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I'l' HLISIMKI) BT
KEAXU CHARLTON.
T\uvvhAft\’ Mrttmng.
THE FOUNT.
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DOMESTIC
address
lived (Quarters. Division oj tint South*
Moktpelier, May 31, 1821.
This day Officers and soldier®,
ifitises uiy military functions, and
consequently, dissolves the military
connection which has hitherto exis
4etl between'you and myself, as the
commander of the Southern Division
of Ihe army of the United States.-
Many of us have passed together
days of toll and nights of vigdence.
'logeth' r we have seen the termina
tion of one British, and of two Indi
an wars, in winch we have encoun
tered fatigues, privations, and dan
gers, attachments and friendships,
ginned by associations of this kind,
are the most durable, and jny feelings
will not permit me in retiring from
my military command, to take a si
lent leave ut my companions in arms.
Justice to you,and to my own feel
ings, requires that 1 should place be
fore our common country, the testi
tnony of my approbation of your mi
litary conduct, and the expression
ts my individual regard Under the
present organisation for the reduc
tion of the army, agreeably to the
a x of congress, many valuable offi
cers who have served with me, have
been suddenly deprived of the pro
fession which they had embraced,
and thrown upon the world ! But let
this be your consolation, that the
gratitude of your country still che
lishcs you, as her defenders ami de
liverers, while wisdom condemns the
hasty and ill-timed policy which has
» occasioned your disbandment, and
that too while security was yet to be
given to our extensive frontier by
the erections of the necessary forti
fications for its defence, greatly ex
tended as that frontier has been, by
the recent acquisition of the Flori
da#! But you fellow soldiers, have
that which cannot be taken from
you, the consciousness of having done
your duty, and with your brother of
ficers who are retained, of having
defended the American Eagle wher
ever it was endangered.
To you my brother officers, who
are retained in the service of your
country, permit me to recommend
the cultivation of that harmony and
friendship towards each other, which
will render you a band of brother*.
}i is your duty so to conduct your
selves on all occasions, as that your
enemies shall have no just cause for
censure, it ought to be borne in
mind that every captain should he
’ll his company as a father, and should
treat it as his family—as his children.
Continue then, as heretofore, when
finder my command, to watch over
it with a father’s tenderness & care;
treat them like children, admonish
them, and if unhappily admonition
will not have the desired effect, co
cruonmust. The want of discipline
and order, will inevitably produce a
of insubordination, as destruc
s*lo an qqpy as cowardice, and
will as certainly lead to disaster and
disgrace in the hour of battle ; this,
os you regard your military reputa
tion, and your country’s good, you
must prevent. Imploring from Hea
ven a blessing upon you all, 1 bid
you au affectionate adieu.
ANDREW JACKSON,
Jtlajor-General Commanding
the Division of the South.
Note—My official duties having
prevented the promulgation of this
order until this time, an opportunity
lias been afforded, of seeing the
General Order,' dated Head Quar
ters of the army of the United states,
Washington City, Jane Ist, 1821,’’
signed “ Jacob Brown.” Justice to
the officers of the Southern Division,
as well as to myself, compels me toi
offer some remaiks upon the follow
ing extiact from that order.
“ The prevalence of desertion has
been an evil ol serious magnitude,
and it does not appear to be justified
by a view ot the past condition of the.
military establishment. All research,
in tills field for its causes, has been
unsatisfactory ; the character of the
millitary profession is honorable, the
soldier is as well provided with com
forts as the citizen in common life,
and his occupation is neither more
offensive nor more laborious ; there
are restless, discontented spirits in
every sphere of life, which no indul -
gence nor kindness can bind to ala
bilityjbut these examples do not ex
ist in sufficient number to justify-the
range desertion has taken in the
army, the evil must be refered in a
degree loan undue severity, or to
the absence of system in the conduct
of officers towards their men. The
officers is the depository ot the rigid*
of the soldier and the obligation of
office, ns well as the laws ol honor &
humanity, claim a faithful execution
of the t.nst. When the Soldier cease#
to regard the officer as his protector
(he authority with which the law in
vest tne latter, loses its efficacy in his
estimation; the surest remedy for ihe
evil of desertion is contained inarigul
&. steady dicipliuc ; to be salutary it
must possess both these qualities ;
but no violation of law can be deem
ed essential to its enforcement. It#
effect upon the soldier becomes im
paired, the moment I he feels that
this system which governs him is
tinctualing in its coyrse, or that it
violates the principles upon which it
is founded. The certainty of laws
constitute their principle efficacy,
and however severe restrictions may
be, they are obeyed, so long as they
are dispensed by the hand of justice
and not oppression.”
This censure is too general tube
just. The time at which it is made,
and the. source whence it conies, have
astonished every generous soldier.
The part which attributes in a de
gree to an undue severity, or to the
absence of system in the conduct of
officers towards their men, the unex
emplod prevalence of desertion in our
army, so far as relates to the Division
of the South, I do unhesitatingly say
is not founded on fact. It is due to
candor, audio truth, to attribute this
evil to Its real cause; this will befounU
to exist in the want of adequate pun
ishment for the crime oideSeitibn;
that prescribed b) law, in a state of
peace, transcends the offence, ami no
other certain punishment is authoris
ed- While this is the case, desertion
will increase, let the conduct ol the
officers towards their men be ever so
lenient. It is a well known fact,
that move desertions have taken
place at recruiting rendezvous than
have occurred in the Regiments, and
at no recruiting reiulezvis in- the
Division ol the South, has there been
as far as I am informed, any punish
ment inflicted upon soldiers, except
ing by the civil aulliorily. It is well
known that in many instances the
soldier, has found it a source of spec
ulation to go from rendezvous to
rendezvous, receiving the bounty
and deseiting; in some instances tin#
has been practised from Boston to N.
Orleans. The punishment at present
inflicted for desertion, i# hard labor
with the b ill and chain, but this bears
more heavily upon the faithful soldier
who is compelled to guard the con
vict under a hot sun with all his .ic
coutreiaents on, than it docs upon
him whom it is intended to punish.
Everv deserter therelore but adds to
the duties, and increases the fatigues
ot the faithful and trusty soldier
And suppose the coavict will not la
bor, by what menus is he to be coerc
ed ? Stripes and lashes are pml.ant
ed—there are no dungeons ; guard
houses aro pleasant places for the
lazy worthless soidier who sleeps ami
snores, while the faithful centiuel is
at bis post guarding him on his night
ly watch. Is not this, with the gen
eral pardons so frequently* extended
by tbe orders of tbe President, cal
culated to cause the best soldiers who
are oppressed with double duty in
guarding the worst, to meditate de
■ section also ? The government must
annex an adequate and certain pun
i isluneut for the crime of desertion,
\ am| experience compels me to say ft,
. although at variance with the more
« refined and sensitive feelings of the
i day—must rcstorejcorporcal punish
. j merit in the regulations for the gov
-11 eminent ofjjic aripy, U fortperly
[ •
existed,and as it now fcjusUin the
Navy, or desertion and insubordina
tion will still increase. Itissaidto
be dishonorable ; why should it be
more so in the army than in the navy?
Is it more dishonorable to receive
twenty-live stripes and be ordered to
immediate duty, than to be manacled
with chains for months and years, an
object of disgust to every freeman,
who sees him, more properly an ap
pendage of ancient despotism, than
any thing belonging to .Republican
institutions! Let the deserter in
time of peace for the first offence re
ceive thirty nine stripes, lor the
second double that number, and tor
the thud offence let him feel the
highest penalty of tl will
venture to say that a few examp'es
will put an end to that extraordinary
frequency of desertion which at pi e
sent prevails, and the cause of which
has been so unjustly im'puted “ loan
undue severity or to the absence of
system in the conduct of officers to
wards their men.”
I sincerely regret the cause which
has given rise to these remarks, hut
the reputation of those officers in com
mon with whom I have encountered
so many toils and dangers is dear to
me, and 1 cannot remain silent wtien
I perceive an unjust attempt to tar
nish their well earned fame, let the
motives wluch dictated tne objection
able passage bo what they may.
These remarks iny brothei officers
How from a pure source of justice to
you. Popularity I have never sought.
I have pursued the course which 1
deem right, and have done justu e to
all according to my best judgement.
This I trust f,have rendered to you
allduring the time 1 had the honor
tocomnundyou! '4’liat happiness may
attorn! you uli and. that your country
may duly appreciate your worthies
her citizen soldier, shall be my last
and most sincere prayer
Signed, ANDREW JaCKSON
July 21, 1821,
~~ foruigitT’.
LATEST JTEfr»J
The following extracts from Loudon ]tapers to the
the lOl.i Juiy, received at .New-Vurk by the sjup
Mount Vcriiun, from Liverpool.
X J iiysiciaiis’liepo t.
)*>'<i Helen, May 6.
Report of appearances in dissec
tion of the body of Napoleon Buo
naparte. | ..
On a sup rficial view, the. body
appeared very fat (which state was
confirmed by the first incision down
its centre, where the tit was upwards
f one inch, and a lulf over the ab
domen On cultingjtiiougi) the car
tilhges of the ribs, and exposing the
cavity of the tmrax, i trifling adhe
sion of the left pleauta was found to
pleura custcils. A out three ounces
of redi-h fluid weri. contained in
the left cavity, and nearly eight
ounces in the right. The lungs were
quite sound. The pericardium was
natural, and contained about an
ounce of fluid. The, heart was of
the natural size, but thickly covered
witi.fat. The auricles and ventricles
exhibited u thing extraordinary, ex
cept that (he muscular parts appear
ed rather paler than natural.
Upon opening the abdomen, the
omentum was found remarkably fat,
and on exposing the stomach, that
viscus was found (V seat of exten
sive disease. Strong adhesion con
ne ted (he whole su .erior surface,
particularly about the pyloric extre
mity in the concave surface of the.
ler. lobe of the liver; and in sepa
rating these, an nicer, w hich pene
trated the coale of the stomach, was
discovered one inch from the do
lmas, sufficient (callow the passage
of the little finger. The internal
surface of the stomach, to neatly its
whole extent, was a muss o cancer
ous disease or schirruus portion ad
vancing to cancer; this was particu
larly noticed near Che pylorus. The
cardiac extremity, for a small space
near the termination of the oe.-opha
gus was the only part appearing in a
uuiitiiy stale. The stomach was
found nearly filled with a large quan
titv of fluid, resembling coffee
grounds.
The convex surface of the left
lobe of the liver adhered <o the dia
phragm* With the exception of the
adhe ions occasioned by the disease
in the stomach, no unhealthy appear
ance presented itself in the liver.
The remainder of the abdominal
vice, a were in a healthy state.
A slight peculiarity in the forma
tion of the left kidney was observ
ed.
(Signed)
THOMAS SHORT,
ARCHIBALD AR:\OTT,
CHARLES MITCHELL,
FRANCES BARTON,
MATTH. LIVINGSTON.
Extract of a private letter, dated St.
Helena, May 15.
« Bonaparte’s grave was about 14
fee-, deep, very wide at the top, but
the lower part chambered to receive
the coffin. One large stone covered
the whole of the chamber. The re
maining space was filled up with so
lid masonary, clamped with (Iron. —
Thus every precaution is taken to
prevent the refpoval gj Uody, and
f betieve it has been still as much by
the desire of the French commission*,
as from the wish of the government
of the Island. The spot had been
previously consecrated by his priest.
The body of Bonapadte is enclosed
in three coffins of mftoguny, lead,
and oak. His heart, which Bertram
and Montholon earnestly desired to
take with them to Europe, was re
stored to the coffin, butit remains in
a silver cup, filled with spirits. His
stomach,Kis Surgeon was anxious tu
preserve, but that isaiso restored, &
is in another silver cup.
“ Bertrand, Montholon, and the
rest of his household will return to
England in the Camel store ship,
which sails in about a fortnight.
“ Drawings have bees taken by
capt. VLrryatt, of the spot where
Bonaparte lies.bnried, and also of (lie
procession to his funeral*”
Extract of a private letter, dated 3t.
Helena, May 15
“As every tiling relating to so
great a maw as Bonaparte mus- be ot
extreme interest, I should tell you
that alter having attended h's funeral
I paid a visit to iiis residence. I was
shewn his warobe by M n chand, his
valet, and a more shabby set out 1
never beheld. Old coats, hats a«d
pantaloons, that a midshipman on
shore would hardly condescend to
wear. But Marchand said it vvas
quite an undertaking to make him
put on any thing new, and then after
wearing it an hour,.lie would throw
it off, ami put on the old again.
“ The last words Bonaparte ut
tered were “ What
t eir connexion was in his mind can*
not be ascertained; but they were
distinctly heard abi*u five o’clock on
the morning of (he day he died.”
Ex trace of a letter dated St. Helena ,
M'iy 7.
“The body ot Bonaparte, after Ids
death, vv.as dressed in Ids green uni
form, with red facings, and afl his
stars and ordeijs,
“ Vn immense number of persons,
both yesterday and this morning,
have been to see him it was one of
the most striking spectacles at which
I had ever the fortune to be present.
The view of his .countenance, from
which I felt it scarcely possible, even
for aninstant to withdraw my eyes,
gave me a sensation I cannot des
ciibe; but the impression .it made on
me will never be forgotten
wHe hud for some time past. fixed
on a particular spot, which is also, 1
understand, mentioned in his will, a.
• short distance from Longwuod, for
ids burial place in the event of being
detendned that his remains should
be deposited at St, Helena.
“Bonaparte, was perfectly aware
of the nature of his complaint, and ,
frequently described it to those about
him, but was never able to convince
his surgeons that he had a just notion
of it. Xu the early stage of the dis
ease, which is a long time ago, lie
commenced a statement of it, with
Ids d i fie re nt sensations at different
periods, and continued it up to with
in ale w days of death. It is intend
ed for his son.
“It is a singular coincidence (hat
the Waterloo, E J. Man, laden with
necessaries for his establishment at
Longvvood, arrivechitilv two davsbe
tore Ins death, just in time tu witness
his final setting.”
The Bosario, which left St. Helena
on the X6ih of May, has arrived at
Portsmouth,bringingduplicates of the
dispatches by the Heron, also Bona
parte's Will, and many other papers
belonging to him, the contents of
which were kept a profound secret at
St Helena.
From the London Courier , June 26.
The following letter from Smyrna,
has been received this morning bv
• • •
an eminent commercial house in this
city. Its contents will tend to allay
the anxious fears of the friends of
those of our country men who are now
in that ci/y ;
“ Smyrna, M>y 17, 1821.
“ My lust would apprise you of
the disturbed stnte of pu die feeling
iu this country, arising out of the a
boi live efforts of Yprilanti and his
followers in Europe. X mentioned
that many, indeed, 1 might have said,
daily r alarms were excited by the
well-founded terrors of the guilty,
communicated to the whole popula
tion, Turks us well as Christians.—•
The moderation ot these people, how
ever, and the vigilance and prudence
of the governor, supported our hopes
and had nearly dispelled our fears,
when information of the rebel fleet
having approached the coast and in
tercepted several vessels, re-awak
ened all apprehension. Business be
came at once suspended, and all was
dismay and fearful foreboding—day
after day increased our anxiety tor
the appearance of a ship of war from
Malta, in compliance with th'tf Con
sul’s and Factory’s urgent applica
tion. Notwithstanding all this, how
ever, life and property remained safe,
until the arrival of a division of sav
age and disorderly troops for the
Morea, in different detachments,
which were embarked at a distance
from the city; but as daily accounts
were received of the dispositions and
progress of the vessels outside, an
embargo was tonsiuefed ncctss&ry
, for the purpose of withholding such
supplies as might be affoided by the
provisions carried from this place.
The troops also were detained,
and their supplies failing, boat, load
after boat load of them arrived from
the lower Castle ; and the streets
i quickly became filled with worthless,
ferocious strangers, to whom every
tiling was new ; hungry savages, wlio
knowing no distinction but .Mussul
man and tnfidel, confound all Christ
, ians with Greeks ; and, on fanatical
grounds alone, would involve all in a
common ruin. Their insolence ami
the nature of their feelings becoming
every hour inure apparent, a meeting
of the Consuls was again held, from
which proceeded a remonstrance to
the local authorities, who were row
become alarming inefficient, and sen*
sible of their weakness, had called
in the aid of a powerful Pacha, in
the neighbourhood. In this t-taie of
things, the Race-ho.se brig of war or
■ lived from iSiaita, a vessel of too in
significant force to make any im
press! n ; indeed she had sailed pre
viouvly to the arrival of Mr Weny’s
'etter. Assassination now began ;
three Austrian subjects were shot
n a fishing boat; every morning wer
reports of three or four more Greeks
iDisSai red in the roads to the d fie rent
villages ai length, three days ago the
factories were assembled, and every
thing seemed iapidly hastening to a
dreadful crisis. Precautions wore
taken against fire by building up
windows, &c. All the English and
oth rs families flocked in from the
villages—and many families having
gone on board the different vessels in
the bay, I hastened on board of* one,
and having secured a place for my
family, 1 had them * onveyed on
board in the evening, with the ser
vants, who, poor devils, being Greeks,
have every tiling to dread.
On Ike day following, to our inex
pressible satisfaction, an English
man of war was seen under a press
of sail, approaching the Castle. Her
appearance was the cause of univer
sal jay and gladness; the very
French cried out, ‘we are saved !’
and we hailed them as our deliverers
when she anchored amongst us in
the afternoon. It now appeared, that
in passing the Castle, she was fired
at from upwards of a hundred mus
kets, a ball from one of which passed
through a midshipman’s hat. Hiu»p
ily, however, fur us, capt. Boswell s
good sense overcame his resentment;
and although he beat to quarters, he
reserved his fire. A remonstrance
on this account was immediately
made to the governor, who waited on
our intrepid and venerable consul,
at ten o’clock at night, to express Ins
sorrow, and to promise satisfaction.
In addition to lids ship (the Spey, of
20 guns) four others are daily looked
for, the Cambrian, a large frigate, and
the admiral, I trust also, in the
Kochftfort, 84 The effect already
has been astonishing ; to day we
have heard of no murders, and I have
re-landed my family, depending up
on my friends in the Spey to look
out for us m case of need. A public
crier has gone about, desiring the
shops to be opened, and the vaga
bonds have been directed to repair to
the Castle and to their ships, from
whence they will not, I b ust, return.
My intention at the commencement I
of this sheet was to be brief ; tny anx
iety, however, to calm the apprehen
sions which may be excited on our
account by the tidings which would
otherwise reach our friends, h*s led
me to be more circumstantial) hurri
ed though I am.”
The following is also an extract of
a letter from the Agent to Lloyd’s at
Smyrna,dated May 17 :
“ We wrote to you on the 3d inst.
a few clays after which a general em
bargo was laid by (he local authorities
on all merchants vessels in this port,
in consequence of the appearance at
the entrance of our gulf and before
Scio, of a great number of armed
Gre< k vessels helongin to tr.e islands
in the Archipelago, that have revolt
ed against the Tu; ks.
“ They have no< attempted to en
ter into this bay,neither do we think
that they will hazard it. The Ca»tie
at the entrance has been put in the
best state of defence. Several Turk
ish vessels have, however, been capt
ured ; and all the Turks found on
board massacred, which has irritated
amazingly the Turks here.
“No molestation or insult what
ever has been offered by the Greeks
to vessels under the European flag ;
and we have not heard of any pirates
being in these seas. Good protec
tion has been afforded to British sub*
jects and property, by the presence
of his Majesty’s ships Spey and Race
horse, which arrived a few days
since from Malta, and a greater naval
force is expected from thence. To
day, more tranquility has reigned in
the town; and we believe the embar
go will be taken off in a day or two.”
AFRICA.
From the Sierra Leone Gazette o f June 9.
Freetown, June 9.
We have experienced some heavy
tornadoes in the course, of the last
ten days. The. ship Union, loaded
with tlmliwC, had her masts struck
h
with lightning at her ,
Bunce island, ami received rJ i
mble d.uiiage: she, is now i n l ' e ’
town harbor, getting the damans re*
datMlie STnfS »” “ f
rand, MtUlictiim, «“*
Prime Minister of the IV Ii ‘®
Moors, had arrived at BathurstT*
with tin* mere limit, „ le
Gum Arabic at Portendic AL * n f
iiiresteil .he gleams, aniittv ,
tiiUhsU this traile with tile 'Kimlii
on the fl .nest hurls. Cp»a„iVrf
wonlv tens „f gem hal.r'rive,!
the *• Young treilenct” vu ta ‘
Up for another trip.
A a.ight shock of an earthq Ua u
was lilt .tst. vimj’s on the |;o
ultimo, annul hall past ten o’cl«a
i , 5 tlle '|‘r*rinonjeter was then
.. f egrets, it is very remaAab| 6
that a similar shuck was pJLi,,
b'lt throughout ting colony « n
same day, ami about the game hour.
' P»|'iuguese brigantine Cm,.
staule, taken iu Old Calabar ri V£r
by ilm bo,.ts if H. M. ships Tartar*
and 1 bis tie, was, on Tuesday lasi
condemned us lawful p.i Ze ' tu
British and Portuguese Crowns,and
the slaves on board her wete *uui, c .
pated.
Dreadful Occurrente.-h further
accumulation ot the horrors incident
to the slave trade, we have to notice I
the fate of the Spanish slaving stlir. I
Carlota, which sunk a few 'Aayssioce I
off the Oal.linaa, with a full compli- I
ment ».f slaves on board. I
I his vessel was one of several I
brought in here collectively, st.rne- I
what above 12 months since by H. I
M. ship Myrmidon, Captain hetke," I
and 11 M. ship Morgiana, < aptaia I
Sandilands*. The Carloia v.a> in I
some ambiguous situation, as a Kind I
of prize to a kind of cruizer, carry-1
ing Arfigas colors. After some in. I
vestigation, both were allowed to I
sail hence ; and the (Jariota.it ap-l
pears, returned to the Havana, to®
refit for another slaving voyage, on®
which she was permitted to proceed,®
notwithstanding the expiration of the®
time limited by trea’y for the total®
abolition on the part of Spain,on the.®
ground that the preceding voyage®
had beren rendeied abortive, ®
T he Carlota sailed from the llava-®|
na, and was, found at the bail mas,®
by Sir George Co.her, in his voyage®
down the coast.. The cargo oithe^B
arlota was on shore, vviftlf every ap
pearance that it was in ttie course o
barter tor slaves. The Coininwkri
look her down as far as Cape Coast
and alter authenticating her paper
to shew the illegality of her voyage
allowed her to depart. tSliereturn
ed, it appears, to the Gallinas, an(
there took in two hundred ami lift
slaves, with whom she -.ailed Iron
the coast; but, dreadful to re .ate
before she had proceeded far, sh
was taken unprepared by a tornado
overset a..d sunk, and all on boar
perished with the exception of 12
The intelligence of this horrid ever
has been brought to ice o l«ny b
three Spanish sailors belonging t
the vessel, who arrived a 'ew daj
since in aver y small boat in a wietcl
ediy exhausted com itiou- Jw
were immediately placed in die m
lirary hospital, where, notvviili.-tan<
ing the greatest attention and hi 1
est treatment, one ot them “ as s *| l !
tiied ; the other two continue still
l .1.
a very weak state I
Freetown, Jjpril ?lst,
Oh Wednesday morni g iaSI -1
bad tlie gia r dilation to see y, r ',J
Beirne arrive sale. &inttO u “‘
from b.s expedition to fee""* 1
appearance in bis travelling C’ yj
w .sßomtwlial grotesque. > ‘ I
consisted ol jacket and 10
blue bast, with a check
the collar; a_ abort sword v. ■
round bis aist, ami shoes. J
by travelling in ti.at JIJ
mi tied more than one ... .ujl
of air to cool bis leej.
sinking part was a bo, J
plaited together wi.h « ■
bres of that plant; an « ■ M
high crown, was d ea,l “ ' (O |J
loop and button ot u-atUei,, JB
the broad brim could be *[
occasionally, or the w aC B
be made fast under the c
ing to the exigencies « ■
weather. A line grow t> " .■
eJ beard and whiskers ‘ B
finish our brie.t ouiline.
however, that some o - r ; H
lie’s friends who are k .ovvu «
scss eminent talents
have taken care to prt
rect drawing, as one *
meat* of giving a *
so seldom seen, as du H
pcan traveller s his* ‘P* etf j«B
his return to a Kur | >pL " llie *iß
after
interior of Africa-
Mr O’Be.rne vva L ,. “B
from Port Logo by ■ iU . f -lB
taut of bis ni..je»rys r _ ? MS
liegt.ncnt, who ,‘f^rß
to meet bun on bem ?
to Port Logo; Mr. L v tS
stand, has offerer j’-,, v<«
journey to feeg° d .
way of Port Logo and* ■