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Int.
VOL I.—No. 118.
THE SAVANNAH RECORD R,
R. M. ORME, Editor.
PUBLISHED EVERY EVENING,
(Saturday Excepted,)
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Ry J . STJBR1T.
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a
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ookukk, Savannah, Georgia.
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the opinions expressed by Correspondents.
BURNING OF COLUMBIA.
BY L. P. ABHBY.
The following article was written
several years ago but never published.
Since it was written Sherman has
acknowledged the great wrong he did
Wade Hampton and recalled it, saying
that he made it in order to lessen his
influence and make him odious with his
own people. This was highly honorable
in this conscientious leader of the
Union forces, and it is difficult now to
tell which is the worst, he or his
brother John. There have been several
accounts published of the by burning of
this ill-fated city, one a lady who
acknowledegea in her account that she
was at Barhamville, the seat of a
female academy three miles from Co¬
lumbia, and was not in the city at all,
and all she knows about it is what she
■aw at her distant home. I was in the
city, in the midst of the hurry and the
flurry occasioned by the vandalism of
Sherman’s bummers, and had occasion
to carefully note in memory all that I
have written. I m%y not be altogether
correct in olaiming ao much for the
Carolinians in the last days of Fort
Sumter, as I have been informed that
some of the noble sons of Georgia were
there and assisted in driving tbe
Yanks off in their night attack*. At
any rate, they never took Sumter, but
it was evacuated after Sherman’s flank
mo . erne through * the interior of
South Carolina. * * *
THX BURNING OF Columbia.
been°over Though the war between the Statee has
opportunity »early ten veare I have just
had the of perusing “ The
Story of the March to the Sea,” written
by Brevet Major Ward Nichols, Aid
de-Camp to General Sherman. What
he has to say in reference to Georgia
and the alarming ignorance of it.
planters, I have nothing to do. I
think Georgia has plenty of her own
Bons able and capable did enough to think take
care of her reputation, they
it worth their while to notice this
Northern ry ht spawn P sUr!’ who ’ "ot in order hesitlteV to glori
ma has to
wjj vilifv those who are bo immeasurably
diooed in Northern g gall them and steadily
aimed, cannot touch He
however, disposed to deal generously
wiih every other Southern State, ex
cept poor little South Carolina. From
the very moment he lands in her borders
he boils over with indignation. South
Carolina -is not only extremely con
temptible, she haa not a single redeem
ing trait. Ignorance, vice, meanness,
everything corrupt prevails within her
bo-ders. Even the negroes are more
equalid and wretched, but are treated
woree than in any other State. The
land is poorer, is less productive, and
the habitations of white and black in
conceivably miserable. In the im
xnensity of his category he could find
no kind word or term for anything
South Carolina—all, everything was
bad. Thia might be forgiven such a
phlegmatic gentleman strictly as he the is did he
confine himself to truth in
relation to other matters, particularly
in i elation to the burning of Columbia.
Though I am not a native of South
Carolina, it was my home for over
twenty-five years, and I happened to
be in Columbia some time previous by Gen- to
and at the time of its capture
srsl Sherman's army and profess to
know a little about that- disgraceful
and shameful epoch in the momentous
history of General Sherman’s “March
to the Sea.” Hitherto the whole blame
of that affair has been attempted Hampton to
fastened on General Wade
(though Major Nichola does not say
because sevet ai bales of cotton were
placed in the centre of Main street
and Gt-neial Sheiman does not hesitate
to affirm that this was the cause of the
city being burned. I shall attend to
hrm further on. I am dealing now
with Major Nichols, who uses this
phatic language in relation to the fire
“Various causes are assigned to
th§ origin of this fir®. I am quite
that it originated in sparks flying
the hundreds of bales of cotton
the rebels had placed along the
of the main street and fired as they
left the city." Now the only reply I
have to make to this is that Major
Nichols was either not in the city or
he deliberately falsified the truth
history. In the first place, placed there along were
not hundreds ij hales
Main streat. Some fifty or sixty bales
were placed on Main street, near the
Congaree House, and these were
neither cut open, their contents scat¬
tered and then fired, but were intact
when the advance guard of General
Sherman's army entered the city, and
his men were all ai-iund them. Soon
after they entered, a hurricane arose
and immediately an alarm was given
that the cotton was on fire. I was then
at the market house talking to one
Sherman’s men, and I saw the citizens,
as well as the Yankee soldiers, rush to
the Independent Engine house, next to
the market and attempt to ex¬
tinguish the fire, which they failed in
and the cotton was all consumed, but
not a soli tary house caught from that
cotton, though many combustible build¬
ings were near at hand, so that the
story of Columbia having been burned
by the cotton placed on Main street
will not do to tell even to the “marines."
I was at the Court House, opposite
the market, when the Mayor, Dr.
Goodwyn, and Alderman John Me
Kenzie went out to surrender the city,
and I saw the first flag that came into
the city. Three men came up Wash
ington to Main street in a buggy—one
holding the flag, one driving, and the
third, holding his musket, stood up be
hind. At the corner of Main street
they stopped and inquired the way to
the Stats House. They started on
down Main street,and just as they reach
ed the Congaree House they were fired
on—by whom I do not know, but sup
posed it was one of Wheeler’s men, as
many of them had been ransacking the
for two days, even up to the mo
ment that Sherman’s army was march
into the city. The soldier with the
immediately jumped from the
and fired on his assailant, with
effect. I w&i an eye-witness, arid
no cotton was burning then.
Directly after the carriage containing
the Mayor and Alderman McKenzie
returned to the city, bringing Major
Anderson, of what regiment I do not
know, and they alighted in front of the
old jail ob Main street. I walked over
to hear what he had to say, and while
standing there many of the merchants
and citizens, apprehensive that some
*sked thing him would happen, approached and
for guards for their property.
I then resumed my seat on a table in
front of the Court House, a id had not
been there long before I saw the sol
marching into the city, one of
<-hem excla-ming, as he passed, looking
U P the town clock, “Twenty minutes down
eleven ” They filed on
unt ^ fbe whole street from the State
House up was filled with them, some
then inebriated, though the citizens are
charged with having made them drunk.
I »*w a Colonel order one of them un
der arrest for drunkenness, but he beg- fn
R-d off and brought his good conduct
a charge down the road to the notice
In. Colonel. They h.d not been
there as long as ten minutes at that
time, yet he was made drunk by the
citizens I
After the cotton fire was over I
started to my dinner, amd when nearly
opposite ‘be the convent, met General Sher
maQ . of him, saintly Howard riding along
the riding a long train bringing I up
rear, into the city. stopped
and took a good look at him. I also
watched him fur some distance down
street, and just as he reached the
identical spot where the cotton had
burned, his men arose to their feet
e» wtoese and g**e him three ringing
cbeere. He saw ao fire then, nor was
there a.y burning.
Later on in the aftercoo* the jail was
deliberately set on fire because,a« they
said, some of the Yankee prisoners had
been confined there, but it waa speedily
extinguished, and no more fire occurred
until long after dark, when the first
piece set on fire waa Mr. Chas. Bedell’s
store, two blocks above where the cot
ton was burned in the morning.
1 was in company with a Yankee at
the time, and he left me, rushed into
the store and put the fire out. A half
hour or so later a commencement
m«d<i srstematioally to burn the
The buildings occupied by the
du pave on Bridge street were the firet
set on fire. They then advanced up to
Main street, burning the Old State
House and every budding on
street to the extremity of cotton town,
with the exception ot three. I had a
next to Keating & Ball’s
erate money manufacture, and, calming
myself, from the assurance Major An
derson gave that private property
would be respected, hour, 1 first retired to my
room at an early attempting
SAVANNAH, MONDAY. FEBRUARY 17, 1879.
to restore by the equilibrium her only of my public laad
lady telling the
buildings would be burned. The streets
were then thronged with Yankee sol¬
diers, some on foot and some on horse¬
back, tearing through the streets like
so many demons just let lose from hell.
My landlady had then a Yankee
guard in the house, but very soon a
man rode up to the window and order¬
ed him out. I had not been in my
room more than fifteen or twenty
minutes before my landlady called me
and told me they were setting fire to
the house next door, I immediately
dressed myself and descended ths stairs,
when I found the flames were all
around us. I returned to my room,
seized my trunk (a very heavy one)
and dragged it down stairs. A North¬
ern lady, who roomed opposite me, ap¬
pealed to me and I also dragged her
large Saratoga down, when a couple of
Yankees, in search for plunder, came
in and she told thsm she was from the
North, at the same time begging them
to take her trunk to a place of safety—
which they did. I exhausted my
strength in efforts to pull my trunk
through the back way to Taylor’s hill.
I saw two stalwart Yanks honeying my
landlady’s trunk cook, and the cook saved my
by ordering them to take it out
for me. Our house had then been de¬
serted. A panic had seized our folk*
and they left without attempting to
save When anything I but what they stood in.
saw my trunk safe I returned
*° bouse and there were Borne of
Sherman’s “holy men,” with candles in
band, pillaging. I seized a feather bsd
an< ^ a quilt and went back to the hill,
I then had a good opportunity of wit
B ®ssing the burning of that beautiful
°by, and I shall never forget that aw
«cene. It was my misfortune to
'witness the burning of Charleston three
y« ars previous, which resulted from
accident, and I hoped then I naver
should see the like again ; but here was
a still more awful sight, and from
design. The Yankees went from house
to house, poured a combustible oil on
the floor and thf n deliberately set it on
bre. They went into the house of Mr.
W m - Keenan, three blocks from Main
street, and poured oil on his floor and
8e t it on fire. Mr. Keenan immedi
fl t e ly “dashed it out” with a bucket of
water. They attempted it the second
time and he also resolutely extinguish
that. Failing with the house, they
^ ie A,^ 9 sta bl®. when he put that out
aQ b thus saved his pioperty.
Columbia was burned,
u . ^ lc£l0 3 a ?f ^ en Sherman to
the contrary notwithstanding, , .\ for I
was
in t be midat ^ all > and J bnow wbere -
„ T b speak. This not dune, either,
? iwo hundred was who had
one ? r men
been prisoners in retaliation for their
treat “-® nt > though with they may have had
80m * t in 8.t° o it, ltwasanal
most "““"J 0 " tbic 8; for he Yank * es
^TtermdLd d5 Z and
^ ^ “inable ^ to t h e back streets and all
8 way J S where thev f couM P f_
f p articular v was thi .
if'^n ^ Taylor’s Iho hill where which I wr
c To W the animus
perva( j e( j whole armv a nartv
along f and “ halted in clo«e rmv
imitv to m t loo t at the five of
^ suggested e,f thJm it riJht was a “SounV fearful si*?ht
but °dt served serV them right. bouth Caro
i“its °ia was its hotbeT” hotbed. ThT lhen turning to
rf ? ou
lKe tnat ’ man ; 1 made them an
, /t ^ ^^
w co f tanll f flo J ing
"j ■* ° ther ‘ } maintained m
’ n " d 5 ™ ” ot a gre f whll t
1 ? \ C °, n ldentlcal • , art J came along and
? °. p P e \ a t s P°t th e first
1 d Lb ® * a J n f. observations
, ,.,
1 a relation to South
~ umbia andsecession, con
c [ u omg of course, that it served them
J’pA f nd j, aakln |, m e w do you
lae that, old mani. 1 T will do . some of r
[i em > aowe ' • r > the m justice thl * brutal to say «bi- that
b ’ ley not only , contemned but
condemned , , it .and manfully attempted
" “* F owei a,s ‘®
prevetn * '
T w . i t .,
ft ‘ • j c t } f et t , e m0!n ’ n
u- ,i o
V a> i * sbL ’the rhev hones' Vick ^ ai fv *ii tb8 > %
. j all ’
A- • r e _ f . , .
othi wa ; more th-rnPonVa susce.Tve m the
I mind at that time ‘ 1 iamous f
li ne ’
| , ’ Man minon“n?omm” ,nan makes countle - s
At Avn 1* at si k t h i T
k on the bed
"iweu natures sweet ^ restoree-ifaimy sleep
happily daylight came to much my relief. I awoke
after refreshed
| thankful to Nature’s God that He had
j shut out from my vision the finale of
that truly heartrending scene. I
with others into the house of Col
j Alexander Taylor, where a
Colonel and a Major bad taken up their
- quarters._ A Captain came along in
little while after, and seeing me
side, rode up and engaged in convtrsa
tion relative to the awful calamity that
had befallen the city. "And yet,,” he
said, “your ciiizens have themselves to
blame for it all. Had they destroyed all
the the liquor coming in the place when they found
army in, it would never
have happened. Instead of that, they
kept it and actually gave it to the men
—I saw them doing it myself—and
that, with what they afterward got hold
of, made them drunk and phrenzied
them; and the result is before you. I
have been riding all night arresting
men and yet I could not, with all my
efforts, arrest the half of these frantic
men or prevent the mischief they wprp
doing.” These are not his exact woids,
but the ■ubstance of what he said, as I
remember distinctly it made a profound
impression on me. He made no men¬
tion of the cotton placed in the street,
knowing, no doubt, that it would not
go down, and the first I ever saw or
lit-ard of it was in General Sherman's
official report, and the Diary of Maj ;
Nichols no doubt received its inspiration
from that.
General Sherman, however, goes
much farther than Major Nichols. He
says: “Before one single public build¬
ing had been fired by order, the
order smouldering fires set by Hampton’s
were rekindled by the wind and
communicated to the buildings around.
[Nothing and can be farther from the truth,
he knew it when he penned that
sentence, for he had passed over the
giound where the cotton had been
burning and no trace of it was left save
the ashes smothered in a deluge of
water.] About dark they began to
spread and got beyond the control of
the brigade on duty in the city. [Which
brigade does he mean, the one with the
combustible oil, or th* few noble fel¬
lows that attempted to check what the
others were too fast for them in doing?]
The whole of Wood’s division was
brought in, but it was found impossible
to check the flames [of course it W0 3
when they were being constantly fed],
which by midnight had become un
manageable, and raged until 4 a. m.,
when, the wind subsiding, they were
got under control. [Under control
when they had expended themselves
on the last building in Cotton Town,
and, like Alexander the Great, “had no
more worlds to conquer.”] I was up
nearly all night, [but failed most signally
in his duty as supreme head of a great
army in allowing that army to be
turned into a mob or rabble and burn¬
ing a whole city, he either unable or
subjection], unwilling to control and keep it in
and saw Generals Howard,
Logan, Wood and others laboring to
save houses [instead of laboring to save
their good name by controlling the
authors of all the mischief], and to
protect families thus suddenly deprived
of ity] shelter and [through their instrumental¬
of bedding and wearing ap¬
parel.”
A ^ above . was nofc enoa gb to in
the ? ood aen8 « and intelligence of
the S ood ] P e °P Ie s of the country, he goes
° n to ^ disclaim on the part of
m - v arm F- a ^ncy in this fire [It
" aS DOt trough its agency it was
^° f £ rnng re lt: t0 Waa V zis th c \ ircc ®, tLing * J ac ^' rather Wel1 d pre- ° n *
tbemse ^ , ves tban to Lave any agents in
tbe matter ]> the contrary, claim
that we saved what of Columbia re
[A olrfm to which
Providence alone is entitled, in having J
lulled the „ind. and preventing forth
mischief.J And, without hesitation, I
charge General Wade Hampton with
having burned his own city of Colum
bia, not with a malicious intent, or as
th e manifestation of a silly ‘Roman
stoicism,’ but from folly and want of
senaej } n filling it with lint, cotton, and
tinder." I have, in my day, read much
and seen and heard many excuses made
f or acts of downright meanness, but
this out Herods them all. It were not
enough to burn the city, deprive help
less females of all shelter save the
firmament, and turn poor little children
out, like Nebuchadnezzar, to eat grass,
fi e mu?t b ac k j t up charging Wade
Hampton with it, Wade Hampton
having left the city early in the day
and the cotton placed on Main street
burned about alf-past eleven A. if.
“Our officers and men on duty worked
t0 extinguish the flames: but el hers
not °n duty, ™ eluding the officers who
bad long been imprisoned there, rescued
b ? >«. »>W t«e assisted in.spreading
the , ure alter it had once begun, and
may h ave indulged in unconcealed joy.
to see the ruin of the capitol of boutn
Carolina ”
-------
“ The Chinese muit 8°-” that
they , in disgrace, it is . certain
go comeback. At least,;
; they will never arrived by the
j s ^ CO c C lusion at
Faculty of a Massachusetts educational
institution. On^ of their pupils, a
Chinaman, is being educated at the cost
j of somewhat the Chinese backward Government, in his studies, and, being his
case was duly reported to the authori
at Pekin. In dua time, there ar
rived an imperial mandate which read,
him home and we will cut off
head.”
BY TELEGRAPH.
News From Europe .
INTELLIGENCE FROM ALL
PARTS. .
Later advices received at Cape town
reported that subsequently to the dis¬
aster to Col. Glyn’s camp the forces
under Dartrall and Louidale had a vic
torious engagement with the enemy at
Roikas drift. Col. Pearson’s column is
safely established at Ekayl. There
were no hostile Zulus in Natal.
California A dispatch says the delegate* to the
Constitutional Convention
Chinese are highly elated by the passage of the
emigration bill, by Congress,
and resolution* will be adopted request¬
ing the President to approve the same.
Dr. George H. Gray, of Denison,
Texai, who distinguished himself by
professional service rendered at Holly
Springs during the late epidemic, com¬
mitted suicide at New Orleans, Thurs¬
day, by shooting himself through the
head. No reason is assigned for the
act.
The total loss by the sinking of six¬
Coal teen houses Iron belonging to the Reading
and Company, at Shenandoah,
Pa., will be between thirty and forty
thousand dollars.
•A. has dispatch from London says : Wes¬
ton reached Wakefield,Yoik county.
He is one hundred and ninety-two
milss behind time, having taken the
train from Huddersfield to Wakefield.
Capt. J.W. Scully, Assistant Quarter¬
master, was ordered to Charleston, S 0.,
to turn over the public property for
which he is accountable, to the proper
officer at that post.
The jury in the case of Charlie
Woods, colored, on trial for the murder
of Mrs. W. C. C. Foster, at Memphis,
returned a verdict of murder in the
first degree.
Ths London Pall Mall Gazette cor¬
respondent at Rome says that, cordial
letters have been exchanged between
the Pope and the German Emperor.
The London Standard publishes the
25 following, dated Martzburg, January
: “Shortly after the commencement
of hostilities, Lord Chelmsford and Col.
Pearson successfully engaged the enemy
had near been the place fighting. where He Lord Chelmsford
loft six com
panies of the Twenty-fourth Regiment
under Pulleine, whom Durnford was to
with the natives. Fifteen thousand
Zulus attacked the united forces on the
22d instant. The fire from the British
caused immense havoc among them,but
they rushed forward with indomitable
pluck, and when they had come to close
quarters the great;nnmerical superiority
of the Zulus secured a complete^ vic¬
tory. The six companies of the Twenty
fourth Regiment were totally destroyed
and Durn ford’s natives were utterly
routed. The victorious Zulus attacked
a small force in the vicinity of Rorkaa’
drift the same day but were repelled
in the attack made on Rorkas drift. On
the evening of the 22d, after the de¬
struction of the camp, a hundred men
succeeded in keeping off over four
thousand Zulus. They fought fiom five
o’clock in the evening until daylight,
when the main column arrived. Tiie
British lost thirteen men, five of whom
were massacred in the hospital.”
Spilling Salt on the Table.
This story is told in a Roman letter
a French journal: One morning Leo
was about to eat some raw eggs,
is his want every morning, and re¬
Commander Sterbini, the gen¬
serving him, to bring him some
to take with them. Sterbini, pre¬
the salt-cellar, a solid silver
accidentally let it slip from his
and the salt fell—but only on
the table.
The Pope rose immediately, carefully
to see whether any of the
had reached tbe ground.
“Only see,” he said, “the Balt is up¬
and had it fallen on the ground I
I should not have got over to¬
He then took out a pocket-book the and
noted the fact, observing at same
time :
“We shall see whether we shall not
have the loss of some beloved Cardinal
t0 ^ine dtpIore davs before after, long the ' sad of
news
Cardinai Asquini’s death reached the
Vatican, and the Pope, handing - to
his aloud pocket-book, those around requesting the
him to read to
”? te “p* d “> S b efore '
Then, breaking the silence, he said ,
:
“Had the salt been scattered on the
floor instead of upon the table, ae was
the case, verily I believe I should \ .
' the Judgment
standing now before
Seat!” ' I
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WINES. LIQUORS, SEGARS and TOBACCO
The best Lager Beer in tbe city. The well
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CARRIAGE REPOSITORY .
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line of Carriage and Material. I have
engaged in my factory order* the most skillful me
will Any be executed for new work, and re¬
pairing, and t( gi ve sati.faoUou mayl2-Iy
at short eotice.
Candies.
ESTABLISHED 1850.
M. FITZGERALD
—Manufacturer of—
PURE, PLAIN AND FINE
CANDIES.
Factory and Htore, 178 BRYAN STREET
Branch Store, No. 122 BROUGHTON BT.,
One door east of Bull street,
SAVANNAH, «A.
Tile Lan;e S t Variety of Smoking
Tobaccos ‘ in the City,
MurbuL Ciim ;i !hp f „- :owing b rand*:
i .• “• K ). n «a” (Granuiutca.j
• •• •• Happy Hours,” Jir^ «
" ll^biuAd 1 c^viLdu’h ' ’
“ 44 “Puck." “
Cunad q»ii <k Co? “Engilabi ‘‘Lo^A^onl’the Bird Ro?«
& ax’s aye.”
K ^ ‘‘ *ckwor*Sar^mTibaicoo S ..)mpriarstr^gh\c^tba ( v «ndi*h
w t T .‘ B1 '
Du e s •*
Ai^whicBarejau fSrifT iSt. wrfiiftiSr ittfd
m
