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CttllfSUUt? s!♦
Table of Weight
Bushel*. Lbs.
Wheat., 60
Shelled corn 56,
Corn in the ear 70
Peas 60
Rye 56
Oatg ~..82
Parley 47
Irish Potatoes 68
Sweet Potatoes 65
White Beans 58
Castor Beans 46
Clover Seed 60
Timothy Seed 46
Flax Seed 56
Hemp Seed 44
liugt, Smutt Aud Fungi on Plants.
In reply to an article which appeared
in the lowa State Register, Mr. Milton
Briggs, of Kellogg, in that State, writes
as follows,upon the subject of rust,smut,
&c :
The subjectof sporadic life has of late
engaged the attention ol many scientific
men, both in this country and Europe ;
but of what has yet been discovered, no
reliable or definite scientific s'stem can
be said to give the true functions of fun
gi or sporadic life.
As theory is cheap, I will give some
of my thoughts in connection with the
subject, but no theories but what ore
backed up by facts that have come with
in my observation in the last twenty
five years, in traveling in different cli
mates. In the first place, mankind are
generally inclined to take too narrow
views of natural phenomena, and treat
as mere casual or incidental circumstan
ces, great and important facts, that are
only explained through the principles
of cause and effects as based upon the
unchangeable law of nature. YVe spend
too much time in hunting for specifics
for the various ills that afflict us,instead
of investigating causes, and the under
lying principles of what seems to be in
formalities and defects in nature. Every
condition of soil, climate and other
physical elements, seem to have a special
adaptation tqsome certain form or species
of plant or animal life; and all plants in
a normal condition seem to be perfect in
their formation,and adapted to surroud
ing elements.
The wheat plant, for instance, seems
to have its origin in a volcanic soil, as
in such soils we find nearly all the types
of our cereals—wheat, barley, rye and
other similar types —a similar growth of
the soil, these the only grasses or spe
cies of plant life in the same locality in
a normal condition. Again, on such
soils in California—formerly considered
■entirely barren, because of the absence
of organic matter —wheat is found to
produce fifty and sixty bushels per acre,
and both plant and berry perfect in
structure. The pear blight, so much
discussed by pomologists in this country,
with so many specifics furnished by
different individuals (all of which seem
to fail,) can be accounted for only in
the fact of being thrown out of its own
natural habit by planting in an uncon
genial soil, and perhaps climate —and
thus we undertake to pervert the laws
of nature by the intervention of speci
fics. The pear tree, even in lowa,flour
ishes and bears fruit abundantly under
certain conditions only, and that is on
soils considered entirely barren, on hill
sides where the soil is washed away,and
a clay bed on rock foundation is left.—
This fact reveals the natural habits of
the pear tree.
An abnormal or defective growth of
plant life, caused by rust and blight,
suggest the idea of a condition of decay,
or in other words, a change in organic
structure; and incipient life in anew
form are usually
taining the natural habit of different
plants, a deficiency in the soil can, to
some extent, be supplied, and a success
made by proper cultivation. The in
troduction of lime, potash, iron and salt,
in proper quantities about the roots of
the trees, has resulted in great success
income cases where otherwise fruit trees
would not live and bear fruit. The
great abundance of organic matter in
most of our prarie soil induces an ab
normal growth at times, under certain
conditions of heat and moisture ; and
hence the result of rust, fungi, blight
and smut, that injure our crops of grain
and grass, as well as fruit trees. As to
specifics, I have but little faith. \et
some of the evils can in a measure be
counteracted. I find that deep plough
ing new land grows the same grasses
cleaner, sweeter, more free from dust,
and much better ielished by stock than
where they have giown on the surface
soil without ploughing. Coating gram
for seed with ashes, plaster and other
minerals,before sowing,usually produces
a better crop and more free from the
various forms of blight. This,doubtless,
results from the roots of the plants be
ing supplied with their requisite food
for healthy growth As to the effects
of rust and smut on the health of ani
mals, I have observed in feeding timo
thy hay taken from new land, the first
crop, and badly rusted, that abortion
was produced on some cows, and horses
affected by the stoppage of water, kid
ney diseases, that produced death in
some cases. Smut on oorn I think less
injurious, but it doubtless acts as a slow
poison.
How TO Take Care of Horses.—
For a saddle or carriage horse that is
driven or ridden every day a * eck of
oats, and what good hay he will eat may
bi given, If the hay is not good, add
a quarter of a peck more oats. A horse
which works harder may have rather
more of each; one that works little
should have less.
Back feedings is wasteful The bet
ter plan is to feed with or without chop
ped hay, from a manger, because the
food is not then thrown about, and is
more easily chewed aud digested. Keep
a lump of rock salt constantly before
the horse so that they may eat it at
will; no more will be taken than is re
quired. By the system as commonly
practised, of feeding salt at regular, in
tervals,animales sometime take too much
but oftener get too littlo.
and Measures.
Bushels. Lbs.
Blue Grass Seed...l4
Buckwheat 52
Dried peaches 38
Dried apples 24
Onion 57
Salt fO
Stone coal 88
Malt... 40
Bran 20
Turnips 55
Plastering Hair 8
Unslacked Lime...Bo
Corn Meal ; 47
Fine Salt 54
Ground Peas 23
Theory of Fatteuiug Animals.
As this is the season of the year with
great multitudes of for fatten
ing stock for the butcher, the following
theory may be of special service to those
w’ho give it a trial. Mr. Lawes, of
England, makes the following important
suggestions on the waste of food during
respiration,*and its relationship to the
fattening of animals.
He remarks that in the case of animals
fed for the butcher the econemy of the
lee ling p occss will be greater, the less
the amount of food expended by res
piration, in the production of a given
amount of increase; and it is equally
obvious that one ready and efficient
means of lessening the proportion of
waste or expenditure to the increase of
the products,is to lessen as far as posible,
the time taken to produce it. In other
words, to fatten as quickly as possible.
Thus, from experiments made by him,
he assures us that a pig weighing 100
pounds will, if supplied with as much
barley meal as he can eat, consume 500
pounds of it and double his weight—
that is, increase from 100 to 200 pounds
—in seventeen weeks, lie then points
out that if instead of allowing the pig
to have as much barley meal as he will
e&t, ihe 500 pounds of meal has been
made to lasi many more weeks, the re
sult would had been that the animal
would have appropriated a correspond
ingly large proportion of the food for
the purpose of respiration, and a corres
pondingly less proportion in the produc
tion of increase.
In other words, if the 500 pounds of
barley meal were distributed over a lon
ger period of time, it would give less in
crease in live weight, and a larger pro
portion of it would be employed in the
maintenance of the life of the animal.
Inleed, it the period of consumption of
the 500 pounds of meal be sufficiently
extended, the resu't will be ths.t no in
crease whatever will be produced, and
the whole of the food, except the portion
obtained as manure, will be expended in
sustaining the animal’s existence. It
is well worthy of the attention of those
who are engaged in the fattening of an
imals, to see by experiments whether or
not these suggestions are well founded
* ——
How to Elevate the Farmer.
A young man who had resolved to
devote himself to farming, finding him
self discouraged by what he believed to
be the low rank assigned to the “mere
farmer,” as compared with the members
of other callings, recently asked us to
tell him by what means farmers can as
sume the rank, exert the influence and
consideration to well-being of the com
munity seem to be entitled. We answer
ed him : Farmers can elevate themselves
to a level with the loftiest and most hon
orod in the State.
1. By improving their education gen
erally as well as professionally.
2. By using the means which science
has pointed out as the best for the cul
tivation of the soil and its permanent
improvement.
3. By keeping only the best breeds
of domestic animals, and feeding and
caring for them in the best manner.
4. By the use of the most approved
labor saving machinery, that is. substi
luting machinery as much as possi*
ble for human labor.
5. By raising those crops whbh with
reference to soil, climte means of trans
portation, markets, supply and demand,
promise the greatest amount of success
and profit; and
6. By demonstrating to cultivated
men, that farming is an agreeable and
enlightening occupation, and that the
farmer’s dwelling can be made the
abode of taste, culture and refined man
ners.
A Bad Habit.
A farmer can get into no habit worse
than that of borrowing tools,and for this
reason : First, one who owns tools does
not like to lend them, and he thinks
less of the man who borrows. Second,
one never comes to learn how to use
borrowed tools nor to keep them in or
der ; and third, he who borrows never
can be a good farmer. It is true that a
young man just starting may be allowed
to borrow some.but he should not estab
lish that habit ; or a man may borrow a
new implement to see how it works. A
man who borrows is not likely to use a
tool as careful as if it were his own, and
as a consequence he does not do careful,
nice work. What can a man be think
ing about when he borrows a steel plow,
keeps it several days or a week, and
brings it home, as will be most likely
the case, so dull as to be unfit for use ?
The owner can only take it to the shop,
and at his own expense get it sharpened.
If a man lends tools to one, there are
several neighbors who will also want to
borrow ; and thus it is that a harrow,
for instance, may be going round
through the neighborhood all the sea
son. It is every way desirable to culti
vate what is called “good neighborhood,”
but this cannot be done where borrow
ing is practiced.
The farmers constitute the true lan
ded interest of the countrv. It is the
most fixed and permanent interest in the
State or the nation. It is the only in
terest that cannot move away, or run
away, or he driven away. It is the in
terest which underlies all others, and on
which, as on a foundation, all others
depend. It is the foundation basis
of the whole social,political and econom
ic structure. If it prospers, the State
and the nation prosper ; if it languishes, 1
the State and nation languish ; destroy i
it> and the State and the nation must
inevitably perish. It is not so with any
other interest that can be seen or imag
ined. Capital i3 a stream of water, flow
ing whithersoever the attraction for the
time being greatest. To-day it-is in New
York, to-morrow in London, and day
after in Paris or Vienna. Nothing on
earth is more uns able, less fixed, less
permanent, less to be depended on.—
When most needed, panic drives it to a
hiding-place, even to the opposite side
of the globe. War annihilates it, and
puts debt in its stead, which land is left
to pay. The land only is the ever relia
able basis of the State.
— ■
By thinking evil of another you loose
allAhe benefit he might be to you, and j
avert none of the injury. 1
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The Scientific American is the cheap
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Engravings, illustrating Improvements,
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D \m\m conTlec *i on with the
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I PROPOSE TO OPEN ON
Monday, January 10th, 1874,
CALHOUN MALE AND FEMALE
HIGH SCHOOL.
Assisted by Mrs. M. E. FIELD, a known
and experienced instructress. The school
wdll be uivided into three grades, the Pri
mary. Intermediate and Academic. The
PRIMARY DEPARTMENT
will embrace the following studies:
Holmes’ Speller and Reader;, Nos. 1,
2,3 and 4, Maury’s Geography,
No. 1, Primary Arithmetic and
Practical Lessons in Penmanship, S2O 00
INTERMEDIATE.
English Grammar, Geography, Mau
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First Lessons in English Compo
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through Simple Equations, with
Reading, Elocution and Spelling, S3OOO
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Fine Arts and Instrumental Music at Pro
fessor’s charges.
The scholastic year will be divided into
two terms of 24 and 16 weeks each.
TUITION FEES.
Primary Department, Ist term sl2 00
Intermediate “ “ “ 18 00
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Incidental expenses per term 1 00
Tuition paid quarterly in advance.
It is desired that patrons send in prompt
ly the first week, that all may be present at
the tormation of classes. We earnestly so
licit the patronage of the vicinity and coun
ty, and hope by arduous effort to merit your
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W, C. HOLMES. A. M., Principal.
Mrs. M. E. FIELD Assistant.
nov26-tf
VICKIS
FLORAL GUIDE
For 1875.
Published Yiuirterly,—January No"
just issued, and contains over 100 pages,
500 engravings, descriptions of more than
500 of our best Flowers and Vegetables,
with directions for culture, colored plate’
etc. The most useful and elegant work of
the kind in the world. Only 25 cents for
the year. Published in English and German.
Address
JAMES VICK, Rochester, N. Y.
and ee23-3m.
IttttUniial
F SIMMONS/1
kREGULATOR^
The Favorite Home Remedy.
This unrivalled Medicine is warranted
rot to contain a single particle of Mercury,
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PURE VEGETABLE,
Containing those Southern Roots and Herbs
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derangement of the Liver and Bowels.
Simmons’ Live r Regulator
Or Medicine, is eminently a Family medi
cine ; and by being kept ready for imme
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fering and many a dollar in time and Doc
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After over Forty Years’ trial, it is still
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sicians commend it as the most
Effectual Specific for Dyspepsia Of Indl*
GESTION. Armed with this Antidote, all
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lessness, Jaundice, Nausea, IT HAS NO
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Best Family Medicine in the World! Is
manufactured only by
J. H, ZEILIN & CO.,
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Price, $1 00. Sold by all Druggists.
Won cl e i * fix 1 Medicine
THE FAMOUS
GLOBE FLOWER SYRUP!
CURES, AS IF BY MAGIG,
Colds , Coughs , Bronchitis , Hoarseness,
Obstinate Lung Affections Asthma,
Croup , Bleeding of the Ijungs ,
Plerusity , Difficulty of Breath
ing, Loss of voice,
AND WILL CURE
CONSUMPTION,
As 50,000 grave-robbed witnesses testify.
No opium. Nothing poisonous. Delicious
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Bequeaths to prosterity one of the greatest
blessings SOUND LUNGS and immunity
from CONSUMPTION.
one hundred thousand bottles
have been used, and not a single failure
knowm. Thousands, of testimonials of won
derful cures, such as the following, can be
seen at the office of the Proprietors, No. 60
Broad street. Atlanta Ga., or will be sent,
on application, to any who doubt.
For sale by all druggists.
Dr. J. S. PEMBERTON & Cos.,
Proprietors , Atlanta, Ga.
READ ! READ!!
CONSUMPTION CURED!
Office of 0. Sackett, Drugs & Medicines,
New Albany, Ind„ April 10, 1870.
Dr. J. S. Pemberton , Atlanta , Ga.: Dear
Sir—l have received your circulars, and in
consequence of the dlstributton, 1 have sold
about six dozen Globe Flower Syrup in
the last tw weeks. The Globe Flower
Syrup is gaining great celebrity. I recom
mend it in two cases of consumption. One
case was bed-fast; had not laid on but one
side for two years ; hemorrhages almost
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except prostration, which is rapidly im
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other case is similar, with same good re
sults. I can send you many testimonials if
you Want them.
Yours truly, etc., 0. SACKETT.
Hombolt, Tenn., April 18, 1874.
Dr, J. S. Pemberton, Atlanta Georgia:
Dear Sis—l bought from nedvvine & Fox
two bottles of your GTobe Flower Cough
Syrup, which has cured me of a severe cough
and bleeding from the lungs—which I had
been afflicted with for over twelve months.
One of my friends, who had been afflicted
with a terrible weakening cough and bleed
ing from the lungs for nearly two
years, was cured by the use of four bot
tles of your Globe Flower Syrnp. I
have taken all kinds of Cough and Lung
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great blessing to the world. God speed you
in the introduction of it.
J. RID GE
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 26, 1874
Dr, S Pemberton : Dear Sir —l have used
your GTobe Flober Cough Syrup myself,
and in my family, with benefits so marked
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shall always use it with perfect confidence,
and recommended it to the public as a rem
edy which will afford that satisfaction ex
perienced by me and mine.
Very respectfully yours,
JAMES’ M. SMITH
Governor State of Georgia.
'f&nfe THE GREAT cause
Unman Misery.
Just Published, in a Sealed Envelope. Price
six cents.
A Lecture on the Nature, Treatment and
Radical cure of Seminal Weakness, or Sper
matorrlioe, induced by Self-Abuse, Involun
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Consumption, Epilepsy, and Fits; Mental
and Physical Incapacity, &c.—By ROBERT
J, CULVER WELL, M. D., author of the
“Green Book,” &c.
The world-renowned author, in this ad
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The Lecture will prove a boon to thou
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Sent under seal, in a plain envelope, to
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po-t stamps.
Address the Publishers.
„ CHAS. J.C. KLINE & CO.,
127 Bowery N. Y., P. 0. Box 4586.
Job Printing neatly and cheaply ex
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She Calhoun Sinus.
GOOD AND CHEAP READING.
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CONTAINING EACH WEEK
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ITS LOCAI, DHPA.RTMTC3STT
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And is a for Advertisers unsurpassed in this section o
the State. Ratesjreasonable.
D. B. FREEMAN, Proprietor.
-#2O
- BUY A
First Premium Mortgage Bond
bF THE
N. Y. Industrial Exhibition Cos.
These bonds are issued for the pnrpose of
raising fundf for the erec ion ot a building
in the City of Vew Yolk, to beuSed for ~
Perpetual World’s Fair,
a permanent home where every tmaufactu
rer can exhibit and sell his goods, and every
planter can show his invention; a centr"-
of industry which wili prove a vast benefit
to the whole country.
"or this purpose the Legislature of ih o
State of New York has granted a charter to
a number of our most wealthy and respect
able merchants, and these gentlemen have
purchased no less than eight blocks of lh e
most valuable land in .he City of New York
The building to be erected will be seven
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space of 22 acres*. It will be constructed
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The bods, which are all for S2O each, are
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them popular, the directors have decided
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Every bondholder must receive at least
$21.00, but he may receive
Or $35,000, SIO,OOO, or $5,000, or $3,000,&c
EVERY BOND
purchased before January 4th, 1875, will
participate in the
THIRD SERIES DRAWING,
Held MONDAY, JANUARY 4th, 1875.
Capital Premium, SIOO,OOO.
These Drawings take place every three
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ticipate in them.
Address, for bonds and full information
MORGENTHAU, BRUNO & CO. ’
Financial Agents,
23 Park Bote, New York.
Post Office Drhwei* 29.
Remit by Draft on A . Y. City Banks, Reg
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Postponements impossible un
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deo23-6m.
THE sny.
WEEKLY AND DAILY F OR 1875.
The apnroach of the Presidential election
gives unusual importance to the events and
developments of 1875. We shall endeavor to
describe them fully, faithfully and fearless
ly-
THE WEEKLY SUN has now attained
a circulation of over seventy thousand
copies. Its readers are found in every
State and Territory, and its quality is well
known to the public. We shall not only en
deavor to keep it fully up to the old stand
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and power.
THE WEEKLY SUN will continue to be
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and always, we trust, treated in a clear,
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It is our aim to make the WEEKLY SUN
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The Agricultural Department is a promi
nent feature in the WEEK Li’ SUN, and it*
articles will always be found fresh and
useful to the farmer.
The number of men independent in •poli
ties is increasing, and the WEEKLY SUN
is their paptr especially. It uelong* to no
party, and obeys no dictation, contending
for principle, and for the election of the
best hien. It exposes the corruption that
disgraces the country and threatens the
overthrow of republican institutions. It
has no fear of knaves, ard seeks no favors
from their supporters.
The markets of every kind and the fash
ions are regularly roported in its columns.
The price of the WEEKLY SUN is one
dollar a year for a sheet of eight pages,
and fifty-six columns. As this barely pays
the expenses of paper and printing, we are
not able to make any discount or allow any
premium to friends who may make special
efforts to extend its circulation. Under the
new law, which requires payment of pos
tage in advance, one dollar a year, with
twenty cents the cost of prepaid postage
added, is the rate of subscription. Ii is not
necessary to get up a club iu order to have
the WEEKLY SUN at this Vate. Any one
tvho sends one dollar and twenty cents v> ill
get the paper, post paid, fora year.
We have no traveling agents.
THE WEEKLY SUN—Eight pages,
fifty-six columns. Only $1.20 a year,
postage prepaid. No diseounts from this r ate.
THE DAILY SUN —A large four-page
newspapei of twenty-eight columns. Daily
circulation over 120,000. All the news for
2 cents. Subscription, postage prepaid 55
cents a month, or $6.50 a year. To clubs
of 10 or over, a discount of 20 per cent.
Address,
“THE SUN,” New York City.
fob printing.
JOB PRINTING !
are constantly adding new maieria
OUR JOB DEPARTMENT
and increasing our facilities for th cxecu
tion of Job Printing of all kinds. We art
now prepared to print, in neat style on short
notice,
CARDS, LEGAL BLANKS,
CIRCULARS, BLANK NOTES
BILL HEADS, BLANK RECEIPTS
LETTER HEADS, ENVELOPES,
TICKETS, LABELS,
Fosters, pamphlet &c., &&
W r e guarantee satisfaction. Don’t send
your orders away to have them filled when
you have an establishment at home that will
execute work neatly, and at
AT EXCEEDINGLY LOW RATES.
Give your patronage tc he Times Jcb of
office. Specimens can be seen at our effice.
' Job Printing reatly and cheaply ex
ecuted a* this office.