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TRAINED IN DIPLOMACY
Complete Biography Of Pope Paul VI
Giovanni Cardinal Montini, a
veteran of some 30 years* ser
vice in the Vatican Secretariat
of State, has made his voice
heard in behalf of die Church
on many fronts since his ap
pointment as head of the Milan,
archdiocese in 1954.
The new pope is of medium
height, square build, and has
blue eyes and a light complex
ion. His manner is gentle and
his voice soft, but he does not
hesitate to use that voice ef
fectively and often in defense
of Christian ideas and ideals.
CARDINAL Montini has
achieved wide recognition for
his unrelenting battle against
communism. This has, to some
extent, put in the shadow his
activity as a builder of chur
ches, his outstanding work in
behalf of Italian Catholic Ac
tion, his efforts toward the at
tainment of Christian unity, and
his pronouncements on the need
for dynamic pastoral activity.
About two years after Arch
bishop Montini became head of
the Milan archdiocese, which
with its 3,750,000 Catholics is
Italy's largest, he had built
some 45 churches. He said at
the time, 1957, that the See
needed 40 more churches. About
two and a half years later, he
said the archdiocese needed 69
new churches.
Stressing the importance of
this building program, he said:
"The program for the construc
tion of new churches forms part
of the general common under
taking to save our city and our
country from the religious and
moral ruin toward which oppos
ing forces endeavor to lead
her.*’
THE CHURCH construction
boom in Milan created a new
idea, the apartment house cha
pel, to which Cardinal Mon
tini has given his approval. Many
of the large cooperative apart
ment houses in Milan now in
clude a central chapel to serve
all the tenants. When the
months expenses are divided
among the tenants, maintenance
of the chapel is included.
The Cardinal, who servedfor
some 10 years as either ec
clesiastical assistant or mode
rator to the university section
of Italian Catholic Action, has
repeatedly stressed the need for
Catholic youth to meet boldly*
with the armor of Faith, the
challenges of the modern world.
In a speech in 1957, on the
90th anniversary of the found
ing of the Italian Youth Move
ment, he said: "It is up to youth
to invade new regions of life,
bringing to them Christian light
and love. Defense is not enough
for the Christian heart—there
must be conquest.**
FIVE YEARS before the Sec
ond Vatican Council was con
voked by John XXIII, Archbishop
Montini cited the importance of
an ecumenical attitude toward
non-Catholics.
"Is it well-professed ortho
doxy to use truth as a hammer
against others?" he asked in a
Unity Octave sermon in Feb
ruary, 1957. "...We must not
only nourish an immense feel
ing of charity towards our bro
thers who have wandered as
tray, we must also learn some
thing from them."
In January, 1962, Cardinal
Montini made a statement that
could be regarded as a foretell
ing of the ecumenical council,
which opened in October of that
year.
"Our spiritual attitude to
ward them (non-Catholics) must
change,** the Cardinal said in a
pastoral letter. "We must no
longer consider them irreduci
ble and foreign enemies, but
brothers who have been pain
fully detached from the life tree
of the one and only true Church
of Christ. One must hope since
rely that some new and great
event may come to change this
sad state of schism among
Christians."
PASTORAL function and or
ganization have received much
attention from the Cardinal. In
July, 1957, while an archbishop,
he spoke at the dedication in
Milan of the Saranno House of
Studies, where newly ordained
priests study for a year the
methods of pastoral practice.
"A change in the methods
and form of (pastoral) orga
nization is necessary if the
Gospel message is to reach
that great audience represent
ed by the common people," he
said then.
Cardinal Montini, who in 1953
was permitted by Pope Pius XII
to refuse elevation to the car-
dinalate, has long been an arch
foe of communism. Six months
after he was named Archbishop
of Milan, he took the offensive
against communism in the Lom
bardy region of Italy by mak
ing a speech in the suburb of
Sesto San Giovanni, so power
ful a Red stronghold at the
time that it was called "The
Little Stalingrad.*’ The Arch
bishop drove home the point to
the almost 100 per cent com
munist workers that they had
been duped by the lies of com
munist leaders.
IN A Lenten pastoral in 1956,
Archbishop Montini warned that
"every compromise of atheis
tic communism hides a secret
plan to disarm and subjugate
whomever deals with it."
In August, 1959, the Bishops
of the Lombardy region, led by
Cardinal Montini, warned in a
long pastoral letter that "the
propagation of Marxist Ideals in
our country is still serious and
dangerous.**
Giovanni Battista Montini no
doubt acquired much of his in
terest in politics and diplomacy
from his father, who servedfor
three terms as a member of
the Italian Parliament and was
editor of a newspaper in Bres
cia.
The future Cardinal was born
on September 26, 1897, in Con-
cesio, located on the outskirts
of Brescia. He received a can
on law degree from the Pontifi
cal Seminary in Milan and was
awarded a degree in Theology
from die Gregorian University
in Rome.
After his ordination on May
29, 1920, he served for a brief
period as a parish priest and
then enrolled in the Ecclesias
tical Academy in Rome, where
the Vatican’s diplomats are
trained.
HE WAS only 25 when he was
named by Pope Pius XI to serve
as an attache at the Papal Nun
ciature in Warsaw in 1922. He
was in this post for a year, then
was appointed ecclesiastical
assistant to the university sec
tion of Italian Catholic Action
and later its moderator.
In 1932, at the age of 35, he
was made a clerk in the Vati
can Secretariat of State by Pope
Pius XI, and four years later
he was promoted to the position
of undersecretary to the Papal
Secretary of State. This office
had been held by Pope Pius XII
before his election to the pa
pacy.
In 1944 he was named a
Vatican Substitute Secretary of
State, together with the late
Domenico Cardinal Tardini, and
in 1952 he was named Pro-
Secretary of State for Ordinary
Affairs.
In 1953, when Pius XII creat
ed 24 new cardinals, he reveal
ed that he had planned to name
both Msgr. Montini and Msgr.
Tardini as cardinals, but they
had asked him not to do so.
Referring to this in 1958,
when he accepted elevation to
the cardinalate during, the reign
of Pope John XXIII, Cardinal
Montini said: "Formerly, I was
allowed to refuse this dignity.
And for this favor I am grate
ful to Pope Pius XIL..Now other
circumstances compel me to
accept, and for this other favor
I am no less grateful to His
Holiness Pope John XXIIL"
IN NOVEMBER, 1954, Msgr.
Montini was made an archbis
hop and appointed to the See of
Milan. He was enthroned in Mi
lan’s cathedral on January 6,
1955. Eight months later he be
gan a pastoral visitation of the
1,000 churches in the Milan ar
chdiocese, a task that was to
take him nearly two years to
complete. Archbishop Montini
was created a cardinal on De
cember 15, 1958—the first to
be created a cardinal by Pope
John.
Cardinal Montini has visited
the U. S. twice, in 1951 and in
1960. At a reception in his hon
or in 1951 at the headquarters
of the National Catholic Welfare
Conference in Washington, D.
C., he lauded the work of Ame
rica's Catholic schools and its
Catholic press. Referring to the
N.C.W.C., he said: "We have
often heard of its activities
and know how many valuable
services it renders to the
Church.*’
During his 1960 visit, die
Cardinal said at a press con
ference in Boston that he was
"very pleased to see Catholics
here taking such interest in the
condition of the Church in South
America.”
HE SINGLED out for praise
the missionary activities in
South America of the Society of
St. James the Apostle, founded
by Richard Cardinal Cushing,
Archbishop of Boston.
In September, 1961, Cardinal
Montini visited, at the request
of Pope John XXIII, all the 24
spectators injured when a rac
ing car hurtled off the tract at
Italy’s Grand Prix at Monza.
Pope John had instructed the
Cardinal to bring his condolen
ces to relatives of the victims.
IN 1962 Cardinal Montini vi
sited missions and cities in
Ghana, Upper Volta, Nigeria
and Southern Rhodesia. On his
return to Milan, he said: "The
Church in Africa is not regard
ed as a colonizing power but as
a friend who seeks to aid great
ly the progress of the African
people.**
Cardinal Montini is on the
staff of the Sacred Congrega
tions of the Consistory, the
Council, Extraordinary Eccle
siastical Affairs, and Seminar
ies and Universities.
The Cardinal does not cush
ion his words when speaking
against lukewarm Christianity
or other things he considers
objectionable, but he is gentle
and considerate in his role of
chief pastor of the people.
He spent the summer before
he was created a cardinal in vi
siting parishioners living in the
remote mountain towns of the
Milan archdiocese. During
these visitations to die people
—most of them farmers, shep
herds or woodcarvers—Arch
bishop Montini repeated die fol-
1 owing words to diem: "Because
you are farther away and more
humble, you are dearer to me**.
IN HIS speeches, he has cri
ticized writers who say they
need "to have experience of
evil,** scored priests who have
a narrow concept of their du
ties, cited die need for Catho
lics to defend their press, at
tacked die obscurity in some
modern art, and warned against
attempts to dilute ecclesiastical
authority.
Excerpts from the speeches
the Cardinal has made on seve
ral subjects follow:
e On writing: "The tempta
tion for knowledge of evil has a
1897, SEPTEMBER 26,
1920, May 29, ‘
1922
1932
1936
1944
1951
1952
1953
1954, November 1
1958, December 15,
1960
1962
1963, June 21,
NEW ORLEANS, (NC)—A
priest arrived at a local radio
station to lead the Holy Name
men of his parish in the Ro
sary. To his dismay he found
that he was the only person
present—but he decided to go
it alone.
The announcer, seeing the
priest’s plight, introduced the
strong attraction. There are
those who say that it is neces
sary to have experience of evil
to write about good. This is not
true. Above all things, keep
yourselves pure and do not be
afraid to put great theses in
your writings.*’ (Address to
third National Congress of Ita
lian Writers, September, 1956).
• On pastoral ministry: The
Cardinal spoke out in Septem
ber, 1958, in Milan against "the
many parish priests, particu
larly in cities, who resign them
selves to practicing their mi
nistry for those people who at
tend church and thus find their
pastoral zeal satisfied." He
stressed the need for pastors to
learn "all those elements in
spired by a great love for souls
which must be exercised to at-
VATICAN CITY, (NC)—His
Holiness Pope Paul VI has again
promised to work for peace and
has told priests that the modern
world has more need for their
mission than any previous age.
Pope Paul spoke to diplomats
accredited to the Holy See and
the pastors of Rome in the first
official audiences of his reign.
SPEAKING to the diplomats,
Pope Paul pledged to continue
seeking peace "on the four pil
lars of truth, justice, love and
liberty.** He referred to Pope
John XXIII*s peace encyclical,
Pacem in Terris, and stressed
the respect of the Holy See for
all nations.
He greeted among the diplo
matic corps **friendly faces
which bring back dear memor
ies" of service in the Papal
Secretariat of State.
The Roman pastors—receiv
ed in the Vatican’s Clementine
Hall—were led by Clemente
Cardinal Mlcara, Vicar General
of Rome, and Luigi Cardinal
Traglia, Pro-Vicar General of
Rome.
POPE Paul noted that "the
first title of Our mission and
of Our authority is that of be
ing Bishop of Rome." He added
that "the splendor of sanctity
and the wealth of religious tra
ditions for which Rome is first
and unique in the world fasci-
Born in Concesio, on outskirts
of Brescia.
Ordained at age of 23.
Named by Pope Pius XI as at
tache at apostolic nunciature in
Warsaw. Held post for one year.
Became clerk in Vatican Secre
tariat of State.
Appointed undersecretary of
state.
Named one of two Substitute Sec
retaries of State by Pius XIL
Spent three-week holiday in North.
America.
Named Pro-Secretary of State
for Ordinary Affairs.
Pope Plus XII revealed he planned
to name Msgr. Montini a cardinal,
but had been asked by the Mon
signor not to give him this honor.
Named Archbishop of Milan.
Named to Sacred College of Car
dinals by John XXIIL
Re-visited United States.
Made extensive trip in Africa,
visiting missions.
Rosary broadcast and then
dashed into the studio and gave
the responses, thus saving the
day.
Following the program the
grateful priest thanked the an
nouncer and a6ked the name of
his parish. The announcer re
plied that his parish was Temple
Sinai, a Jewish synagogue.
tract the lambs outside the
flock.**
• On the Catholic press: Ca
tholics have "the honor of de
fending it, the obligation of pro
pagating it and the need to make
it live in themselves and in the
world,*’ the Cardinal said on
December 4, 1960.
• On modem art: Artists
"seem to have abandoned the
idea of producing works which
are intelligible," and critics
"use language that requires a
special knowledge in order to
understand the meaning,** the
Cardinal told a congress of ar
tists in March, 1963. "We, the
audience, make pathetic ef
forts to understand at least
something. We believed that
the kingdom of art was beati-
nates and stirs Our spirit.**
The Pope continued: "We
know the religious life of Rome
fairly well since We spent 34
years of Our priesthood here,
and since We knew here most
worthy and dear people, most
pious holy places and tradi
tions so rich in regal splendor
and popular sincerity.**
Pope Paul added:
"BUT We are also aware of
the new religious needs of the
city, of the practical difficulties
of satisfying them and of the
formidable questions created
for pastoral action by the cos
mopolitan character of the city,
its expansion and the invasion
of all currents of modern cul
ture and morals.
"It is to these that We and
you must devote our very first
attention.
THE evangelization of the
modem world, profane and hos
tile to religion, depends chief
ly on the clergy, Pope Paul said.
"Probably no age but the
present, either by nature or by
meditated intention, has been so
historically alien and contrary
to the priesthood and its re
ligious mission," he said. "At
the same time, no age but ours
has shown itself so needful, and,
We should say, more sue
We should say, more suscep
tible-opening a great hope be
fore us, as it were—to the pas
toral assistance of good and
zealour priests.
**Not indeed that other count
less vocations and functions of
the Church of God should be
passed over or forgotten. Cer
tainly not. And not indeed that
the parochial structure can
alone provide and respond to
the manifold and complex needs
of Christian evangelization and
formation.
"NOT indeed, We hasten to
add, that the laity, Our very dear
and most worthy Catholic laity
is superfluous in the great and
common effort which strives to
make Christ live in the world.
But We believe, simply, that
this ancient and venerable in
stitution of the parish has an in
dispensable mission of great
reality."
Pope Paul concluded the au
dience with the Rome clergy by
assuring them of his "paternal
solidarity" and making "the
recommendation, in a matter
which We have greatly at heart,
that you give every assistance
to the young."
At the end of the audience
the Pope gave Cardinal Micara
a large but unspecified sum for
the poor of Rome.
He later received the diplo
mats in the Consistorial Hall.
That audience began with an ad
dress by Baron Prosper Pos-
wlck, Ambassador of Belgium
and dean of the diplomatic
corps.
Baron Poswick cited the
words of the late Pope John:
"We have undertaken big things
but, should Our hour come be
fore they have been brought to
a conclusion, this will cause
Us no uneasiness. God will
provide another to continue
them."
THE Belgian Ambassador
tude, whereas today it is pain
and confusion."
• On ecclesiastical authori
ty: "Here and there come peo
ple with ludicrous temerity
speak of ’humble disobedience*
to the hierarchy as a right and
as a brilliant discovery of the
spiritual life," the Cardinal
said in a sermon in May, 1963.
"The clear and responsible in
structions of ecclesiastical au
thority are vivisected to find
through sophistry' and casuis
try the necessary arguments
for evading their grave mean
ing. What is missing is a sin
cere and loyal sense of the
Church.' What is wanting is an
understanding of the inviolable
and generic principle of the
living Church which is its in
terior, beloved and declared
unity*
told Pope Paul: "Your Holi
ness was that ‘other one’ and
we cannot help thinking that
within the conclave the (ecu
menical) council was the pri
mary reason for your election."
Baron Poswick also recall
ed Pope Paul’s memorial ser
mon on Pope John, preached
when he was Archbishop of Mi
lan, in which the new Pontiff
said: "John XXIII traced cer
tain directives for our road
which it would be not only wise
to remember, but to follow."
The ambassador concluded:
"Thus, Holy Father, for us who
represent 50 nations at the Holy
See it is comforting to know
that you will maintain this tru
ly ecumenical course, directed
not only to your lambs but to
ward the whole of humanity."
Pope Paul, responding in
French, called the audience
"almost a family reunion, a
meeting in which, after a few
years, friendly faces which
bring back dear memories are
seen again."
HE recalled that it was not
too many years ago when “We
received the heads of the dip
lomatic missions every week in
the offices of the Secretariat
of State.”
The Pope greeted the diplo
mats by saying:
"Following the teachings of
Our predecessors— and We re
fer particularly to the encycli
cal, Pacem in Terris — it
seems almost superfluous to
remind you of the respect which
the Church has for the dignity
and the mission of each of the
countries of the world; both
for those which are outstanding
for a long past of history and
culture and for those which have
achieved independence in our
days and which have taken their
place in international institu
tions.
"To each and all, to their
people, their leaders and their
governments, the new Pope ad
dresses at this moment, with a
full and confident heart, his
greetings and good wishes."
Then, speaking from his ex
perience as a diplomat of the
Holy See, Pope Paul issued a
statement of principles:
"The Holy See does not in
tend...to Intervene in affairs
and interests pertaining to tem
poral powers. It aims to favor
everywhere the profession of
certain fundamental principles
of civilization and humanity, of
which the Catholic religion is
the watchful guardian, and to
make them penetrate minds and
institutions."
He said that "on their ob
servance rests the harmony of
international rights and duties,
and the great human family de
pends on their activationforthe
establishment of a true peace,
that priceless treasure, of in
dividuals and peoples."
He declared that "one of the
duties of the Pope, to which Our
unforgettable predecessor gave
special brilliance, is the duty of
contributing toward the estab
lishment of that peace based, as
he authoritatively proclaimed,
on the four pillars of truth,
justice, love and liberty."
I Significant Dates
In Papal Career
Here are some significant dates in the life of His Holiness
Pope Paul VI:
Elected by Sacred College of
Cardinals as 260th Pope.
ABIE’S IRISH ROSE (ARY)
TRUTH. JUSTICE. LOVE. LIBERTY’
Priestly Work Is Need
Of World - Pope Paul
THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 1963 GEORGIA BULLETIN PAGE 7
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