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brighter and better color than that which grew
where they had not been applied. He had ap
plied them in the same proportion as Mr. Car
gey-
Mr. Cargev said he had recommended the ap
plication to many of his neighbors, but they
were afraid to use the same quantity of salt as
he had done, so that they had not tried the ex
periment in its integrity. He had seen wheat
mildew both on land to which the lime and salt
had been applied and on land to which it had
not been applied. In the latter case the wheat
had suffered permanently, but in tho former it
had ripened off as bright as possible. Many of
his neighbors had used 4 or 5 ewt. of salt, but he
had never known the proportion he had named
make the land stiffen
— hi
INDIAN CORN—ITS PRODUCT AND RESULTS.
(From the Cincinnati Gazette, October 15th.)
To an observer of the agriculture and climate
of the United States, it is quite evident that
com is the most important produce of land in
this country. Estimating, as we may fairly do,
the aggregate crop of 1859 at nine hundred mil
lions of bushels , and the price at an average of
forty cents, (and it is probably more,) the corn
crop is worth three hundred and sixty millions of
dollars— considerably more than double that
of the cotton crop, (of which so much is said,)
and of much greater relative importance to the
comfort and subsistence of the people. It is
time that the Western people should know
something of their own products and interests.
In this year (1859) if it were not for Indian
com there would be almost a famine in the
land. But that product is abundant, and
enters into so many departments of food and
convenience that it stands in place of the
deficiency in other crops. It fattens hogs, it fat
tens cattle, it enters into the food of man and
makes the basis of the profitable though danger
ous commerce in manufactured liquors. In 1858
there were 700000 hogs killed in Ohio,and in some
form exported. It required eight million bushels of
com, besides other food, to fatten them. This
com made the pork, lard, lard-oil, candles, Ac.,
which were exported from Cincinnati and other
ports. Ten millions of bushels were made into
whiskey. Two or three millions more made fat
cattle; and thus the surplus com of Ohio was
manufactured into various forms of food, light
and liquor. In this there was the treble profit
of the farmer, merchant and manufacturer, all
realized in one community. The fact that Cin
cinnati concentrates the results of this triple
operation is no small element in her prosperity.
Twenty millions of dollars per annum will not
cover the commercial operations of Cincinnati
arising from the single article, Indian com. To
have a good crop—which in this region is gene
rally the case—is of vast importance to this
community.
The crop of this year, we have reason to be
lieve, is abundant, but probably not greater, if
as much, as in 1857. Taking several years to
gether, the crops of corn in the Ohio Valley
States rapidly increase; especially so in the
States of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, where the
population increases rapidly. The crop in any
one year must depend on a combination of the
people to cultivate,the adaptation of soil, and the
change of seasons. With the increase of peo
ple, the soil adapted to com (and in these States
it is more than half the whole surface) will be
more and more cultivated- The quantity of
acres planted will of course increase from year
to year; but the average product per acre de
pends much upon the season. This is fully il
lustrated by the Ohio statistics of agriculture.
The following table of four years’ cultivation
of Indian com in Ohio will exhibit the relation
of surfaces and averages in the periods of large
and small crops:
Crop. Average.
Acres. Bushels. Bushels.
In 1850 1,537,947 56,619,G08 36.8
In 1853 1,836,493 73,436,090 40
In 1855 2,205,282 87,587,434 39.7
In 1858 1,834,138 60,863,582 28
From 1850 to 1855 the number of acres of
com planted increased fifty per cent.; in the ex
traordinary year of 1858 the number of acres
planted decreased eighten per cent., and the av
erage per acre fell still more. The cause was
climatic —arising from the single fact that the
spring rains fell just a month later than usual,
or were enormous in amount. No such course
of events has occurred in Ohio for many years,
if ever. The result was, that a great deal of
land could not be planted, and as a great deal of
com planted could not be ripened, the crop was
the smallest relatively we have ever had in Ohio.
But that very crop demonstrated one thing of
great importance, that the com crop could not
entirely fail without a miracle. In the worst
year we have had, Ohio raised fifty millions of
bushels. If we turn now to the crop of this
year, we find that the planting season was a
good one, and with the exception of the 4th of
June frost, thore has been nothing extraordinary
to interfere with it. There has been neither
drought nor heavy rains. The frost of the 4th
of June did injure corn in some parts of Ohio,
but to no great extent, especially as the great
com region is in the southern part of the State.
We may therefore infer, as indeed all accounts
agree in stating, that in the main the corn crop
of the Ohio Valley is a very good one. If we
inquire what it amounts to, we have the means
of calculating it very nearly. We have the
population which, in some States, like Kentucky,
has not increased as fast as in Ohio and Illinois.
We have the crops of Ohio for a series of years,
and we have the crops of 1840 and 1850 in all
of them. Taking these data as a basis, we esti
mate the corn crop of six States (including Mis
souri) as follows:
Ohio, bushels 80,000.000
Illinois, bushels 75,000,000
Indiana, bushels 65,000,000
Kentucky, bushels 65,000,000
Missouri, bushels 60,000,000
Tennessee, bushels 60,000,000
Aggregate 405,000,000
Ohio has twice raised more than is set down
above. Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri have in
creased rapidly in population. Tennessee and
Kentucky are put down at only a small increase
above their crops in 1850. On the whole, tho
above estimate is by no means too large.
Os the four hundred millions of bushels of
corn raised in these six States two hundred mil
tions will be a surplus for the fattening of hogs
and cattle, the manufacture of whiskey, and ex
portation to tho Atlantic and foreign markets.
The marketable price of articles made from com
and corn exported, (estimating in this case at
New York prices,) will not bo under one hundred
and fifty millions of dollars. This is again the
basis of a vast and profitable trade, carried on
over railroads, lakes, and rivers, making a large
portion of that magnificent internal commerce
which is at once cause and consequence of the
more magnificent growth of this great central
West.
It will be recollected that this is the surplus
of one staple in these six States. Even in this
region alone, comprehending but a seventh part
*B* SOFIK3SRK VXS&I AMD El&K&IBE.
of the surface of the United States, com is of
more importance than the entire cotton crop.
In the Ohio valley com is the peculiar staple.
In this region there is a very large extent of al
luvial valleys and of limestone uplands, both pe
culiarly adapted to this plant, and a climate
whose long summers permit its perfect ripening.
Although com grows over a very wide zone, it
is by no means equally adapted or equally profit
able throughout that zone. In New York the
average of corn is twenty bushels per acre, but
in Ohio it is thirty-four bushels. It follows that,
while corn may be grown in New York or Wis
consin, Florida or Texas, those are not the re
gions in which it is a profitable staple. The
section whose axis is the Ohio river, is the cen
tre of corn growth, where it will be both abun
dant and valuable. While this section is fitted
for all the cereal crops, corn wifi long remain its
main source of agricultural profit. The time is
probably near in which all Europe will be ob
liged to receive com in grain as well as manu
factured.
The present tendency of Europe—as it is in
this country also—is to increase town popula
tions while there are means of feeding them.
London has more than two millions of people,
Liverpool half a million, Paris a million, while
such great manufacturing towns as Manchester,
Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Lyons, Ac., con
tains millions more. These people must be fed,
not merely with broad, but with meat. Wheat
is too fluctuating a crop to depend on altogether;
and even if it could be depended on for bread,
where will they get meat, candles, lard, soap,
oils, Ac. ? England imports cattle from Holland
and eggs from France. But France and Ger
many will soon have not enough for themselves,
unless the increase of the manufacturing popu
lation ceases. Indian corn is the great resource
to answer tho ultimate demand for food, and it
is not improbable that we shall be called upon
to supply that demand to an extent beyond any
thing we have anticipated.
i 0 .
Plowing Prairie Land for Corn.—M. L.
Dunlap, oflllinois, has an interesting article in
tho Chicago Tribune , on the manner of plowing
prairie lands. He advocates early fall plowing
for all crops—for spring, wheat and oats to the
depth of seven or eight inches, sowing on with
out replowing in spring; but for corn, he would
plow very shallow in the fall, “just sufficient to
cover up the weeds and stubble, and to leave a
black surface, that in tho early spring will ab
sorb the rays of the sun and warm up the kril.”
Just before planting, the land should be plowed
again about eight inches deep, turning the rotten
stubble and weeds under, to a good depth,
which leaves the land in much better condition
for the crop than if untouched, or plowed deep
in the fall.
—
Superphosphate of Lime for Trees.—Phos
phoric acid has a mysterious influence on the
development of roots, causing plants to throw
them out vigorously. The most convenient way
of employing this substance is in the form of
superphosphate of lime—that is, a mixture of
oil of vitriol and burnt bones. This compound,
rich in the acid in a soluble state, mixed with a
little dry mold, will be found a fertilizer of great
use in transplanting trees. But it must be used
in moderation, for plants, like animals, may be
injured as much by over-feeding as by starva
tion.—[Scientific American.
Chicken Pie. —Take full-grown chickens, (or
more if they are small,) disjoint them and cut
the back-bone, Ac., as small as convenient. Boil
th«tn -with a sow oliooo of (salt pork, in water
enough to cover them, let them boil quite tender,
then take out the breast bone. After they boil
and the scum is taken oft', put in a little onion,
cut very fine, not enough to taste distinctly, but
just enough to flavor a littie; rub some parsely
very fine when dry, or cut fine when green, this
gives a pleasant flavor; season well with pepper
and salt, and a few ounces of good fresh butter.
When all is cooked well, have liquid enough to
cover the chicken, then beat up two eggs and
stir in, also some sweet cream. Line a five
quart pan with a crust made like soda biscuit,
only more shortening, put in the chicken and
liquid, then cover with a crust the same as the
lining. Bake till the crust is done, and you will
have a good chicken pie.
Blackberry Wine. —To one bushel of black
berries put one gallon of water. Let the com
pound stand for twenty-four hours, at the end
of which, mash and strain the blackberries. To
every gallon of juice put three pounds of sugar:
Set this to ferment, which it will do in about fif
teen days, more or less, according to the tempe
rature of the weather. Bottle up, and keep for
use.
—- im
Gum Arabic Starch. —Put two ounces of
fine gum arabic in a vessel with a pint of boil
ing water, according to the degree of stiffness
you require -, and after covering it carefully, let
it stand all night. In the morning strain it into
a nice bottle, cork it and keep it for use. It is
far preferable to any other starch for giving mus
lin a look of newness.
To Preserve Eggs Fresh a Year. —Mix a
handful of unslaked lime with the same quanti
ty of salt, in three gallons of water; first pack
the eggs, with the small end down, with some
shavings to keep them down, and pour the mix
ture over them; be sure none of them are
cracked.
—
Stewed Apples. —Peel and slice two or three
good-sized apples in a small stew-pan, with a
few cloves, and some lemon or orange-peel, and
let it stew for about one quarter of au hour in
two glasses of white wine. It may be done
while the family are at dinner, and the apples
eat better than in a pie. Thoy should be thrown
into cold water when sliced, to prevent their
becoming dry and discolored. The apples may
be also mixed with pears or plums, and will be
found excellent.
Cool Rooms. —It is asserted in the London
Lancet, that blinds coated with tho following
composition and placed outside the window, are
both sun and rain proof. The greatest heat will
not affect them: “ Boil well together two pounds
of .turpentine, one pound of litharge in powder
and two or three lbs. of linseed oil. The blinds
are to be brushed over with this varnish and
dried in the siin. Umbrellas, light linen coats
and covers of hats may be so treated.
——-
Mead. —This favorite beverage that for cen
turies was the chief libation of northern nations,
is made by dissolving one part of honey in three
of boiling water, flavoring it with spices, and
adding a portion of ground malt, and a piece of
toast steeped in yeast, and allowing the whole
to ferment.
— 11 > - ——
Egg Plant. —Wash the plant with cold wa
ter, boil well; take out the inside, mash and
season with butter, pepper and salt, beat up
three eggs, take crumbles of stale loaf bread,
saucepan with hot lard for frying; send hot to
the table.
COMMERCIAL.
AUGUSTA MARKET.
COTTON.—The receipts of the new crop of cotton hare now
reached about one million of bales, and : omethlng over one
hundred th usand bales In excess ol last year. While this un
usual supply Is coming forward, there Is no flagging In prices
or demand, but on the contrary, the market cantlnuet firm for
all the desirable grades of merchantable cotton. It Is also
well known that the srater courses In the West have not been
In good boating order, and much cotton ready, and waiting for
shipment, has not been brought foiward. A luge crop has
been made, and, without doubt, considerably larger than last
year; but the fear may be reasonably indulged that the crop
will not be more than sufficient to supply the demand. We
think we are within bounds when wi state that the cotton trade
re juirea for manufacturers in—
Great Britain 2,100,000
France, and the UonUncnt 1,200,000
United States 000.000
Total 4,200,000
We have seme doubts, at present, whether Ihe crop will
reach 4,200.000 bales, but we have no doubt whateverthal that
quantity will And a ready market at about the prices current at
this time. It Is, of course, Impossible to tell what troubles
iii the financial and political words of Euiope and America
may occur to affect trade aud confidence, but it ii certain that
manufacturers, spinners and capitalists will tax their powers
to the utmost to depress the piice of cotton. They always
have done so, and we must losk for similar efforts In the fu
ture.
We have had an active cotton market in this city the past
week. The sales reach 7,614 bales, and the receipts 10,443
bales. At the corresponding week list year, the sales were
2,692. and the receipts 8,757 bales.
LIVE STOCK Good tat Tennessee cattle sell at 666J4c.,
net, and North Carolina and Georgia grass fed, fiom 5 to 5Xc.
There Is a good demand for Shoats, and as the weather is low
favorable for salting, we look for the supplies to come forward.
Shoats sell from 8 to 9 cents, net.
GROCERIES.—There Isa fair business being done, and
stocks are ample. Sugar has advanced about a Jfc. V lb., and
we have changed our quotations accordingly.
LARD—There is a good stock of old Lard let unsold, and
we shall soon be In receipt of new. Pices for the old arc nom
inal.
We have no change to note In other articles, and refer gen
erally to our quotations.
For latest quotations of Cotton Market,
see eighth page of this number.
Liverpool t'otton Market.
The Liverpool Timet, of Oct. 29, in its commercial review
of the week, seys : “The greater animation and mere confi
dent tone reported In our last report has not only been fully
supported during the whole of the past week, but we have to
raise our quotations of the M ddling and better qualities of
American cotton from ltd to )4d. * lb,and even at this advance
these discretions, owing to their scircea ess, sue most difficult
to purchase. The common dusty kinds are also more appre
rial ed, and In better dt mand, at previous rates." The quota-
Uons given are for—
Fair Orleans 8 d. I Middling Orleans 794 d.
“Mobiles... 7*d. •• Mobiles 7X«L
“Uplands 7*d.| “ Up1and5....616-16d.
The Timet attributes the cause for the increased and large
business, and advanced prices for cotton, to the de-lre of man
ufacturers to secure a stock sufficient to last until a sufficiency
of the new crop Is received. This activity, in Liverpool, Is In
the Lee of accounts from the United States, of Hue weather
for picking cotton, and the prospects of a larger yield than
that of the previous season.
The stocks of the raw material, In the hands of English
spinners, have been and continue very light, while their mills,
running st full speed, with orders fur goods far ahead of their
capacity to promptly supply, have given considerable Ormness
to holders of cotton in Liverpool. Some fears, however, were
entertained that the severe storms and heavy frojtiln England
had also prevailed In the cotton States, and this conelderation
had its Influence on the cotton trade.
The estimated stock of cotton in Liverpool, oa the 28th of
October, was 473,330, of which 337,210 bales were American—
the lmportsof the week were 89,413—and the rales were 87,990,
of which 60,413 bales were American.
SAVANNAH, Nov. 15—CoHon—The market was quiet
to-day. sales tooting 1,498 balei. The advance lu freights to
New York has caused a disposition on the part of buyers to
put down prices, but holders refused to mske concessions, and
are firm at our preuioua quotations, especially on the belter
grades.
Middling * jJX01O«
strict Miaanng 11 @—
Good Middling 11X@UX
Middling Fair UX@—
SAVANNAH COTTOK STATZMXXT.
Stock od hand Sept. 1 8,633
Received since 127,824
“ to-day 3,316-131,140
159.77 S
Exported since Sept. 1, 1859 ..85,111
to-dav 620-86,731
Stock cn band and on shipboard 64.047
News.
AUGUSTA PKICES CURRENT.
WHOLESALE PRICES.
BACON—Hams *lb 11 @ 14
Clear Sides V » 12)4@ 18
Rib Sides *i » 11)4® 12M
Shoulders * B> B)4® 9
BAGGING—Gunny * yard... 18)4® 15
BEESWAX * fi» 30 @ 86
BUTTER—Goshen * » 23 @ 25
Country *B> 15 ® 22
BRlCK—Building Brick * 1000 ... @ 7 OO
Paving Brick * 1000... ® 8 00
Pressed Brick * 1000 ... @2O 00
Well Brick ¥ 1000 ... @ 9 OO
CANDLES—Adamantiue *lb 20 @ 25
Chemical Sperm 1* fi> 88 @ 85
Pure cio ¥ft 43 @ 50
Patent Sperm ¥lb 58 @ 60
CHEESE—Northern White ¥ft 12 @ 12X
English Dairy 4* In 13 @ 14
COFFEE—Rio ¥ft 12 @ 18X
Laguira ¥ft 18 @ 14
Java ¥lb 17 @ IS
CEMENT * bb1.... 2 25 @ S 60
Plaster ¥ bb1.... 8 25 @ 8 SO
DOMESTIC GOODS—Yarns ¥ yard... 25 @ 1 00
k Shirting, Browu * yard... 4 @ 6
2 Shirting, “ *yard- 6 M
r Shirting, “ ¥ yard... 8 @ 10
54 Shirting, “ ¥ yard... 10® 14
6-4 Shirting, “ ¥ yard... 12)4® 1684
Fine Sea Island Shirting ¥ yard... 8 @ 12
Osnaburgs ¥ yard... 10 @ 11
Drillings ¥ yard... 8 @ 10
FEATHERS ¥lb 48 @ 45
FLOUR—Tennessee Extra Family! l bb1.... 71)0 @7 25
Extra Superfine * bb1.... 650 @ 6 75
Tennessee Superline ¥ bb1.... 6 00 @ 6 25
Granite Mills, Extra Family....* bb1.... 7 60 @ 8 OO
“ “ Extra ¥ bb1.... 675@ 700
“ “ Superfine * bb1.... 660@ 675
Carmichael Mills, Extra Family*! bb1.... 7 60 @ 7 75
•> “ Extra ¥ bb1.... 700@ 725
“ “ Superfine.... ¥ bb1.... 650@ «75
Paragon Mills, Extra Family....* bb1.... 760 @ 8 OO
“ “ Superfine...:....* bb1.... 600@ 660
GRAIN—Corn, with sacks .* bus a... 95 @ 1 05
Wheat, white, new ¥ bush... 115 @1 25
Wheat,red, new * bush... 110 @1 16
Oats * bush... 80 @ 90
Rye * bush...— 140
peas * bush... 95 @ 1 00
Corn Meal, Country ground * bush... 90® 95
GUNPOWDER—Dupont’s * keg.... 6 60 @ 7 OO
Hazard ¥ keg ... 6 60 @ 7 00
Blasting * keg.... 6 00 @ 5 25
HAY—Nrrthern ¥ 100.... 1 40 @ 1 60
8 8 3
IK °knulT. e . d “igt 4*
3
LlME—Country * b0x.... 1 25 @ 1 65
Northern f...„ * bb1.... 175 @2 00
LUMBER...:.: * 1000..,.12 00 @l4 00
MOLASSES—Cuba • £ ®
New Orleans syrup * gal 44® 50^
OlLS—Spermi prime * K»’| • ? Jjj f ?
Lamp * ga1.... 110 @1 25
Train..... * ga1.... 75 @ 1 OO
Castor * ga1.... 2 00 @ 2 25
V O
ROPE—Handspun * ® jj ® 8M
Machine -J ® Jj ® JO
RAISINS £ b0x.... 360 @4 00
SPlßlTS—NorthernOiu £**}—• « ® 66
Rum *naj.... !? ® S 2
N. O. Whisky *gal.... 88® 85
l'cacii Brandy, old ¥ ga1.... 176 @2 50
** “ new ¥ ga1.... 160 @1 25
Pure Cider Brandy, old * ga1.... 160 ©1 75
Apple Brandy,new ...J ca1.... 75 @ 1 26
Axt’s Dry Catawba Wine, 1860..* ga1.... @lO <5
“ •• “ “ 1867..* gal ... @8 75
Holland Oin * ga1.... 160 «1 75
Cognac Brandy .....•••••* cal-.. 800 @ 6 OO
Long worth's Citawha Brandy..* d0z.... @l2 i 5
Longworth's Wines * dox ... 875 @l4 25
SUGARS—N. Orleans * » 8 @ 10
Porto Rico * » » @ 10
Muscovado •* » < @ 8
Refined Coffee A g J "V® } )
Do. do. B *»- 10K@ II
Do! do. **..... 10X® 10X
WlNE—Hemp Bagging g » » @ 22H
Cotton Wrapping * ® * @ 81H
HORTICULTURAL.
WJI. IV. WHITE, Editor.
SATURDAY, NOV. 19, 1859.
ANSWERS TO COSREB PONDENTS.
“Belle Colline.”—We send you as requested t
(a little late, for your favor is just at hand) the
catalogues of our nearest nurseries. The bulbs,
dahlias, Ac., they have not. These and the other
ornamental plants not on their lists, Mr. Buss
can supply. See his advertisement, and send
for a catalogue. As to prices, they vary. Dah
lias just out, sell for a dollar each, while older
sorts just as good, at two or three dollars per
dozen ; and so of other plants.
CORRECTION.
In the list of Pears given last week, for
Dearbon's Seedling, read Dearborn’s Seedling ;
St Shistlain, read St. Ghistlain ;
Summer Calebosse, read S. Calebasse;
Zephime Gregoire, read Zepherine Gregoire ;
Dayenne Siculte, read Doyenne Siculle ;
Compte d’Flandre, read C. de Flandre ;
Beurre Diet, read B. Diel ;
Hoddington, read Haddington;
Pone Colmar, read Passe Colmar.
The Horticultural Department of our paper is
the only one in which the proof is not seen by
its editor. It is also the one in which jaw
breaking, botanical names do of necessity most
abound, and (wo may as well make a clean
breast of it) the printers assert that we do
write a most illegible hand.
—
APPLES FOR MARKET.
We are persuaded that there is no crop, to
which the farmers and planters of upper Georgia
can devote a part of their land and labor to bet
ter advantage, than to the Apple. Good winter
apples average to bring in Athens through the
winter about one dollar and twenty-five cents a
bushel. A tree occupies about twenty-five feet
squaro of land, or sixty-nine may be planted on
an acre. If good healthy troes are selected,
(not those peddled through the country, with the
roots exposed for days to sun, frost and drying
winds,) properly transplanted and as well cared
for as a hill of com or cotton, in less than ten
years they will average at the lowest three bush
els to a tree and go on increasing their crop, un
til a yearly average of eight or ten bushels to a
tree is not too much to expect in a favorable lo
cality. Now, there is no other crop that will
pay as well; hence, a little care and manure
should not be grudged while rearing the trees.
The profit of raising the apple is becoming
quite evident to our up-country friends—we
judge from the increased supply of fruit that
seeks this market. A thousand bushels at least
are now bought by our dealers, where but a hun
dred were ten years since, and in the quality of
the fruit brought here there is as great an ad
vance as in the quantity. As good a price and
a readier sale is now obtained as when one tenth
the quantity were offered, and there is no dan
ger of glutting the market for years to come, as
the hill country, mountain region of the South is
destined to supply with winter fruit the whole
territory between it and the gulf and ocean.—
Sound, handsome fruit, as fast as it comes in, is
now shipped at once to different points on the
railroads below, and our seaboard cities will soon
look to the mountains, instead of the North, for
winter fmit; and it is quite time that we should
cease to import from the North hay and apples,
as we have already ceased to look for our flour
from that quarter.
To be successful in orchard culture, select
good fresh land; if the ground is not level, pro
tect it from washing by suitable banks or ter
races, laid out with a levelling instrument.—
Make theso banks so as not only to retain the
soil, but all the rain that falls. Keep the ground
well cultivated in some low crop that requires
the hoe. Do not plant anything within four or
five feet of your tree, which space must be kept
clean. In planting, dig a broad hole for your
tree; four feet across it is none too large, and
drive up stakes to keep heedless ploughmen
from knocking the bark from the young trees.—
Let the limbs spring from the trunk within eigh
teen inches of the ground, to protect the bark of
the trunk from the hot sun. Wash the tree in
the spring with thin soap and throw around the
collar of each tree in spring a shovel full of
slacked lime or leached ashes, to protect them
from the borer. Do this, and you have as good
a right in the nature of things to expect that
every dollar’s worth of labor you lay out in this
way, will, in ten years, time annually yield you
two, as your neighbor, who loans his on interest,
has to look for his annual seven per cent
Potash and lime in moderate quantity are ab
solutely necessary for the growth of the apple
tree, and if not found in tho soil in sufficient
quantity, ashes and lime must be supplied; but
do not put strong lime or unleached ashes di
rectly about the body of the tree.
In planting au orchard for market, such vari
eties as Nickajack, (Howard,) Shockley, Green
Crank, Oconee Greening and other handsome
late varieties should be selected. Three or four
sorts are enough for a market orchard. A good
general list has been already furnished in our
columns, and Mr. Van Buren has promised us
one of his favorites soon. From these a smaller
list for market purposes is easily selected.
Apples in northern orchards are carefully
picked by hand, gently laid in cheap barrels
and sent to market on spring wagons. They
thus arrive without bruises or decay, and if our
growers would take the same care, they would
find the very best prices willingly paid. By al
ways sending only the best, fruit and marking
the name of the grower on his barrels, an or
chardist can soon gain a reputation, which will
increase the value of his fruit above that of less
careful growers.
Macon, Ga., Nov. 7, 1859.
W. N. White, Esq.— Dear Sir: Will you be
so kind as to furnish me with information on the
following points: Is it beneficial to Fruit Trees
particularly Pears, to use, in transplanting,
ground Bones , and manipulated Guano, and the
quantity per tree, say 5 years old ? How much
to be applied to a vineyard, two or three years
old ? Having fruit trees to plant out, and a
vineyard to dress with these materials, how
would you apply it, and in what manner and
position ?
Are Cinder or Charcoal of pine wood, thrown
out of the smoke stack of Engines, good for any
thing? You will confer a favor, giving me an
answer at an early day.
Respectfully vours,
0. F. Adams.
Manipulated Guano, like the so called Super
phosphate, and improved superphosphate of lime,
may be a most excellent manure, or almost
worthless. These are most dangerous articles
to purchase, as much of each that is offered is so
adulterated that it is not worth its freight They
vary so much in strength, that nothing definite
can be laid down, as to the quantity to apply.
We believe, however, the manipulated guano
of Mr. S. Sands, of the Baltimore Rural Register
is a valuable manure, though we have not our
selves used it No strong ammoniacal guano
should come in immediate contact with the roots
of newly transplanted trees.
As to bone dust, there is no doubt as to its
beneficial action upon nearly all crops, or its spe
cial use as a manure for the Pear. Broad-iast,
about twenty bushels per acre is applied, but a
quart or two mixed with the earth about the roots
of each young tree, when planted, is of decided
benefit in promoting the formation of fibrous
roots and ensuring a healthy growth. Where
vines are cultivated under glass, it is much em
ployed to mix with the soil of the borders, and
of course would be of equal value in a vineyard,
applied either at planting, or as a top dressing
afterwards. Charcoal, if fine, may be also mixed
with the soil about the roots of trees, at trans
planting, but should first be used (if in limited
quantity) to abate the noisome smell of pigsties,
privies and stables, and then be applied to the
soil.
—m —»i
THE APPLE IN MIDDLE GEORGIA.
In another column we have given an article on
the profit of cultivating the apple, and brief di
rections for planting and managing the young
orchard. In the following extract, a lively cor
respondent of the Southern Cultivator gives us
the way in which this fruit tree is quite too gen
erally treated by our planters : „ ‘
“The apple is the surest fruit crop in Middle
Georgia.”— Southern Cultivator.
Editors Southern Cudtivator —The Auto
crat of all the Breakfast tables, in laying down
the law with regard to “ Slang,” limits its use
to those cases in which ordinary language fails
to do justice to the subject, without danger of
exhausting itself.
He would, therefore, hold me excused for say
ing that the above paragraph fairly “lifted me
off my feet!”
I hereby protest against the claims of the
“ Georgia Calf ”to the arch symbolship of
wretchedness until the rights of the Middle
Georgia-Applo tree are fully investigated.
Generally the rear-guard of an utter pomo
logical defeat, it presents, like Marshal Ney, an
epitome of courage and calumnity,
“ I am ye Orchard 1”
In the desolate heart of the worn out old field ;
by the brink of the blood red gully; in the wild
est tangle of the briar and broom-sedge; on
whatever bald declivity the sun in his journey
brands his fiercest “ Farewell to hope”—there
the Apple still lives, and—dmngs forth fruit.
Every man has his Apple Tree, whose repu
tation it were no more safe to assail, than that
of his wife or of anything else that is his.
Didn’t he give a dime for the apple ? Didn’t
he plant the seed ? Didn’t he rear 'the tree ?
Hasn’t ho eaten of the fruit thereof? • Wasn’t it
as big as his head ? as yaller as a pumpkin ?
as “ meller ” as a turnip ? and didn’t it keep
like a brick-bat?
I confess, in younger days, before Hope and
Faith parted company, having jpade various pe
destrian pilgrimages of a devout character to a
number of vegetable wonders, of which the
above might figure as a mild average; and I have
a recollection running through a period of years
of the figure of an Apple Tree, something like
the following:
The roots tortured by the aphis, and torn by
wild horses (and plows); the trunk barked by
rabbits, bored by borers, pecked by wood-peck
ers, blistered to mortification by the sun, and
plastered to suffocation by the scale of insect.
The forks, the home of caterpillars, and the
leaves their sustenance ; the limbs moss-cover
ed ; and the fruit—never failing, and never, by
any possible complication of accidents, allowed
to mature. Then, coming down, wo got an in
ventory of its personal property. One tin cof
fee pot; one earthen tea do ; various specimens
of domestic crockery, some, too, —to particular
ize : 3 pair brogans, specimens, each, of plow,
hoe, broom and skillet handles; skeleton re
mains of ox, principally ossa femoris and pelvic
bones; do. of horse; do. of cat, entire; one
battling stick ; sundry bits of paling; articles
of wearing apparel; clubs in quantity, from a
walking stick to a martin pole I
Yet the most astounding part of the revela
tion quoted at the head of this writing is—its
truth 1
The Apple is the most certain Fruit-crop in
Middle Georgia, and like
“ A true Cosmopolite,
That loves it’s native country best,"
has amply demonstrated that its failure, as a
Fruit, has not been, in any particular, its own
fault
Principally used for green soiling our little ne
groes, we have been satisfied with its certainty,
while it lived ; and not much aggrieved by its
loss when it died.
Circumstances, however, are conspiring to
render this point of mere certainty of produc
tion an exceedingly valuable one from which to
contemplate the Future of the Apple in Middle
Georgia. A field so wide and so fruitful that I
must reserve its consideration for another letter.
Torch Hill, Ga., June. 1859. T.
— —.
Roses. —A word as regards Roses. One
Southern raised Rose bush is worth a dozen
raised at the North. A good and well grown
Rose has never yet been grown, nor can one be
grown there. \Ve have seen many sickly, fee
ble, wiry, diminutive things called Roses, set
out in pots, but never such robust, vigorous
plants as are to be found in Southern Nurseries;
and when we make these remarks we wish to
be understood as speaking of the newer and
improved varieties, and not of the old spring
Roses.—[ Southern Cultivator. J.
207
