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PAGE 2 GEORGIA BULLETIN THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1963
DRAMATIC SESSION
Cardinals Debate Role
Of Curia, Holy
VATICAN CITY (NC)—De
bate in the council hail reached
a dramatic high point as two
great men of the Church brought
the chief question at issue to a
head in the current considera
tion of the schema on bishops
and the government of dioceses.
The question was whether or
not the powers now exercised
by the Roman curia—the cen
tral administrative body of the
Church—should be returned to
the bishops of dioceses.
THE TWO SIDES of the is
sue were expressed by Joseph
Cardinal Frings of Cologne,
Germany, and Alfredo Cardi
nal Ottaviani, Secretary of the
Sacred Congregation of the Holy
Office and president of the coun
cil's Theological Commission.
There was no question in the
mind of any one present that
this was the most dramatic day
of the council to date.One clear
ly saw a new order in battle
against an old order.
BOTH CARDINAL Frings and
Cardinal Ottaviani spoke with
evident deep conviction and both
were applauded by those who
supported their views.
The applause would not count,
of course, in deciding the ques
tion. But the question was now
out in the open and, except for
an extraordinary intervention
of Pope Paul VI himself, it
would Svtm be decided by bal
lot and, one way or another, al
ter the face of the Church in
the future.
CARDINAL FRINGS* re
marks, as reported in the coun
cil press office communique,
were as follows:
“Remarks recently made in
the council t*j the effect that the
Fathers must wait for a defini
tive response from the Theolo
gical Com mission are indeed
amazing. 1 hey seem to insinu
ate that this commission has at
its disposal sources of truth
unknown to the other council
Fathers. Such observations al
so appear to lose sight of the
fact that the commissions are
to function only as tools of the
general congregations (coun
cil meetings) and are to exe
cute the will of the council
Fathers.
“THE DISTINCTION between
administrative and Judicial pro
cedures in the Roman curia
should be extended to all areas,
including the Supreme Sacred
Congregation of the Holy Of
fice. Its procedures are out
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of harmony with modern times,
are a source of harm to the
faithful and of scandal to those
outside the Church. No Roman
congregation should have au
thority to accuse, judge and con
demn an individual who has had
no opportunity to defend him
self. With all due reverence and
gratitude for the devoted indi
viduals who spend their lives
in the difficult work of the
Holy Office, we feel that its
methods should be basically
revised.
“It would be advisable to
diminish substantially the num
ber of bishops working irvcurial
offices. No one should be con
secrated a bishop just in order
to honor him or the office he
holds. If a man is consecrated
a bishop, then he should be a
bishop and nothing else. No one
is ever ordained to the priest
hood as a mark of honor of
gratitude.
"NOT A FEW of the tasks
of the Roman curia could be
performed by laymen. Conse
quently, efforts should be made
to use fewer bishops, fewer
priests and more laymen."
The same council press of
fice communique reported the
words of Cardinal Ottaviani as
follows:
"The opportunity must be
taken to protest most vigorous
ly against the condemnation of
the Holy Office voiced in this
council hall. It should not be
forgotten that the prefect of the
Holy Office is none other than
the sovereign pontiff himself.
The criticism formulated pro
ceeds from a lack of knowledge,
not to use a stronger term, of
the procedures of this sacred
congregation.
“NO ONE IS ever accused,
judged and condemned without
a thorough previous investiga
tion carried on with the help of
competent consultors and ex
perienced specialists. Besides,
all decisions of the Holy Office
are approved by the Pope per
sonally , and thus such criti
cisms are a reflection on the
Vicar of Christ.
"The five points recently
Hold Luncheon
For Monastery
Bread Helpers
A luncheon was given by Mr.
Carling Dinkier at the Dinkier
Plaza Hotel on November 4,
1963 for the ladies who have
volunteered to assist with the
promotion and sale of bread and
eggs for Our Lady of the Holy
Ghost Monastery, Conyers, Ga.
Mr. Dinkier welcomed the lad
ies and encouraged them in
their efforts to assist the mo
nastery. He introduced repre
sentatives of the Colonial Stores
and the Pet Milk Co. Mr. Ed
Vickery, the general manager
of Colonial Stores in the At
lanta area, spoke on plans for
further distribution of Monas
tery Bread in Colonial Stores.
Mr. C. H. Mann and Mr. A. C.
Tuggle of the Pet Milk Co. dis
cussed the distribution and
sales of monastery milk and
eggs.
Sidney Poitier
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Of The Field
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Office
submitted for the approval of
the council Fathers were drawn
up by the council moderators.
They should have been sub
mitted to the Theological Com
mission for careful study, and
the commission would have been
able to perfect certain expres
sions and eliminate certain ob
scurities.
“THOSE WHO propose the
collegiality of the bishops pro
ceed in a vicious circle since
they presume that the Apostles
existed and acted as a colle
gial body. From the collegial
character of the Apostolic Col
lege they deduce the collegial
character of the body of bis
hops. But even learned and ex
perienced professors of Sacred
Scripture will admit that this
thesis has no solid foundations
in th e sacred books. Defending
collegiality entails some limi
tation of at least the exercise
of the universal primacy of the
Roman pontiff. The fact is that
Peter only has responsibility
for the whole flock of Christ.
It is not the sheep who lead
Peter, but it is Peter who leads
the sheep."
Coming out of the basilica
after the meeting a number of
bishops remarked that, after
the exchange between die two
Cardinals, they expect the Pope
to intervene personally to set
tle the question.
AT THE U. S. Bishops'press
panel following the council as
sembly, Father Frederick R.
McManus, council expert and
faculty member at the Catholic
University of America, said
that it is common practice for
the Holy Office to hand down
decisions in marriage cases
without giving the reasons which
led to their decision.
Father Francis J. Connell,
C.SS.R., another council ex
pert, former dean of the Catho
lic University School of Sacred
Theology, testified from his
own experience that the Holy
Office does not “accuse, Judge
and condemn" without giving
an author a hearing. He said he
was once reported to the Holy
Office. Officials of the Holy
Office wrote to him asking for
his side and, after he replied,
the matter was dropped.
FATHER BERNARD Haring,
C.SS.R. council expert, said,
on the other hand, that he knew
personally of the case of an au
thor whose book had been ban
ned by the Holy Office. He said
that when the author asked what
point of doctrine must be chan
ged so that a new edition could
be llcitly published, no reply
was given.
Archbishop Joseph T. Mc-
Gucken of San Francisco said
“my experience has been that
the Holy Office does indeed con
sult a large number of people.
However, I do think that the Hoiy
Office can be brought up to
date,"
OPPOSING VIEWS on the
question of bringing bishops to
Rome to assist the Pope in the
government of the Church were
taken by two other Cardinals,
Laurean Cardinal Rugambwa of
Bukova, Tanganyika, and Mic
hael Cardinal Browne, O.P., of
the curia.
‘The establishment of per
manent body of Bishops in
Rome," said Cardinal Rugamb
wa, “is called for by the social
structure of modern times and
particularly by a genuinely *re-
demptlonal' vision of the entire
world. It is not only the right
but also the duty of the council
to make this possible.
CARDINAL BROWNE an
swered that “against the pro
posal to bring Bishops to Rome
to assist the Holy Father no
objection can be raised on theo
logical grounds. But the con
gregation constitute the curia
and the curia belongs to the
pope. Its cardinals, major of
ficials, consultors and so on,
are appointed, not by the Holy
See but by the pope personally.
Its collegiality confers on all
bishops a right to cogovern
ment with the pope, then he in
turn has an obligation to recog
nize this right. This would in
evitably lessen the power of
the pope who would no longer
have full jurisdiction. This
would be contrary to the consti
tution ‘Pastor Aeternus* (of
the First Vatican Council). Let
us take care I"
“OPERATION—SCHOOL FAILURES”—Sister M. Nicholas, C.S.J., a teacher in the Bos
ton College research program on first grade pupil failures, helps a proud student to put
his drawing on display. The 20 public and parochial school students in the project have
failed in first grade studies for two consecutive years; the program’s purpose is to deter
mine the causes of failure and develop techniques for treating or preventing it. In the
first year of the study, significant progress has been reported.
PRELATE URGES
Bishops’ Participation
In Elections Of Popes
VATICAN CITY (RNS) A
Spanish bishop — a one-time
newspaperman — proposed at
the Second Vatican Council that
the election of Popes be a fun
ction not only of the College of
Cardinals alone but of the en
tire body of bishops as “leg
itimately represented in Ro-
99
me.
Auxiliary Bishop Rafael Gon
zalez Morale jo of Velencia sp
oke at the 61st general congre
gation which voted to continue
debate on a highly controver
sial schema, “Bishops and the
Government of Dioceses."
ACCORDING TO A Vatican
Radio paraphrase of his rem
arks, Bishop Gonzalez said,
“the election of the Pope should
belong not only to the cardinals,
but to bishops as well."
He also was reported as say
ing that “if the episcopal body
had power over the whole Chu
rch, it should also have it not
only in episcopal government,
but also in the formulation of
Canon Law."
Commenting informally later
on the idea of bishops sharing
in papal elections, two Ameri
can prelates said they doubted
it would ever come about.
ONE SAID that even If the
proposal involved only a rep
resentative body of all the bis
hops taking part in the election
of the Pope, “I don’t think it’s
a change to be expected."
The exclusive right of the
College of Cardinals to elect a
Pope dates back more than 900
years. Originally, Popes were
elected in the same manner as
other bishops — by the bishops,
clergy and faithful of Rome. But
in 769 laymen were barred from
participation in a papal el
ection.
In 1059, Pope Nicholas 11
(1059 - 61) decreed that only
cardinals could be electors, th
eir choice, however, being sub
ject to the consent of the lower
clergy and the laity. Finally,
the Second Lateran Council
(1139) placed papal elections
completely in the hands of the
cardinals. The Third Lateran
Council in 1179 stipulated that
the Pope should be chosen by
a two-thirds majority.
BISHOP GONZALEZ, who
said he spoke also In the name
of other Spanish prelates, is
head of the Spanish National
Committee on Social Problems.
He was named in 1958 by Pope
Puis Xll as Auxiliary to Arch-
VIETNAM
SAIGON (NC) —The Buddhist
Intersect Committee here has
cabled Pope Paul VI thanking
him for intervening in behalf
of Vietnamese Buddhists.
The committee claims to re
present 14 of the 16 Buddhist
sects in South Vietnam.
THE CABLEGRAM alleged
that Buddhism had been suf
fering from “oppression with
out precedent” in Vietnam’s
annals.
The committee also cabled
bishop Marcelino Olaechea Lo-
izaga of Valencia.
He entered the seminary in
his native Valencia when he was
32. He had already been grad
uated from college with a sci
ence degree when he began tol
study journalism. Heservedfor
a time as editor of the Hoja
Oficial del Lunes, published by
the Press Association of Ma
drid, and as president of the
Shorthand Typists Union of Va
lencia.
As a priest, Bishop Gonzalez
took an active part in 1950 in
founding the Social Institute of
Leo XIII, He was an active col
laborator of Archbishop Olae
chea, one of Spain’s outstanding
sociologists in an area of the
country where social problems
are most acute.
thanks to U. S. President John
F. Kennedy and U. N. Secret
ary General U Thant. The
cablegram to the Pope was the
longest of the three. Sent in
French io “His Holiness the
Pope, Vatican,” the message
ran:
"VIETNAMESE Buddhism,
freed by the revolution from an
oppression without precedent in
the national history, asks you
to accept its gratitude for your
high intervention in favor of
its struggle. We wish that
your noble gesture may be un
derstood by our Catholic bro
thers here whom we assure of
our religious sympathy.”
To President Kennedy, the
committee cabled in English:
“Vietnamese Buddhism, re
leased from chains by the re
volution, begs you to accept
deep gratitude for che high in
terest you extended its cause.”
THE CABLEGRAM to U Thant
includes thanks to the L. N.
factfinding mission which left
Saigon (Nov. 3) anc began dis
cussions on its report in New
York (Nov. 11). The message
said; “Please accept and con
vey to the investigating dele
gation our deep gratitude for
its activities for liberty’s sake
in favor o Vietnamese Buddh
ism. .
NCCW Gather
For the first time, diocesan
representatives of the NCCW
met together with the national
director from the Province of
Atlanta to exchange ideas re
garding the Internal Workings
of the Councils and the Imple
mentation of suggested pro
grams. The meeting, which was
held in Atlanta at the Holiday
Inn on November 9th, was so
productive that those present
decided to make it an annual
event.
TRANGE BUT TRU
Little-Known Facts for Catholics
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By M. j. MURRAY
Copyright, 1W3. NC W.C. New. Itmci
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IN A STAFFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND,
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■Hidden chamber used by
PRIESTS IN PENAL DAYS.
Jr ALSO SERVED TO OONCLAL
King Charles after the battle
^Of Worcester /a 1651.
fa UNGEST &ISHOP or
All times WAS HUGH
whose father,the
Comte de Vermandois,
Successfully demanded
For him the
archbishopric or Reims, France,
FROM THE FiEBLE FbPE JOHN X (914 - 2S)
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Buddhists Thank
Pope, JFK, Thant
COUNCIL OUESTION
P
Retirement Age
For Bishopric?
VATICAN CITY (NC)—Should
there be a compulsory retire
ment age for bishops?
This was the chief point at
issue in the ecumenical coun
cil’s meeting on Nov. 11. Twelve
out of 18 speakers spoke out
on the pros and cons of the
question.
THE MOST SIGNIFICANT of
the remarks in favor of retire-
. ment came from Carlo Cardinal
Confalonieri, Secretary of the
Sacred Consistorial Congre
gation. It is his congregation
which is chiefly concerned with
the disposition of bishops and
dioceses. He said:
“It is a known fact that the
powers granted to coadjutor
bishops by those whom they are
appointed to assist are altogeth
er inadequate to insure the pro
per care of souls and the gov
ernment of the dioceses. It is
often necessary for the Holy
Sea to intervene in order to
extend these faculties or even
to appoint an apostolic admin
istrator. In such cases the best
possible solution would be for
the incumbent to resign of his
own accord, since, besides
safeguarding the proper care
of souls and ecclesiastical ad
ministration, this generous
gesture would provide him with
great peace of soul and would
be a new claim to dignity."
OTHERS TO SPEAK on man
datory retirement were Arch
bishop Corrado Mingo of Mon
reale, Italy; Bishop Afonso de
Carvalho of Angra, Portugal;
'Coadjutor Bishop Antonio Ano-
veros Ataun of Cadiz, Spain;
Coadjutor Bishop Edmund No-
wicki of Gdansk, Poland; and
Coadjutor Abbot Egidio Gavaz-
si, O.S.B., of Subiaco Abbey
in Rome.
Archbishop Mingo, 62, said
that “unless the council im
poses an obligatory norm re
garding the resignation of bis
hops in special circumstances,
its directives will be next to
useless. The appointment of a
coadjutor or an auxiliary does
not automatically solve the
problem. Old age tends to tie a
man still more to his office and
authority, and there is great
danger of self-deception. It is
true that there are mny men
who can still govern a diocese
after the age of 75, but there
are many more men who can
not."
BISHOP DE CARVALHO, 51,
merely asked for modifications
in the text to clarify the posi
tion of coadjutors and auxiliar
ies during the vacancy in a dio
cese.
Bishop Anoveros, 54, coadju
tor with right of succession to
the 85-year-old Bishop of Ca
diz, suggested that the schema
“lay down genuine juridicial
norms clarifying the reasons
for resignation."
A CONCRETE suggestion of
procedure was offered by Bis
hop Nowicki, 63, speaking in
the name of the Polish bishops
present at the council. He said,
"A procedure could be that na
tional conferences of bishops
would be notified of a bishop's
condition and he would then be
under obligation to resign if
there were a majority vote of
the national conference."
Abbott Gavazzi suggested
adoption for bishops of the pro
cedure followed by the Sacred
Congregation of Religious in
dealing with, an incapacitated
abbot:
“HE (THE RETIRING AB
BOT) is given a coadjutor with
the right of succession, and this
coadjutor is provided with full
power in spiritual and temporal
matters. The incumbent abbot
receives all honors due to his
position. But the coadjutor is
unhampered in the necessary
administration of his commu
nity. This solves the difficult
problem of resignation.”
According to Archbishop
Gonzi, 78, “many persons feel
that imposing an obligatory re
tirement age on bishops would
put them in the same category
as civil services officials. This
would be an affront to their dig
nity.”
“Residential bishops should
never be forced to resign,’' 54-
year-old Bishop de Vito said
flatly. “If Bishops can be for
ced to resign, then the; are
much worse off than irremov
able pastors.”
Archabbot Reetz said that
there is a “quasi - marital
bond" between Bishops and
their dioceses and abbots and
their communities, both of
which are consecrated for life.
This principle, he said, should
be enunciated clearly in the
schema.
Bishop de La Fuente, 64,
complained that the text “fails
to make any provision for bis
hops expelled from their dio
ceses." He urged that such
prelates be "either made au
xiliaries of large dioceses or
assigned to some other suit
able office.
Here in brief is the gist of
the remaining speeches:
Bishop Johannes Pohlschnei-
der of Aachen, Germany, urged
that the relationship between
residential bishops and their
auxiliaries be marked by a mu
tual spirit of honesty and chari
ty.
Bishop Jacinto Argaya of
Mondonedo - Ferrol, Spain,
complained about the system—
not familiar in the United States
—under which the canons of the
diocesan cathedral elect the
temporary administrator of the
diocese when the Ordinary dies.
Coadjutor Bishop Antonine
Caillot of Evreux, France, op
posed the appointment of non-
residential Bishops to Titular
Sees—ancient Catholic diocese
which are now extinct. He
labeled the system unrealis
tic and “ecumenically offen
sive," since many titular
Sees are actually held by non-
Catholie prelates. Bishop Cail
lot is Titular Bishop of Bono-
mia, ancient town in Lacia which
is the modern city of Bidin in
Bulgaria, the seat of an Ortho
dox metropolitan.
Bishop Carlos de Mello, O.
F.M., of Palmas, Brazil, asked
for more detail on the relation
ships between individual bis
hops and national episcopal con
ferences.
In the course of the assembly,
the council Fathers were given
copies of the amended schema
on communications media with
the instructions that it would
be subject to final approval by
means of two votes were to be
cast Thursday, Nov. 14.
A reliable source reported
that the documents on com
munications media and the Lit
urgy would be promulgated on
Saturday, Nov. 30.
At the end of the morning’s
session it was announced that
the council Fathers were to be
asked to vote on Tuesday, Nov.
12, on whether or not to refer
chapter five of the schema on
bishops to the new Commis
sion for the Revision of Canon
Law.
It was explained that this
chapter, dealing with erection
of parishes and determination
of parish boundaries, appeared
to be too detailed to be discus
sed on the council floor.
It was anticipated that both
the amended schema on com
munications media and the pro-
pos*ed deferral of the fifth chap
ter of the schema on bishops
would be passed without signifi
cant opposition.
Ousted Priest
Is Reinstated
He is Father Paul Cao van
Luan, who has been reinstated
b\ Vietnam’s military council
and provisional government as
rector of the state university
in Hue.
His summar; dismissal Aug,
16 sparked a protest movement
among Hue pro essors and
students that spread to
the student world in the uni
versity and some secondary
schools in Saigon.
Pope Assures
Indian Help
VATICAN CITY (NC)—Pope
Paul VI told a group of district
officials from India who visited
him here that they could always
count on the complete coopera
tion of India’s Catholics and
foreign missioncrs.
He added that he was confi
dent that Indian officials would
“facilitate the beneficial acti
vities of the Catholic Church in
India, in its churches, schools,
hospitals and other institu
tions.’’