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tdiiic impartial ami specific inten-would even then be wholly incompe- rics, which we have suffered from the paper widen has co>..e ,.nc*er nu in-
lu.ns of our administration, and a re- tent to that object. It the U. States injustice and rapacity ot G. Britain ? specnon. It is so cautiously expres-
were to invest 100,000,(XX) dollars Certainly not. But, waving all the
in vessels of war, and expend onejarguments agdnst our declaring
i.lining sense of good faith and up
j ight conduct in tiie cabinet of Sv
J..liter, diffused a lively satisfaction
thioughthe nation, and presaged a
speedy restoration of good under
standing and harmony between the
two countries. But our hopes were
blasted, and the wise and patriotic
intentions of our rulers baliled by an
unexpected disavowal of the arrange
ment, and an unqualified relusalto
fulfil its stipulations on the part of
England.—Since the recall of the
minister who negociated the arrangc-
num, nothing has occured to bright
er the prospect of an honorable
iidjustment of our differences. On
the contrary, instead of evincing an
amicable disposition, by substituting
other acceptable terms ofaccommo
elation in lieu ol the disavowed •ar
rangement, the new minister has per
sisted in impeaching the varacu.vol
our administration, which a sense ol
respe ct for themselves and lor th
dignity of the nation they represent,
iorbade them to brook. They adop
ted towards him on that occasion,
th most moderate and least irritating
course of treatment ; a course de
manded bv his deportment, Ik merit
ing the approbation and support ol
every American, who feels anxious
fourth of that sum annually by em-|war, which may be drawn lrom our
ploving it for the protection of ourjpast conduct, >Ir. C. said, he would
ploying . ...
commerce, it would still be unprotect-ask this honorable body, whether the
ed, or the nation involved in war. As present situation of the world does not
solemnly admonish this nation to
stand aloof from the dreadful convul
sions with which Europe for years
this additional naval force is inade
quate to the protection of our coin-
mcr< e, and has never been employed
for that purpose, it is hut reasonable
to suppose that it is intended to pre
pare the nation for a declaration ol
war, which we intend to issue against
France or G* Britain. In the exami
nation of this question we can only
reason from analogy. From our past
c onduct, we may judge with some
degree of correctness, what we shall
do under similar circumstances.—
What was the situation of the U. S.
in March last l The British orders
in council of the 11th November,
1807, were then unmodified, and in
full operation ; every port in Europi
which was shut against British ves
sels, was declared to be in a state of
blockade; all neutral vessels attempt
ing to enter them were subject to
capture and condemnation ; the right
to trade to those ports could not ln-
exercised, until the neutral vessel had
touched at a British port, and paid a
transit duty, which, in some cases, cx-
Yes, sir, the character ol the war, and
sed that every man puts what con
struction upon it he pleases. Is he
for war ? The message breathes no
thing but destruction and blood-shed.
Is he for peace ? The message is
mere milk and water, and wholly pa-
fic. Is he for the bill before you ?
The message calls for its passage.
Is he a friend to a large standing ar-
pastJ.has been agitated to its centre hny ? Why then the message means
20,000 regular troops. Is he friend
the a or r n- \ r
TUESDAT,; March 13.
the principles upon which it is con- ly to the militia ? The message does
ducted, admonish us in the most so- not call for regular troops—.it means
lemn manner to remain quiet until its militia. Thus, sir, this message
stormy billows shall subside into a means any thing, or nothing, at the
calm. In the wars which were begun will of the commentator. If this
and carried on anterior to the French,message is oracular in its meaning
revolution, the conquest of a town or it was no less miraculous in its pro
to preserve the honor and indepen- ceeded the original value of the car-
dynce of his country.
The momentous duty of deciding
go. Our commercial intercourse with
France was not more auspicious. Our
the' attitude tvdiich"the*Utiitedi' eS8Lls and f r S ocs had becn P\ aced
in a state ot sequestration, with au
opon
Suites shall assume in the present,. . .
emergency, is delegated to intelligent «»t»i»atl° n , that their final de position
and virtuous agents. In their wis-r ouId dc > ,cnd "f™ ? ,e course " hl i h
doin we may safely confide; and £'? nation shou d adopt towards G.
it becomes us to place a firm reliance 13ma,,, • 1 ° rel,cve thc nat,on from
on their patriotic exertions to devise
such measuies as may be best calcu
lated to promote peace & prosperity,
or to provide for the security of our
common country in the event of war.
For all the efforts of human wisdom
directed by the purest virtue in our
rulers may prove unavailing without
that union, confidence and support
which the genius of government, the
spirit of patriotism and the dictates
of reason, nature and Christiamity
impose lipon the members of the com
munity. If the members and th
head be united and act in concert, no
foreign power can endanger the life
or safety of the political body.
With respect to thc internal affairs
of this state, it affords me great satis
faction to inlorm you that more than
usual proficiency has been made in
iniprox ing and extending agriculture
and manufactures. The liberal pa
tronage which the legislature has
been pleased to extend to domestic
manufactures, by loans and bounties,
has been attended with thc most sa
lutary effect. The enlightened po
licy of a few individuals has also in
troduced a breed of sheep which es
sentially promotes the'fabrication of
cloths of a superior quality.
CONG-11 ESS,
Substance of the observations math: by
Mr. Crawford, upon the passage
of the bill for fitting out &c. till the
frigates belonging to the United
Suites.
Mr. Crawtord, said, before he
entered on the discussion of the bill,
he felt it his duty to declare, that in
the observations he had made upon
tile pressure of these accumulated
wrongs, the embargo was imposed—
it was voluntarily submitted to for
fourteen months and was then aban
doned in a panic. When this mea
sure was repealed, did we declare
war ? Did we issue letters of mar
que and reprisal ; or did the other
House strike liom the non-inter
course act, a provision which autho
rised the President to issue them up
on a specified contingency ? Sir, if
this nation ever intended to declare
war for an}’ cause short of thc inva
sion of its territory, or the bombard
ment of its cities, last March was th
time which ought to have been seiz
ed for its commencement. We had
cause, and more than cause for wai,
if war would have procured redress.
Our ships were then in our own ports
our seamen were at home—the
property of the nation had been ga-
ihered in lrom the four winds o!
Heaven, and v e were prepared to
strike, where the enemy was vulner
able. We did not however declare
war. Mr. C. said he was not con
vinced but that it is fortunate for the
nation that we did not, although he
thought and felt differently upon the
repeal of the embargo. He was op
posed to its repeal, but for war, when
it was repealed. What, sir, is our
situation now, when compared with
March, 1809 ? The embargo, al
though vilified and abandoned here
proved efficacious. The arrangement
of the 19th ol April last was the off
spring of the embargo. The aban
donnientof the embargo produced the
disavowal of that arrangement. The
order of tile 26th of April, 1809, is
still in force, and although it falls ve
ry short of the arrangement made at
jthis place, vet it abandons the two
province was generally the object and
end of hostilities. Now a battle de
cides the fate of a kingdom ; and the
mightiest empires are overthrown
in a single campaign. The change in
nautical warfare has not been less
than that upon land. Formerly the
capture or destruction N>f a small part
of the adverse squadron, was esteem
cd a glorious victory. Te Drum was
sung in their churches, or the tower
guns were fired. Now, if any part of
the hostile fleet escapes, the victori
ous officer is punished. This contest,
so sanguinary in its progress, and de
structive in its consequences, must
ere long be brought to an end. Let it
then be the wisdom of this nation to
remain at peace, as long as peace is
within its option.
Having shewn from our past con
duct, that we do not mean to declare
war, and also that sound policy for
bids us to do it, it is necessary to en
quire into the probability ol its being
declared against us. Will France de
clare war against the U. States ? In
what relation do we stand to France
mulgation. The news papers to the
east of this, stated that such a mes
sage would be delivered, and stated
its contents near one week before it
reached the two Houses of Congress.
To account for this phenomenon, is
neither within mv power or provinc
( To be concluded in our next.)
The torrents of rain that fell
during the last week rendered the
rivers and even thc creeks impassa
ble for several da;, s ; front this cause
thc northern mail by Augusta, duo
on Sunday has not yet arrived. Great
damage has been sustained by thc
destruction of mills, bridges, &c.
The French papers contain exten
sive. details relative to thc divorce of
the Emperor of France from Joseph-
ine, which hud taken place with the
consent of both parties, tinder a Sena-
tus Consultum.
FOREIGN
the motion for postponement, he had
not the most distant intention ol inti-jin,>st important and obnoxious princi-
matingthat the gentleman from N >*'-1 pies of the orders of the 11th Novem
ginia wished to involve the nation in ber, 18
g>m . .
a war, that he did not conscientiou.s-
lv believe to be necessary for the
preservation of the honor or interest
of the country.
Mr. C. said, that he had by his own
reflections, been led to conjecture,
that this additional naval force was in
tended to protect our commerce in
time of peace, or to prepare the na
tion for a declaration of war, which
we intend to issue, or expect to lie is
sued against ys, by one or both oftli
great belligerent nations. The obser
vations of the gentleman from Yirg
had satisfied him that his conjectures
arc well founded. These are the oh
iects of this hill. But when a mea
sure involving a considerable expence
is under consideration, it is neces
sary and proper to enquire whether
tire means to be employed are ade
quate to the attainment of the object
The inadequacy of the naval force ot
the United States to the protection
. fits commerce, is so glaring as to
1807. The transit duty is given
up, and the blockade of commercial
Europe, is restrained to Holland,
France and the kingdom of Italy. By
this modification our trade to all the
n st ot the world is unmolested by
She captures and condemns all our
vessels which have been visited by a
British vessel, or are bound to a Bri
tish port. Is this all? Does not France,
under some pretext or other, seques
ter the most ol our vessels which have
tlie temerity to enter French ports ?
How would war affect this relation ?
It would put an end to sequestration,
and would greatly diminish the num
ber of captures, because, our vessels
in that case would arm in their de
fence. It is not the interestof France
to declare war against us-—she will
therefore avoid it. But admitting that
France should declare war—this ad
ditional naval force would be unneces
sary, as long as England continues the
war and preserves her national supe
riority. If this should be lost, it is not
upon a fleet of ten fold the efficient
force of our whole naval establish
ment, that we must rely for defence
against the Gallic legions of Napole
on—No, sir, we must rely upon our
own internal strength, upon our union
and patriotism, which will answer e-
very demand that can be made upon it
by the most trying emergency—the
dreams of the timid, and the predic
tions of madmen to the contrary not
withstanding,
But it is possible that G. Britain
will declare war against us. Let us
examine this subject. Has G. Bri
tain any interest which can be sub
served by war with the United States
Is the commerce of this country be
neficial to her ? She enjoys all of it
which she wishes. She gets by pur
chase or capture all which she wants
lrom us. For the first she pays a
moderate price, and for the last she
pays nothing. But what is of equal
importance to her, we purchase her
manufactures. In the full enjoyment
ot all the benefits of our commerce
she restrains her adversary from all
[participation with hj/in those bene
fits. But admitting there is danger
GRAND BATTLE of OCANA,
Gained by the Imperial Royal
French army commanded by the
duke of Dalmatia, (Soult) over
the Spaniards- on the 1 L Jth Nov.
1809.
SPAIN.
Letter from the duke of Dalmatia to
the minister at war in Paris :
Head quarters, Des Barrios,
November 19.
Tour Excellency,
11 is Majesty the emperor’s troops
have just gained a signal victory .The
battle was fought at Ocana, where the
Spanish insurgents had collected 55, itself, and startles at destruction.
(XX) men, of whom 700 were cavalry.
TOR THE GEORGIA JOURNAL.
DUELLING.
No subject can be of more impor
tance than that of Duelling—none
more deeply involves the interest,
happiness and welfare of societ}.
But I am in a measure deterred
from entering on it, when I recollect
the many valuable essays which
ha\’£ been written, and the little at
tention they have met with.
Considering, however, the duty I
awe to society in general, I am
prompted to lay aside all minor con
siderations, and lend my feeble aid
in opposing a measure, despicable in
its nature—ruinous in itself. That
a practice so detestable should be
countenanced by civilized people, is
at once astonishing. A mind which
can pourtrav the multitude of evils
resulting from it, “ shrinks back on
Duellists are led astrav by a mis-
besicles a numerous artillery. Thejtaken notion of honor. Hurried by
4th and 5th corps of the army com- their passions, they are carried to a
manded by the marshal duke of Tre-Jscene too horrid for reflection. IIow
viso (Mortier). The division of gen. often has it been the case, that men,
Milhaud, the division ot light cavalry whose talents were an ornament to
of the 5th corps, commanded by gen. themselves and a boast to their coun-
Beauregard, and the brigade o’iTighl'try, have fallen victims to it; and too,
cavalry of gen. Paris, with the royaljluV the most trivial causes. Many,
guards, and two battalions of Spanish'no doubt, believe, that it attaches'a
troops, left Aranjuez this morning, hv never-fading laurel to (heir names,
order to meet the eneinv, who accor-iTo prove the incorrectness of this
ding to the information received, had idea, let me enquire, who were its ori-
taken position at Ocana. At 9 o’clock, 1 ginal authors ? His'orv informs us
the advanced guard in reality observe that it was invented by B.i.barians
ed that army; at 11 o’clock the en-jior the gratification ol revenge. Tnat
gage men began, and at 2 o’eol. k the it v as invented by the above persons
battle was gained. The Spaniardsjfor the aforesaid purpose, we have
made brave resistance; the spucriority every reason to believe. And thaC
of their numbers encouraged them ; ! it is now generally practised by men,
but they were attacked with such spi r ' ' 1 '
British orders in council. If the com- of war with England, of what service
parison between our present situati
on and that oi 31 trch last, lie fairlv
drawn, there can be no difficult} in
deciding, that as we did not then de
clare war, we shall not do it now. But
it will be said that, to all the injuries
which G. Britain has committed a-
gainst us, she has added the grossest
insult. Mr. C. said that no man wa
more sensibly affected by the conduct
will these few additional frigates be
against the 1000 ships of war which
that nation can put in commission ?
The honorable chairman of the com
mittee says, they will answer the two
fold purposes ot defending our ports
and harbors, and of annoying the
commerce of the enemy. To this it
may he answered, that if they are
kept in our ports for their defence,
rit by all the troops, that their posi
tion was carried without the least
hesitation. The charges made by the
infantry & cavalry threw the enemy
into dreadful disorder. All the ar
tillery and baggage fell into our
hands. We have already counted
50 pieces of cannon, 15 stands of
colors, and a great number of prison
ers, (amongst whom are 3 generals,
6 colonels, and 700 officers) were ta
ken by the imperial troops. The
ground was strewed with dead bo
dies, & with more than 40,000 mus-
quets, as well as with the wrecks of
baggage, & otherinilitary effects. At
every instant prisoners are brought
in. The remainder of the armv is
Hying without arms, and without
knowing what will become of them.
II the English have another Spa
nish army to sacrifice, they may
send it on. The whole imperial ar
my in Spain is disposable.
Liverpool, Dec. 16.
One of the leading miniftcra news-pa
pers (London Mth inft.) fiat the following
paffage : Mr. Myntz, the Auftrian meflen*
ger, has brought propofals to our govern
ment for a general peace, to be negociated at
a Congrefs to be held in fomc city in the
North Weft of France. Should thefe pro-
polals be rejected, Prince Stahremberg has
orders to leave this country. This impor
tant subject will be the firft that will occu
py the Marquis Wellesley’s confideration.
of the Britidi minister towatds this! they cannot annoy t he trade of the e-
government than he was. He feluncmy. If they are sent out to prey
compassion for those who couid not, upon the commerce of the enemy, hut
and contempt for those who would few, if any of them, will ever return
not, discover the insult. But,sir,art to defend out puts.
we to merge the aggravated and ac- The President’s message of the
cumulated wrongs of the nation, in thejinst. has been introduced by the chair-
quarrel between the negotiators oljinan of the committee in support oi
the two countries! If we are to have this bill. Feeble must be the aiu
war, will any rational man be wil- which this measure can derive from
Notice.
Application wil! be made to the honora-
hie the Inferior Court of Baldwin County,
after the expiration of nine months for
leave to sell the undivided half of Lot, No
196, 5th diftrict of Wilkinson, now Bald
win, sold for the benefit of the heirs and
creditors of Jonathan M'Crary, deceased
BARTLEY MCCRARY.
January 2, 1809. 9m
strike the most superficial obscrv
;t the first blush. If every Jrigatixjling to rest it upon the insult offered!that source. 'This message in poin
s uo|> and bomb-ketch in our navvjdy Jackson to the government, in of obscurity, comes nearer mv idea
vas a first late ship oi the line, itj-itendot the long list ofattrocious inju-jof a Delphic oracle thou any state-
Notice.
NINF. months after the date hereof, ap
plication will be made to the honorable th<-
Inferior court of Warren county for leave
to fell 20:.' l -2 acres of land lying in the
ird district of Wilkinson county, No. 261
for the benefit of the heirs and creditors of
Aaron Benton late of this county dec.
II innefred Benton Adm
August 19th, 1809. 12 j|)
ferocious in their temper, and arro
gant in their disposition, will> not be
questioned by the candid and liberal.
Who is the Duellist? One who
gives a wrong definition of honor,
and sacrifices his life at the altar of
public happiness. Is he but a mur
derer ? He is no more—although
the name is robbed of its harshness,
and softened down by the appellati
on of Duelling. What is the defini
tion of a murderer ? One who un
lawfully robs another of his blood.
No rational man will deny, but the
Duellist is, in fact, a murderer. The
one precipitately plunges the in
strument of death in his antagonist;
the other, calmly and deliberately
rolls him ot his existence, days,
weeks, nay months, after the suppo
sed injury is said to have been com
mitted. And because one becomes
a murderer in cold blood, whilst all
the powers of reason attend him,
shall the crime be diminished ? Shall
he be crowned with honor, whilst
the blood ot the person slain, is reek
ing on his hands.
\V e are told that murder consists
in killing an individual contrary to
iaw. Does not the Duellist act in op
position to all law, both divine and
human ? Surely he does. Not
withstanding all this, there are men
who endeavor to justify it;—but few
theie are, who have once slain an in
dividual, but would be glad to recaL
that act of his life. Tho’ he may
for awhile elude the grasp of execu- <•
tive authority, still remorse of con
science pursues him. Like the stinir
of death, &
It hovers o’er his head
And whispers in his ear.
I he shrill echo of the midnight bell
rends the foundation ot his soul—
those peaceful slumbers which he
once enjoyed, no more attend him
that omnipotent arm which once
stayed and supported his tottering
frame, is drawn lrom his assisunce
and, that God who watched over
and guarded him from the machina-
ions ol designing men, now pursues
iniu with his vengeance.