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could be finer than to be in
Carolina” introduced and
welcomed us from “the Colonies”
to the guests, nearly 300.
A promenade of couples, ladies
wearing paper parasols on their
shoulders and men wearing straw
hats, reminiscent of vaudevillian
days, was a highlight of the
evening. A Purim-like atmosphere,
festive and fun, prevailed.
We toured many places, but two
places of Jewish interest are
noteworthy.
The first is the Bevis Marks
Synagogue, the Spanish-
Portugese synagogue, first built in
1645, rebuilt at this location in
1701, the oldest synagogue in the
English-speaking world. It is the
mother synagogue of Charleston's
Kahol Kadosh Beth Elohim today,
a Reform temple of great historical
reputation.
A few benches, black with
age, from the original 1645
synagogue are at this building, and
there is a large plaque on the
outside naming the founders,
names of Spanish and Portugese
descent recalling names known in
Charleston and Savannah.
The second place that we suggest
seeing when you visit London
(notwithstanding Sunday morning
at Petticoat Lane and enjoying a
salt beef sandwich at Bloom's
Delicatessen!) is the Jewish
Museum at Woburn House in
Woburn Square.
Small, only two rooms, and
manned by a part-time curator and
a not-too-friendly volunteer, the
museum is on the second floor of
the building which houses the
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offices and headquarters of the
United Synagogues of Great
Britain, the offices of Rabbi
Jakobovit7, and, it seemed, a small
school and a home for the aged A
thorough body and parcel search
preceded our being allowed to
enter; a passport check, hometown
noted and written, and a few
questions as to why we were there;
more security than we had
undergone at the many
government buildings we visited.
But it was worth not getting the
welcome 1 expected.
There are now about 450,000
Jews in England, mostly
descended from refugees from
Russian and Central Europe. The
first Jews settled during the reign
of William the Conqueror in 1066,
but on July 18, 1290, Tisha B'av,
Edward II expelled all Jews from
England and gave them until
November I to leave. The anti-
Semitic outbursts, massacres and
unexpected persecution made life
in England impossible and only
those who converted remained.
When the Spanish Inquisition
began in 1492, Marrano Jews
hiding their religious observances,
found refuge in England for a short
time, but it was not until the early
1600s that Oliver Cromwell
attempted to annul the edict of
1290 and allowed the Jews to
return and observe their religion
openly. Cromwell’s Puritan
background and his observations
of flourishing governments due to
the business acumen and wealth of
Jewish merchants in the European
trade centers were instrumental in
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changing English attitudes toward
Jews. But the 1290 edict has never
officially been annulled; Jews were
never officially re-admiued into
England. They just achieved
government recognition and
eventually their presence was
considered legitimate.
The Sephardim of the 1600s
eventually yielded to the majority
of Ashkenazi Jews who poured
into England in the 18th century
due to persecution in Central and
Eastern Europe and the two classes
have learned to live with one
anolheryAimilarly in Israel, Ihe
differences do exist.
The Jewish community reached
its zenith in members throughout
England, from Manchester and
Lancaster to London and
Liverpool, in the late 1880s during
the Russian and Polish pogroms.
Emigration to England increased
and that is when my ancestors left
Rumania for England My
maternal grandmother, Leah
Tornstein, for whom 1 am named,
left London in 1907 with her
husband, Hyman Goldstein, and
two children for the “golden land
of South Georgia,” (Thomasville,
Ga.) leaving behind her brother
and two sisters and their families in
London’s East End. Today, they
live mostly in Ilford, the site of the
largest community of Jews in all of
Europe, and it is their families that
have grown and prospered. We
met 27 new cousins and my
vivacious, dark, curly-haired
young cousin, Betsy, named for my
great aunt, was the beautiful bride
at the most exciting wedding
Philip and I have ever attended.
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PAGE ’ THE SOUTHERN ISRAELITE M.y 2, 1980