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nchned plains, avalanefca . ier r st.ow, -in- :
rupt curvatures, an 1 in no place’ encounter a
stronger grade than t’.t) leet in a mile. 'o ,
cilies°of Charleston, Savannah, and Bruns
wick, have advanced in health at al! seasons
for the last few years; chiefly arising from
the draining of marshes, and the subs’itution
of the dry for rice culture.
■Brunswick, little known heretofore, and re.
cently brought into notice, is situated on a
peninsula at the mouth of Turtle river, or
what may more properly be termed an, arm of
the sea, sixteen miles in length, 'i here is,
perhaps, no town or city in North America,
that combines more advantage for the erec
tion of a great commercial emporium, V ith
24 feet of water on its bar, it has a safe har
bor and good roadsted for shipping, which are
protected by the island of Jekyl lying oh the
the mouth of the river, from the severe eas
terly gales which frequently prevail on the
Atlantic coast at certain seasons of the year.
Jt will shortly be connected by a canal with
the Altamaha, which drains a large, and the
finest part of Georgia, and in a few years by a
Rail Hoad with the Gulf of Mexico, the Apa
lachicola and its important branches, the Flint
and Chattahoochee. It has a good ingress
and egress; is without shoals in its neighbor
hood, and scarcely requires any other pilot
age than that which is afforded by the light
house and buoys; and in three or four hours
after a vessel spreads her sail, she is over the
bar, and on the bosom of the great deep.
Situated in the neighborhood ol almost all the
remaining live-oak in Georgia, and not far
from that in 1' lorida, and accessible to im
mense forests of as fine ranging timber as is
to be found in the world, it must become a
considerable naval station and depot.
From its peculiar peninsular position, and
the features of the country in its vicinity, it
□s highly adapted tor the erection and con
struction of strong military deiences, both in
front and rear. In a few years it wid be ap
proached from every direction noth by land
and water; no point of the Atlantic coast is
rhe weather milder in winter, or the sea
breeze more delicious or bracing in summer
and no place in the Union is more entitled to
the appellation of the Montpelier of America.
This is Brunswick.
About seventy-five miles to the east, is Sa
vannah, on a fine and navigable stream pos-
Hcssing many of the advantages ol Bruns
wick, and destined in a short time to reap
her full share of the import and export busi- ,
ncss. Os Charleston, so well and so favora
bly known, it docs not become me to speak, i
even if" I were qualified, after the late resi- ,
dencc among you of her able and distinguish- I
cd citizen and representative. It is under
stood to be the opinion of Col. Long, our able
Engineer, under whose superintendence and
direction the late reconnoisance and survey
-through the Cherokee country has been ac
complished, that in three years after the com-
Onenccment of the work on the Tennessee
driver, the road will be completed (120 miles) ,
Mo the eastern bank ol the Chattahoochee;
intid I feel confident from what has already j
been done, that in two years more, if not car- j
Tier, a connection will be formed to this latter
point from Brunswick, Savannah, Charleston,
’Vest Point and Columbus! All these circum- i
f iances, then, must necessarily create a de-I
f-ire for Legislative action on the part of Ten
nessee and Kentucky, for the continuation of
.his road from the Tennessee, river to Nash
ville, and from hence to the Ohio in a direc
tion lor Lexington and Louisville, us well as
:omc point near the mouth of the Wabash,
where it is understood several routes from the |
J.akcs and other places will concentrate.
It will also lead to the improvement of the t
navigation of the Tennessee, which, for its ’
length, is the finest river in America. Fed
from the highest mountains and the largest
springs in the United States, it discharges a
greater volume of water in the summer and
fall than the Ohio; and the improvements
that will be made in the rocky beds ol it and
its important branches, will be permanent arH
lusting.
If these views are correct, and I can per
ceive no error in them, it follows, as a matter
«f course, that North and East Alabama, al
most every part of Tennessee, and a very
considerable portion of the west can, and will
jcccivo two-thirds, if not throe-fourths ol
lheir foreign and other supplies though these
Southern channels, ns the safes’, the surest,
ihc nearest, the cheapest, and the most expe
ditious. There is much interesting detail
lhat belongs to this subject, I deem it unneces
sary on the present occasion to enter into it,
Relieving that even the condensed view which
js presented, imperfect as it is, is more than
•was needed to obtain from this government all
lhat Georgia desires.
DANIEL NEWNAN,
Agent fur the State of Georgia.
Nashville, ‘2oth December, 1837.
J Correspondence of the Balt. Cam. franacsipr.
Washington, Feb. 15, 1838.
Mr. Calhoun addressed the Senate to-day on
the sub-treasury bill, though th.* greater por
tion ofhis speech was devoted to the examina
tion of the merits of Mr. Rives substitute, and
certainly not one of the great multitude that
heard him, can but admit that lis arguments a
gainst the project were put with great noWer
and ingenuity. His views of t laiar.cia' no.
■icy of the country, and of the ib-treasu» y
scheme are well known, end his remarks on
these points to-day, differed but little from
those in his speech on the sub-treasury las* ses
sion. His great objection to renew the State
hank system, is that it has been tried, and has
tailed, and therefore undeserving of a second
trial. He recurred to h s having been once
in Savor of the I aiic-l States Bank, a positi m
which h< occupied simply becaus. the connec
tion between that institution and the govern
ment had existed for some limo, and Ik; there
fore was induced by that circumstance not to
be in favor of a divorce. Amr, no such ob
stacle exists. The separation had'takcn place
and he was fully justified in taking a different
position, and which had ever been his true one
in principle.
lie also thought that in the present condi
tion of things, Mr. Rives’ substitute would
prove a dead-teller. J3y it, twenty-five sol
vent banks were to be selected for the public
deposites; whereas at present none were pay
ing in specie; and as to restarting confidence,
for which senators begged, as the first step to
specie payments, he denied that it would be a
sufficient rpniedy.
Mr. Calhoun’s remarks were here distin
guished by that singular terseness of express
ion, with which he conveys in a few forcible
words and novel images, what most other ora
tors require a series of sentences to give vent
to. The whole stale bank system, lie said,
was dead, and lhe project of Mr. Rives was to
galvanize it to life again; it was an exhausted
volcano, that had burnt itself into ashes and
silence, and now it was to be roused to its fu
rious action again.
He had a particular objection to the substi
tute, because it would tend to bring again into
connection with the government, that great in
stitution, the United States Bank of Pennsyl
vania, which singular name, he would for the
sake of brevity, change for that of Mr. Bid
dle's Bank. In the selection of doposite
banks, this bank, he said, would by the finan
cial power ol the man at its head, be at the
head of all others, because it would be the first
to resume. It would be the first on the turf,
but would not start fair with the others, and
soon take the lead. The effect of this
be to raise this institution into the great reser
voir of the moneyed power of the country, and
to establish a bankarchy, and the question
would then be, shall the bunk be the govern
ment, or the government the bank.
Mr. Calhoun also drew a contrast between
the substitute and sub-treasury bill, and at
tempted to show that the plan of the Virginia
Senator was more complicated than the latter;
and infinitely more objectionable on the score
ofexecutive patronage. The conclusion of
this speech was a striking specimen of Cal
houn’s oratory. As he left the course of ar
gument upon the measure, and reverted to his
past legislative career an I his present position,
lira manner nt once assumed that concentrated
energy, and his voice that sharp, nervous vo
lubility, which always are displayed on such
occasions. He expressed his firm determine
tion to pursue the course he now occupied,
and finished his remarks with describing the
measure before the Senate as fraught with ev
ery blessing a country could enjoy and lead
ing to cultivation and refinement.
When Mr. Calhoun had finished, there see
med to be a strange disposition among all the
Senators to be silent, and so long did this last,
that the question was demanded, and the vote
was about to be taken on the substitute, when
Mr. Tipton expressed a desire to say some
thin" on the subject, and fts it was kite ho
i would move to adjourn, which motion prevail
ed. The fact of the Pennsylvania Senators
being instructed to vote against this bill till
next session, has made an important change in
the prospect of the bill being passed. As the
Senate now stands, there would be a lie on the
vote being taken, that is, providing Mr. Trot
ter does not arrive in time to give his vote.
His presence, of course, will give a majority of
one to the supporters of the bill.
In the House there was a long dull debate
upon a bill to continue the session ol the com
missioners in Mississippi for the claims giow
ing out of the Choctaw reservation. The bus
iness in that part of the capitol was arrested
once by the absence of most of the members,
who were in the Senate hearing Mr. Calhoun.
You rs, M •
Correspondence of the Evening Post
Washington, Feb. 15, 1838.
The Senate was crowded to-day, in antici
cipation of a strong effort on the part of Mr.
Callibun, and the expectation was not disap
pointed. The admirers of that peculiarly gif
ted man, pronounce his effort of to-day to
be equal to, if not beyond any speech
he has heretofore made. It was in all res
pects characteristic of the man. It can never
be said of him, that under any circumstances,
or in any position, he blindly followed any file
leaders. Whether right Or wrong, he has al
ways maintained the character of a bold and
original thinker. There is the same indepen
dence in his manner, as there is in his matter.,
lie is disdainful of ornament, negligent of what
are termed the graces of oratory, careless
whether his sentences are balanced - and rotin
ded to strike the ear pleasingly, and yet as far
from being a “dry” speaker as any person 1
ever listened to. Pith, terseness, condense-
I lion or any term which will convey the im
pression of many ideas in. the smallest possible
I compass of words, is his most striking charac
teristic. To day he entered upon his subject
so abruptly, that you would have thought he
was speaking in continuation of pievious re
-marks. He seemed determined from the be
ginning, Ihat there should not be the slightest
waste of words, and there was not. Some of
his views were strikingly original. 1 allude
to his constitutional objections to Mr. Rives’
'substitute. The first was, if I recollect, that
by thk bill, the deposit© banks arc to be selec
ted by Congress, without the co-operation in
any form, of the Exc alive. This, he cotin ti
ded, is contrary to that provision which makes
it necessary that every res i:ion t > which the
concurrence of both Houses is necessary (ex
cept IB cases «>l adimtrtimen’. t>: . » !i-
‘fol tn-he Pros km uft'-.c I< 4- : a*. - This
is tl. last paragraph of th.- Till Section of th- .
Ist U.icle of the Constitution of the United
Static Mr. Rives’ bill places the matter be- |
yonjihe action of the Executive. Another i
objection was founded on the fifth paragraph I
of th; ninth section of the same article, which ;
provdes that no money shall be drawn from I
the Teasury but in consequence of applica
tionsmade by law. He contended that under
a gc oral deposite with a bank, permitting the
corporation to trade on it as capital, to lend it,
&c. for business purposes—the money is
dram, let out and let in, contrary to the in
| tentif that instrument, and that it never could
havdbeen meant by the framers of the Consti
tritiol that such use might be made of the pub
lic finds. He considered the support given
by the former opponents ofthis bill—after the
j failure of the scheme—as given with the ex
| jectation that it would again fail, and then that
.he country would be again driven to a Na
tional Bank. The first of the league to come
in under the new system, will be the Pennsyl
vania Bank of the: United States, an institution
now fortifying itself to effect that purpose.
I hope no time will be lost in laying this
host cogent argument before the public. It
tso condensed that in giving a new view of
is various parts, you could scarce put it in a
here brief form ol words than that in which it
vas delivered. The new and striking points
nhich it presents, will, I think, have a strong
efect on the public mind.
t’he gossip among the quid nuncs in rela
tion to the grand investigation, has died away
alieady. 1 will not say that the attempt will
re’ert upon its authors. Suppose it does, does
an T one imagine that they will suffer? 1 hey
arc beyon'd that. Frequent exposure has
male them safe in their own shamelessness.
Mr. Clay concluded by expressing his on- I
tireconcurrencc in a sentiment recently given I
at a large and respectable meeting in New ,
York, that the question which the people arc i
now called upon io decide, is not “bank or no \
bank," but “BREAD OR NO BREAD.” :
Well, we have got more “bread” in this .
State now, than wo have ever had under the I
Biddle dynasty. We have got land enough to j
be tilled* which can be bought cheap, and any
body that will go onto it with industry and
perseverance can got net only a living, but lay
up a handsome net income every year. This
is more than can be said ol the times as they
were under the Biddle dynasty. It is true that
by reason of the speculations brought on by
the excessive issues of paper money in wiiich
Biddle's “regulator" took the lead, many men
deserted regular business, and took to
flying." The kite strings have all broken by
reason of their great length, and the “kiters
arc left holding on to the little end. We trust
for the sake of honest industry and the welfare
of the country, they will get no bread, till they
betake themselves to some more useful and
respectable employment. Whenever they
make up their minds to that, they will get
bread enough and to spare—until then, they
cannot get it, whether there is a National bank
or not, unless the country'forgets the conse
quences of kiting sooner than we think it will.
A fifty million bank might indeed, by throw.
■ ing out an immense quantity of money, set the
I country into another fever, and enable theki
-1 ters to splice their strings and sell out; but such
a result would be one of the greatest curses that
could ever beful the country. Those people
who “hang upon the lips” of Mr. Clay, and
: clamor for a National bank as a means of re
lief, must sooner or later, learn the lesson,
, hard though it be, that the only proper way to
i get money is to earn it in a regular course of
industry and economy. The country will ne
ver be permanently prosperous till they are
• made to learn it; and Mr. Clay is stabbing nt
' the very vitals of the public prosperity in hold
ing out to them any other mode of relief—by
which if relief is afforded, it must be tempora
ry; at the expense of new victims, and ending
in another and more severe revulsion than
that under which we now labor.— Maine Age.
'fhe Sergeant at arms of the House of Rep
resentatives passed through Baltimore on Sat
urday last, on his way to New York, with a
summons to Col. Webb to attend at Washing
ton for the purpose of giving testimony before
the committee on the late duel.
Sub-Treasury BUI. The Richmond En
quirer of the Ist inst. r says that this Bill will
probably pass the Senate by only the casting
vote of the Vice President. “Our last re
source then,” adds the Enquirer, “our only an
chor of hope, wculd be in the House of Rep
resentatives. Its fate there is more doubtful.
But:. sides are claiming the victory. The vote
will be a very nice one—though we arc war
ned it is possible the Bill will pass.”
Gen. Nelson's Brigade.— We arc gratified
to learn from a gentleman, recently from Ho
nda. that the presence of that efficient officer
—Gen. Nelson, with his Brigade of volun
teer.': from this State, has materially contribu
ted to inspire confidence in the inhabitants ol
that sufiering territory, within the sphere of
his operations, to the extent to induce them to
pav personal attention to their planting inter
ests, so much deranged by existing hostilities.
We hope that that gallant officer will, ere long
have an opportunity to increase the admiration
which the prompt movement of bis brigade has
elicited and to reap all the rewards m store
for the successful anil patriotic soldier. • a
vannah Georgian.
COT NTER 1N ST R UCTIO NS.
Fifty nine members of the Reform Co.i«<
tian of Pennsylvania have adopted rcsolul.i jto
disapproving-the late instructions of the Legts
kit re in relation to the Treasury Bid. Iwv
arc n-pres-ntatives of the original dccttonal
body, an I the question may well be asked,
which set ol instructions ought to be obeyed?
We shall not express an opinion now, but stale
the facts for the consideration of the public.—
Wash. Chronicle. ___
WESTERN GEORGIAN-
—- . " I
Home, Marell 24, ISfJS,
The following named gentlemen will act as
Agents for the Western Georgian: ,
Howell Cobb, Esq., of Athens, Georgia.
E. M. Johnson, Esq., frf Gainesville, do.
S. Ripley, Esq., of Jefferson, do.
A. Erwin, Esq., of Cumming, do.
John S. Bel), Esq., of Spring Place, do.
R. M. Avcoc’k, Esq., of La Fayette, do.
Turman Waithail, Esq., of Cedar 1 own,
Paulding County, do.
Leroy Pattillo, P. M. Monroe, do.
Charles Murphey, of Decatur, do.
j We are indebted to the Hon. Wilson Lump
■kin, the Hon. T.-Glascock, and the Hon. J.
F. Cleaveland, for numerous favours in the
! shape of public documents, speeches, papers,
Ac., for which we return to them our thanks.
E s «ntic:s.l Abelitiofiiisßil*
1 We refer our readers to an article published
in to-day’s paper, taken from the Washington
Globe, entitled “Political Abolitionism.”
The mask is fast falling from the front ol the
Abolitionists, and the people now begin to see
that morality and religion have been basely
prostituted to the basest of political purposes.
i The hallowed names of liberty and virtue have
j been pressed into service to secure to political
| aspirants the “loaves ami fishes” of the Gov
ernment.
While some of the abolitionists may well de
serve the appellation of “Eanr/fi™,” many of
those who have adopted openly, or covertly
supported their principles, are equally entitled
:o be regarded by the Nation as politicalknaves.
The Honorable individuals whom the Abo
ition “presses delight to honor,” it will be per
ceived arc what is termed in modern parlance,
and, who we term by courtesy “ Wnios.”
A struggle is now commencing in the North
I by the Federal Whigs and Abolitionists to so
cure the next Presidential Election. And, be
cause the Whigs of that section have acted with
them, they seem confident taut those in the
South and West, who are now in opposition to
the administration, will second their views and
support the candidate which they may select.
This we honestly believe is a great mistake.
Thongh we are opposed to the principles, and
in many instances, to the measures of the op.
position Whigs in the South, we must do them
the justice to say, that when the question as
surnes the character which the northern politi
cians and fanatics seem determined to give it,
they will be found taking a stand and asserting
their Constitutional rights, in a manner which
i will soon dispel the delusion at present enter
tained.
We have just been favoured with a perusal
of a letter from Gov. Gilmer to Capt. W. F.
Lewis of this county, commanding the vohin
leers organized under an act of the ’last Legis
lature for the protection of the citizens of the
Cherokee country. 'Pho view which his Ex
cellency takes, and the instructions he gives,
we believe to be radically wrong. 1 hat view
may have originated from a misconception of
the Indian character, a-nd from an imperfect
notion of the population of the country.
The act of the last Legislature providing for
the protection of this section of the country,
has induced a great majority ol those who have
volunteered under it, to make their arrange
ments to serve, in case any troops whatever
were needed. Many of them have gone to tho
expense of purchasing horses and necessary c
quipments, which they would not otherwise
have done. But they are now informed by
the Governor, that—
“ Until the 25th of May, the Indians have
a right to retain their possessions, and to re
main undisturbed in the country, "ion have
nothing to do with disarming them, or remo
ving them from their fields until that time, and
then only in co-operation with and upon the
rcoucat of the U. States officer to whom the
dutv of removing them is intrusted by the
President of the U. States.”
That the Indians have the right tinder the
treatv, to remain in jeaceafile possession tin-,
til the 25th ot' May, cannot be disputed, but,
that thr citizens of this country, whether vol
unteersor others, are compelled to set quietly
and see the Indians making preparations for
hostilities, without making a single effort to
prevent it, is an error which the Governor will
probably’ere long detect. Again: This letter
of instructions, contains that which is far more
serious and objectionable than the one just al
luded to. His Excellency denies that the cap
tains of the different companies have the right
to call those companies to the field under any
circumstances; but that the Colonel of the Re
giment “is the officer having Such power, and
he can only do so when the Indians assemble
together for hostile purposes, and under cir
cumstances w hich do not admit of the delay of
sending for orders to the Commander in Chid,
and when the United‘States troops cannot pie
vent the danger.”
Now, these volunteer companies organized
“for the protection” of the Cherokee Country,
arc to remain in their houses, perfectly still,
until the “Colonel of the Regiment” shall be
informed that “the Indians have assembled for
-hostile purposes.” We suppose that the Col
onel will be like the rest of the volunteers, in
having nothing to do until ordered into the
field, and will consequently remain at -home
Suppose the Colonel of this Regiment was re
siding in Dahlo'hnoga, in Lumpkin county, and
the Indians in this section, (at least 120 miles
from that place) were to embody and assume a
threatening aspect. Yet, under the views ol
Gov. Gilmer, the Volunteer company of this
county, organized for 'the protection of the
country, must wait for orders from the Colo,
nel, before they could act. The Colonel too
is bound to refrain from bringing his troops in
io tlie'field,>until he is satisfied that “the Indi
ans have assembled together for hostile pur
poses.” What, we would ask of every cilizi n
in the country, is the demonstration of“lndian
hostility?” Do they, when they determine on
taking tho war path, send a flag bearing a de
claration of war? No; the first demonstration
of Indian hostility is the midnight attack upon
the lives and proper.:y of the citizens. 'I h
first evidence of their savage ‘’hostility ” is
the onslaught- (he murder of families, and the
burning of villages and houses'
There are many more objections which have
suggested themselves, but we will close this
article by assuring his Excellency, and the
people of tho State, that the citizens of the
Cherokee Country who have volunteered for
its protection, are better calculated either to
suppressor resist hostilities from the Indians
than any other body of men. They have resi
ded among the Indians—are acquainted with
their character and disposition —and being fa
miliar with the country, coiild act more effici
ently in case of need. And we' further assure
him, that should the citizens of this section who
are acquainted with the Cherokees, deem it.
■necessary to take the field, they 'will do so
without waiting, either for orders from the
“Colonel of the Regiment,” the Commander
in'Chief, or for the demonstration of.lndian
hostilities.
For the Western Georg Tan.
Mr. Editor: — A great political crisis is com
ing; it is already at our doors. One grand
division of tho people upon Governmental poli
cy is fast ripening: “the field is already lit for
the harvest;” the force of circumstances is
bringing to view, the true character of men of
all parties. When the corner stone of the A
merican Government was laid, two prominent
features was manifest, and not pretended to be
concealed. The Republican and the Federal
ist, each proud of his appropriate title. ’These
two features have shown more or less from
1776 to 1838, and are children of nature, but.
descended from 'different stocks. -'Between
those periods there has been -subdivisions -of
these two families, and alternately the relations
of each uniting with its adversary upon some
given point; and thus a doubtful combat has at
times more or less shown itself.
But the time has again come, when the main
question comes up, and consequently the two
great antagonist principles will icquirean un
divided and vigorous support by fits friends.
In Georgia, the question of political division
is not friendly to the formation of the 'grand
division, because, amongst the Union party
there are Federalists. And the same may be
said of the States Rights’ parly, and vice ver
sa. Republicans in each, and by what means
are we to purify? Both patties are corrupt, or
have conupt materials; and among both par
ties arc to be found staunch Republicans. I
know of no better inode to effect so desirable
an object, than a full and free discussion
through the press, (the great Lever of Repub
licanism) of the question; and that candidates