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selves, as it were, began to settle on
the summit, and to melt away amid
the foliage—a most striking and pic
turesque appearance. The mutter
ing thunder, sounding as a voice from
beneath, and the lightning, flashing
furiously about the summit, and pros
ducing gaps in tbedescending clouds,
made one feel that the mountain was
on fire. Though we fail to picture
the scene, we never can forget it.
Our next visit was to the Gold
Mines, where wo observed the pro
cess of obtaining gold. We cannot
enter into any particulars, but mere
ly say to your readers that this pro
cess is a most interesting and instruc
tive one. Then to Nacoochee Valley
we went; ascended the mound erect
ed to the memory of tho Indian girl,
Nacoochee, about whom a beautiful
legend is told, and obtained a view
of the entiro valley. Beautiful, in*
deed is this vale, stretching itsolf
some five miles in length, and destin
ed to be a “garden spot” of the
South. Many improvements are be
ing made there, and several nice res
idences have already been built. We
had no “sunset glory upon the dis
tant hills” to add beauty to tho scene,
but as we stool on the mound of Na
coochee, and looked upon the pic
ture, with the waters of the Chatta
hoochee murmuring a requiem to the
ashes of her who slept beneath us
with her lover, our heart boat
strangely sad, we knew not how or
why. Tallalah Falls next formed
our destined end, and thither we di
rected our way. llow shall we, how
dare we, attempt in this brief sketch,
to picture Tallulah, which, by far
abler pens, has been described. For
some distance up and down the Tals
lulah river, numerous falls occur,
some large, some small; at some,
the water pours over the rocks per
pendicularly, at others, obliquely.—
There are four falls, we believe,
which have names significant of emo
tions which they inspire. Having no
guide, we did not learn the different
ones ; we felt, however, only as Tal
lulah can make one feel. We stood
on “ Devil’s Pulpit,” a huge mass of
rock jutting out over a precipice of
some 1500 or 1700 feet, watched the
wildly rushing waters beneath us,
listened to their roar, realized the
terror of the scene, and felt as we
had never felt before. An almost
uncontrollable tendency to plunge
into the awful abyss seized upon us,
and as helpless as a child, we grasp
ed with all our energy a small tree,
that such a fate might net befall us.
How terrible ! We were not fright
ened, but overpowered by the sub
limity, grandeur, and terror of the
view. A strange principle that,
which, on such occasions causes one
to feel like leaping into utter ruin.—
We descended the height at four dis
ferent places, and approached the ri-
THE GEORGIA COLLEGIAN.
ver’s brink. Once on a rock we sat
and for a while gazed on the madly
rushing torrents. The longer we
looked, the more force and terror did
the waters seem to acquire, until at
length we fancied ourselves moving
furiously away with the rushing tide.
Unconsciously we turned our eyes
upward, and smiled to find ourselves
shrinking back from the fearful rocky
height of 1700 feet, frowning down
upon us. We never in our lives, be
held a sight so terribly sublime.—
Such words as we can use, but mock
the scene ; nothing short of a realiza
tion of what we felt, could approxi
mate it.
We next visited Toccoa, but could
not proporly appreciate its beauty
after we had seen Tallulah. Not be
cause Tallulah possesses so much
beauty—for it is only when the ter<-
rible is forgotten that the beautiful
appears. At Toccoa, all is beautiful,
as the name indicates ; the water of
a small creek pours over a perpendi
cular height about 187 feet, or rather
the water first strikes a ledge of rock
with a descent of about eight feet,
and then falls in sprays upon rocks
beneath. Numerous rainbows are
seen amid the falling sprays, present
ing a most beautiful and striking ap
pearance. Both from above and be
neath the FaH, the prospect is charm
ing, perfectly so. From this imper
fect sketch, but a faint idea of the
Fulls and Mountains can be obtained.
We earnestly advise all our friends,
especially the students, to let no op
portunity of visiting them pass un
improved ; many other places of ins
terest, some in North Carolina and
Tennessee, might have been visited,
but for want of time. On our way
back to Athens, we stopped at tho
Madison Springs, where we were de
lighted to find a number of lady and
gentlemen friends, and where we
spent several pleasant, happy days.
And now, dear Collegian', vacation
:s over, and another year with its re
sponsibilities spreads itself before us.
Improved in health and spirits by
recreation and rest, and nervtfd for
our duties by a consciousness of what
we ought to be, wo trust that Heaven
wiil smile upon us. and success meet
our every effort. Yours truly,
Now and Then.
Original Lines
WRITTEN FOR THE COLESGIAN,
When twilight throws her curfcini grey,
O’er all the landscape round ff-
I wander forth beneath the oafs,
In solitude profound. - "'T
And then to Him, who rules ia love,
I all my sorrows tell;
0 ! soothing then the Spirit’*
“To thee shall all be well.” 4* .
Yes, O ! Yes, “ shall all be
For faith and hope are strong,; -
And in this world of change apd gloom
But few can linger long. ?
OBSCURA.
♦ jr
...A literary man in Boston is so
short that when he is ill he does not
know whether ho Jias headache or
corns.
gust aafl J&imff.
Artificial Production of Cold.
BY PROF. W L. BROUN.
Uunfortunately, th le excellent -arti
ole by Pro! Broun* on the. Artificial
Production of Cold, was not all pub
lished together. As it is worthy of
being read and re read, we republish
it and annex the pait omitted ios/a
preceding issue. . /
When the thermometer is ranging
at 90°F. in the shade, we may derive
at least an imaginary comfort from
reviewing the various methods of dis
minißhing, artificially, the tempera
ture, if we do not thereby absolutely
effect the reduction.
It is a law of physics, that all bo
dies in passing from a solid to a li
quid state, absorb heat. This heat
becomes latent; that is, it does not
sensibly raise the temperature of the
body into which it enters. We have
a familiar instance of this in tho or
dinary freezing mixture of pounded
ice and salt intimately mixed and
placed around the substance to be
frozen. Each solid here used, ice and
salt, is changed to a liquid, and con
sequently heat is absorbsd from itself
and the bodies surrounding, and the
temperature greatly reduced. Indeed
by this method, Farenheit obtained
that temperature which is marked
Zero on his scale.
If you mix one pound of ice at a
temperature of 32° and one pound of
water at 174°, when the ice is melted
the temperature of the two pounds
will not be the arithmetical mean
103°, but will be only 32°—the same
temperature as the ice before it melt
ed. The water, in the experiment,
loses 142° of heat. This is called the
latent heat of water. It requires that
much heat to change a pound of ice
at 32° to a pound of water at 32°.
But heat cannot be lost without do
ing work ; and the work done in this
can, according to the dynamical the
ory of heat, is wholly molecular ; that
is, it has so changed the position of
the molecules as to render each par
ticle free to obey whatever forces act
on it. At least this is the conception
to account for the work done by tho
heat that is apparently lost.
All- substances used as freezing
mixtures, must be of that nature to
remain liquid at a temperature much
below that at which they solidify
when, pure. It is well known that
saltpetre and common salt added to
three times their weight of water,
will depress the temperature of the
solution about 40"; and equal parts
of carbonate of soda, nitrate of am
monia and water, will produce a still
greater depression. Many other
freezing mixtures are known, by some
of which even mercury may be fro
zen, and even still greater cool pro
duced.
Now, as a certain amount of heat
is absorbed when a bod} 7 passes from
a solid to a liquid state, we find a'far
greater amount is absorbed wben a
body passes from a liquid to a vapor.
Here again, according to the inter
changeableness of beat and woik, it
is said the heat is consumed in shak
ing apart the molecules of the liquid,
and in maintaining them at their ins
distances from each other.—
But we are not so much concerned
now with theory as with a simple ex
position of facts Everybody knows
thift if the hand be moistened with
water and held in tho wind, a sensas
tsn of coid is produced ; but if alco«*
nol or ether is used, the cold may
even become painful; and every bo
*dy knows that the cause of this cold
is due to tho evaporation of these li
quids into vapor. If it takes 180° of
beat to raise water from 32° to 212°,
it will take about 1000° to convert
all this boiling water into steam, and
yet the vapor or steam will not indi
cate a temperature greater than that
of boiling water. Here then, is
another means of producing cold ar
tificially, by evaporation. It is very
well known, that shallow vessels
are often exposed in the hot climate
of India, and when the nights are
clear the cold produced by the evapo
ration of the water is so great that
ice is formed in the shallow vessels of
water.
To the two methods of producing
cold artificially, viz : liquefaction and
evaporation, that wo have mention
ed, there may be added a third, that
of dilatation. If air is compressed
and allowed to expand suddenly, a
considerable reduction of tempera
ture results. This was well illustra
ted in a hydraulic machine at Chem
nitz, in Saxony, in which air was
highly compressed by a closed col
umn of water. If a stop cock com
municating with the compressed air
was opened, the expanding air rush-*
ing out, produced a degree of cold
sufficient to freeze water into fillets
of ice. To take advantage of any of
these methods for producing cold, and
apply them to useful purposes on a
large scale, is not a simple problem.
It is a well known lecture-room
experiment to freeze water by the
cold produced by evaporation, by
placing a small arqount of water un
der the receiver of an air pump and
then producing a rapid exhaustion by
the pump, having also present a ves
sel of strong sulphuric acid to absorb
the vapor of water as soon as formed.
But by this method, generally not
more than a tablcspoonful of water
is frozen, and in this manner it plain
ly could not be applied to useful pur
poses. et the principle involved in
this experiment, is that adopted in
the Sulphuric Acid apparatus of
Mons. E. Carre, of Paris. This ap
paratus, designed for producing cold,
has, in connection with a a powerful