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The Farm and Garden,
To ihe Ilfiftder.
Wo desire to make this department
an important feature of the Times,
through it disseminating knowledge to
the planters of our glorious old county
slid section, as obtained from the best
available sources, and we respectfully
solicit contributions upon agriculture
and kindred topics from enterprising,
thinking farmers in tho scope of our
circulation, giving results of expert
ments, suggestions and ideas from care
ful observation in a farming experience.
If we can by an extra effort bo bene
ficial in creating a stimulus among the
farmers in our midst leading to improve
ment in our agricultural system a high
mission will have been accomplished
Original articles we would always pro*'
fer but would bo glad to have our at
tention called to any article of pecu’iar
merit in the agricultural journals read
by our planters.
Sunshine ami Hay.
So little attention has boea paid in
tnc cotton-growing States to the grow
inir and curing of hay that, from want
of proper knowledge of the matter and
experience, many who have made some
effort to that end have met with such
poor results as to be discouraged. In
no caso, we feol sure, have mistakes
been oftener made than in tho time of
cutting and manner of curing, and
these, it hardly need bo said, are tho
all important matters in hay-making.—
It has been a prevalent impression here
tofore, not only in the South, but even
in the States in which hay-making is
much more of a business, that grass
should stand in the' field until it is ripe,
or nearly so. lteference has already
been made, in a former article, to tho
faot that much nutriment in the grass
is thus lost bv being converted into
woody fibre, but there is another con
sideration of no less importance, why
grass should be cut so early for hay.
That is, if cat even before tho head
appears, a second crop of good hay may
be obtained from almost any varioty of
grass. That this is true any one may
bco from the fact that any of the grains,
such as ryo, wheat or oats will take a
second growth and form heads after be
ing grazed off.
The National Livo Stock Journal in
an article on the subject states that
Mr. Scott, of Vermont, has been in the
habit of cutting his grass before the
heads appear, his theory being that “ if
the grass is cut before this seed stalk
begins to shoot upward, the same stalk
that is cut off begins to grow again in
stead of starting anew shoot from the
roots.” By pursuing this plan Mr.
Scott has cut as much as five tons per
acre. The samo gcntlcmaD, by actual
experiment 1 has proved that this hay,
cut before the grass has formed the head
ia of more value both in feeding cat
tle for milk and in feeding for flesh than
common bay. Thore is still another
consideration why those who raise hay
should cut it curly ; it docs less injury
to the meadows. This may be readily
inferred from the faot that successive
crops of hay, headed and matured, are
taken from tho meadow, it results in
deterioration to the land, whereas if
grass lands only grazed the land
may even improve.
In regard to curing hay, as great a
a mistake as permitting it to stand too
long in the field has been very gener
ally committed. The old adage, “ make
hay while the sun shines,” is all very
well and proper, but too much sunshine
will inevitably do mucb toward unmak
ing the value of the hay. It has been
demonstrated by many who have ex
perimented in the last few years, that a
very few hours of hot sunshine are suf
ficient for the curing of hay. The idea
that hay not thoroughly driod in the
sun will spoil in bulk is erroneous, if it
is properly treated. The main point is
to keep tho air out as much as possible,
and oven if the hay does ‘’sweat” in
the bulk it will dry out if left uadis*
tuibed aud kept as near air tight as
possible. Acting upon this theory, sev
eral European nations, principally the
French, have adopted a system of pre
serving forage of all kinds called eusi
lage Their plan is to place corn fod
der or other forage in pits of six or
eight feet- in depth, having sloping
sides, after only a few hours' sun-cur
ing, paok down hard and cover with a
pyramid of dirt. Being thus kept dry
and air-tight the forage is kept in a
perfect state of preservation, has more
nutriment than ordinary forage, and
even largo stalks are rendered soft and
digestible. We should be glad if some
one will try the ensilage method and
report upon the results. If any one
will do so, we will publish the full de
tail of tho method. The bony live
stock of most Southern farms arc a con
stant reminder of the necessity of pay
ing more attention to the feed question
than heretofore.— Son of the Soil.
Recipe Worth Ten Dollars. —
Take one part (by weight) rosin, one
part beeswax, and four parts good fresh
or sound lard. Mix and melt together
over a slow fire, so as to be sure not to
burn the mixture. It makes an oint
incutJhat is superior to anything that
1 have ever seen tried for the flesh of
either horses or cattle, for cither fresh
or old sores, and is especially good to
remove old dry 6cabs. It softens the
scab, and it comes off leaving the skin
soft and tough.
Tho mixture is the best thing I ever
uscd;for boots or shoes for outdoor wear,
as it’imakeSjSDpngy leather water-proof,
and hard leather soft.
After the family soap has been made
in the spring the grease that accumu
lates and is laid aside during the sum
mer often gets maggoty. To avoid
this, the following is a good plan :
Have a kettle full of lye, disd throw all
bacon rinds, etc., into this kettle and
wheu fall comes you will be surprised
at the nice let of soft soap you will
hove, and even if a rat falls in, he will
be changed iuto soap just the same.
Whole Chunks of* Wisdom,
Wo get this from the Southorn Cul
tivator It is worth considering care
full) and attentively : “ When I lived
on my farm, I attended to my own bus
iness in person—overseeing my over*
seer and everything else, Rnd I pros
pered at it in everything and every
year I had plenty for man and beaat,
and sold more of other things than I
did of cotton., I sold corn and fodder
and wheat and oats and barley and poa
tatoes, together with beef, corn, lard,
muttOD, wool, etc. 1 may add we had
geeso, ducks, peafowls, turkeys, with
from one hundred and fifty to three
hundred chickens, kept at night in a
mink*proof and negro-proof hen house.
We also had many hives of bees. Mr.
Editor, did you ever tire on milk and
honey, or butter and eggs? If I ever
did, I do not now, for in an evil hour I
left my farm and removed to town, and
the farm and all things on it felt the
change. Do you know a thiifty far
mer who lives in town ? I don’t.—
From about 100 head, my cattle fell to
less than 40. Hogs from 300 to 100.
Sheep from 85 to 7, chiefly by dogs,
(yet we cannot get a dog law.) Geese
from 45 to 3 or 4 desolate old ganders,
too tough for Cuffee’s teeth. Bee hives
from 15 to 20, to 3or 4, and they saved
in a pine pole pen, under lock and key.
The negroes said the overseer’s wife ate
and 9old all the chickens, and she said
the darkios devoured them ; and so on
of everything. The prosperity that
tho Cultivator helped me so much to
aohiero, all gone. Now iegretful mem
orics crowd upon me in my moody mor
ments. But 1 will never again be trou
bled in seeing the sills in my barn bend-,
ing under the weight of 800 or 1,000
bushels of whoat. lam in town, how>
ever, tremendously respectable. (If it
were a negotiable commodity, I would
exchange some respoctability for bread
ami butter ) i wear store clothes in
stead of walnut brown home'made
jeans, as formerly, and I eat town vict
uals, such as it is. But let me whisper
a word in your ear, and don’t tyt it go
out: to kill a chicken is as great an
evont now as it was to slaughter an os
when I lived at the plantation. I have
ceased to wonder at Jacob’s children
longing for the leeks and onions of
Egypt. It I could shake off a few
yeais from my shoulders I would
fly to my farm and prosper again, as I
did while on it, for two and two will al
ways make four while the world stands.'
Any farmer who is willing to live hard
for a year or two, then buy for cash,
pay no interest or credit prices, will
thrive, if ho works and manages well.
Although now malapropos, I sign ono
of my former names. Colonius.
Caro ol Cattle.
Very few will dispute that if it pays
to keep live stock, the profits will ho in
proportion to tho management ot it;
therefore any one would suppose, on
first thinking of the subject, surely ev
ery stock-raiser will have the very best
attention paid that can possibly be con
trived. Is it so ? Alas! no. In ev
ery herd, in every flock, there are ani
mals of the same age which differ in a
great degree in their aptitude to carry
flesh and in milking properties j also in
the flock, the difference m the weight
and quality of the fleece, as well as the
contrast in mutton qualities, will be
very great, and all these characteristics
require a watchful and intelligent mind
to note the cause of every peculiarity,
so that weeding out or injudicious coun*
teraction may be resorted to.
A man who excels in the manage
ment of cattle has studied the disposi
tion and habits of animals, and under
stands what kind of food suits them
best at every stage of their existence,
and how to treat them at all seasons of
the year and under every circumstance,
so that he has no sickness, excepting of
such a kind as no human foresight could
have prevented. Attention to cattle
will pay, at all events, and if owner and
attendant are both skilful in the science
of breeding, so as to produce superior
ity in shape and constitution in the de*
scendants, by the judicious mating of
the parents, as well as in bringing ev
ery generation nearer perfection by forc
ing every good trait, success will follow
to a greater extent.— Country Gentle,
man.
Hen Manure. —Few are aware of
the quantity of fertilizing matter that
can be obtained jear'y from fowls, if
properly managed. It is estimated that
each fowl will during that tirno pro
duce one bushel of manure, almost
equaling guano in richness, and at a
vastly cheaper rate than we can buy the
foreign fertilizer. The deposits should
bo gathered sufficiently often to pre
vent fermentation, as by that process
much ammonia would escape. It is
well, in the absence of dry earth un
der the porches, to gather the manure
daily. The best method for storing it
for use is by placing alternate layers ot
manure with dry loam or muck suffir.
cicnt to absorb the moisture and ammo
nia ; or, in tho absence of dry soil, it
should be spread thin and dried, when
it may be either sown broadcast or com
posted for use. If a liberal supply of
dust is kept under the roosts (by dust
we mean loam or clay thoroughly dried
and pulverized), it will not be necessary
to remove the droppings daily, even
weekly.
Frequent cultivation and stirring of
tho soil in dry weather, presenting thus
more points of attraction to the atmose
phere and heavier deposits of dew, is
the best remedy for drought, while deep
plowing is the best preventative.
An excellent means to preserve har
ness, and indeed all kinds of leather
trappings from the injurious effects of
stables is said to bo to add a littlo glye
crino to the grease ordinarily em
ployed.
A horse will do at least a third more
plowing in hot weather if fed on oats
than be will if feed on corn.
Job Printing neatly aud cheaply
executed at this office
THE SINGER SEWING MACHINE.
The People's Favorite,
THE LARGEST SALES BECAUSE THE MOST POPULAR.
The Most Popular Because the Best.
VERDICT OF THE LADIES.
THE stubborn fact, shown by the official returns, that the Singer Sewing Machine
the only one whose sales have largely and steadily increased cveiy year, uninterrupt
edly—that last year the sales more than doubled those of the neit. highest competitor,
and nearly equalled the sales of all the other companies combined, demonstrates beyond
all controversy that
THE SINGER SEWING MACHINE
is the most popular, because, in the estimation of the ladies of the country, is superior
to any other ma ufacturcd. The following returns of sales, sworn to by each company
tells the story :
Sales in 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875.
By the Singer 131,2(10 219,758 232,444 241,679 249,852
Wheeler & Wilson 128,526 174,088 119,190 92,827 103,740
Howe (Jan. 1, to July 1) 34,010 145,000 No returns 35,000 25,000
Remington 25,110
Domestic 10,397 49,555 40,114 22,700 21,452
Sales for 1876, 262,316 Machines.
Sa?es Still Increasing. All Competition Distanced.
Send your address for a catalogue of the celebrated B AZAAR GLOVE-FITTING PAT
TERNS. They are the best, the cheapest and most stylish patterns in the market.
Address
% C. S. BEATTY,
The Singer Manufacturing Cos. | O ro. w°le‘onard"aki“ ll ’ ° B '
J Cor. Broad and Ala. St. Atlanta, Ga.
W. 11. T ORRENCE,
rnnyS* Canvassing Agent for Gordon County.
THE OLDEST HOUSE IN CALHOUN
Estabished 1857.
ISTEW G OODS ! USTHTW GOODS
WE are pleased to notify our friends that we arc uow iyin in a .arge and superi
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SoasonaU>le Goods.
Those who wish Hai’gaillS will give us a call.
FOSTER & HAKLAN.
REMINGTON
SEWING MACHINES, FIIIE.ARMS, AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
The “Remington Sewing Machine” has sprung rapidly into favor as possessing the
ILst Combination of good qualities, namely: Light Running—Smooth—Noiseless-
Rapid—Dur ble—with perfect Lock Stitch.
It is a Shuttle Machine with automatic Drop Feed. Design beautiful and construc
tion the very best.
The “Remington Sewing Machine” has received premiums at many Fairs thvough
out the United States, and without effirt took the grand Medal of Progress—tliebighest
order of Medal that was awarded at the late Vienna Exposition.
The Remington AVorks also manufacture the new Double-Barrelled Breech-Loading
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and cheapness—and the Celebrated Remington Rifles—adopted bv nine different Gov
ernments—and renowned throughout the world for Military, Hunting and Target pur.,
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llocs, Shovels, Cultivators, Road Scrapers. Patent Excavators, Hay Tedders, Cotton
Gins, Iron Bridges. &o. Good Agents Wanted. Send for Circulars.
jan2G-6m E. REMINGTON ,j- SONS, Ilion, N. Y.
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A COMPACT, N IMP LI?, DURABLE,
Light ItunmnK and EFFICIENT “LOCK.
STITCH” MACHINE. ADAPTED to tlio
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SUPERIOR in Strength and Beauty,
contains loss Working Parts and isCspstl#
of DOING a tcitler range ot Work than other
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