Newspaper Page Text
TWc^smtqcr.
AftHICUL'I’IKATi.
Extract of a letter on drafting, pub
lished in the American Farmer.
Dear Sir —l made some experiment
the preceding year, on summer graft
ig useful and new to me, at least. At
that time L had never read, or heard
of this operation being performed in
the summer, except with twigs cut the
preceding winter. About the first of
July, when the growth of some trees
had become stationary, I cut a twig of
the pear tree, and inserted it on a nur
sery stock, which readily grew olf. I
next tried almost every variety of or
chard fruits, which succeeded perfect
ly well. 1 was induced to make this
experiment from the rationality of the
theory,it having occurred, upon the
slightest reflection, that failures in
spring grafting might originate from
the dissipation of moisture, by the dry
ing winds peculiar to that season, be
fore sap of she stock acquires sufficient
motion to furnish the graft with due
nourishment ; but from the rapid mo
tion of the sap in some stocks, with the
general moisture of the air during mid
summer, the operation would seldom
fail? and the result fully proved this
conclusion well founded. It next oc
curred to me that the walnut iig, and
persimmon, which will not succeed in
the spring except by mere chance,
might now answer on the same prin
ciple of reasoning ; I accordingly
made the experiment and it succeed
ed.
To make the success of summer
grafting certain, take the twigs to he
inserted, from a tree in which the sap
is, as near as possible, stationary ; and
select a stock, in which the sap has the
greatest possible motion. July is the
proper time for summer grafting, and
indeed the most suitable month of the
twelve for that operation. However,
the operation may be performed with
tolerable success, during the remain
der of the summer and fall months.
EBKN LANDRUM.
An Egyptian. — Fhe Norfolk
Deacon of the 29th December says
—“Among the passengers in the
steam boat Richmond, arrived last
night, is a distinguished female per
-.nonage, who is making a ,our thro’
this country. She is a native of
Upper Egypt, and is believed to
be of one of the first families in that
part of the world. Her name we
have not learnt, as she does not
speak the English language —a cir
cumstance much lobe regretted, as
we understand she came by way
of Smyrna, in Greece, and might
if understood furnish some inter
esting matter from that quarter. —
Another source of regret is, that
the literature and science of our
country have not yet been able to
translate the testimonials of birth
and standing which accompany
this distinguished foreigner.”—
We hope this “ distinguished j'e
wale traveller ’ may not prove a
consin german to the renowned
Princess of Javasu, jhiss Carabao—
whose wonderful vocabulary’ and
singular form oi worship astonish
ed the vulgar, and whose hierogly
phics puzzled the literati of Lon
don some seven years since.
~ JN. V. Patriot.
Pittsburg. —This place is a port of |
entry, and ship building has been car-:
ried on with some spirit—even here, |
at the source of the Ohio. A curious
incident, connected with this subject,
was mentioned by Mr. C'lay on the
floor of Congress. To illustrate the
commercial habit* of the American
people, (he said) he would relate an
anecdote of a vessel, built and clear
ed out at Pittsburgh for Leghorn.—
When she arrived at her place of des
tination, the master presented his pa
pers to the proper officer, who would
not credit them, and said to him, ‘ Sir
your papers are forged : there is no
such place as Pittsburg in the world!
Your vessel must he confiscated !’—
The trembling-captain laid before the
officer the map of the United States—
directing him to the Gulf of Mexico—
pointed out the mouth of the Mississip
pi—led him a thousand miles up to
the mouth of the Ohio, and thence ano
ther thousand up to Pittsburg. ‘There
Sir, is the port where my vessel clear
ed out 1 ’ I’he astonished officer, be
fore he had seen the map, would as
readily have believed his vessel bail
been navigated from the moon.”
Pecking Stone— ln Roxbury,Mas
sachusetts there is a moveable rock,
estimated to weigh upwards of for
ty six tons, so nicely poised that a
child six years of age can easily
move it with one hand, and any
adult person, wi h a single finger.
It is very irregular, hut resembles
an egg in its general outline, and
rests on two points, on a large rock,
whose rounded top rises eight to
sixteen feet from the earth. With
a little exertion, it may be made to
rock a foot or more, and while in
motion, it has a terrifying appear
ance to the bystander, seeiningrea
dv to fall and crush him to atoms.
This rock is described in a late
number of Silliman’s Journal of
Science.
jFernan Kntrilffltncr,
London dates of the 14th Jan. recei
ved at Philadelphia, state that infor
mation had been that day received
from Greece, which was considered
decisive of the, fate of that valuable
portion of the globe. The Greeks ha\ c
been very successful. In the late ac
tion of the fleets the Turks suffered
the loss of JU ships sunk 12 burned
and 8 captured.—shortly after, of the
Algerine fleet 5 vessels were sunk and
o .
two captured.—A number of prisoners
were taken at Missolonghi. Coron and
Motion had surrendered.
The London times mentions that
accounts had been received of the
embarkation of 1800 men at Brest
—IOOO for Martinique and 800 for
Guadaloupe. The French admi
ral recently returned from the
West India station reports that
complete anarchy reigns in all the
South American States, but that
among all the partizans none advo
cated the sovereignty of Ferdinand
or submission to Spain. This opin
ion together with the speech of Mr.
Monroe, is said to have greatly
cooled the ardor of the party in the
French cabinet disposed to assist
Spain in regard to her colonies.
The Journal of Commerce con
tains an extract from the London
Courier of the last date, (12th
January,) which states that an ex
pedition of 26 vessels of war was
fitting out at Brest, of which 8 were
ships of the line, 5 large frigates of
anew model carrying 58 guns each
4 frigates of the ordinary class, 4
brigs, and 5 corvettes; that the ut
most activity prevailed in the Dock
Yards, the workmen being kept
employed even on Sunday—the
destination of this fleet is supposed
to be Spanish America.
The Paris paper of the 16th
makes no comment upon the above
article.
A Paris paper gives the follow
ing account from a person worthy
of confidence.
The notary of a little town in the
neighbourhood of the capital, a ve
rv respectable man, received one
of his friends at his house, at a so
cial partv, at which a little play
was introduced. The guest in ta
king out his purse unguardedly
showed that it contained a large
sum in gold. At ten o’clock the
party dispersed, and he set out for
home alone, through a small, but
thick and shady grove, in the midst
of which he was suddenly met by
a man, who put his pistol to his
breast, and demanded his money.
What was his surprise to recognize
in the ruffian a young man who
had been of the party, and the son
of his friend ! Without saying a
word he gave up his watch and
purse ; and pretending to fly to
wards home, soon changed his
course, and by a different path re
turned to the house which he had
just left, and made known ail the
particulars to his friend, telling
him that the robber was none other
than his son. Ihe astonished fa
ther immediately went to his son’s
apartment, where he found him
asleep, or pretending to sleep ; but
observing a purse and a watch ly
ing on the table which he recogni
sed as the lost property, he took a
loaded pistol anh standing by the
bed side, shot his son through the
head, and killed him on the spot.
The father has been arrested, and is
now in prison for this shocking
crime.— N. T. 1). Advertiser.
Petris fan. 16. Intelligence
was received yesterday, of the death
of Victor Emanuel, Ring of Sardin
ia ; and that the Pope was on the
recovery.
Constantinople, Dec. 10—The Re
is Effendi, since the icturn of the
fleet, has had conferences with
Lord Strangford, and it is believed
that the Porte begins to take his
advice relative to the affairs of the
insurrection. The expedition sent
from Malta to Tunis to reclaim the
Greeks captured by a llarbary cor
sair, has created great sensation
here.
I.ate accounts from St. Domingo
state that in consequence of intelli
gence having been received there
that a French fleet was fitting out
at Brest, every man who was liable
to bear arms was compelled to do
military duty ; it being believed
that an attempt would be made
upon that Island.
Pirates. —Captain Grover of the
brig Mazinghi,from Port au-Prince
confirms the capture of 23 pirates
by a llaytian vessel and states that
they had all been shot.
Wednesday, March 24.
We this week present our patrons with the
first number of the second volume of the Mes
senger.—We cannot omit this opportunity ol
expressing our gmtitu.le for their support (lie
past year, and the hope for such a continuance
of it as we merit by the fidelity with which
we discharge tile trust reposed in its. Loca
ted in anew country, with many obstacles in
the waj of circulating papers, and the previ
ous distribution of numerous journals ol estab
lished reputation, we could not, at once, ex
pect an extensive patronage ; but thus far it
lias exceeded our anticipation.
In pursuing the course laid down by us at
the establishment of the Messenger, we may
have incurred the imputation of political
lukewarmness. We can, however, sit down
under the charge, and rejoice that it has been
the means of preventing us from adding to par
ty feuds and prejudices—that w hile it has sav
ed us the unpleasant recollection of having
given vent to personal invective and party
misrepresentation, we have been enabled
faithfully to fulfil our engagement as to a
Newspaper.
W e hold it to be our privilege anil our duty
to advocate or oppose measures, whenever
they come within the limits of newspaper
discussion : but we have not, nor do we intend
to advocate any man or set of men—much less
heap calumny and abuse fora mere dissimilar
ity of internal political opinions. We know
that to take a decided stand, amt advocate ev
ery measure of a particular party, has long
been the sure road to popularity; but we
choose rattier to run the risk of remaining in
obscurity by trying 1 lie experiment of a dif
ferent course. For, believing as we dc, that
party spirit has already run too high for ttie
good of the country, we feel it our duty in
common with others to make some sacrifice
towards allaying it, and hope our course may
not be as unprofitable as unpopular.
A society has been formed at Athens
(Alabama,) for the suppression of elec
tioneering,&iu\ the members bind them
selves by their individual signatures
to an obligation not to vote for, or sup
port any candidate for public ollice
who may use fraudulent or unjust
means, by treating or by deception, by
himself or his friends, to obtain suf
frages.
this we think, is as it should he ;
and we wish such a spirit existed in our
own state. The present mode of elec
tioneering is an evil which ought to be
remedied, and we know of no better
way to do it than the one proposed
above. We say it isan evil, and who
ever considers the subject, will find it
to be a most alarming one—and a
greater never disgraced the suffrages
of a free people. Mho would wish to
have this truth told abroad?—that our
elections are swayed by treating and
base intrigue. Such is the extent of
this practice, that we believe the best
man in society could hardly obtain an
office in preference to the worst, if he
did not follow the present system of
corruption. Look at the course now
pursued by candidates !—They ride
to every company muster, or Justices’
court in the county to which they be
long, and treat all present as long as
they will drink—and any man who
feels himself above such despicable re
sorts, cannot expect an office—others
who may be worthy, but too poor to
bear the expense of electioneering,may
he excluded from office on that ac
count, and a successful candidate may
even be subjected to pay for his office
almost as much as it is worth. The
demoralizing effect of this course is i
also to be considered : Many there I
are who leave their business to attend
for no other purpose than to drink
their fill, free of expense: this lavs
the foundation for numerous broils,
—black eyes, and broken heads follow
of course, if nothing worse.
Have we not enlightened men enough
in society to put down the practice ?
We should be sorry if we thought
there were not. Let them unite to
discountenance it by their example,
and we may yet redeem ourselves from
this disgraceful practice, and our can
didates depend on the merits of their
talents ami character, rather than on
the quantity of whiskey drank at their i
expense. <
Respite.*— John bruUkiiu Il.ut, Wno
was sentenced to be hanged on the
12th inst. for the murder ol a slave,.ms
been respited by Gov. 1 roup until (he
nextsession of the Legislature.
The following extracts from the
Charge of Judge Dooly <>l the North
ern Circuit to the Grand Jury we deem
worthy the perusal of every reader
who feels hitnselt interested in the cor
rect and impartial administration ol
justice in our state. I lie subject of a
Supreme Court of Errors, is one ol the
first importance, and we can hardly
conceive how it lias so long been omit
ted in our judicial system ; while we
have had before us the precedent of its
adoption by every other State in the
Union, llis reasoning we deem suffi
cient to convince the candid reader. —
It will therefore be unnecessary for us
to give it our feeble support any fur
ther than to lay it before an enlight
ened public :
Consistency of decision, a uniform
administration of law,can be nowhere
or nohow, sc well secured, as by the
organization of some higher tribunal
for the correction of errors. Shall we
say that we will not be served by the
best talents of the country, because
we will not trust them; or shall we
say that we will not tempt them into
our service by a suitable remuneration
—An affirmative answer to either ol
these questions would involve the ab
surd declaration that the greatest ot
all political blessings, the due admin
istration of Justice, is not worth the
price to which it would subject us.—
We have been told, and with much
trutii too, that “ law is a science, the
right understanding of which requires
general knowledge, much study and
close reflection —Without these it ne
ver can be known,and to know it in
timately requires the labors of half a
life.” If this be the character of the
science which the judge must qualify
himself to administer,can it be expect
ed that many will be found pursuing
the road which leads to the high dis
tinction, unless their reward be cer
tain, adequate and permanent. It is
not my purpose however to utter any
individual complaint, either against
the tenure of the office or the salary
which is provided. The first question
at least may be submitted to any un
biassed tribunal, w ithout fears of a dif
ferent decision.
I shall next proceed to offer some
reasons, to my mind conclusive, why
the want of a head to our judicial in
stitutions, is a defect which requires
to be remedied—“ The administration
of justice, being that part of govern
ment, which most nearly and most
frequently affects us, the courts to
which it is committed, ought to be so
constituted, as, in the highest degree,
to deserve our confidence. That this
may be attained, their decisions must
be impartial, uniform and according
to Jaw.” If this doctrine be admitted
as orthodox, (and 1 shall so consider
it,) then I ask this Grand Jury to exa
mine, ami then answer, whether any
tribunal of ours, is so constituted, as
“ in the highest decree to deserve our
confidence.” lam satisfied that you
are ready to waive further examina
tion, and pronounce at once from j our
own experience, upon the obvious and
palpable defect which our system ex
hibits. Under such a system, the
country may look, but must ever look
in vain, for uniformity of decision.—
Hut perhaps the above language of
Judge Addison of Pennsylvania, with
out support, may not be sufficient to
satisfy you, that, in the administra-
tion of justice, uniformity is at ail es
sential. It gives me satisfaction to
array before you, an auxiliary force,
furnished by the Judiciary Committee
of the United States. Their report
at the close of the last session of Con
gress speaks thus :—“ Nor are there
wanting obvious reasons of interest
and policy, operating equally upon
the government and the people, in all
parts of the union, in favour of placing
the Courts of the United States,u here
everthey exist, on the most rcspecta
tde footing, and of giving them the
form and liabilities which may in each
case enable them best to answer the
important objects of their original in
stitution. In the final decision of ju
dicial questions, a small number of
Judges qualified for their stations, as
those ol the l nited States, will, we
may hope always be, are likely to pro
secute their legal inquiries more tho
roughly—come to more correct con
clusions, and act with greater impar
tiality, uniformity and despatch, than
a numerous and consequently discord
ant body, can be presumed always to
do. It is conceded that this report
was not acted on. It is nevertheless
of high and imposing authority, fraught
as it is, with reason, experience and
philosophy. II a reason he required
to support the assertion, “ that inte
rest as well as policy, operating equal
ly u |>'n the government and the peo
ple, requite that the institutions for
administering the laws, should lie [.la
ced upon the most respectable footing,
there is one at hand emanating from
Mr.ErttLin. jo his <lrf,„ cc ul
U,at r e.t jurists,.:
the spirit and manner of )
and well becoming the
advocates of our own times V 4
own country. He tells us - tn °T
choicest fruit that grows on t , •
of liberty, is security under
The return the people look f?
hands ol the government for tin *
thens and restrictions they b Pilr | % ‘
and easy as they are in this C0 ‘J" 1
is security under the law ; or ij*/
words an impartial administ,,. ■
justice. To the attainment ofr
end, it is necessary that the d t ;
ot the courts be uniform and a ‘
ing to law. it is essential int!?’
ministration of government, th-i :
be justly and skillfully explained?
dared, and applied. It is
necessaiy that care be taken tof?’
a good judiciary as a most in,;??!
branch in the administration. j j;iw ‘
all cultivated and economicalnatio?
becomes in progress of time, a ! ’
ence, of deep and complex learnm?
and it is necessary to make it a $ e ?
| rate profession, ami to commitil 8 j?
terpretation to a separate body of-?
whom study, experience, and
tion. have qualified for the import?
iduty. Hence in all countries v,!?.
> a prudent provision has been madeio r
! the administration of justice, a
j ciary or select and permanent {?
| of men, for interpreting ami declarer
the laws, has been established, p
I leave this important trust to any ch .
| ging or casual body, would hernia,?
to the liberty’ and safety of the chi
zens. Rules, maxims, and principle,
established to-day, would be contra
dieted and overturned
i One decision would be no precedence
for another; nor would the next coart
feel themselves under any obligation
to conform to tiie judgment of thefor
nier. Law would be vague and un
certain, depending merely uponthe
variable feelings and sentiments of a
court, never uniform, but always
changing. There would be no certain
rule of conduct, demeanor or posses
sion. Life and property would be
precarious. No man would know
when he was safe—“he may be hand
ed to day, for that for which lie was
praised yesterday, ami the sword of
Damocles, suspended by a single lair,
would hang over the head of evervcit
zen.” This is also the language of
judge Addison; the visionary and scep
tical may attempt to evade its force,
but communities who reject it, will be
taught by disastrous experience to ac
knowledge its truth. There is anoth
er authority worthy of universal ac
ceptation, because of the excellence
of its source, and its perfect adapia
tion to the affairs of men. It is era
tained in a treatise on Moral and Ps
litical Law, by Mr. Paley. He holds
this language. “ The quiet ol tie
country, as well as the confidence aaJ
satisfaction of each man’s mind, re
quires uniformity injudicial proceed
ings.—Where justice is rendered to
the parties, only one half of the busi
ness of a court of justice is done —cue
J -
more important part of its othcere
main?, to put an mill for the future to
every fear, and quarrel and expence
upon the same point and so to regulate
its proceedings, that not only a doubt
once determined may be stirred an
more, but that the whole train of la*
suits which issue from one uncertain
may die with the parent question-
Uniformity is of more importance
than equity, in proportion as igentry
uncertainty would he a greater e' i:
than a particular injustice.” It woulo
seem to me that those authorities
sufficient to satisfy the requiremen'’
of the most rigid opposer. If there
any however, yet doubting, the vital
importance of uniformity of dccis'i' 111
or an equal administration ofjusti ‘
to such I would use the sentiment 0
Sir Wm. Jones, and say “ that in pf* c ‘
tice, the law employs two ot the ®t<’
tal faculties—reason the investigate
of points entirely new, and memory l '*
transmitting the reason of sage at”
learned men, to which our own o”? 1
invariably to yield if not from bccom
ing modesty, at least from a just at
tention to that object for which ‘
laws are formed and all societiese-t ‘
lished the good of mankind.” I ‘ voU
say to them in the profound and
dite language of Dr. Johnson, “ “ ia ‘
the advantage which humanity det u ’
from law is, thot the law gives ‘w
man a rule of action, ami pi escribe*”
mode of conduct which shall ci’
him to the support and protects-”
society. That the law, to ben i ||! _
of action, must be known —fhatit" 1 ’
be parmanent and stable —that I""'',
the measure of civil riglit, hut that >
the measure be changeable, the
measured, never can be settled- 1
leave law, to be modified at discri't' 0
is to leave the community witlm !
rule. It is to withdraw the | ,r,l | ' ( \
tion of that public wisdom, by" 1 ’
the deficiencies of private under^
ings are to be supplied. It i- st ° .
fer the i ash ami the ignorant to .a 1 ’
discretion, and then to depend I* l ’
legality of that act upon the set.e
of the Judge.”