Newspaper Page Text
'
i-’
mm DOLLARS PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE.
ATHENS, GA.1 AUGUST 25, -187!
VOL. XL.—NO. 52—NEW SERIES, VOL 4. NO. 44
Miscellaneous.
i What the Hebrews Knew of Fanning.
road has not the capacity lor the work
demanded. The Pennsylvania Cen
tral Railroad, with all its immense
business, was a single track for several
years, and was worked with per
fect success. Try the single track steel
railroad; its capacity will amaze and
delight your people, and its safety is
its highest merit You are making no
experiment; all this has, fortunately
for you been done, and your way is
plain—only “ go ahead.”
With my very best wishes for the
success of your people in these and all
other movements for the advancement
of their true unSreSsTl^MX^a^E?
sir, Truly your friend and obedient
servant.
Fireside Miscellany.
JenkIns~Gowtol Plcnle. j “ A . Vi,B * e Parson: ha * bw»S*viag
! attention to this topic, and publishes
Maria Ann recently determined to the result of his re-1arch in the 1VU-
go to a picnic. , liamette Farmer, of Salem, Oregon:
Maria Ann is my wife—unfortunate- i In his laws Moses made agriculture
FLOUR & FEED STORE!
ON COLLEGE AVENUE,
(opposite newton house.)
W. H. Irwin
|»l kVM.ftM,
BY S. A. ATKINSON,
If THREE DOLLARS PER A3NUH,
STRICTLY IS ADVANCE.
O.fice, Broad sL,overJ. H. Huggins.
BITIW np AllTF.UTlSlXG.
vurrllwmenu w ill !*• inverts at Or e Dollar and
rift, cvhl« (wr Squire of 1* Uoca, for -.he Aral, and
(ienu for each eubeoqueot insertion,
tine under mw month. Fiere lifer period
tiN.nl eontneta will be made.
Business Directory.
luimi conn. k. «. krwis.howiill.cobb
COBB, ERBflN * COBB,
A TT O RS 'EY B AT L AW ,
Alban*, oeonto. OOee In U* Denpree
bnUdif.
I». «. CANDLER,
\ TTORNEY AT LAW.
a"! Homer. IN.tLa County Ur. Will Pfliw
in t*»w count i«*w of H.tnk-*, Jackson, 11*11, Habcr-
tha a auJ Franklin.
***TI\W HI DUN,
\ TTORNKY AT LAW
4 V And .Hilary INiUlle, Athens, (L. Will j»ra
tice nine »Vuteri* cltvuit X will give imrtionlfer
jf.iMiJion to the .ullftl'on ofclilu^, and wlllnei h*
R*tot f -r the pureh
r u*«*«’lt wlUl tJH !*•
to l uild of real estate
i-.nl.Ml
>KV.L !•>>', C. Vf. SL.ULLL,
SKELTON A SKIDKt L.
T TOR N K V rf AT L A W,
llarlwrll. Hurl County. Georgia-
l llfM AN X HIS VON,
T T O It N E Y S A T L A W ,
icoumy, <la.
i II; iOlON'H,
1, A W ,
A T T O It N E Y
sahikl i*
A T I'd It X K Y A 1 I
Air,c .... ,
ifuet, over
attention
lieciion of
.1 \ \ vie 11.
HARDWARE,
ri »ge .Miterlil, Mining
Table and
Ticket Cuttery*
AND MANUFACTURER’S AGENTS FOR
SILVER FLATE0 WARE.
Railroad, the Pennsylvania Central,
the North Pennsylvania, the South
Pennsylvania', and the Philadelphia and
Erie Railroads, yet such are the de
mands for coal, iron, lumber, lime,
glass, sand, etc., and so imminent is
the danger to the great iron and steel
interest of Pennsylvania from the de
velopment of the magnificent mineral
fields of Alabama and Tennessee, that,
in my judgment, the narrow gauge is
an imperious necessity, not as a rival
to the broad gauge, but as an aid to it,
by doing thut, and doing it well, which
table, and as safe as the broad gauge ?
They are more comfortable than the
broad gauge passenger cars, for while
there is abundant room, there is no
crowd, as in large, fifty passenger
broad gauge cars, and the ventilation
is much better. They are as safe as a
broad gauge car in every respect so far
as the car is concerned, and much
safer when it is considered that, so far
as the track is concerned, all crushing
of the rails—a fruitful source of acci
dents—is avoided. The centre of gra
vity.in the narrow gauge cars is low,
(GLASS TOP.)
j. \ j. »
I vKALEItS IN
t / Iron Stum!, N ill-, £ i
npl*.u**ls, Ac., WiuiPiUl
».v i \ Bsres,
\ TTOilNEV AT
- A. iiom«r, lUritv County, Ha. ^
; w j vksktr. i f jo. ?*• wm.oirx. i
*!’. .Yi-R. > < 'V. W. AIlllOlU. ~
M >. V ITILK.J (r. !• WILW41TK. fV,
ilunvtt, Little & Fo., j” 4
1‘ OH 54 -l» A CIA 4*5 e* S, |
trlbyville, lenn.
CASUAL* ADA.
r> SIQNBK,
JngjMBr and jfji&Ui,
F.bTEOTROT-yVINO,
S W Corn ten l oi'ini asd IViout StbkktsI
Lock Box 226.
’W
JR
the broad gauge very iiuperfectly*per- j an< ^ fberefore their oscillation is slight,
forms, to- wit: the stimulation of the jand the trains travel smoothly and quiet-
development ot the interior resources of • Ij-Lut passengers will prefer the narrow
Pennsylvania by cheap transportation. I g a,l S c railroad, for in addition to equal
Pennsylvania requires railroads ex- j Co| “lort and rapidity and greater
pressly and solely devoted to her home ^dety, they will travel much cheaper
i:;torc?t*\ Fortunately for your State, 011 it. than cm a broad gauge. I need
<40
FRUIT
Ch
>
JARS! Ee
To Merchants.
S. V. DOBBS,
D ealer in dry gcods,
c dock kies, pr.omcK. hardware,
READ Y-UADE CLO J'iUMJ,
BOOTS, SHOES, HATS,
Hi) in abort, an nsworl**! Muck «>f f.uully *n
^Uniaihm iuiMvl!an<li*i > . Tl»r i luurkei pre
forcoumry ) ro-lu « .
Kinsman & Howell\
Factors and Commission
Merchants.
Liberal Advances made on
Cotton atid Naval Stores.
Charleston, S.C.
J'.ns rorra. Calvin w. paiib.
POTTS &. PaRR.
PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL
PAINTERS,
Jixlwm ft., 1 ft Door above Xat. Bank,
ATHENS, GEO HGI A.
W l.L give prompt attention to al!
or«l«>re lor llouu*, ^icn an»l Fmnry piintinn
***xx dw ripll-n Furniture cleaned, tainted
v\rni«i.eil, :it short notice. Orvlen Iimid the
.coBotrjr nrtnn|.lly tilled. Mixed ready for
turmvheil to order. itil v Ta it
500 Keirs Nails.
( DOMINION AND ROME
^ f..r Nile at
GUl-DS, NICKERSON & CO'S.
Tim SHOVELS, Spades, Axes,
Triif ki' “j Fork*, Straw Cullen,
W Footl* Idirinodynr,
LL RELIEVE INSTANTLY
d>«- worst cNBt of t« oth«che. Prepared by
_ ^ ^lNii.at NEW liKVli STOBE.
UtMiERs ON FIRE .XSURAKCE:
" e w.H SapHc«te»ny JPew Fort auorlment ot
Crockery, Cutlery or Gl.ru- ll'arr.
We U»,e uwrte,l Cntes of REST
IRONSTONE & C C.WARE
of our own Importation, packed to our order, and
exactly suited to the wants t>J Country Merchants,
containing no high-priced dishes or tureens, or
other hard stovk, but just such Goods as those in
constant cash demand.
We sell these Crates for net cash, for SSOOO, and
guarantee entire satisfaction to every purchaser.
Will send list on application.
the new era in railroading dawns on
you with the early morn of returning
prosperity. You are just in time to
save yoi reelves from a very heavy in-,
vestment in broad gauge railroads,
which never could directly pay the
stockholders, although indirectly any
GBANTVILLE, GA., APRIL 7,1S71.
Sturt. McBride A- Co—Atlanta, Ga :
We have just marked ihe Crockery, Ac. We are
pleased with tbe bill. Allow us to congratulate
you on securing such a Good Packer. Scarcely a
piece broken. Fill the order f r Cutlery at lowest
prices. Truly Yours,
GAURETT A ZELLa *-S.
June 2l,~ly.
Berkshire Piss for Sale.
IN KENTUCKY \VE HAVE
1 tried the ration, hrreda of hug., Incin ling the
While ('heater ■ nd -\Mex, and regardllie Ileik.liire
»».-up-rlor. Th - Barkahire•lands unrivalled with
our hog breeder*, and al our <Mr», a* a line hog. 1
mi prepared lo furnish pig. to those wishing to or
der from me, at a* reasonable rales as any one. I
ran fitrniidi Ihctu by the single pig or tlio pair,
from the rory host stork In the country, ringing
from those almost pure, up to the purest thorough
bred, with pedigree. I wi|l ,«i and deliver a pai<
of pig. at tbe rtilroad dei<ot * ready for shipment
with their p.dlgre* aeeompanying. .bowing slot k
•eearately, alfiiunZftOSo ISO a pnir, aecori'.ingto
their purity : they will liefrom luto 14 weeksuld,
and weigh front SU to 100 lhs. eurh. Address
det-9-ly llBV. W. T. WOOD, l»errye
not elaborate the patent fact, che-ip
travel, cheap transportation must in
evitably settle the question in favor of
the narrow gauge. The North-western
Railroad has its termini at Mobile and
Memphis, connecting the Mississippi
and the Gulf at two capital points,
reasonbly gauged railroad is far better j destined to a splendid tutu re. It will
than none. ! ** a vei 7 important coal, iron, cotton,
- You are aware that an English gov-' lumber, and passenger road, with,‘I
<-rninent commission, after a most thor-' should siqipose, highly favorable
ough investigation during tbe past year, grades. Memphis, as well as Mobile,
has decided that railroads of the nar- j must ancltor herself amid your mineral
row gauge are the cheapest anti best j fields. Will not this railroad j ower-
that can be used in India. So, too^’fully stimulate the growth of both eitie.-?
after the f ullest examination by the | If it is cheaply and safely built it cer-.
most scientific engineer, the kingdom of, taiuly will, for cheap trau portation is i I trust, sir, that not an inch of iron
Norway lias adopted the narrow gauge j alike the life blood of each, and this rail will be laid ia Alabama. Steel
for all public railroads; and among our j ean oaly be at their command by rail- rails ara£aa«a{br,/ar mope cconomi-
Northirn, Middle and Western States roads of the modern narrow gauge. If cal, far better in ever}' respect than
Your railroad from Mobile to Eiytcn
will be striclly an Alabama road, and
ought to be, as'far as possible, light
down grades to Mobile, the market for
its main traffic. It will carry mainly,
coal, iron ore, iron, steel, fire brick,
lime, lumber. It should be a narrow
gauge, I dunk, will admit of no dis
pute. If Jj^earrow gauge will do all
tbe work y^require of a railroad, and
all testimottiy practical and scientific,
demonstrates its admirable adaptation
for traffic aud travel, why will you
throw away ${1,000 per mile? I resjtec-
tfully ask' tpF advocate of the wide
that practical ques
tion. I ask every friend of the narrow
gauge to press home this dollar and
cent common sense question: Why
throw away 89,000 per mile ? In Great
Britain so great is the change of opin
ion on this point that in Wales, at
Festiniug, a railroad only two(2) feet
gauge is in successful operation.—
There is no guess work, no conjecture,
in this movement; it is strictly a mat
ter of calculation, and the result must
be reliable absolutely. The traction
power of even light locomotives draw
ing the light trains of the narrow gauge
is very great, and they run up very
heavy grades and around sharp curve?
with facility and safety. This insure?
a system of lateral or branch railroads
leading right and left along your line ,
and tapping every important point ot
local trade, thus stimulating every
form of industry in the-interior, both
drained by your trunk road and its
brandies, and carrying its products to
your city and to Memphis. Need I
add anything to the facts now before
you on this question of gauges ? I
think not. Your way is, in my judg
ment, dear and bright. With the
narrow gauge your railroad will pay
from the score, and a few years will
find them rapidly extending through
your State and adjoining States. There
is no dauger of isolating your railroads;
the revolution in gauge is a national
movement, and sure of universal adop
tion.
To Hake Good CMer.
Oar attention has recently been di
rected t^an improved method of making
cider, the principal feature of which is
to let the juice renaia with the pumace
from twelve to twenty-four hours after
the fruit is ground before it is pressed
out. The excellence of this method
arises from, the fact that the juice, if
expressed immediately, will hold in
solution a large quantity of muddy
sediment, which acts as a yeast, causiug
rapid fermentation, which soon passes
from a vinous to an acetic fermenta
tion, and vineger is the result. It the
juice is allowed to remain with the
pumace for a day, certain chemical
changes are induced, the sediment will
be compacted, and tbe dear, pure-cider
will be eliminated from the mass.
Cider thus made will be of rich, clear
\ I?fv*DsLo» th* Lav of Kite In.uramr;
OI uil.1 *7 Hamli-I., author of “ A Tratiw
T *•»«." <-tc. One voL, mhwp. $7 Ml.
Kurwlel.jr T. A. UUUKE.
Mrs. lllll’s Cook Book.
V EW SUPPLY just received, by
•> T. A. BURKE.
TOH9 0IU4X.r
1 1 ILL & BKYDYE, at the old es-
* 1- lahliaiicd
li.YUBISR-SHOP,
‘■t I 'trtM*?. over tho store of Messrs. J. it.
• M vulufvvs •.>.**«• the Ih-sI nn>l n.oat altenliYe
* •» u:»; all ike modern ai>|>lutmea for Sll \V-
*• > *Wi'll , 0:»i *l». fl t .lt-hkr.S . tlr. l*n*
^ at • :i»..1 r.-i» vr.it.'-I on al rmldoac**,
. /•##/ nt’Rrtem casob will receive
do i car. ful uttentimi. J uly
Wm. A- Talmadge,
OP. POST OFFICE. COL. AlKHK, AI1IKX
• ca mm. m-z
AUAilland Colton Seed Hullei
, v COMBINED.
V »' wLD i u Geonria, made in Geor-
V Ororjla tuauHal. Thi* ia a
•*..- > i ' ’ .'.*^<-»«l 1 ron,antl I* raw harden-
? , - , '*).an without wearing out. It
/.i r ! //o **9. Bui’h Cotton Seed,
IV< * n Wheat. I» ia the SlmpDtl, i’/ieap-
WU and Seed Untier in t!,ir
^ a ,y,’ r a p nuilad ft»r flve Vers. It
w-i t», Of Com, atxl hull s « bii.lieU
»»1 u»r rirruljrand ntireliM, tr.
4,.,. '<• R-G(Ercuiu.>i co..
— '*• (•■lunibu*,t l H.
M i.wni|i Seed.
WWTOH*
u\vKi>,
?R ' b)
fejtOTA BAGA,
'•‘Mb RUTA BAGA,
PULs, l AND GENUINE,
AT THE
NEW DRUG STORE.
IVa!er in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver-plat ~
Ware, Mas.cut t nsl rumen is, Cjie«»taclt‘S f Gudb •'
l'istols, -SjHirting EqiripnieniP, Ac., Ac.
A Select stuck of American and Im
ported Watches, DouldeGun* with
40 inch barrel, excellent for Iona
ra*ff' . Fiktclii of all kinds.
Penetration of bull 6*^
inch« into wood.
With a desire to please all, will sell the abort good
at rery reasonable prices.
REPAIRING.
Watches, Chicks, Jewelry, Guns and Pistols,
promptly attended to In a satisfactory manner.-
Call and see for yourselves. apr S
New Books.
THE COMIC BLACKSTONE; by
1 Gilbert Abbot A'Beckctt, with illustrations
bv lleorrr Cruikabank. One larn« volume. 52 SO.
'Why .Till he not Die? or, the Child from the
Ehr-u'iganR. Prom the German; by Mr*. A. L.
Winter. 51 <3.
He-It. Doiuf volume ft rut of Science for the
V»unf; by Jueob Abbott, with numerous illustra
tions. 51 SO.
Callirhoe. By Maurice Han# (eon of George
San.11. From the French, by 8. A. Deponte, of
New Orleana. 51 7S.
Fob better than Phyatc: nr, Ererybody’a Life
Preeerver; by W. W. Hull, M. D. 51 M.
Thu lleutbcn Chinee; by Bret Harte. with eight
ill.istretlona. Price 25 cent*. Foraalebr
Juno 2 T. A. BURKE.
SUMMEY & NEWTON;
Importers and Dealers t»
Iron, Steel, Kails, HollawWare,
(CTI.EKV Clift's. ANV55.M TI»Kl»,
5IAMOWAH8. AC',
No. 6, Broad Street, Athens, Ga.
Office Northeastern Railroad,)
Athens, June 17; 1571. S
'VTOTICE ia hereby given that the
J_N Book*of Subscription to tht Northeastern
Georgia Kail rood an now open for aubacription, at
their ottce; also, 5 per cent on the subarribed
•tock U now dae and payable to K. L. Meee, Treas-
it Jefferson, Homer, Har
mony Grove
, Acting President.
B. L.
J. A.
SecreUry
the narrow gauge is attracting great
.lttention, and eminent engineers de
clare that its universal adoption is a
question of time alone. There is no
natural reason in favor of the broad
gauge, and its use was purely accidental
and arbitrary. The first experimental
iron railroad in Great Britain was laid
at four feet eight and a half inches,
and the locomotives built by Stephenson
and others, to be tested thereon, were
necessarily of that gauge, and when
they were a success the gauge of Eng
lish railnrds was adopted in America
to suit the locomotives purchased in
England, from whom, also our railroad
liar, spikes, chairs, etc., were purchased.
But experience here and in Europe
clearly demonstrates that not only are
trunk railroad lines demanded in ever}’
civilized country but that a railroad
system is a modern necessity. The
only question now is, how can they best
be built ? Whatever may occur in the
future, it is certain, by the elaborate
test of figures, that the broad gauge
will not pay in competition with the
narrow gauge, in the present condition
of our country, for these main reasons:
First, the cost of the road bod, super-
tructure, rolling stock and motive
power of a broad gauge is very much
more than that of a narrow; gauge rail
road. “ A careful and elaborate esti
.mate of the comparative cost of one
hundred miles of narrow gauee (three
feet) track, and the same leugth of
wide gauge (four feet eight and a half
inches), makes the former 81,635,800,
<tr 816,358 per mile, and the latter
82,538,300, or 825,538 per mile—a dif
ference of ever 89,000 per mile in favor
of the narrow gauge. This includes
not only the entire cost of the road,
with sidings, fencing and engineering,
but depots, shops, locomotives and care
:dso; in short, the completed road and
its equipment. The difierence between
a road costing 825,000 a mile and one
equally able to do the business costing
only 816,000 per mile, is a point of no
little importance.” Second, “But it
is not in the first cost alone that there
is a difierence in favor of the narrow
gauge track; a proportionate difierence
runs through the operating expenses.
The reductions of the gauge greatly re
duces the unproductive weight ot the
trains; the rails, instead of being
crushed, ns they now are, beneath
heavy trains of wide gauge roads, are
merely worn out, and thus there is a
material saving in the wear and tear
and lessening of danger. The narrow
gauge locomotive would weigh only six
to eight tons, instead of fifteen to twen
ty tons; and the passenger cars, cairy»
ing twelve persons each, would weigh
only two or three tons instead of eight
tons. This email locomotive, with its
small train of care, would not of coarse
carry as many passengers as a train on
the wider road, but in tbe case of one-
you attempt the broad gauge you invite iron. Pray read the following most
a rival who will draw passengers and striking statement on this head* which
traffic away from the Northwestern. I extract from the very valuable work
Railroad or force you to carry at ruin-1 of Daddow & B-uinan, “ Coal, Iron
ous prices. If coal and iron ore, or
manufactured iron reaches Memphis
very cheap she becomes the iron mar
ket of the Middle Mississppi, and in
this respect a dangerous competitor
for St. Louis, which is now straining
every muscle todevelope her iron field;
if coal and iron reach Mobile very
cheap, iron will go coastwise to New
York and Philadelphia, menacing mast
seriously, the iron manufacturers iu
Pennsylvania and other Northern States
having an Atlantic market. But will
the narrow gauge answer for a great
through railroad line ? Why not ? I
am, we will suppose, at Mobile, a mer
chant from Memphis, having purchased
my merchandise in your city. I wish
to send it through to Memphis by the
shortest and cheapest railroad line.—
You oiler me the narrow gauge at one
half (or nearly that) the cost of trans
fer of the broad gauge. You offer me
a passenger car, roomy and airy, steady,
rapid and smooth in its motion, at half
the price of lare on the broad gauge.
Which will I ship ray merchandise by
and travel on ? But suppose that I
am from beyond Memphis, at which
point your Northwestern narrow gauge
ceases, and I must tranship to a broad
gauge railroad and thus waste time and
money? -Not at all. The narrow
gauge traffic and passenger cars can be
run, trucks and all, at once on to trucks
specially adapted for the broad gauge,
and thus transmitted over the broad
gauge lines without breaking bulk or
changing cars, just as the seciim boats
on she Juniata division of thePennsyl
vania Canal were placed on trucks
which received them at the water’s edge
and carried them by rail over ten planes
across the Alleghany mountains, at the
further side of which they again enter
ed the canal, were keyed together, and
went forward to their destination with
out breaking bulk; or a third rail can
be laid on broad gauge connection, as
it is often done on different gauges,
four fee; eight and a half inches, and
six feet in the North and West There
is no serious practical difficulty in work
ing a narrow gauge and a (wood gauge
as parts of a long through line. But
the main question now with Memphis
and Mobile, is to be united by the most
direct and the cheapest railroad line,
and for this it is impossible that the
wide can compete with the narrow
gauge. Let the two cities do in this
matter what they can now do well, and
without pecuniary embarrassment. If
a narrow gauge pays, as it most cer
tainly will, if well managed, how easy
to extend it beyond Memphis. Let us
get cheap travel and traffic.between
these important points first; the future
will take care of itself.
ly. She had planned it to go it alone,; the basis of the State. According to
so far as I was concerned, oo that' this principle he apportioned to every
picnic- excursion; bat when I heard: dtirenacertainpoetieoef lond r marked
about it, I determined to assist. She by fixed boundaries. Land-grabbing"
pretended she was very glad, but I speculations were prevented by law*
don’t believe she was. j which required? a» lands i»thecon»-
“ It will do. yon good to- get away | monwealth to revert to the heirs of the
from your work a day, poor fellow„ M original owners on the jubilee year.—
she said; “and we shall so much en-'The^occupation of theArmerwas heB
joy a cool morning ride on the care* in honor from being thus protected by
and dinner in the vyoOds.’- I the-fundamental law of the Stated-
On the morning of that day, Mariaq Nonewere so rich or noble as t»c5»dxtu'
Ann got up at 5 o’clock. About three. to put their haada to the plow.—r B
minutes later she disturbed my slumr j Kings 79: 19,- 2‘Ghront.26: 10. Va-
bere»and told me to* cometabreakfast, rious means were resorted to bv the*
I told ber I wasn’t hungry, but it didalt 'Hebrews- to incrense tho fertility of
make a bit of difference, I had to get their soil. The stones were gathered
up. The sun was up; I had no idea j and built iuto walls, wnter was brought '
that the sun. began, business so early in - in aqueducts from great distances, and?
the morning, but there he was. j many kinds of manure were used.—
“ Now," said Maria Ann, “ wemust j The hills were terraced to the very tops
fly around, for the cars start at half-' and planted with viueyards and gar-
past 6. Eat all the breakfast you.can r | dens. They cultivated wheat,. barley-,,
for you won’t get anything more be* j millet, beans,’and perhaps rice.—Isa.
fore rood." ( ; 28: 25. In agricultural implements
I qpuld not catanything at that time 1 the Hebrews were notssofarlteluiukthe
in the morning and it was well I could • present age as we are prone to think.,
not, for I had all I could do. There Isaiah lived 700 years before Christ,,
was the ice to be pounded to go around , yet in his day iron plows were in use,
the pail of ice-eream and the sand- j for he prophesied of the time when
wiches to be cut, and I thought I should j swords should be turned to plowshares
never get the legs of the chickens fixed! and spears to pruning hooks. This 1
so that I could get the cover on the big | passage shows, too, that they had in-
basket. Mana Ann flew around and j struments for pruning vines and trees!
and Oil,” page 642. (It is from a
paper by Bessemer, read to British
Association.) ^“It is supposed that
there is not one spot on any railway
in Europe where the amount of traffic
equals that at the Chalkfarm Bridge,
at Camden Town. At this spot there
is a n irrow thrOat in the line, from
which comreiges the whole system of
rails employed in the London termini
of this great railway (London and
Northwestern Railway). Here all
passengers, goods, and coal traffic have
to pass; here, afio, the making up of
trains, and shifting of carriages is con
tinually going oo. At this particular
spot two steel rails were fixed on May
2, 1862; on one ride of this line, and
two new iron rails were on the same
day placed precisely opposite to them,
so that no engine or carriage could
pass over the iron rails without pal
ing over the steel ones also. When the
iron rails became too much worn to- be
any longer safe for the passage of trains
they were turned the other way up
wards, and when the second side of
tbe iron rail, was worn as far as the
safety of the traffic would allow, the
worn out rail was replaced by a new
irou one—the same process being re
peated as often as was found necessary.
Thus we find, at the date of the lakt
report, March 1, 1865, that seven rails
•had been entirely worn out oo both
faces. Since then another rail has beea
worn out up to July!!” The endur
ance, under this severe test, of steel
rails over iron was as one to sixteen 1
This testimony is conclusive, and irre
futable. This crucial experiment is
cited by various writers, and is well
known. When finally the steel rails
were removed, they were found to be
worn down to a thin blade, but preserv
ing their form and tenacity uncrushed
to the last 1
The Pennsylvania Central Railroad
Company is substituting steel rails,
although the iron rails hitherto on their
line consisted of the very best irou in
the country, and very heavy—64
pounds to the yard.
It is sir, my clear and decided opin
ion, with entire respect for the ad o*
cotes of the bread gauge railroad,
that a single track, 'steel shod, nar
row gauge railroads from Mobile to
Memphis, with a-tliberal system of
branch road, will carry all the travel
and traffic between these two cities for
twenty years, and that it will pay
handsom interest on the investment
almost from it? opening, while its in
cidental benefits to these cities, and to
a broad belt along its line, will be very
great—greater, indeed, than I dare
color, and will keep good for a great
length of time.
The following rules, condensed from
an exchange, will probably be found
useful to persons wishing to have a
good article of cider:
Take ripe, sound apples picked from
the tree by hand, or picked up from
the ground as soon as shaken off the
tree. If bruised they should be crushed
iu the mill immediately. Put them in
a vat with a false bottom covered with
straw, and as the juice runs out pour it
back into the vat, until it runs clear
and free of impurities. About 12 to
15 hours after the apples have been
ground put the pumace, well enveloped
i i a nice strainer cloth, under a press,
with some clean straw intermixed in
layers with thepumaceandpressgently.
As the cider runs from the vat or press,
plaee- it nr a dean, sweet cask or open
tub, which should be closely watched,
and as soon as the little bubbles com
mence to rise at the bung-hole or top,
it should be racked off by a spigot or
faucet, placed about two inches from
the bottom, so that the Ices or sediment
may be left quietly behind.
The vinous fermentation will com
mence sooner or later, depending chiefly
upon the temperature of the apartment
where the cider is kept; in most cases,
during the first three or four days.—
If the fermentation begins early and
proceeds rapidly, the liquor must I •
racked or drawn off and put into fresh
casks, in one or two dayt; but if this
does not take place at an early period,
but proceeds slowly, three or four days
may elapse before it b ranked. Inr
general, it is necessary to rack the liq
uors at least twice. If, notwithstand
ing, the fermentation continues brisk
ly, the racking must be repeated,
otherwis the vinous fermentation, by
proceeding too far, may terminate in
acetous fermentation, when vinegar
will be the result In racking off the
liquor, it is necessary to keep it free
from sediment, and the scum or yeai t
produced by the fermentation. When
the fermentation is completely at an
nd, fill up the cask with cider in all
respects like that contained in it, and
bung it up tight, previous to which a
tumbler of sweet oil may be poured
into the bung-hole, which will exclude
the oxygen and prevent the oxydation
of tbe surface of the wine.
As good rider is in growing demand,
we earnestly request some of our exten
sive orchardists to try this method, for
we feel suie they will find it quite
profitable in the end.—Nashville Union
dr America.
piled up groceries for me to pack, giv- j The animals used in plowing were eat
ing directions to the girl about taking j tie and donkeys. Horses were not in.
care of the house, and putting on her j common use among the Hebrews. TA
dress all at once. There is a deal of
energy in thqt woman, perhaps a trifle
too much.
At twenty minutes past 61 stood on
the front steps with a basket on one
arm and Maria Ann’s waterproof on
the other, aud a pail in each hand, and
a bottle of vinegar in my coatskint
pocket. There was a camp chair hung
on me somewhere, too but I forget just
where.
“Now,” said Maria Ann, “wemust
run or we shall not catch the train.”
“ Maria Ann,” said I, “ that is a
reasonable idea. How do you suppose
I can run with all this freight ?”
“ You must, you brute. You al
ways try to tease me. If you do not
want a scene oo the streets you will
start, too.”
So I ran.
I had one comfort, at least Maria
Ann fell down and broke her parasol.
She called me a brute again because I
laughed. She drove me all the way
to the depot in a brisk trot, and we got
on the cars ; but neither of us could
get a seat, and I could not find a plhee-
where I could set the things down, so
I stood there and held them.
Maria,” I said in winning accents,
u how is this for a morning ride?
Said she, “ You are a brute, Jen?
kins. 1
Said I, “ My love, you have made
that observation before.
I kept my courage up, yet I knew
there would be au hour of wrath when
we got home. While we were getting
out of the cars the bottle in my pocket
got broke, aud consequently I had one
boot half full of viuegarallday. That
kept me pretty quiet, aud Maria Ann
ran off with a big-whiskered music
teacher, and lost her fan, and got her
feet wet, and tore her dress, and en
joyed herself much after the fashion of
picnipgoers. I thought it would never
original method of liarvcsting grain
was to pull up by the: oots, but sickles
were used amoug the Hebrews from
the time of Joshua. Harvest among
them was a time of sejjMttng, cheerful!
songs being heard ia. every, field.—
Threshing was effected! by Sails, the
feet of animals, or by drags or rollers..
Vineyards trad olive grave* were exten
sively and carefully cultivated. CbE»*
nary plants and fruit trees were among
the first objects of atteBtiaou Palestine
was said to flow with milk and honey..
Bees were highly esteemed. Their
hives were made of clay mixed with,
straw, but stores of honey were often
found in hollow trees and fissures of
the rocks.—Psalm 81: 16. One re
markable provision of the Mosaic law
in regard to agriculture was the Sab
batic year.—Lev. 25: 1—1. Every
seventh year was a year oft hof n>
much to the farmer os the farm; Noth
ing was sown aud nothing was reaped;
the vines were not pruned; there ivas
no gathering of fruit. The object of
this regulation seems to have been to
>reserve the w3d beasts, to let the
Ands recover strength, and to teach
the people ter- bo provident and l->ok
out for the future. But the year was-
not spent in idleness. The people could;
hunt, fish, look after their bees and’
flocks, repair their buildings and fur
niture; manufacture cloth or carry on.
commerce; and during this year the
whole Mosaic law was to be read, and
the people instructed in religious duty
aud the history of Godls dealings witti*
their nation.
DissiAtion.—The life of the gay
man is a system of self-indulgence, «>t'
self-gratification, and of self-worship.
The miser, in his despised and isolated*
sphere, has no power upon the luippi-
ness of society. The privationsJie im
poses extesd no farther thaa himself;
and if no other individual shures in.
come dinner time, and Maria called j what he ^5^ he b alone in tho pun .
Rescue Grass.—A correspondent
of tbe Farmer and Gardener writes as
follows, concerning the Rescue Grass:
Sow it as you would wheat in the
fall—it will do no good sowed in the
spring. Year before last I sowed on
the crab grass late in November among
the corn-stalks on very good land.
The grass was killed by frost and was
about six inches thick on the ground
after falling down. I sowed the Rescue
on it and in the winter and spring it
came up thick. I then pulled the
corn-stalks down and had a very fine
crop.' Cut it a little before ripe, ex
cept two-thirds of an acre left for seed
—thrashed 32 bushels seed out of it
I think it is, when cut in the dough
state, the best feed a horse can have.
Stock running in the lot where crab
grass and Rescue were stacked, eat the
ventnre to predict. But your very i Rsscu® grass down twice before eating
sanguine friends may insist that such a the crab grass.
me a pig because I wanted to opeu our
basket before the rest ®f the baskets
were opened.
At last dinner time came—the
“ nice dinner in the woods,” you know.
Over three thousand little red ants had
got into our dinner, and they were
worse to pick out than fish bones. Tho
ice cream had melted and there was no
vinegar for the cold meat except what
was in my boot, and of course that was
of no immediate use. The music
teacher spilled a cup of hot coffee on
Maria’s head, and pulled all the frizzles
out trying to wipe ofi the coffee with
his handkerchief. Then I sat on a
piece of raspberry pie, and spoiled my
white pants, and concluded I didn’t
want anything more. I bad to stand
up against a tree the rest of the after
noon. The day afforded considerable
variety, compared to every'day life,
but there were so many drawbacks that
we did not enjoy it so much as Lmight
have done.
uhment he inflicts. But tho dissipa
ted man has a wider influence, because
he is the hero of society in its worst-
state. He has, therefore, power to
disseminate evil in a degree propor
tionate to- hi» popularity; and in the*
same measure as he is capable of'in
flicting misery. He knows that he i<
the cause of floods of burning tears*
and while he weighs them against one*
intoxicating draught, it is self-love that
prompts him again to hold the spark
ling poison to his lips, ant) to let the
tears flow on.
Cow Milking.—At an interesting
discussion lately, in Illinois, on milking
cows, some favored the “.foreand aft”
and others the “diagonal” style. One
old patriarch believes that “ every man
should be left free to milk after the
dictates of his own conscience.”
There is bom within every man the
germ of both virtue and -vice. The
development of one or the other is'con
tingent upon circumstances.—Besets
Ballou.
Boys and Girls.—We ask boyw
and girls to prepare themselves for.
and look forward to, a life, not of lux
ury and idleness, but of indostiy and
usefulness. It is calamitous for girls
to look forward to a married life of
ease and luxury, the means of which
are to be provided by others without
effort on their part.'
We would have you look upon in
dustry as something honorable and to
be desired, and to look upon marriage
as the opportunity and incentive to
more effective labor, more vigorous
and earnest thought and higher spirit
ual and social enjoyment. —Woman's
Pacific Coast Journal.
Josh Billings lias issued a ipplement
to his famous essay on the mule. Here
it is in full: The mewl h a larger burd
than the guse turkey ;’ it has tu legs to
walk with and tu more to kick with, and
it wares its wings on the ride of its head.