas D
Johnson, A. A. Gaulding, J. B. Reid, Thos
B Johnson, A. A. Porter. Wm. Arnold. J.
Q, A. Alford, J. C. Be'-ks. Wm. .1 Jossey.
Hendly Varner. Dr. Wm. 11. Prichard. Wm
Freeman. V\ m. R. Phillips, H. P. Kirkpat
rick, A. G. Peden, amlM, G. Dobbins.
On motion, the Chairman and Secretary
were added to the delegation.
The following geutlemcn were appointed
a committee to solicit subscriptions for sur
veying the route for tbe contemplated Rail
road from Covington in Griffin : Dr. J. N
Sirnmyns H. PT\ij'kj(jri,rk. A. A, Porter.
Wm. Crittenden and Gary Grire.
On motion, the meeting adjourned.
E.P. D\NIEL, Chm.
C. H. Johnson, Sec’ry.
CENTRAL AMER. EXPEDITION
Ihe Vlnshiugtnn Union publishes in full,
the correspoedeoce between the Secretary
of State and Col. Kinney, in relation to the
much talked of Central American Expedi
tion. Col, Kinney, it appears, had been iu
vited to a personal interview with Mr. Mar
cy, and subsequently at his request, put up
on paper the information, he then commu
nicated in reference to the purposes of the
proposed expedition, and the means by
which they are to be carried out. He says:
This company was organised a little more
than a year since, when officers and mana
gers were.-alsoted to. direct aud control its
affurs.
The articles of association declare its
ol ject to lie the occupancy and improve
ment of the lands within the limits of its
grant; and my instructions are of the same
purport, although necessarily more extend
ed. These direct me to take immediate
steps for the peaceable occupation and co
lonization of the lands of the company by
sui h industrious and enterprising men as
may bo willing to remove thither; either
singly or with their families, and to offer
them, as an inducement for going, a certain
quantity of lund, to he laid off and convey
ed to them on consideration of actual occu
pancy.
They also instruct me to take out n cer
tain number of mechanics and laborers of
various kinds, as I may find can be advan
tageously employed in mining, cutting ma
hogany and other Agilnuble cabinet wood/
which may bear to the United
States or to Europe. And my instrnctions
are to do all peaceably, without invading
the rights of either communities or States.
As to my own purpose, I can only say
that it will be to carry out ray instructions
faithfully, to preserve peace, to cultivate a
spirit of industry and a’ love of order in the
community whi’ h-J hope to see grow up
speedily in ibat now desert and uninhabited
portion of the world. A mini her erf itriius
j nious and enterprising citizens, aecerrrpau.
; ied by their families, h ive already sailed or
are about to sail, from Corpus Christ, ai.d
they will tie shortly followed by others from
the North.
SECRETARY MARCY’S REPLY.
If. Jy enterprise of which you speak in
yourXtter to me rff the 28ih ultjmo. is a
merepeate emigration ; if you, and those
who propose to go with you."prefer to leave
the beited States and seek a permanent
home in a foreign country, to renounce your
citizenship here, and the rights and privi
leges belonging to it, and to submit your-elf
to the laws of another jurisdiction, it is
neither the duty nor the desire of this gov
ernment to interfere with your proceedings.
l?J\sueh a course you cease to be a citizen
of thd-'JJnited States, and can have alter
such a cfxaoge oFaTlfe*M4*.pee nojcllim to pro
tection as such citizens froV ,
mein. You seem, however, to -repel -the
inference that you intend to submit to the
existing sovereign authority of any country.
Your design in this respect is indicated by
the following passage in your letter :
“It is my purpose to occupy some suita
ble place, and to establish municipal regu
lations for the colonists, so that it may be
in my power to enforce order aird keep up
i the forms of civilized society from the be
ginning.”
It is not to be assumed that the country
to which you are going is not within the
territorial limits of some government.
That it is a part of the sovereignty of a
government is implied in tne fact that you
claim to have -a grant’ for the land you
propose to occupy. Although you do not
state the source or nature of your
the particular country to which yon ptfki
pose to go, it is evident from the tide of|
your association, ‘The Central American !
Company/ that your destination is Central.
America, and I know no portion of it over
which some of the Central Americau Stales
hnve not sovereign jurisdiction.
•It i* very generally •understood that your
colony proposes to take possession of a
p*rt of she Mo-quito country, over the
whole of which Nicarugus or Costa Rica
claims jurisdiction.
The ministers < f those governments have
both declared that you have no grant from
their own nation, and they protest against
your proposed expedition as an in’ aston of
their right* of property, and jurisdiction and
sovereignty If your grant is derived, as it
is presumed to be. from a person called the \
Mosquito King, it is proper that you should
i>e apprized of the linht in which this gov- |
ennment regard such a title. The political
condition of what is called the Mosqiii'o
Kingdom, has for -everal years past been a
matter of discussion between the Uni'ed
Stale* and Groat Britain, ’t his govern
ment has uniformly held that the Mosquito
Indians are a savage trjbe. and that, though
they hav< rights as the occupants of ihe t
country where ‘hey are. they have no
parity tp transfer m> individuals an ahsolujßj
and permanent title to the lanVs
posse-sion, and that the right of eminent
domain—which only can he the source of
-uch title—i in certain of the Central Am
erican Slates.
If the emigrants should be formed into
companies, commanded by officers, aid fur
nished with arms, such organization would
assume the character of a mi itarv organi
zation. and, being hardly consistent with
professions of peaceful objects, there would
devolve upon tnis government the of
inquiring whether it be not in violation of
our neutrality act.
LOOK OUT FOR COUNTERFEITS.
Within a few days past, (-ays the Journ
al & Messenger of last week'.) two SSO
counterfeit bills of the Bank of the State of
Georgia, have been received by bank offi
£-*r* of this city. [Macon] against which we
would can iron rtl pvtMte, exe- ,
cuted well enough to deceive air one not
familiar with the bills of the Bank of this
denomination, but. the following description
of one of them, will enable any one readily
t detect them, as no $5!) bills answering
the description have ever been issued by the
Bank of the State ol Georgia It is dated
Oct Ifith, 1849, payable at the Branch
Bank of the State of Georgia, at Augusta,
and signed A.Poiter, Cashier. G. B. Gum
ming. President. In the centre of the bill
and near the top, is a female figure with a
sheaf of wheat near her, a failroad train
pusaing over a bridge on the left hand side,
and a small figure of a man on hois back
on the right hand side of the female figure,
as the hill is held to be read. Immediately
hi low ‘his principal viguette, at the bottom
of the bill, and between the signature, is a
small steamship. On the corner of the left
hand end of the bill, and below, is the letter
L„ and between it the word Fifty in capi
tals, and on each side of the vignette at the
top are the figures 50. Tho bill we have
described was enclosed iu a letter fiom Al
bany. Ga
FVe understand that a geqtleman in the
vicinity of this place had one of the above
bills passed on him a day or two ago by a
suspicious lookiug individual. Shortly af
ter the man left he discovered that it was
counterfeit, and immediately went in pui
suit of the scoundrel, but he evaded him.—
We learn that the scamp h id ‘plenty more
jof the same sort.’ He is a horse trader, and
’ says he is from Kentucky. Persons would do
well to be on thoir guard, or they may he
‘taken iu and done for’ in like manner.
H'est-Poinl Beacon.
Lieutenant General Scott. —A
Washington letter writer says that upon the
passage of the bill creating the office of
Lie uteuant General, Col Preston drove to
the War Department, where he announced
the intelligence to Get). Scott The C< n
eral dropped his head for a moment, and
tears were seen trickling down Iris cheek.— !
Hi- teply was worthy of his fame, and was
precisely as follows :
•Let no man say. hereafter, that his critlb
trv is ungrateful to one who has served btfr
faithfully.’
F-red Douglass in the New York Oap
’ITOL. —A memorial was presented on the
’9thult., to the Lower House of the New
York Legislature, requesting the use of their
chamber, on Ac first vacant oight, for Fred*
erick Dougbft to ma'ke a speech oh -The
rights of Msttr Alter haff an hour Spent
in a colloquial discus-ion, the request was
unanimously granted. Next Friday even
ing was appointed for the address, it is
eminently right and proper that an Aboli
tion Legislature should give the use of their
Hall to a negro. If th< y intended to de
grade themselves by the act, they haVe sig.
naily failed, for it is rather a condescension
in any negro of ordinary character and ca
pacity to harangue such an assembly.
Nevei theless. the animus of the proceeds
wtuT as ope of the signs
of the times, should receive not attention.
Richmond IDispatch.
A Prolific Hen.—We are inforiflej
that Dr. Columbus Smith of Toneshorough,
has a hen of the common stock that has laid
ip the last three weeks, eightv-six eggs.
She coTMMoeed by* laving two a clay, and
laid successively three, four, five, six, and
at last accounts had laid seven eggs per
day, of the ordinary size. The gentlemaft
who gives us the information, has offered to
bet one hundred dollars upon its correctness.
The hen is confined in a coop and lias beert
watched while laying, and the eggs counted
after she had l< ft the nest. If this he true*
we will go Georgia against the world iu the
hen line.— G r ijfm Union.
Pj*A.NLt-French Alliance in America.
1 Senate. Saturday, Gen. Cns gave no
on the next Monday he should take
notice Af the words anri'.uted to Lord Ci A
RENOowwy the public press, but which sub
sequently modified or denied relative to the
tranaatlalic policy to be pursued by Eng
land with reference to affairs upon this con
tinent. A Washington fetter says that th*
Genera! will also take notice of the speech
of the French Emperor, delivered on the
27th December last, in Which the idea is
plainly held out that the present Anglo-
French alliance r<dates not only to things
and events in the East, hut also to matters
belonging to the Western hemisphere.—
General Cass will, no doubt, treat the mat
ter as an ‘ accomplished statesman and di
plomatist, and he may, perchance, give the
c untry his views about the Eastern ques
tion, th Allies, the Turks.
ian.
B!. ITfS! 1 V
Jnk
■ a lie tbl_. v>
i:iw®
‘■•it 5
vF ‘ ■
p r>i s
upon
sice that at the cod they
will never disar me h"\ea full
understanding with the hated republic in
regard to the question of Cuba, the SaDd
■ ich Islands and Costa Rim.
‘•persons who have never been beyond
the smoke of their own chimneys, may
prate about the impossibility of England
going to war wi h the, United States; that a
community ofintere-t. language and religion
would prevent it. Let ihi m e rne abroad,
and mix w ith her people and they w ill’soon
learn that there is not a bi ter hater of the
<?'i'Ttvd'4Sjjat v es than rhe Etgljah...nation.—
The Emperor of the Ffetich has eiTrr 4tW
clina ion to fry the strength of his fleets up
on us and fill his exhausted treasury by
seizing upon our sl ipping, and levying con
tributions upon our cities. What is to pre
vent him? He has only to send over one of
his laigm fleets of screw steamers.” *
From the Tr\ IVeekly Enquirer .
SUPREME COURT ON RAILROAD
LIABILITIES.
We find in the Macon Messenger of 21st
inst. a notice of a recent decision of the
Supreme Court, in which the constitution
ality of the law making the vaiious rail
r ads liable for injurie- t. stock. &c. is
affirmed. The subjeet of injuries done in
the manner above al uded to his long been
the fruitful occasion of protracted and ex
pensive litigation, in which we believe the
people have, in the long run. come out se
cond best. VVe are glad therefore, that
the relative rights and tesponsihibties of tho
parties are clearly ascertained and presen
ted, and hope the discission will have the
double effect to prevent accidents of the
kind alluded to, by stimuLiing our Rail
road Companies to increa-ed carefulness,
and when such do occur, lead lo a satisfac
tory adjustment. without unnecessary delay
on cost.
‘ The Supreme Court is still in session in
this city, it having disposed of only about
one ihird of the cases upon its docket. Du
ring the last week it has had before it two
cases, one insii'iited hy the Central and the
other bv the Macon Si Western Railroad,
involving the question of the constitution
ality the act of rhe last Legislature
in regard to Railroads and their Liability
for injuires to stock and other property
“od on Monday morning the deeission of
the Court was pronounced, sustaining the
act and all of its provisions. A railroad
company may now he sued in any militia
district, in any county through which the
Road runs, and in which it has au agent.—•
i Such is the law, aud very popular it is.”