Newspaper Page Text
1878.
/arm, (Sarbcit anb /irtsibc.
Fertilizers.
Concentrated fertilizers should not,
under any ordinary conditions, bo
applied in the autumn. The reason
is that by the rapidity of the change,
the active elements offood are brought
almost immediately to the open mouths
of plants, and thus by absorption they
are stimulated to growth when growth
is not desirable. A plant is not ben
efited if it is fed just before agents
are ready to cut it down and arrest
all activity. Besides this, the appli
cation of active fertilizers in the fall
is attended with loss in other direc
tions. Substances like nitrate of soda
and potash, and chloride of potassium
are quite soluble, and the liquid is apt
to run away if facilities are afforded.
If applied to aside hill late in autu.nn,
when a glaze of ice is possible, almost
a total loss may result if a brook re
ceive the washings of the hills. On
porous, absorptive soils, the disolved
salts may sink too deep into the soil
during a long winter and early spring.
Our method has been to apply chem
ical fertilizers to grass lands in the
spring, not too early, just before
growth begins. Results have been
highly satisfactory in all cases. Far
mers must remember never to apply
nitrate of soda alone or uncombined.
This salt aids greatly in the growth
of the rich grasses, but if applied by
itself it may do harm. Combine it
always with good superphosphate,
and ihen its maximum effects are
seen. We are certain that this im
portant fact is not well understood ;
it is a fact learned by deduction and
experience. No one of the active
agents of plant food does well alone,
save perhaps superphosphate, and
this benefit is largely confined to root
crops. As soon as farmers understand
how to use and when to use the con
centrated fertilizers as top dressings
to grass lands, these will be much
more extensively employed than at
present —Journal of Chemistry.
The Constitution of Soils.
In the course of a recent lecture
Professor William H. Brewer said that
the soil on which we tread, and from
which we obtain our sustenance, is all
derived from the rocks, from decayed
racks, r<r, ns x>mo ; l! them .“demor
alized ” rocks. Rocks decay as truly
as wood decays, and more rapidly in
hot, moist climates than in temperate
regions. Brazil is full of decayed
rocks. Water containing carbolic acid
is a powerful solvent of limestone,
and even of granite. Some of the
most noted caves in the world were
undoubtedly caused by the action of
water saturated with carbonic acid
formed by the decay of vegetable mat
ter in forests. Frost also aids in the
decay of rocks. Cold expands water,
and, as it freezes, the rocks are burst
asunder, exposing a greater surface
to the future action of the elements.
One advantage in fall plowing is from
the exposure of the fragments of rock
in the soil to the action of frost in
winter. We have all noticed the dif
ference between sea sand and land
sand, the former being smooth and
rounded by the action of the water,
while the latter is sharp and angular,
the grains having been repeatedly
cracked and broken by frost.
To Keep Eggs Over Winter.
The Farmer’s Advocate, London,
Ontario, recently offered a prize for
the best method of keeping eggs over
winter. The receipt given below took
the prize:
Whatever excludes the air prevents
the decay of the egg. What I have
found to be the mowt successful meth
od of doing is to place a small quan
tity of salt butter in the palm of the
left hand and turn the egg round in it,
so that every pore of the shell is closed;
then dry a sufficieut quantity of bran
in an oven (be sure you have the bran
well dried, or it will rust). Then pack
them with the small ends down, a
layer of bran and another of eggs,
until your box is full; then place in a
cool, dry place. If done when new
laid’ they will retain the sweet milk
and curd of anew laid egg for at least
eio-ht or ten months. An} 7 oil will do,
but salt butter never becomes rancid,
and a very small quantity of butter
will do a very large quantity of eggs.
To insure freshness I rub them when
gathered in from the nests; then pack
when there is a sufficient quantity.”
Why Some Farmers are Poor.
The greatest agent to produce pov
erty among farmers, or any other class
is debt Many farmers will get a deed
of a small piece of land, enough to
support themselves and families, and
lay by a small annual income. But
that is not sufficient, They run in
debt for more land ; and they become
a slave to debt. They pay interest
SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE.
on money borrowed, which will soon
consume the little property they pos
sess. They often pay higher than
ten per cent. Such proceedings en
gender a spirit of discontent, and they
lose faith in farming, sell their farms,
go to town, and enter other business.
In nine cases out of ten every farmer
who is doing well but goes to town
fails outright. Having no faith in
farming, and no breadth of under
standing, they buy the poorest tools
and meanest stock, and drive poor
teams before poorer wagons and agri
cultural machinery. In the fall aud
winter they feed poorly, just enough
to keep their stock alive through the
winter and into spring. Then it takes
all summer to put on that flesh which
was lost in the winter by poor shelter
and bad food. They never put out
fruit or shade trees on their farms.
They always sell their best lambs and
cattle, and keep the poorest at home.
They send their children to school
but little. They do not take agricul
tural papers. They never give their
children money for fear af making
them spendthrifts. In short, they
are miserable people, and would not
keep money if they had it.— Columbia
Republican.
Worth Knowing.
Farmers are frequently bothered
about the proper quantity of seed re
quired to sow an acre. The following
table will be found convenient for
reference. Of course it is intended
for beginners; old farmers aro pre
sumed to be posted on all such prob
lems. It may be as well to say that
very much depends upon the condi
tion of the land. When the land is
rocky, stumpy, cloddy or grassy,
more seed will be required :
Wheat, per acre, three-fourths to
one bushel; Barley, two bushels;
Oats, one to two bushels; Rye, three
fourths to one bushel; Hungarian
Grass, half bushel; Blue Grass, one
and a half to two bushels; Millet,
broad east, three-fourths to one bush
el : Sugar Millet, one to two bushels;
Orchard Grass, two to two and a half
bushels; Red Top, two to two and a
half bushels ; Clover, Red, broad cast,
fifteen to twenty pounds; Clover,
White, broad cast, twelve to fifteen
pounds; Lucerne, broadcast, twelve
to fifteen pounds : Lucerne, in drills,
five to ten pounds; Red Clover, sown
in tfie' ikff or Bpriiigp'on grain mixed
with clover, ten pounds, and one-fourth
bushel Timothy, and one bushel Red
Top; or, Clover, ten bushels and one
bushel Orchard Grass.
What We Eat.
A writer in the American Journal of
Microscopy has been making some very
interesting experiments to find the
difference between butter and that
anomolous compound which has found
its way into our households, called by
that euphonious name Oleomargarine.
In the oleomargarine he found numer
ous feathery crystals and globules. In
the butter he found none ofthe feath
ery crystals, but globules in plenty.
He found also in the oleomargarine
fragments of tissue, and very suspi
cious looking cells, which may be the
larval forms or eggs of “ entozoa.”
Now, it is not a very comfortable
feeling for one to have, after eating
what he thought was butter, to dream
of sundry entozoatic parasites floating
about in the system, sapping the vi
tality and driving you into a disso
lution.
Hygiene.
Diverting Children. —When a
child is hurt, never hush its cries. It
is inexcusable barbarity ; it is repress
ing its instincts ; and for this reason,
if physical punishment is inflicted up
on a child it is perfect brutality. A
thousand times better is it to soothe
by kindly stories, by explaining pic
tures or by providing it with new
toys. We have many a time, says a
famous doctor, in our professional ex
perience as to sick children, found
more benefit to be derived from a
beautiful or interesting toy than from
a dose of physic. The greatest hu
manity a mother can exhibit in res
pect to her sick child is to divert it,
divert it, divert it, in all pleasing -ways
possible, as we ourselves, who are
larger children, feel sometimes really
sick when a cheerful face and much
loved friend has come in, and before
we know it, we have forgotten what
was the matter with us.
Something Worth Trying. —A new
remedy for catarrh is crushed cubeb
berries smoked in a pipe, emitting the
smoke through the nose ; after a few
trials this will be easy to do. If the
nose is stopped up so that it is impos
sible to breathe, one pipeful will make
the head as clear as a bell. For sore
throat, asthma and bronchitis, swal
lowing the smoke effects immediate
relief. It is the best remedy in the
world for offensive breath, and will
make the most foul breath pure and
sweet. Sufferers from the most hor
rible disease, ulcerated catarrh, will
find this remedy unequaled, and a
month’s use will cure the most obsti
nate case. Eating the uncrushed ber
ries is also good for sore throat and
all bronchial complaints. After smok
ing do not expose yourself to cold air
for at least fifteen minutes. The ber
ries are perfectly harmless, and there
is no use in going to “ catarrh doc
tors ” while you can procure this rem
edy. They can be procured at any
drug store. —Chicago Tribune.
Rapid eating produces many evil
results. There is not enough saliva
mixed with the food ; the coarse pieces
resist the action ofthe digestive fluids;
the food is washed down with drinks
which dilute the gastric juice, and
hinders its work ; we do not appreci
ate the quantity we eat until the
stomach is overloaded ; failing to get
the taste of our food, we thirds it in
sipid, and hence use condiments which
over stimulate the digestive organs.
In these various ways the appetite is
depraved, the stomach vexed, and
the foundations of dyspepsia laid.
The quantity aud quality of food
required vary with the habits and ago
of each individual. The diet of a
child should be largely vegetable, and
more abundant than that of an aged
person. A sedentary occupation re
quires less food than out door life.
One accustomed to manual labor, on
entering school, should practice self
denial until his system becomes fiited
to the new order of things. He should
not, however, fall into the opposite
error. We read of great men who
have lived on bread and water, and
the conscientious student sometimes
thinks that, to be great, he, too must
starve himself. On the contrary, the
greatest workers are the greatest eat
ers. A powerful engine needs a cor
responding furnace. Only we should
be careful not to use more fuel than is
needed to run the machine.
Our Resources.
We are indebted to the kindness of
Mr. M urdoch, Secretary ofthe Charles
ton Bagging Company, for a speci
men of Jute, grown by a gentleman
of Abbeville, this season. Mr. Mur
doch says it is a fine sample, superior
to anv imported artick- 'The sample
is more than five feet long, the fibre
fine, glossy, and very strong. The
lower part, near the butt, is the part
used for bagging; the finer portion
of the fibre is used for bags of better
quality, and for mixing with flax, cot
ton or other staples.
Jute can be grown in every portion
of the State. It requires nothing like
the labor and expense demanded by
cotton. The process of rotting and
preparing is simple, and the cultiva
tion is confined to about four months.
The stockholders of the Charleston
Bagging Company, at its last meet
ing, (a few days since), resolved to
increase their stock, and fill the build
ing with machinery. This is an evi
dence that there is money in Jute,
and we hail the introduction of every
new feature in agriculture that will
draw the mind from cotton, as prom
ising.
(D Intoni.
Died in Graniteville, S. C., October
6th, 1878, Mrs. Mary A. Harlden,
in the 22nd year of her age. She was
the daughter of Mr. George and Mrs.
M. C. West, the oldest members of
our community, and of the Methodist
Church in this place. The pastors
who have served this work will read
ily call to mind this excellent Chris
tian family. Mary, the subject of
this memoir, was in early girlhood an
earnest and punctual Sunday-school
scholar, with a remarkably sweet
voice and winning manners. In child
hood, while her heart -was yet tender,
she consecrated herself to the service
of her Saviour, maintaining her Chris
tian consistency to the close of life.
Her death, which was sudden and un
expected, occurred just one year after
her marriage. Unconscious for the
most part until death released her
spirit, she was incapable of giving a
dying testimony as to her readiness
to “ depart and be with Christ.” But
though this would have been gratify
ingto herstricken husband and friends,
yet it was not necessary. Her beau
tifully consistent Christian life was a
sufficient guarantee to them of her
safety, and they are satisfied of her
felicity. “ Blessed are the dead which
die in the Lord.” J. A. M.
James C. Porter was born August
17th, 1806, and died in Marion County,
S. C., November 4th, 1878. Brother
Porter had been a member ofthe M.
E. Church, South, fe about sixteen
years. He was a charitable man.
We never knew him to speak evil of
any one. He delighted greatly in
having the preacher at his house, and
was ever ready to the utmost of his
ability to minister unto his comfort
and welfare. His religious experi
ence was never what he desired it to
be ; but his last illness seemed to bring
him nearer unto God, and, it is hoped,
worked out for him a far more exceed
ing and eternal weight of glory. Ho
said if he died he would go safely,
and if he lived it would be to glorify
God. S. J. H.
Mr. John Wilbanks was born in
Spartanburg County, S. C., Decem
ber 6th, 1786, and died within four
miles of where he was born, Novem
ber 11th, 1878, in peace. He had
been a member of the Methodist
Church for many years, and died in
the communion of the Methodist Pro
testant Church. He was very kindly
cared for by his children in his de
clining years, receiving from them
unremitted attentions. Avery large
concourse of relatives and friends at
tended his burial services at Belmont
Church. Wm. W. M.
A Letter from H. B. Pickenpack.
Charleston,July 12, 1878.
Holman Pad Company: On the 4th
day 7 of the present month, through
the earnest solicitations of many
friends, I called at your office and pur
chased one of your Pads, prior to
which time I had a scrofulous affec
tion on the left side of my neck, which
had been emitting matter for three
years, and was until I used y'our rem
edies. I had taken almost everything
for its cure, but all to no purpose.
Since wearing your Pad it has thor
oughly 7 healed. 1 have also been af
fected with partial paralysis, to such
an extent that my friends thought 1
was about to be paralyzed ; but, thank
God, by His aid and the useofyour Pad
and Plasters, and Baths, I am feeling
like myself again. Am using the Pad,
and shall continue to have one as long
as I live. Again I say God bless the
Holman Liver Pad Company, and to
all suffering humanity, try 7 the Hol
man Pad. H. B. Pickenpack.
We have tried the Holman Pad, and
recommend it to all:
James B. Low, Atlanta, Ga.; Ilenry
Harris, Falkland, N. C.; T. F. Mc-
Manus, 16 King street, Charleston, S.
-Xi,v-Cj)nt ain A O Stone, Ciuwieslon,
S. C.; O. M. Terry, Commission Mer
chant, Charleston, S. C ; Mrs. Bolger,
Charleston, S. C.; Merritt Rossou,
Gore’s Creek, N. C.; Mrs. Jenkins,
Charleston, S. C.; Dr. D. A. Loomis,
late of Electric College, St. Louis ; Dr.
T. L. Rivers, St. Charles, Mo.; Rev.
Issue Pierson, American Board of
Missions, North China ; Rev. H. Hen
kee, Logan, O.; J. B. Raboleau, Drug
gist, St. Louis, Mo.,
And 500,000 More.
Office King and Market sts.,
Charleston, S. C.
Send for Dr. D. W. Fairchild’s lec
ture, free. Letters answered prompt
ly. FITZMORRIS & FOSTER,
Managers.
Ornamental Hair Work.
WIGS, BRAIDS,
CURLS, FRIZES, &c.,
On hand and made to Order. A full as
sortment of
TOILET AIi'IICEES,
German and French COLOGNES,
Lubin’s, Coudray’s and Atkinson’s
EXTRACTS, TOILET SOAPS,
And TOILET POWDERS.
A fine assortment of English and French
HAIR, TOOTH, and NAIL BRUSHES,
DRESSING, TUCK and FINE COMBS,
POCKET BOOKS, FANS, and a general
assortment of Fancy Goods.
M. L. ASHTON,
313 King Street,
Nearly opposite Society Street.
August 6-6 mo
NIPSON & RAHMING,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
BOOTS, SHOES, TRUNKS, BAGS, ETC.,
233 Kiog street, near Market street,
CHARLESTON, S. C.
Agent for Thomas R. Evans' celebrated ANA
TOMICAL BOOTS and SHOES, easiest and best
fitting in the world.
Also, for Miles and Son, Monroe, Smaltz A Cos.
and other celebrated Makers of Philadelphia and
other cities.
N. B.—Particular attention given to filling or
ders, ail goods guaranteed as represented.
T. S. NIPSON.
Nov. 16-6 mos J. C. RAHMING.
LANDRETH’S
Old Established Seed House.
I have received a Large Supply of Improved
Yellow Ruta Baga, Early Dutch, Red Top, Large
Globe, Amber Globe, Norfolk, and other Turnips.
Also, Early and Late Cabbages, Cauliflower, etc.
House Furnishing Seed supplied to trade at Low
Prices. WM. J. MILLER,
August 6-4 mo Sign of Plough, 353 King Street.
J. S. TERRY & CO.,
Successor to Tebrt A Nolkb,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN
STRAWBERRIES, ICE, PEACHES,
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUITS,
APPLES, POTATOES, FISH,
GAME AND PICKED POULTRY.
Cash in advance or city acceptance.
Nov. 2-3 mo Market St., Charleston S. C.
GET THE BEST
AND THE CHEAPEST.
REYNOLDS’ READERS!
Adopted by the State Board of Education of
South Carolina.
NO MORE EXPENSIVE CHANGES OF BOOKS !
These Books once purchased by a Parent will
be good for Five Years.
THE NEW AND IMPROVED EDITION IS
NOW READY!
reynolelTreaders,
IN FIVE WELL GRADED NUMBERS.
For Introductory and Exchange Prices, address
the Publishers.
READ WHAT THE BEST TEACHERS OF OUR STATE SAY
OF them;
State of South Carolina.
Office of State Superintendent of Education,
Columbia, September sth 1878.
Messrs. Walker, Evans A Cogswell:
Gentlemen : It gives me pleasure to inform you
that REYNOLDS’ READERS and COPY BOOKS
have been placed upon the list of books adopted
for the use of the public schools in this State.
Very respectfully,
HUGH S. THOMPSON,
State Sup't Education.
From School Commissioner, Union County, S. C.
Jonesvillb, S. C. Sept. 19th, 1878.
Messrs. Walker, Evans A Cogswell:
Dear Sirs: lain truly rejoiced that we have a
State Board who seem disposed to encourage
Southern publications. Our schools have been
flooded with Northern books, many of which are
very obnoxious to our poople. We must have
books of our own, which are in accordance with
tho tastes of the South.
Let me congratulate you in securing the patron
age for Reynolds’ Readers and Copy Books.
Respectfully, A. A. JAMES.
From Henry P. Archer , Principal Bennett Public
School , and Member State Board of Education.
Charleston, S. C., October Ist, 1878.
Having carefully examined Reynolds' Series of
Readers, as published by Messrs. Walker, Evans
A Cogswell, I do not hesitate to say that in point
of literary merit, typographical beauty, and me
chanical execution, they are admirably adapted
to the wants of our County Public Schools.
They reflect the sentiments of authors “to the
manor born,” and, as an encouragement to honest
enterprise and native talent, should be placed at
once in the hands of every child in tho State.
Fi’om some Prominent School Commissioners in
South Carolina.
“We, the County School Commissioners of
South Carolina, have examined Prof. Reynolds'
Series of Readers, published by Duftie A Chap
man, of Columbia, S. C., and believe that they
aro admirably adapted to the purpose for which
they are designed; and have no hepitancy in re
commending them to the Private Schools of this
State.
“A. A. JAMES, Union County.
“ R. LA THAN, York.
“J. E. DUNLOP, Marion.
“W. BERLEY, Lexington.
“ R. H. REID, Spartanburg.
“ W. SUMMER, Newberry.
“ W. J. WHITE, Lancaster.
“R. PORCHER Ouonee.
“I). F. BRADLEY, Pickens.
“W. H. IIAYNIE, Anderson.
“ T. E. LUCAS, Darlington.
“ J. T. WALSH, Horry”
Fi‘om J. P. Pritchard, A. M., Rector Cokesbury
Conference School.
Cokesbury, S. C., Aug. 27th, 1878.
I take pleasure in recommending the Reynolds’
Series to all who are interested or engaged in the
instruction of the young. I used the Series three
years in the Lowndesville Academy, and was very
much pleased with the books. I shall introduce
them as soon as practicable into our School. They
certainly are among the very beat, if not the
very best, that I have ever used.
Very respectfully,
J. P. PRITCHARD,
Rector Cokesbury Conference School.
REYNOLDS’ PWARY READER,
OR PICTORIAL PRIMER!
The cheapest and best Primer offered to the
young children of South Carolina, designed as an
introduction to the Readers.
Office State Superintendent Education.
Columbia, S. C., Sept. 28, 1878.
Messrs. Walker, Evans A Cogswell :
Gentlemen: In reply to your letter of the 27th,
I have to say that I regard Reynolds’ Primer as
introductory to the Readers, and that therefore it
is included in the list of text books adopted by
the State Board of Education.
Very respectfully,
HUGH S. THOMPSON,
State Superintendent Education.
One copy each of the Five Readers and the
Primer will be sent to Teachers or School Officers,
for examination, with a view to introduction, free
of postage, on receipt of ONE DOLLAR.
REYNOLDS 7 * BOOKS.
We beg to announce, that the Copy Books are
being revised by several of the best teachers
of the State, and that new and very fine plates
are being prepared for the improved edition we
propose issuing. All this has caused necessary
delay, and they will not be ready before November
Ist. Teachers desiring to introduce them will be
furnished specimen copies from tho first numbers,
if they will forward their names and enclose Fifty
Cents.
WALKER, EVANS & COGSWELL,
PUBLISHERS,
October 12 CHARLESTON, S. C.
Carriage and Harness Emporium.
WE KEEP THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE
South, and build to order fine custom work.
Ruggies, no top, $85.00 to $200.00; Buggies wi h top,
$150.00 to $400.00. All styles Pony PLaetons Cabrio
lets, Victoria-, Cabs, Kockaways, Coaches, Farnr
and Spring Wagons. 193 Meeting, Southwest cornet
Wentworth street,Charleston,S. C.
August (-4mo LEONARD CHAPIN.
Order your
Apples, Potatoes and Onions,
BANANAS, ORANGES, LEMONS. NUTS, Ac.,
From HENRY BAYER,
Importer and Wholesale Dealer,
Paul, Welch * Co.’s Old Stand,
September 13-3 mo 215 East Bay, Charleaton, S. C
7