Newspaper Page Text
MAKING PEA VINE HAY.
The editor of the American Cotton Planter and
Soil, in answer to a query, “How to make Pea
Vine Hay,” replies as follows: The pea is,
practically, the clover of the South We esteem
the pea as one of the very best hay plants
known to the Southern planters. The very best
hay that we have ever used, we have made of
pea vines; the common “cow-pea,” the “redrip
per,” Ac. For the purpose of making hay the peas
may be sowed either broadcast or in the drill.—
Os course the great object of the planter will be,
in sowing peas for hay, to pursue such course
as will always enable him to grow a heavy crop
on the ground. Like all other hay plants, there
is a best time for cutting the pea vines to make
hay. That best time is when the plants have a
large number of the pods, in appearance near
grown, but before any of them are ripe and dry,
and before any of the leaves begin to fall off.—
At this stage of the growth, the vines should be
cut with a good mowing blade. I prefer cutting
them up. The root containing woody fibre,
dries hard, and stock cannot eat it.
The proper way to make good hay of the pea
vines, is to have hands follow along directly after
those mowing, and take up the cut vines and
put them in close and compact cocks, about the
size and height of a common flour barrel. In
this condition they will cure finely in three or
four days, and may be removed either to the
barn or stack, when all the leaves and fruit
will bo saved sweet and in good condition for
stock. Let it be distinctly borne in mind that
the vines mu-st not be put up wet either by rain or
dew. Indeed it is essential to success that they
bo cut dry and put up before getting wet, and
also before too much willed by the sun.
This is a subject of the first importance. We
are prompted to this assertion by many years ob
servation on the evil effects of “fodder-pulling,”
only another, but destructive mode of hay
making. We have said it before, and we
again repeat, that the blades of our Indian corn
should be allowed to dry upon the stalk, that
the grain in the ear of corn might be ripened and
fully perfected. As further confirmation, we
furnish tho result of an experiment made by Mr.
Geo. Seaborn, of South Carolina. Now if we
dispense with the injurious practice of making
hay by “ fodder-pulling,” we must make hay of
pea vines, of red clover, or of our native grass.
There is no fact better established than that we
can make better hay and cheaper, and with less
injury to the health of our hands, out of pea vines
and our native grasses, than by pulling the
blades off our corn. The difficulty and only ob
stacle with us is the blind prejudice and custom
inherited from our fathers. The corn cannot
part with the blades safely before it is ripe and
entirely hard, and when the grain is thus ripe
every planter well knows that the blades make
but very “trashy fodder.”— Rural Register.
—
MANNER OF MILKING.
From an article on tho “ Dairy” in the Irish
Fanner's Gazette, we make the following ex
tract :
“The manner of milking exerts a more pow
erful and lasting influence on the productiveness
of the cow than most farmers are aware of. —
That a slow and careless milker soon dries up
tho best of cows, every practical farmer and dai
ryman knows. The first requisite of a good
milker is, of course, udder cleanliness. Without
this the milk is unendurable. The udder should,
therefore, be carefully cleaned before the milk
ing commences. Tho milker may begin gradu
ally and gently, but should steadily in<»ouo« the
rapidity of the operation till the udder is emp
tied, using a pail sufficiently large to hold all,
without the necessity of changing. Cows are
very sensitive, aud the pail cannot be changed,
nor can the milker stop or rise during tho pro
cess of milking without leading the cow more
or less to withhold her milk. The utmost care
should be taken to strip to the last drop, and to
do it rapidly, and not in a slow and negligent
manner, which is sure to have its effect on the
yield of the cow. If any milk is left, it is re
absorbed into the system, or else becomes
caked, and diminishes the tendency to secrete
a full quantity afterwards. If gentle and mild
treatment is observed and persevered in, the op
eration of milking appears to be one of pleas
ure to the animal, as it undoubtedly is, but if an
opposite course is pursued—if, at every restless
movement, caused, perhaps, by pressing a sore
teat, tho animal is harshly spoken to —she will
be likely to learn to kick as a habit, and it will
be difficult to overcome it afterwards. To in
duce quiet and readiness to give down the milk
freely, it is better that the cows should be fed at
milking-time with cut food, or roots, placed with
in their easy reach. The same person should
milk tho same cow regularly, and not change
from one to another, unless there are' special
reasons for it.”
Modern Modes of Farming. —Perhaps in no
branch of the sciences has there been greater
improvements in the past few years than in agri
culture. In fact, from being a pursuit in which
a few general principles only were acted upon,
it has become a pure science. Agricultural
chemistry has come to tho relief of the farmer.
It has given him a reason fordoing many things
which he only did, because such was the cus
tom. It has told him how land can be cultiva
ted, so as to preserve its strength while yielding
bountifully, and how land which has been worn
out by successions of the same crop, can be re
novated. It has told him that, by following
certain rules, the result of scientific research,
certain effects will be produced, and land made
to yield far more than it did under the old sys
tem of cultivation. The farmer has discovered
that, while it was a poor business to till the
earth negligently, under the system of high farm
ing, as it is termed, his profits are greatly in
creased. The full benefits of improved Agricul
ture, however, are yet to be felt in this country.
—
The Farmer’s Wife. —ls there any position
a mother can covet for her daughter, more glo
rious than to be the wife of an honest, indepen
dent, happy farmer, in a country like this? To
be the wife of one who is looked up to by the
neighbors as one whose example may be safely
followed—one whose farm is noted far and near
as a model of neatness and perfection of cultiva
tion ? To be the mistress of a mansion all her
own, that may be the envy of every passer-by,
because it is neat and comfortable —a sweet and
lovely cottage home. To be the angel that flits
through the garden, bidding flowers bloom and
twining roses and honey-suckles around the
bed-room, or sweetening their fragrance with
her sweetest smiles; or spreading the snow-cloth
beneath the old oak at the door to welcome her
husband as he returns from his toil; or ever
tipping the cradlo with her foot, as she plies the
dasher with her hand, or busily moves the nee
dle, at the same time humming a joyous song of
Praise that she is the happy and fondly-beloved
wife of an American farmer—one of the true
noblemen of this free country—one that should
by rights rank as the pride and glory of
America.
SOtrTOKS&ST VX3BO Ml VX&3SBX9S.
MR. MECHTS ANNUAL GATHERING.
On Saturday, about 400 gentlemen interested
in the success of agriculture assembled, accord
ing to custom, at Mr. Mechi’s Model Farm at
Tiptree Heath, Essex, and had the opportunity
of witnessing what can be done by a liberal ex
penditure of capital, followed up by untiring en
ergy and zeal. A few years since and the spot
which now marks this farm was a heath, hardly
capable of producing a blade of- nourishing
Grass. Mr. Mechi, finding his land of the poor
est description, set to work in earnest, and in a
short time had his farm thoroughly drained, the
hedges knocked down, the land added to Ins
fields, and nearly every tree stubbed up. All
this has, however, not been done at once. Mr.
Mechi has had much to contend with, as will be
seen from a lecture he recently gave, when he
said “ Vainly did I try by solid manures to ren
der this vile plastic clay into a useful pasture.
It was like bird-lime in winter and cast-iron in
summer; poor, indigenous, and drab-colored
Grasses, choked aud eradicated the finer kinds
I had sown, and the animals wandered about
hollow and dissatisfied. Now fine and fatten
ing grasses clothe the field with perpetual ver
dure, and it keeps three times as many animals
and the close and shaven pasture indicates their
affection for it.” The manure which is used at
Tiptree is liquified, and underground pipes are
laid throughout the farm, with plugs at inter
vals for the hose to be placed in and the manure
distributed.
Shortly after the bulk of the company had ar
rived, they proceeded with Mr. Mechi to view the
farm and stock. The Wheat, Barley and Oat
are all that could be wished, and the Mangold
Wurtzel and other root crops seemed to be in
excellent condition. If one could be permitted
to form an estimate applying to the county at
large from Mr. Mechi’s farm, we are promised a
most abundant harvest. The cattle, pigs, sheep,
and other live stock were healthy and clean.—
But his stock is reduced in quantity; and as bad
times found him adventurous, good times and
high prices induce him to realise.
Not the least attractive part of the day’s pro
ceeding wos the exhibition of new agricultural
implements. A machine for thinning root crops,
very simple in its construction, was pronounced
successful. A ponderous machine, the inven
tion of the Earl of Dundonald, for cutting up
the ground and putting down pipes for draining
purposes, also attracted some share of attention.
Hussy’s reaping machine, as made by Dray <fc
Co., was tried upon some wheat, a portion of
which was very much laid, and the result was
so satisfactory that several orders were given
on the spot. The principal alterations made in
its construction are the skeleton blade and tho
tilting platform—subjects of two separate pat
ents. The knives are made to assume an out
line instead of a solid form ; this only affords an
egress for the rubbish, but having four cutting
edges instead of two, it completely minces any
weedy material which would otherwise hang to
it; and thus renders choking or clogging an im
possibility.
Messrs. Dray & Co. also exhibited an improv
ed Grass and grain separator, which is referred
to in our report of Carlisle.
The inspection of the crops and farmyards
over, the company repaired to a large marquee,
and partook of a cold collation. Mr. Mechi pre
sided, and was supported on his right by the
Lord Mayor, and on his left by the Marquis of
Drogheda. Among the company present we
noticed tho Earl of Essex, Mr. D. Waddington,
M. P., Mr. Bass, M. P., Mr. Apsley Pellatt, M.
p. x-o-, a— an usual lujal ain l conetitwttonol
toasts having been received with enthusiasm,
the Chairman proposed the “ Bishop and Clergy
of the Diocese, coupling with it the name of the
Rev Mr. Sidney.” (Cheers.)
The Rev. E. Sidney in reply said, that when a
few years ago he held an appointment in the
county of Norfolk, and was then surrounded
with a number of practical farmers, he first turn
ed his attention to the subject of the diseases of
Wheat. The more he looked into the subject,
the more convinced was he that science must be
brought to the aid of agriculture, aud as a proof
of that he need only refer them to the beautiful
farm which they that day had inspected. And
here he might mention that when a few years
since a prize was offered for the best essay on
the subject, so little was known of it that when
the council read over (lie papers that had been
sent'in they refused to accept either of them.—
Upon going through the fields that day, he had
observed that some of tho ears were diseased.
Now that disease was an infliction of an insect,
but it looked very much like the work of fungi.
That insect was known to them as the midge.—
If they went into the fields in June, just before
sunset and examined the Wheat, they would
discover a little straw-colored insect, which left
its eggs, which were hatched and destroyed the
grain. They were in turn destroyed by the ich
neumon. In threshing, the chaff’ contained the
midge, and should be destroyed.
The Earl of Essex proposed the health of their
worthy host (loud cheers). Among the 350 gen
tlemen whom he saw around him, there might
be some among them who did not coincide with
all Mr. Mechi’s views on agriculture generally,
but he would take it for granted that they were
all admirers of that gentleman, and that they
looked upon the work in which he was engaged
as one which would tend to promote the happi
ness of mankind. Mr. Mechi was one of those
who, when he had undertaken a work which he
considered right and proper, if he fulled to suc
ceed in it the first year, did not tamely give in.
He thought the agriculturists should show them
selves grateful to those tradesmen who, having
beeu successful in other trades, invested their
surplus earnings in developing the full powers
of the land of their conntry. Mr. Mechi, by his
experiments and patience, had set himself up as
a beacon to show them the quicksands which
they ought to avoid ; and on the other liqnd his
conduct was an incitement to others to follow
out his experiments. In such a light they ought
to look upon him, and as he was a man who de
sired well of his country, he should call upon
them to drink his health with three times three
cheers.
Mr. Mechi, on rising, was received with loud
cheers, which were several times renewed. He
said if he were a vain man, they would most as
suredly spoil him. When he first turned his at
tention to farming, he looked at it in the same
light that he should any other matter of busi
ness where there was room for improvement,
and he could only say that he did no more than
he would in taking any other business. Having
purchased this-and other farms, he turned his
attention to whether they would or would not
prove a profitable investment, and he set to work
to find out what was wanted, and he soon as
certained that the great bulk of his property
wanted draining, good roads, deeper cultivation,
more manure, aud more integrity in its manage
ment. He should ne er forget the time when
he first went over the Tiptree property. It was
on a 25th of September; the day was wet. the
land being part light and part bog was very
much like bird-lime, and the more he walked,
the deeper he got into it, and then he felt that it
wasastate of things that was not at all satis-
factory. The tenant said the land was very poor,
and that he could not afford to pay for improve
ments, so he determined to make them himself.
He had at the outset made some errors of a
practical nature ; but they were all corrected
now. No clay was so stiff’ but that it could be
amended, and if it was yellow clay, let them
make a good deep fallow, and exposo it to the
light and air. lie told them not to put too
much seed in the ground: all he put was one
bushel per acre. He was happy to say that this
year he should make a very large profit by his
crop. He said this in no vain, boasting spirit,
for he knew the difference between 80s. and 40s.
per quarter, but he made all his improvements
when corn was cheap, and when, at the same
time, labor was cheap He was of opinion that
the great future of agriculture lay in the further
development of steam power, and although the
steam plow had been pronounced a failure, he
believed that it was a very triumphant beginning.
He would venture to predict that steam would
yet be the great motive power of agriculture,
and there was high hope for it in the name of
steam. Having given some details of the com
parative powers of steam with that of horses,
taking for his data the reports of that valuable
society, tho Royal Agricultural Society of En
gland, ho stated that it was sheer folly to place
the two in competition together, and concluded
by thanking the company for the honor they had
done him in drinking liis health.
Other toasts having been given and respond
ed to, the assemblage separated, highly pleased
with the day’s proceedings. — London Agricultu
ral Gazette.
■ M
NAPOLEON AS A FARMER.
Louis Napoleon farms very extensively. In
addition to the farms on the Crown lands and
on estates which liavo been acquired for him in
Sologrne and Landes, he occupies, as tenant of
the State, a vast tract in Champagne. At the
present time the extent of land farmed by the
Emperor is about 50,000. The extent may be
increased considerably at any time by reclaim
ing lands in his possession, but not in cultiva
tion. The number of farms is twenty-six, and
nine additional farms are to be formed in the
course of the year and incoming Spring, thus
making thirty-five farms. Tho number of new
steadings and those in course of erection is
twenty. Besides the lands farmed, there are
grazings in the domains or parks of St. Cloud,
Versailles, Madon, St. Germaine, Champagne,
Fontainbleau, Biarritz, Senart, Vincennes, Ac.
Portions of these are in grass and portions are
in forest. In addition to the estates at Sologne
and Landes, the Emperor has purchased a prop
erty in tho south of France, near to Bayonne,
consisting of 2,500 acres, which is being drain
ed and put under cultivation. The lands were
originally a morass; part is still ta reclaim.
It is understood that after the estate has been
thoroughly improved, it will be presented by the
Emperor to the present Minister for Foreign Af
fairs, Count Walewski. In the centre of the
barren lands of Bretagne, the cousin of the Em
peror, Princess Baciochi, is reclaiming an ex
tensive estate out of heath. The whole lands
farmed by the Emperor are being reclaimed and
cultivated upon the systems the best suited for
the character of the soils, climates and situa
tions. These farms are in different parts of
France, and chiefly in the less improved dis
tricts.
Early Fattening of Animals. —The philoso
phy of increaso of fat in animals is, that the di
gested RjoU not nopded to supply waste in the
system, is laid up in the form of fat around tire
muscles, ready to bo absorbed again into the
circulation if needed'. Waste is induced by ex
ercise, or use of the muscles, and also by com
bustion in the lungs, of the digested food, to
supply animal heat. Hence, the same amount
of food given in warm weather will, if digested,
afford a greater surplus of fat than when fed in
cold weather. Hogs or other animals intended
for fattening should be shut up this month,
(September.) Many advocate making the size
of the fattening pen so small that the animal
will have but just room to stand or lie. While
confinement favors rest and a disposition to fat
ten, too close quarters are not healthful for the
animal, which needs moderate exercise to pro
mote digestion The quality of the flesh pro
duced must be somewhat impaired by any con
finement that interferes with the health. The
appetite may be kept up by change of food, a
frequent supoly of green vegetables, such as
corn, cabbage-leaves, pea-vines, and the refuse
of the garden. Cooked food digests much more
easily than raw, and is in a condition to yield
more nourishment, and is also better relished by
most kinds of stock. Cleanliness in the fatten
ing pens should not be overlooked. Although
pigs proverbially are filthy, they are not really
so; they do not delight in the effluvia of their
own droppings, as any one can see by noticing
that they generally appropriate one portion of
the pen to filth. An occasional washing and
scrubbing with soap-suds will conduce much
to their thrift—all animals keep in condition
more easily when the skin is kept clean and
healthy.
—
To Cure Hard Pulling Horses. — A writer
in the London Field, thus describes a remedy
for hard pulling horses:
“ Put a curb chain inside the mouth, from
hook to hook, instead of out. How or why it
acts with such considerable effect, I know not,
but at times it utterly puts an end to over-pul
ling. To stop a runaway horse, or render the
most pulling brute quiet and playful with his bit,
get a double plan snaffle, rather thick and hea
vy, the joints rather open—cut an old curb chain
in half, and let it hang down from the bottom
snaffle joint. When the brute offers to pull or
bolt, instantly merely drop your hand ; of course
the curb chain will drop between his front teeth,
and should the beast savage it—if any of your
correspondents wish to try the effect on them
selves, they have only to place a nut between
their front teeth and try to crack it—they will
soon understand the vast difference between
pleasure and pain. So does the horse, and in a
short time he will play with the very thing he
before tried to savage, and in tho end become,
from a vicious brute, a playful and good mouth
ed animal."
There are seven reasons why farmers
are healthier than professional men, viz:
1. They work more and develop all the lead
ing muscles of the body.
2. They take their exercise in the open air
and breath a great amount of oxygen.
3. Their food and drinks are commonly less
adulterated and far more simple.
4. They do not overwork their brain as much
as industrious professional men.
5. They tako their sleep commonly during
the hours of darkness, and do not try to turn
day into night.
6. They are not so ambitious and do not wear
themselves out so rapidly in the contest of rival
ry.
7. Their pleasures are simple and less ex
hausting.
COMMERCIAL.
AUGUSTA MARKET.
COTTON.—We had an active trade in cotton tLe past week,
and prices continued regular. The sales, so far as h ive been
reported to us, were 7,205 bales, and the reoeirts 10,284 bales.
It may be proper to remark, in this connection, that there are,
very frequently, large sales in our market which :.re not re
ported, and we think it likely the sales last week were fully
equal to the receipts, and the shipments about equal to th ‘
quantity received, leaving the stock on hand about what it was
on the lstinst.
The class of cotton now comingforward averages from Strict
to Good Middling, and we notice wry little, if any, of low
quality, »r of the "adul crateu” sort, with dust or sand inter
mixed. If much of the inferior grades have been gathered,
the planters very sensibly keep it at home. There is no de
mand, at present, in any market of the world, for low des
criptions of cotton, at p:!ees which would warrant gathering,
ginning, packing, transportation. Insurance, commit,ions. and
otiier charges incident to the sale of such cottons. It It possi
ble that a demand may arise for low qualities and dusty des
criptions, but it has not jet < ccurred; but, on the contrary,
buyers in all markets repudiate all such.
Crop.— The increased receipts of the present crop, ever last
year, at the same time, may be stated in round numbers at one
hundred thousand bales, and the increased stock ateighty-flve
thousand bales. The season has been favorable for opening
and picking, and the lndicatiors favor the opinion ol a very
large crop, and at least 4,000,0 >0 hales. If the peace of Europe
is not affected by the political changes whb h appear to be go.
ing forward, commercial confidence will be maintained, ard
price? for cotton continue stealy and remunerative. Every
year the demand for American cotton increases, and, within
the past few years, the demand has kept pace with production,
and fair prices been maintained. With a l rge crop—a crop
exceeding the lust by several bundled thousand ba'es—we do
not anticipate any reduction in prices. The com nercial and
manufacturing interests, hrwever, want good in rchantable
cotton, and we have no idea (bat any undue quantity of that
can be brought forward this season to reduce present prices.
Os course.all business men expect slight fluctuations in values
—such a contingency is incident to all trading operatio-s, where
an active demand for pressing wants n ay slightly advance, or
where a dull market may partially depress prices. An active
demand, at any time, is substantially equivalent to Si cent ad
vance, as a dull market is tantamount to X cent decline.
Holders may npoit the market unchanged, but they elevate
or depress their classifications so as to answer their purposes.
Forins'ance, in a brisk market, Strict Middling descriptions
are classed as Good M Iddiings, and in a dull market, the same
quality of cotton, to effect sales, is regarded as barely Strict
Middling. We believe this custom prevails in all markets;
and, although quotations may be reported unchanged, it is not
so with classifications.
PROVISIONS There is a good t emand for Bacon at our
quotations, and the market closes firm.
BREADSTUFFS.—Flourhasslightly advanced, but the
demand is most iy for home consumption. Our quotations arc
altered to suit the present rates. Cora is firm, in consequence
of the present scarcity. It is readily selling from wagons at
90 cents, dollvere I, and on the ear. Sacked Cora, by whole
sale, may be quoted from 95c. to 81, and at retail from tl 05
to *1 10.
GROCERIES There Is a bilsk demand for all the leading
articles in the grocery trade, and our dealers are kept busy.
Stocksare large and Inviting, and the business of the season
unusually flattering.
We have no change to report In other articles.
For latest quotations of Cotton Market,
see eighth page of this number.
Commercial Intelligence—Per America.
Liverpool Cotton Market. —[From the Broker's < ircular.}—
The market showed an advancing tendency, particularly tor
all dean descriptions, owing to their scarcity. On Midulirg
qualities of American, particularly of ew Orleans and Mo
bile, there had neen an advance or %<\. The sales of the week
of all descriptions, footed up 58.800 bales, of which speculators
took 2,500 bales and exporters 8,000, the market closing steady.
The sales on Friday footed up 8,000 bales, of which 2.000 were
for speculation and export. The market closed steady at the
following uthorised quotations: New Orleans Fair ; dit
to, Middling 7 3-16; Mobile Fair 7K: ditto. Middling 7 ; Up
land Fair 7% : ditto MU dling 6 1116.
The stock of cotton in port, ate rding to the last weekly re
turns. footed up 519,000 bales, of wh.ch 372,000 were of Ameri
can descriptions.
Manchester Markets.— The advices from Manchester were
unfavorable, especially for India goods, which had a down
ward tt*ndei cv.
Havre Mirkets —Cotton advancing: particularly the Fair
and M iddling qualities. The sales of the week, including the
Uth. foot up 9,500 bales. New Orleans Tres Ordinaire 115 f.,
ditto. Bus It sf. The stock In port was 44.000 hales. Wheat
of all sorts had declined considerably. Ashes dull and pi Ices
weak. Coffee firm. Oils inactive, but unchanged In price.
Bice firm. Sugar dull. Lard Arm, but duh. Whalebone tu
nc We.
Financial The London Money Market was slightly more
stringent, hut the supply w s abundant. The bullion in the
Boik of England had decreased, since last weekly return,
£339,000.
Consols clo®ed on Friday at for money and acc' unt.
The Latest.—Liverpool. Saturday Afternoon—Cotton.—
£ales to-day 8,000 bales, of which ],600 bales were lor specula
tion and export. Market closed steady. Breadstuff* quiet,
but steady. Provisions dull.
London, Baturd y Afternoon —[By Telegraph.l—Consols
95%@96 for money and account; the market closing dull.
AUGUSTA PRICES CURRENT.
WHOLESALE PRICES.
BACON.—Hams *Vs 11 @ 14
Clear Sides * !1> 12)4@ is
Rib Sides *lb 11)4® 12
Shoulders if< ft 8)q«j, 9
BAGGING—Gunny * vard... IS)4@ 15
BEESWAX *ft 30 @ S 5
BUTTER.—Goshen *tb 23 @ 25
Country *1 ft 15 @ 22
BRlCK—Building Brick * 10b0... @ 7 00
Paving Brick * 1000... @ 8 00
Pressed Brick V 1000... @2O 00
Well Brick * 1000... @ 9 00
CANDLES.—Adamantine *ft 20 @ 24
Chemical Sperm 1R ft 83 @ 85
Pure do *ft 43 @ 60
Patent Sperm Vft 56 @ 60
CHEESE.—Northern White Vft 12 @ 12K
English Dairy *ft 18 @ 14
COFFEE —Rio *ft 11 X@ 18
Laguira *lb 13 @ 14
Java Vft 17 @ IS
CEMENT 1R bb1.... 2 25 @ 2 50
Plaster * bb1.... 8 25 @ 8 60
DOMESTIC GOODS—Yarns * yard... 95 @1 CO
% Shirting, Brown * yard... 4 & 6
X Shirting. “ * yard... 6)4® IX
1 Shirting, “ V vard... 8 @ 10
5- Shirting, “ * yard... 10 @ 14
6- Shirting. •• V yard... 12>4@ 162 f
Fine Sea Island Shirting it yard... 8 @ 12
Osuahurgs * yard... 10 @ 11
Drillings * yard.— 8 @ 10
FEATHERS 4* ft *43 @ 45
FLOUR—Tennessee Extra Family* bb1.... 7 00 @ 7 25
Extra Superfine * bb1.... 6 50 @ 6 75
Te nesat-eSuperfine it bb1.... 6 00 @ 6 25
Granite Mills, Extra Family....* bb1.... 7 50 @ 8 00
“ *• Extra * bb1.... 675 @7 00
" •• ISuperflne * bb1.... 650 @6 15
Carmichael Mills, Extra Family* bb1.... 7 50 @ 7 75
•• •* Extra * bb1.... 7t« @7 25
“ “ Superfine....* bb1.... 650@ 675
Paragon Mills, Extra Family....* bb1.,.. 7 60 @ 8 00
“ “ Superfine * bb1.... 6 00 @6 60
GRAIN.—Corn, with sacks * busn... 95 @1 06
Wheat, white, new * bush... 1 15 @ 1 25
Wheat.red, new * bush... 1 10 @ 1 15
Oats * bush... 80 @ 90
Kj’e * bush... 1 40
Peas * bush... 95 @1 00
Corn Meal, Country ground * bush... 90 @ 95
GUNPOWDER—Dupont’s * keg.... 6 60 @ 7 00
Hazard * keg.... 650 @7(O
Blasting * keg.... 5 00 @ 5 25
HAY—N. rtLeru * 100.... 140 @1 60
Eastern * 100.... 1 75 @ 2 00
HIDES *ft 13 @ 14
IRON Swedes *ft 5)4®
English * ft SX& 4X
LARD *ft 12 @ 18
LEAD—Bar * ft @ 8
LlME—Country * b0x.... 1 25 @ 1 55
Northern * bb1.... 1 75 @ 2 00
LUMBER * 1000....12 00 @l4 00
MOLASSES—Cuba * ga1.... 28 @ 80
Golden Syrup *gal.... 60 @ 65
NewUrleansSyrup * ga1.... 44 @ 60
NAILS * ft 4 @ 4X
OILS Sperm,prime * ga1.... 200 @2 25
Lamp * ga1.... 1 10 @ 1 25
Train * ga1.... 75 @1 00
Linseed * ga1.... 1 00 @ 1 10
Castor * ga1.... 2 00 @ 2 25
RICE * ft 4)4@ 5
ROPE—llandspun *ft 8 @ 8)4
Machine *ft 9 @ 10
RAISINS * b0x.... 3 60 @4 00
SPlßlTS.—Northern Gin..... *gal.... 45 @ 58
Rum * ga1.... 46 @ 60
N.O. Whisky * ga1.... 38 @ 8f
Peach Brand}’, old * ga1.... 1 76 @ 2 50
" “ new * ga1.... I 00 @ 1 25
Pure Cider Brandy, old * ga1.... 1 60 ® 1 75
Apple Brandy, new *gal.... 75 @125
Axt’s Dry Catawba Wine, 1856..* ga1.... @lO 75
“ “ “ “ 1857..* ga1.... @8 75
Holland Gin * ga1.... 1 50 @ 1 75
Cognac Brandy * ga1.... 8 00 @ 6 00
Longworth’s Cstawba Brandy..* d0t?.... @l2 75
Longworth’s Wines *d0z...8 75 @l4 25
SUGARS—N. Orleans *ft 7)4@ »X
Porto Rico *» 7H@ 9>4
Muscovado * ft 6 X& IX
Loaf *ft 12X@ 18)4
Crushed *ft JJX@ }]H
Powdered *ft 11S<@ 11)4
Refined Coffee A * » 10M@ 10)4
Do. do. B * » 10X@ 10)4
Do. do. O * » H>
SALT * sack.... 1 15 @ 1 25
BOAP—Yellow *ft « @ 8
STARCH *®> 7)4® 8
WlNE—Hemp Bagging *ft 20 @ 22)4
Cotton Wrapping *ft 28 @ 37)4
THE HOG POPULATION OF CINCINNATI.
What crocodiles were in Egypt, what cows
are in Bengal, or storks in Holland, pigs are in
Cincinnati, with this trifling difference, their sa
credness of character lasts but as long as their
mortal coil; and this is abbreviated without cer
emony, and from the most worldly motives. In
life, the pig, if free, is honoured; he ranges the
streets, he reppses in thoroughfares, he walks
beneath your horse’s legs, or your own; he is
everywhere respected ; but let the thread of his
existence be severed, and, shade of Mahomet,
what a change 1 They think in Cincinnati of
nothing but makiDg the most of him. How
many of his kind perish annually to cement the
vast prosperity of the city of hogs can scarcely
be told. About 20 years ago Cincinnati contain
ed only one fifth of its existing population. A
few bold speculators began the trade. Selecting
the hams and sides of animals, they made pick
led pork ; of the rest they took small account.
Soon, however, the idea occurred to one more
acute than his fellows, that the head and feet—
nay, even tbo spine and vertebrae —might be
turned to account; trotters and cheeks had their
partisans, and these parts looked up in the mar
ket. About this time the makers of sausages
caught tho inspiration. They found these luxu
ries salable, and so many pigs were to be slaugh
tered that the butchers were willing to do it for
nothing; that is to say, for the perquisite of the
entrails and offal alone. The next step was due
to tho genius of Franco. A Frenchman estab
lished a brush manufactory, and created a mar
ket for the bristles, but his ingenuity was out
done by one of his countrymen, who soon after
arrived. This man was determined, it seems, to
share the spoil; and, thinking nothing else left,
col'ected the fine hair or wool, washed, dried,
and combed it, and stuffed mattresses with' it.
But he was mistaken in thinking nothing else
left. As but little was done with the lard, they
invented machines, and squeezed oil of it; the
refuse they threw away. Mistaken men again.
This refuse was the substance of stearino can
dles, and made a fortune to the discoverer of
the secret. Lastly came one who could press
chemistry to the service of mammon; he saw
the blood of countless swine flow through the
gutters of the city ; it was all that was left of
them, but it went to his heart to see it thrown
away : he pondered long, and then, collecting
tho stream into reservoirs, made prussiate of
potash from it by the ton. The pig was thus
used used up, and nothing else was left to turn
to profitable account. A large trade is carried
on in sausage-skins; the entrails and bladders
fetch a good price. The congealed grease, form
ing the lard of commerce, is in extensive use
for culinary purposes, for perfumery, ointments,
salves, Ac. The oil expressed from lard is chief
ly used for burning, for lubricating machinery,
and generally as a substitute for olive and other
oils. — Mr. P. L. Siminonds, in the London Quar
terly Journal of Agriculture.
A Sound Belief.—An exchange says : We
believe in small farms and thorough cultivation.
We believe that soil loves to eat, as well as its
owner, and ought, therefore, to be manured. —
We believe in large crops, which leave the land
better than they found it—making both the far
mer and the farm rich at once. We believe in
going to the bottom of a thing, and, therefore,
in deep plowing, and, enough of it. All the
better if with a subsoil plow. We believe that
every farmer should own a good farm. We be
lieve that every fertilizer of any soil, is a spirit
of industry, enterprise and intelligence—with
out this, lime and bones and green manure, marl
and guano will be of little use. Y(e believe in
good fences, good barns, good farmhouses, good
stock, good orchards, and children enough to
gather the fruit. Wo firmly disbelieve in far
mers that will not improve ; in farms that grow
poorer every year ; in starveling cattle ; in far
mers’ boys turning clerks, and merchants ; in
farmers’ daughters unwilling to work, and in all
farmers ashamed of their vocation, or who drink
whiskey till honest people are ashamed of them.
■■
Preserving Seed Corn.—Farmers who grow
but a few acres of corn should not fail of preser
ving the seed in the good old way our fathers
did, and if those who grow large fields of it will
do the same, it will pay them well. We go in
for following the old track where it was a good
one.
Select the largest and most perfect ears, tho
earliest ripe should have the preference, and
this can be decided by the hardness and dryness
of the husks as well in October as any time —
strip off all but three or four husks, braid from
ono to two dozen ears in a bunch, and hang in
some cool, dry, well ventilated place, till plant
ing time. If tlie crop is late, and the cobs
at harvest time, it may be well to hang the
bunches in the kitchen for a few days, but not
otherwise. Corn that is to be used for seed
should never be subjected to the least heat or
mould on the barn floor, or in the stack. Indeed
no corn should, not even that for the hogs ; but
special care should be taken to keep the corn
designed for seed, dry and cool, no matter how
cool, if the cob is sufficiently free of moisture not
to freeze.
—~—
Rats in Illinois. —Parts of Illinois arc so ter
ribly infested with rats, that the Logan county
agricultural society has offered three premiums
of SSO, SBO and S2O for the three largest ex
hibitors of rat scalps at the Fair. A great many
persons are competing for the prize, and the
show promises to be large and interesting, Mr.
Gordon of Kickapoo Creek, has already secured
1,113 scalps, and intends running the number
up to fifteen hundred before the Fair I
There is no calling under heaven half so en
nobling as that of the Farmer. Tho patriarch
of the field, as he sits beside the cottage door
when his dady toil is over, feels an inward calm
never known in the halls of pride or the Court
of Appeals. Where else can we look but to
the productions of the soil for safety of invest
ment and for an ample return ? In commercial
speculations all is chance and uncertainty,
change and fluctuation, rise and fall. In mer
cantile life scarcely one in ten can avoid even
bankruptcy. But with the tiller of the soil,
how different! As long as God is good and
nature punctual, so long is he insured a life of
plenty, happiness and health.
—
Curing Green Beans for Winter Use. —
Pick good, tender, sweet string beans, cut them
into pieces, about three quarters of an inch in
length, throw them into boiling water, let them
stand five minutes; then, having the oven heat
ed just hot enough to avoid burning the beans,
spread on tin or earthern dishes, set them into
the oven, and let them remain there until per
fectly dry, when they should bo put up in small
bags and hang in a cool dry place. When you
wish to cook a mess of com and beans, put them
to soak over night in warm water, and cook
them as usual.
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