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stock-hog * i through the winter months V by the sheep shift pretty much for themselves, the cows run in , the •Range’ until the feed gives out, and then we give them a little cotton seed.” ‘Cotton seed ! j you might about ns well feed them on woolen rags; j they are perfectly indigestible to the stomach, I and the only nourishment from them is the oil that they contain, and then you rob your land ot one of its best manures in thus misapplying your cot ton seed, whereas, had you planted one, two or three acres iu the Rutabaga and lied top lui nip, your table would he supplied with one ol the healthiest of vegetables, your cattle would he fat, * your milk and butter would suffer no diminution, either in nuantitv or quality, from grass feeding, j ■healthy, and well Jjaga is the best of ■ it is the sweetest, j ‘or its nutitive qual- ; it England makes j and her fine wool, loth on your back rriim>! Are you a l> crop to England? cotton crop of the that can’t be possi e, as proven by the *. The line milk , and the fine Mut ad produces (rough greater annual rev up, yield tothe Uni d in the northern ill,Ml- till 11 i | >-, 1 Urosts. rI ■*l i‘ bul ‘-an Hiug iii’i niiiil April. ” i A of tin- s, oit ii, I'wii “*W “"I, and if prtlio method of Kng “L * Ap, and li-e.liug with cut Hter. iu> (lcuilit yum mut. (lecces as heavy, and protit able hraneli of Agri ’ be opened to our people, of labor and Capital that rover production of Cotton ! ers, to your own and your Coun- Weekly Memoranda. Wkoi. i aiii.i: (. mum v—Siill transplant tribe plant. Rutabaga and English English l’i'as, Snaps, Carrots, Parsnips, and Salsify. Plant Irish Potatoes from seed of the present year, they will make r „g°o<) potatoes for fall use, do not be particular about taring your grass and weed seeds ! you will have enough for next season’s crop without any extra effort in this respect. ‘* . Silk Ciiltnre. • W ashington, Oa. Gazette gives a descrip- new Trowsting Mill, invented by Mr. T. H. Chivers, of Wilkes C. which roots the silk from the cocoons, spins it into thread, dou bles and twists it, at tho same lime, by the •aino machinery, making a superior Twist, and Sewing Silk. This is a great acquisition to tho •ilk Culturist and should more of our people to embark in the The United agricultural school and model farm in the envi rons of Constantinople. There are fifty pu piis. The master is a Frenchman, educated at Grignou. Water Effects on Vegetation. The importance of water tothe purposes of vegetable growth, is well understood, hut the manner and means by which it is caused to act may to some seem a mystery. The atmosphere is forty miles high, and ex erts a pressure on the earth of fifteen pounds to each inch of surface. As the atmosphere is very elastic, it is the most heavy or compressed near the surface of the earth, and lighter and j less dense at higher altitudes. This atmos phere permits the sun’s rays tqppass freely | through it; and by their influence the water | on the earth’s surface is enlarged by the effect of heat and becomes vapor. This vapor rises through the heavier parts of the atmosphere, until it arrives at a point where the medium ot j it is its own weight, and such a strata floats, forming what we cail clouds. These clouds or masses of vapor are made I up of minute particles, which, on touching each ! other, coalesce (like drops of oil floating on the surface of a fluid,) and thus the vapor is formed into drops, which from their weight increase in density, fall again in the form o( rain, snow, hail, iVc. The atmosphere among other gass es, holds large quantities of ammoniacal and carbonic acid gasses, and the drops of rain or flakes of snow while falling, havo the power to absorb these gasses, which they do to many times their own bulk. Tho rains thus charged fall upon the surfaces of plants, and pass into tho earth, thus being brought into contact with the roots, as well as with the leaves of tho gasses are absorhed by them. e lltro cre.n xiiitninril in tho n asi^^liiar ting'agent, while the cftrbonic acid (gas, (compo sed of carbon dissolved in oxygen,) leaves its carbon within the plant to increase ifs size, and the oxygen it contains is again set forth on the face of nature to dissolve new quantities of car bon. Plants have other constituents besides carbon, and many of these are dissolved in the earth by the rain, and carried to the roots of plants, oven silex, (flint or its base,) when corn bined with some of the alterative earth is slight ly soluble in wate, nnd forms an important part of plants. It is this substance which gives strength to straw, steins, &c., and the rattan, bamboo, and some other vegetables secrete si lex in quantities so great that we can sharpen a knife upon their surfaces. Water plays another part in the protection of plants feom the effects of excessive heat during the summer. When water is evaporated from any surface, that surface is cooled by the eva poration ; thus wetting our head, and then assisting the evaporation by fanning it, cools it. When the water is evaporating from the surface of the earth or from plants, by its increaso of bulk in becoming vapor, its capacities for heat is increased, audit robs the necessary quantity of heat from the plant nnd tho earth, thus pro- i venting the decay of the plant from the exces- ‘ sive and disorganizing hent. The moisture is a-1 gain leiurned to the plant at night, having chan- : god to dew charged with gasses for the nurture ! of plants. From the Providence Courier. A Farmer’s Life and Duties. It wo were ever envious, it was ofthe farm or—the intelligent, independent farmer, who owned his land, his house and barns ; who was free from debt, whose family woro growing up prosperously around him, upon whom God smil- such a farmer, v _ A. h i, ’ ’ J , . Ilk. PPWJtmn, it is diflicu Vo give such on paper us would enable the far ■rto perform it successfully; -would me in regard to describing the amputation of a limb, or the dissection part of the body. I enn only-suy ibat sysayVrtg *• Wu piu'lUl lllf'lr without any risk. It is important that the farmer should know what his cow is best fitted for. If she is in clined to get fat wilh good feeding, I would not spay her for the purpose of milking, but would do it for the purpose of fattening her.— Rut, on the other hand, if the object is milk, and the cow is a good milker, spay her and keep her in inilk. 1 have milked them from one to ] six years ; and in the counties of Ontario, Liv. iugston, and Genesee, I have .operated on hun dreds from six weeks to eighteen years old. Reference can be given to those who have milked spayed cows for several years, have worked spayed heifers, and have raised and fat tened them from calves, and all speak in high terms ofthe benefit of the operation, when j performed. WM. CARTER. I East Bloomfield, Ontario co., N. Y. Note. —lt may be well to add to the above, the conclusion of M. Morin, veterinary surgeon at one of the French Royal Depots. He fur nishes a long article for a French journal, which is summed up as follows: 1. Spaying induces permanency of milk, in , crease of quantity, and improvement of quality ; | richer, more butter, superior color, liner taste | and flavor. | 2. The most suitable age is six years, and j after the third or fourth call. 3. The spayed cow fattens more easily, and I furnishes beef of a better quality. 4- Cows that are bad breeders may be kept as good milkers, and the quality of good cattle j kept up.— [Eds. Cultivator. symtiol. It floats about us like tfiat granTHlbr ject which the apostle saw in his vision—‘a sea of'glass like unto crystal.’ So massive is it. that when it begins to stir, it tosses about great ships like playthings, and sweeps cities and forests, like snowflakes, to destruction before it. And yet it is so mobile, that we have lived years in it before we can be persuaded that it existed at all, and the bulk of mankind never realized the truth that they are bathed in an ocean of air. Its weight is so enormous than iron shivers he. fore it like glass; vet a soap bubble sails through it with impunity, and the tiniest insect waves it aside with its wing. It ministers lavishly to all the senscsf We touch it not, but it touches us. Its warm south winds bring back color to the pale face of tho invalid ; its cool west winds refresh the fevered brow, and make the ■l blood mantle in our cheeks; even its north blasts brace into new vigor the hardened chil dren of our rugged climate. Tho eye i indebt ed to it for all the magnificence of sunrise, the full brightness of midday, the chastened radi anee of the evening, and the clouds that era. die near the setting sun. But for it tho rain bow would want its ‘triumphal arch,’ and the winds would not send their fleecy messengers on errands round the heavens. Tho cold would not either shed snow feathers on the earth, nor would drops of dew gather on the flowers. The kindly rain would never fall, nor hail storm nor fog diversify tho face ofthe sky. Onr na ked globe would turn its tanned and unshadow, ed forehead to the sun, and one dreary, monoto. nous blaze of light and heat dazzle and burn up all things. Were there no atmosphere, the sun would in a moment set, and, without warning, plunge tho eaiih in darkness. But the air keeps in her hand n sheaf of her rays, and lets them slip but slowly though her fingers ; so that tho shadows of evening are gathered by de. grens, and tho flowers havo time to bow their heads, and each creature space to find a place of rest, and to nestle to repose. In the mor ning. the garish sun would at one bound burst horn the bosom of night, and blaze above the air watches for his coming, afler satisfactory prac tice, to raise the Potato, to any other whatev- i er. „ COLLIN WOOD. Baldwin Cos., June, 164!). .OGuntT Nt HyKaY.— Perlmp* the larges norfry” H 1 111 iwjfc 11*1111 b 1 n m Huistrein,'* uno of the Danish provinces. It consists of one hundrer. mid eighty acres, and requires on an average one hundred and thirty men and twenty wonen to cultivate it. Eighty packers are cinployid during the packing season. The average pnlil, for tho last thirty years, has been $l5,Q>O annually, though at one time, for twelve yean, the sale of dahlias alone netted ! $50,000 pci annum, and to which eleven acres are still deoiled. Some rare Orchidcous plants sell for s3l? each. Os this family of plants, they have (two thousand varieties, and two thousand oiiie dahlia. The collection of 01 na mental triv’Ms enormous.— Maine Cultivator. Fi.o\ve.'Jß Flowers, of all created things, are the and simple, ami most superbly <*®h'X—playthings for childhood, ornaments “'Be grave ! Flowers ! beloved by the idiot, a* lMdid by the deep-thinking man of are most pl ilC ßig, yet of all earthly things are most that*unceasingly ex pand to hei' t eflbeir graceful, and to man their cheerful l°<” of human joy, soothers of human s’ I,fit ‘emblems of the victor’s tri umphs—of tl img liridu’s to and graceltiHKn solitary graves! • What a dress desolate place would be a world without a be a face an e :,uu ino'm tuts a '" , “^^F' ar * o|i Pp§.of t|l his How-creak . . his lnd ..‘jlnh ivukj\ftLV'Jn^ thoughts of Cach ed from and supqir to *effjiiiness. Tiib Farmer’s hc4htkr.— There’s a world of buxom beauty finishing in the shades of the country. Farm-hsset, are dangerous places. As you are thinkii’ ‘lily of sheep or of curds, you may be shot thfogllby a pair of bright eyes, and melted awav i aibcwitching smile that you never dreamed *1 lillthe mischiet was done, fn town's and theatFs, :fd thronged assemblies of the rich and tiller, fail you are on your guard; you are exposed, aijd on your breastplate, and pas3~TfrrSbvfi the rmst deadly onslaught ol beauty safe ami sound But in those sylvan retreats, dreaming of nightingales, and hearing only the lowing of oxen you are taken by sur prise. Out steps a fair creaure—crosses a glade leaps a stile. You start— you stand back in wonder and astonished admiration ! You take out your tablet to write a .sonnet on the return of the Nymphs and Drvat* to the earth, when up comes John Toriipkiiis and says, ‘lts only the farmer’s daughter.’ What, have farmers such daughters now.a.days ? Yes, I toll you they have such daughters. ‘Those farm-houses ate dangerous places. Lei no man with a po etioal imagination, which is only another name for a very tender heart, Halter himself with fan cies of the calm delights of the country ; with the serene idea of sitting with the farmer in his old-fashioned chimney corner, and hearing him talk of corn and mutton ; of joining him in the pensive pleasure ol'a pipe and a jug of brown October; of listening to the gossips of the com fortable farmer’s wife,| or the parson and his family, of his sermons, And his pig ; over a fra grant enp of young hysVin, or wrapped in the delicious luxuries ofcusljards or whipped cream. In walks a fairy vision (Wwonderous witchery, xv it mystcrioifl , , 4 at mV* ient. boiled, stewed, or in soup. tht^^H niofe useful vegetables, and it has the aaH” of taking but little room ; it may be pluo^Hßß| where; it cat) be used iu an alternate i>HBB almost anything, ami not ri tjniie n'Hß| six inch extra allowance be.wren the if they tin* planted in rows two met aptfl . ~j ciop you please may be planted tirtwrcHH especially any kind of winter greenJß 4 he seed ill a patch in February. comes up, keep it very clear of weVdl. As soon as large enough, plant out six inches apart in a piece of well dressed ground and when it has required good strength, plant nine inches apart in the row, and the rows two feet asunder for a crop between, or one foot asunder if no other crop is to be introduced; but le'tuces may be planted in the alternate rows and the alter nation of crops looks well if nicely managed. It is as well to earth up leeks as you would celery, that is, sufficient to blanch about three inches or so of the plant. Boiled in salt and water till they are tender, and eaten with melt ed butter like asparagus, and sea-kale, the wa ter being changed when half done, the leek is excellent, when used in soup, they should be boiled, cut into two inch lengths, and used in plenty by stexving them afterwards with the soup itself. The leek is not sufficiently cultivated among coltagers ; and seme object to them on account of their very strong flavor, xvhile boil ing them and throwing theJirsl water just be fore they are quite done renders them as mild as a Spanish onion; xvhereas, there are many advantages in their culture that should induce them to be adopted to a great extent, if not pre ferred for the purpose to which pinions are gen erally devoted. * From Bowen's Farmer. Preparation of W heat Seed. By sifting, xvith suitable seives, the large „ plump berries may he separated Trom the small and shiivellcd, which \jill. make a great ! improvement. Then wash throughly in water, violently, and skim off all floating sub lYrßmces. Violent washing will rub ofl’the seeds (xof.fungUSjW.hich might cause smut or their dis eases, atm destroy the eggs of insects ; and by ski n ijp mg. the JigiiLse *(I tid other refuse sub elude and. Sc., for which ded violent washing. The following is cheap, convenient, safe, and probably as effectual as any ; and it has the important advantage of floating oats, and grains of comparative lightness that sink in pure water. Make a solution of salt ns strong as it can be made, which is probably about one quart of salt to two gallons of water. In this steep the wheat and remove worthless matters that rise ; also the grains of wheat of comparative lightness.— It is best to soak the wheat twenty-four hours ; but when thus prepared, it the weather is favora ble, it will keep iu good condition for several days or weeks, if the brine is strong, as it will not vegetate in it. We have kept wheat a week or two in this way ; and a farmer informed us that he had pre pared his wheat in brine, when his interval, where be intended to sow, was overflowed, and he kept it in the brine three weeks, and, as it xvas late, he then spread and dried it, aud sowed it the | next spring xvith success. | After soaking wheat in brine, drain oft’ the i brine, which is a good manure, and add suffi | ciont slacked lime to make it dry enough to sow. Soxv soon after the lime is added. If any acci ! dent or storm prevents sowing soon, return the grain to the brine, as the best preserva | tive. Roots for Stock. Not only the farmer who unites xvith his other ) vocations that of stock raising, but the mechanic l xvho keeps but a single cow*, should endeavor to i supply himself with a sufficiency of roots for xvin j ter use. There are several x-arieties of roots cul tivated for this purpose —all of which arc, no doubt, possessed of considerable value; yet some are superior to others for their greater hardiness greater yield, or superior richness in the ele ments of animal food. The carrot, the beet, the parsnip, and several species of the turnip are cul tivated for this purpose, and generally with good mat ’■ in my pract l^ the Port Mr. Charles A. Peabody, from a Native Grape, I most sheerfully bear testimony to its purity and excellence. 1 am well acquainted with Mr. Pealiody, and his character for intelligence and honor, as well as the actual trials which 1 have made of the Wine, warrant me in assuring the profession and public that it is a perfectly pure article, and may therefore be relied upon in all cases of sickness where wine is indi cated. P. 11. WILDMAN, M. D. Columbus, Ga., April 22,1843. jtfr. Charles .4. Peabttl y: Dear Sir— The bottle of Wine I have received, and find it more agreeable to my taste than any I ever used ; would say that in all cass where Port Wine was admissible, or an astringent required, yonr wine would be a fine remedy. Respectfully, S. A. BILLING. Fresh Imported Turnip Seed. ENGLISH Norfolk, Swedish Ruta Baga, White Dutch, Large Red Top, Long Hanover. For sale by CHARLES A. PEABODY, At the Drug Store f J. F. Winter &. Cos. and from the Store of Peabody &. C ® J 7 Columbus. Juljr 5 1849. PROSPECTUS or THE Mfl.soagßi ontaeft&t. L. F. W. ANDREWS, General Editor. ■"“* Department. The second halfyear of the sth vol ume of tlris Journal was commenced on the first week in July, on the fol lowing plan: I. As the name imports, the PO-’ LITICAL principles of the paper will be thoroughly DEMOCRATIC. — The doctrines anti measures advoca- ison, and other distinguished States men of the Republican School. Be sides the support of general principles of the Democratic creed, this paper will ever be found the strenuous advo cate of Southern rights, and South ern interests, in opposition to the mad schemes of Northern Fanatics and Foreign Emissaries. 11. A department of tho paper will be devoted to the cause of EDUCA TION and POLITE LITERA TURE, where may be found the gem of poetical composition, the instruc tive Tale, the chaste Essay and agree able Miscellany, with occasional notice of the progress of Science and the Arts. 111. The Department of AGRI CULTURE will receive special at tention. Notices of all improvements in the culture of the earth —rearing of stock—domestic economy, and every thing in which the husbandman takes cither pride or pleasure, shall have its allotted place in our columns. ! This Department is under tho charge of MR. CIIAS. A. PEABODY , the well known and successful Planter, Horticulturist and Florist, of this vi cinity. He will, in addition to the ap propriation of the valuable labors of others, give our readers the result of | his own~~Bractienl experience in farm-