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PAGE 7—The Georgia Bulletin, August 21,1980
BOLIVIAN PERSPECTIVE
Fr. Tuffy Reflects
Bolivia: Outlook Grim
(Father Tuffy, a priest of
the Atlanta diocese on loan to
the Missionary Society of St.
James, has served in Bolivia
for the past five years. He had
returned to this country for a
brief stay this summer and was
in Boston in July when a
military coup occurred in
Bolivia, preventing the
establishment of a government
elected to office by Bolivians
in late June. Father Tuffy was
asked to give his perspective.)
BY FATHER LIAM J.
TUFFY
Bolivia . . . that’s in
Africa somewhere, right?
“No Sir, it’s in South
America.” Oh, yes,
Bogota, right? . . . Bogota
is the capital. .? “No Sir,
La Paz is the capital.” Gee,
I think it’s just great that
you guys go to all these
strange places and help the
natives, you know. Just
like the Peace Corps.
That’s great!
N ormal Street, USA?
Right on!
It’s happened a
thousand times since I
have been back and I just
cannot get used to it, so
here I am heading off
another image destroyed
at Humiliation Pass. Five
years of my life and
nobody knows where I
have been except the IRS.
While it is as normal as
schrod in Boston and
understandable as a
nervous breakdown in a
traffic snarl, American
ignorance of what is
happening outside the U.S.
is as destructive as a bull in
a chinaware store; and
especially so with regard
to what is happening on
our southern border.
BOLIVIA IS A
LAND-LOCKED
COUNTRY in central
South America and its
155-year experience of
Republic is key to
understanding the political
change of the past 25
years and the years to
come.
It is the poorest
country in South America
with a population of five
million people, the
majority of whom are of
Indian stock. It was, until
the 189th government
takeover, several weeks
ago, the recipient of the
greatest American aid to
any country on the Latin
American continent. It
was a U.S. ally in the
Second World War because
of its important tin and
other mineral resources
and, for some strange
reason, since that time,
American enemies of the
War have been doing
better than its friends.
Bolivia is a big story; its
destiny will have an
impact greater than it
normally would on
democracy in Latin
America because of its
geographical position and
history. And these days a
drama is being lived by a
largely peasant People that
could have undreamed of
consequences for all
believers in democracy in
the Americas. To prove
my point, I have but to
mention Argentina’s
recognition of the new
military government and
its expressed willingness to
pay the bills that the U.S.
has been paying up to
now. Recognition by
Brazil is not far away;
Paraguay and Uruguay are
in the wings and the
recently born democracies
of the Andean countries
and close neighbors of
Bolivia are running scared
because they recognize the
patterns.
The Bolivian story is
too big for me, but I can
give you some perspective
on it because of my close
association with some of
its people. The story
involves danger and so I
have “changed the names
to protect the innocent.”
MEET IGNACIO. He is
an educated peasant who
has a wife and five kids
ranging in age from nine to
23 years. They live in an
adobe hut on a couple of
acres of land on what is
known as the Altiplano of
Bolivia, a broad plateau at
13,000 feet in the Andes.
The basic amenities that
we take for granted are
unknown to them and
survival is a way of life.
Elvira, Ignacio’s wife, is a
quiet and beautiful person,
whose life history can be
read in her face. She has
seen four of her nine born
children die at childbirth
or very early years, and
while she says that it is her
“destino” (fate), a fierce z
capacity for survival glows
in her personality.
I said that Ignacio is an
educated peasant, but the
fact is that he has spent
very few years in a school
of any kind. However, he
has a surprising grasp of
the magnitude of his
people’s problems and
their probable causes. His
response is everyday
dedication to community
building and “conscious
ness” growth.
Ignacio has channelled
his anger at “destino” into
a constructive fight against
injustice and those who
live by it. A man who
supports his family on $10
a month has few concerns
that are not basic. His first
concern after the
well-being of his family is
the hunger-induced apathy
of his people and the loss
of Aymara Indian identity
in a society where the only
acceptable model is white,
rich and “superior.”
“Ignacio is not involved
politically in the usual
sense of the word because
he hates with a crusaders’
passion, the politicians
who supposedly represent
the majority Indian
population but ignore
their basic needs and play
with their lives. Strangely
enough, he relates very
well to many of the
university students who
are equally enslaved by an
activism born of
frustration. Let us meet
one of them.
MARCELLO IS
MIDDLE CLASS, studies
economics at the local
university and is involved
politically on the same
side as Ignacio. He is
fiercely nationalistic and
hostile to imperialism in
any garb. He is aware that
he suffers from a
media-manipulated
complex born of his pride
in the Bolivian heritage
and his slightly veiled
inherited antipathy toward
the “Indio.” Liberal
American whites who were
actively involved in the
Civil Rights Movement of
the 60s would understand
his suffering. Marcello
could have studied abroad,
but his “complex” would
not allow his giving up the
work of “conscientizing”
his fellow students,
workers, miners, and the
unemployed about the
practical effects of the
thinking known as
“National Security.”
Today, Marcello would
be considered by the new
military regime as a
Communist agitator paid
out of Cuba or China;
little do the military
recognize that THEY have
had a great deal to do with
creating sensitive human
beings like Marcello who
then become monstrous
thorns in their own sides.
The insidiousness of the
situation is difficult to
realize, but it is possible
that a son of Ignacio, who
is presently serving in the
military, could be called
upon to shoot and kill
Marcello in these early
weeks of the 189th
government of the
Republic that is named for
Simon Bolivar, the
Liberator. Though
difficult for us to accept,
the gun used could very
BLOCKS TO THE JUNTA - Bolivia block the streets in efforts to
Opponents of the military junta thwart military convoys rolling
which overthrew the government of through the capital of La Paz.
well be a U.S. model and
“a gift of the American
People.”
TODAY, “BEAU
TIFUL WORLD” (that is
how her name translates)
is in danger as many times
before. I am confident
that she is in hiding. She is
deeply involved in the
Human Rights Assembly;
though her joy is teaching
the pleasures of literature
to high school students,
her most serious avocation
is to stand before the
thrones of the
everchanging powers
-that-be to denounce
injustice and defend life.
Pablo, a labor union
worker and a miner, is a
good friend of “Beautiful
World.” They rarely agree
but when united in the
face of injustice, they
cause thrones to tremble.
They, and many like them,
are the reason why
imposed governments fall
and why this most recent
one will surely fall. They
will lament the fact that
all military will be
tarnished by this as will all
other involvement in
non-garrison politics. But
today, Pablo is probably in
the main shaft of one of
the larger tin mines,
mainstay of a floundering
economy, and though he is
one of God’s gentler
creatures, he is prepared to
blow that shaft and his
fellow workers to bits if
the military do not respect
the people’s choice for
President in the June 29
elections.
Allow me here to pay
tribute to another young
man. I can give his real
name because he is dead
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and nothing I say can
harm his family because
Marcello Quiroga Santa
Cruz and leader of the
Socialist Party-!, the
idealistic, rich,
B ible-reading intellectual,
was well known to friend
and foe alike. As a
younger man he worked
untiringly for the
nationalization of Gulf Oil
in Bolivia and helped bring
a boom to the now
modern city of Santa
Cruz. He was killed,
ironically, because he was
a threat to Santa Cruz and
to National Security and
international interests,
I CAN WELL
IMAGINE JORGE
MANRIQUE TODAY.
That is how the five-foot
firebrand Archbishop of
La Paz is known. While he
still mourns the loss of
Luis Espinal, a Jesuit who
was brutally assassinated
after four hours of even
more brutal torture some
months ago, the
Archbishop is probably
testing to the extreme his
second pacemaker as he
defends the rights of the
poor and the lives of the
oppressed. Many of his
priests and nuns are in
prison because, among
other things, they openly
denounced the summary
execution of three youths
on the streets of La Paz.
His petition for their
release will not be heard
while the Vatican refuses
to recognize the new
government.
With fear and great
sympathy for him, I
introduce another Jorge
who is studying in a
military college, T cannot
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represent what I know
must be his great agony
now. It has grown with the
passing of time. He
wrestles with the question
of his own identity and his
choice of profession and it
is difficult to say whether
the influence of his
freedom fighter father or
military discipline shall
win. But who can win
where to love one is to
hate the other? Desertions
are taking place though we
do not know at what level
of army ranking. Open
divisions among the brass
are evident. Signs of
strength are giving way to
weakness and, as always,
the defenseless people are
stronger than the military
machine.
One of my critics
strongly suggests that I
give the “so-called
oppressor’s perspective.”
That is fair but I could not
in honesty give that view
because I do not know
anyone personally. My
perspective on them would
be a caricature of their
position which I am sure
conceals sincerity and
convictions. My bias is
obvious and I believe it
will not obstruct
objectivity.
Often, as an
“American” (Gringo) in
Latin America, I have
mused on and discussed
whether there is more
active participation in
government in the U.S. or
Bolivia. I must admit that
a conclusion evades me,
but whatever the result,
democracy is obviously a
worthy inspiration and
perhaps the answer lies in
the search.
■HWE MIEFHI.LV m
3986 Printed in U S A.
BY GERALD M. COSTELLO
PATERSON, N.J. (NC) - Two bishops
serving in Bolivia agreed in separate
interviews Aug. 1 and 5 that the military
coup which rocked the nation makes the
outlook grim for Bolivia’s people and the
church, especially for the next few months.
However, they pointed out that
Americans should try to understand the
complicated events in both the civil and
church spheres which helped to bring it
about.
“You can’t defend the coup, but you
can explain how it happened,” said
Auxiliary Bishop Gennaro Prata of La Paz.
Franciscan Bishop Thomas R. Manning
of Coroico offered a similar view. “To be
realistic you just can’t sit back and criticize
the military,” he said.
Both bishops expressed full support for
the statement of the Bolivian hierarchy
which condemned the takeover and its
effect on the political process. Political
factors were primarily responsible for the
coup, which took place July 17 when a
three-man junta took over the country “to
avoid leftist terrorism and economic
chaos,” as the junta described it.
Bishop Prata, who handles many
financial details for the Bolivian bishops’
conference and for the country’s Catholic
University, was in the New York City area
to deal with financial problems which he
said have been aggravated by the coup. An
intimate of many Bolivian government
figures over the years and board chairman
of Presencia, the country’s largest
newspaper, he said he regretted the
necessity of his trip at this time.
“I think I could work effectively to get
some of our people released from jails,” he
said. “But our financial crisis made this
visit absolutely necessary.”
Bishop Manning, one of four Americans
in the 23-member Bolivian hierarchy, is a
native of Baltimore who has headed the
prelacy of Coroico since 1959. Visiting for
a month in the Paterson Diocese, he will
conduct a number of mission talks.
Bishop Manning said that none of the
18 political parties which had entered
candidates in the June presidential election
had sufficient maturity to form coalitions
capable of governing and that the military
was frightened by the prospects.
“Hernan Sites Zuazo of the Popular
Democratic Union was the leading
candidate, and probably would have been
elected in Congress,” the bishop added.
“But he was still a minority selection and a
rather weak one at that. No political
alignments developed until after the
election. The government would have been
weak, and that worried the military.
They’re concerned about any leftist
government; a weak leftist government is
even more of a problem.”
The arrest of militant priests and nuns
stands as testimony to the junta’s fears
about elements of the Bolivian church,
Bishop Manning noted, again with a
measure of understanding.
“Some church people in Bolivia from
other parts of the world are very naive
about the local situation and haven’t had
enough time to get into it. And some
Religious are dedicated to a kind of
sociological Utopia,” he said. “They really
don’t seem to be interested in preaching
the Gospel. Some are leftists and some, by
their own admission, are Marxists.
“Now, you get a military man who sees
everything in black-and-white terms,
hearing leftist doctrine from church
people, and he can’t understand why the
church doesn’t take a stand against them,”
the bishop continued. “The church has to
come to grips with this; it’s a serious
problem.”
Bishop Prata, a native of Italy who has
spent 23 years in Bolivia, admitted feeling
somewhat depressed in the coup’s
aftermath.
He is especially concerned about the
future of Bolivia’s Catholic University,
where 2,000 students - from all economic
classes - are enrolled. It has lost the
government funding it received and tuition
increases are beyond the reach of most
students. “I’m afraid we might have to
close,” he said.
Can the church work comfortably with
the new government?
“I wonder (if) the church can work
comfortably with any government
anywhere, if it preaches what it should be
preaching,” said Bishop Manning. “That
goes for the United States, too, where
we’re confronted with immorality,
abortion, the absence of God from
day-to-day affairs. The difference is that
here in America, there’s at least a right to
speak out and to fight.
“In Bolivia, I suppose we can work with
them, especially since the country formally
professes Catholicism and Christianity. But
I know we’ll have some uncomfortable
moments,” Bishop Manning explained.
“You have to make an effort to work
with the government in order to help the
people,” Bishop Prata said. “You can’t
accomplish too much by fighting it. You
do have to ensure that human rights will be
respected and that the consitution will be
observed as much as possible.
MILITARY MIGHT ~ A
truckload of Bolivian soldiers patrols
a light-traveled street in the Bolivian
capital of La Paz following the
military takeover of the government.
The coup has been decried by tne
president of the National Conference
of Catholic Bishops in the United
States. Eleven priests were arrested
after the takeover.
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