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THE GEORGIA JOURNAL
Vot. II.
MILLEDGEVILLE, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1810:
No. 3.
PUBLISHED BY SEATON GRANTLAND,
(POINTER TO THE STATE,) ON JEF
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NORTH END OTTHE ST AtE-IIOUSE.
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7'fie following is the Speech delivered to tlw
Legislature by the Governor of Connecticuti
at the opening of the Seflion :
Gentlemen of the Council,
Mr. Speaker, and
Gentlemen oj the House of Represen
tatives.
THE favorable auspices under
which ive meet at this season, for
dispatch of the important business in-
ri.Iciit to the Legislature, in the re
moval of the distressing drought
which, at the rising of the General
Assembly in May last, had well nigh
t ut oil'.tire prospect of a competent
former harvest; in the uncommon
fruitfulness of the season which suc
ceeded, by which the face of nature
was renovated, and a competence of
the fruits of the earth produced ; in
tlie general health which has prevail
ed the summer past, and in that de
gree of internal peace and good or
der which has existed under the ad
ministration of the laws ; call for our
- gratitude to that Almighty being,
wo presides over the affairs of men.
Civil and religious liberty, result
ing from a due subordination to law,
human and divine, is the greatest
good which nations, as such can en
joy ; and is at once the evidence,
and the fruit of an elevation of
character in the citizens, far above
that which belongs to the mass of
mankind ; and the degree, in which
it is enjoyed by tmy nation, is the
critcrian by which a judgment is to
be formed, of the merit of that na
tion. This is an inheritance which
our ancestors possessed from the be
ginning, which they have, by the
help of God, trannmited to us, at the
price of blood, nnd which we are
bound at the saint? price if need be,
to hand down unimpared to posteri
ty.
The European nations have for a-
ges been elevated above those of
Asia or Africa, because the Sun of
righteousness has beamed upon the
former and not upon the latter.—
England, Holland and Switzerland
have long enjoyed more of this liber
ty than the other European nations,
because they have, felt his beams less
obstructed by clouds of moral dark
ness than they. And on this side
of the Atlantic, the same inestima
ble gift of Providence has been enjoy-
« 1, in a visible proportion to the ope
ration of the same vital cause. The
revolutions which have recently de
solated Europe, originating in an
iittfolaposlacy of those nations from
the Christian faith, have terminated
in the establishment of a despotism
analogous to tho$;e of the East ; and
we must expect that the same cause,
in proportion as it prevails will pro
duce the same effect, in this Western
worlrf.
Indeed it must be evident that
without the illumination of religion
and science a people must forever re
main incompetent to the task of self-
g overnment. It is equally evident
a system of policy founded in
the love of truth and justice, in the
intercourse of nations, is as essential,
as *’t is in the intercourse of indivi
duals*; and as much more important
as the security of the former is more
interesting than that of the latter. —
Nothing can tend more effectually to
enkindle and keep alive the flames
°I w ar in the human family, than that
Vtful and insidious policy, which,
while it is gloried in by many, a3 the
perfection of wisdom, has, for the
™ 0r>t pan disgraced the deplomatic
intercourse of nations*
The happy consequences which
have resulted from the liberty of our
ancestors, and oi the present gene
ration, in the support of common
school, of the College and of the
Ministry, demons!: are the cos rect-
ntss of this tfc< f»K. T!k i.nijurmitv
And stability which h:-,v.- marked our
public conduct, ar v> . In.' fruit '
of these & simitar measures. In these
remarks, it is no part of my object
to eulogize the state ; my design is
to prompt to perseverance in that
course which I deem essential to our
safety and honor.
The education of youths is an all
important object in every frCe State,
because it forms the character of the
citzens ; and as that character is,
such will be that of the State. Much
has been done on this subject, and
much more might be effected, if the
wisdom of the Legislature v/as to be
employed upon it, with unremitting
attention. The State have an im
portant interest in every child, which
is born or lives under its jurisdicti
on ; an interest paramount even to
that of its parents. The strength of
the State lies in the number of its
citizens, and the strength of the
citizens lies in their talents, natural
and acquired ; and it being the duty,
as well as interest of the State, to
increase its strength by all lawful
means, it will follow that the educati
on of the youths and the instruction
of the citizens in general, in moral
and religious truth, will come within
its province. To replenish the open
ing mind with the rudiments of na
tural science is indeed, the first step
to be taken in the course of educa
tion ; but this is only a mean to a fur
ther end, theamendmentof the heart;
if this is not effected, the acquisition
of knowledge may be worse than in
vain both to the individual and to
the public. The latter Has been
caref ully attended to, but the former
it is believed has been too much ne
glected. In the selection of instruc
tors in our common schools, such as
are immoral, irreligious or unfriend
to the constitution and laws of the
land, should be utterly excluded.
It is unnecessary to point out any
specific provisions as an improvement
of our system ; these will readily oc
cur to the wisdom of the Legisla
ture.
To enforce the execution of law
on offenders is a duty next in impor
tance to that of forming the citizens
for voluntary obedience. As far as
the public will yi .-Ids to that of an
individual, so far civil liberty is an
nihilated ; of course it is impaired
and may be subverted by the impu
nity of crimes.
Offences affecting the honor of
God or a remote interest of the
State, or the more immediate interest
of the offender, such as sabbath-break
ing, common swearing and drunken
ness, pass too often with impunity.
By these offences the State is not
felt to be so immediately injured,
still it is essentially and vitalLy affect
ed. By the first, the design of pub
lic worship and instruction is defeat
ed : by the second, the fear of an oath
is diminished, official faithfulness is
less guarded, and the investigation
of truth, in trials at law, becomes
more precarious ; and by the third,
the wealth of the State is wasted, and
its citizens, instead of a blessing, be
come a burden and a curse. The
laws for the prevention and punish
ment of these crimes against society
cannot without disgrace be repealed:
and if they are not enforced, by those
who are sworn to enforce them, they
become the occasion of breaking
down other laws which are intended
to guard public morals ; and of in
troducing such a construction of of
ficial oaths, as shall leave them very
little force or obligation on the con
science. Surely, such a state of things
requires public animadversion ; and
the rather, because the licentiousness
to which it tends, strikes at the prin
ciple of a free republic.
The rapid increase cf the expense
of supporting State paupers seems to
require the attention of the Legisla
ture. To reduce, if possible, that
part of the public charge, it will pro
bably be found necessary to place
them under a direction, other than
that of Selectmen, who must be ex
pected to lean in favor of a town in
terest, when it interferes with that of
the state. Should a house or houses
be deemed necessary where they may
be kept and employed, it might be
thought expedient to combine a pro
vision to confine, correct and em
ploy such as shall be convicted of
minor offences, and who for want
of property, are, in effect, protected
against the operation ot law. The
subject has been recently before the
Legislature ; the form which it then
assumed was thought exceptionable,
the subject matter, however, was
deemed important; and if the con
sideration of it were resumed, it
might issue in an institution of great
and lasting benefit to the State.
In the course of events, it is some
times proper for the Legislature to
examine the correctness of ancient
laws and institutions, by referring
them to first principles ; it will be
admitted, however, that they ought
to be touched with a cautious hand.
Suffer me to mention an ancient law
of this State, entitled “ An act relat
ing to bills of divorce,” as, in my o-
pinion, unsound in principle. The
exceptionable part of the statute is
that which allows of divorce, “ for
wilful desertion for three years, with
total neglect of duty. n This provisi
on is opposed to the rule which has
ever been established in almost eve
ry part of the Christian world : and
as it admits the principle that a legal
and fair marriage may be dissolved
for other causes than that of adulte
ry, which, it is conceived, is the only
legitimate cause, so the Legislature,
especially of late years, have granted
divorces for any cause, not specified
in the statute, which they deemed
subversive of the ends of marriage.
This practice is right in principle, if
the statute be so : if it be not, itought
to be corrected, both as a rule to the
Court and as a leading step towards
altering the practice of the Legisla
ture. I trust, that my presenting
this subject to view may be imputed
to its proper cause, a sense of duty ;
and not to any want of respect for
what may be at present the public o-
pinion.
In attending to these, or any other
subjects, which may merit considera
tion, at this season, I shall endeavour,
that nothing be wanting on my part
to give dispatch to the business of
the session.
JOHN TREADWELL.
October session, 1810.
flume, the workmen came to a bed of
clay ; ot which however, no notice was
then taken. In the month of Novem*
ber, a stove was put up in the mill,
for the benefit of the men who wefe
employed in finishing the interior of
the building.—-Finding the house was
soon filled with smoke, the workmen
applied this clay to the crevices of
the stove and pipe. In the course of
a few hours, the clay had disap
peared ; and on examining the in
sides of the stove, they found that
the clay had been converted into fine
and pure glass. Since that discove
ry, several experiments have been
made, to ascertain the qualities of
tliis new kind of earth. Two letters
have been received briefly stating
the result. One of them says—
11 The incited clay, as it was poured
out of the crucible, appeared of the
consistence of molasses ; and when
it had cooled, it appeared to be clear
and beautiful glass of a green tinge,
and so strong that it was with some
difficulty broken with the hand.
The other letter says—“I prepared
a little lurqace, .before a blacksmith’s
bellows and blew one hour, when
I found the clay well melted and in
a fluid state, so that it run out of the
crucible in strings as thick as a straw,
and produced a solid glass, which
could be thus drawn from 3 to 4 feet
long.”
As this is an entire new discove
ry, it will doubtless receive the atten
tion of the chymists and mineralo
gists of out country.—Nat. lnt.
to advise the churches in all intri
cate cases of discipline ; to preserve
an urtformity of sentiments and prin
ciples ( to cultivate an acquaintance
between the churches and their mem
bers ; and to supply vacant chur
ches by the appointm it of neighbor
ing pastors to attend them at stated
periods. According to the Dover
Constitution, each church can send
5 delegates and may send less. They
are generally selected by vhe votes
of the members of the church, and
receive no pecuniary compensation
for their services.
Besides thfcse Associations, there
is a more general Convention or Ge
neral Meeting of Correspondence,
which has been on foot for a few
years, and intended to knit , the se
veral Associations together. It has
not, however, yet received ihu sanc
tion of-all these bodies in Virginia.
The whole number of Baptists in
this stale, is computed by Mr. Sem
ple at 31,052. m
It is a fact highly creditable to the
State of Connecticut, and to the ad
ministration of its affairs, tint, on
the 30th day of September, accord ing
to a report laid before the Legisla
ture, “ the re was nothing due from
any Town or Sheriff to the State for
taxes or on any other account on the
books of the Treasury.’”—Nat. Iht
G eor$rha L egh I at u re.
The Newburyport Herald, (printed in
Maflachufctto) given a defeription oka mod
violent hurricane which pafled through that
place on the 14th of September.—In the
fpaceofone minute, Houfes, Barns, fences,
trees and even (tone walls were demolilhed
—many perfons were wounded, though
none killed. “ Rocks weighing half a ton”
(fays the Herald) “ were taken from the
peaceful bofom of the earth, where they had
slept for eternal ages, and removed a confi-
derable diftance—in (hurt, the power of
defeription totally fails to give an adequate
idea of the dreadful ravages which were
made, and which can only be faintly con
ceived by actually witntfiiag the effects it
produced. The horror of midnight dark
nefs, attended by the tumult and convulftons
of the troubled atrnofphere, were fo tre
mendous, that the affrighted neighbours
thought the end of time had arrived, and
the confumm-ition of all tilings here below
would quite fuceced.”
Cook, the celebrated Circumnavigator, when a
boy was apprenticed in the fmall town of Steers
in Yorkshire, to what i* termed a general (hop
keeper. It happened one day, that a young wo
man purchafed an article at (his (hop, and ip
payment oITercd a new (hilling. Tl.e maWr at
the {hop, having feen the girl pay this new
(hilling, aud not finding it among the ca(h in
the till, accused young Cook of purloining his
property Our your.g hero, indignant at this
charge upon his probity, faid it was falfc; that
the new (hilling certainly was in his pocket,
hut that he had replaced it by another. Unable
to brook his matter's accufation, he next day ran
away and went to lea, and from tins limple
cumftance the world is indebted to his great du.
coverics as a navigator.
Raleigh, (AT. C) October 18
Horrid Murder ?—Mr. Abner Tapp,
very induftrious farmer of Orange County,
was murdered on Saturday night the 29th
ult. while attending tohisftill. His body
was found a week after buried under i
large log in the creek ; his fcull fplit entire
ly open by a Broke with an axe. A Negro
and white man, (the former the property of
Mr. Tapp and the latter lived in the neigh
bourhood,)are fuppofed to have perpetrat
ed the horrid deed, and are now confined in
Hillsborough Jail —indeed the Negro has
confefled that he afftfted to fecret the body,
and fays the white man gave the blow. The
Negro gave up 118 dollars, which he fays
was part of the money taken from his mailer.
Mr. Tapp hal left a wife and nine children.
Important discovery.—An intelli
gent and respectable correspondent
informs us, that there has lately
been found, in the northern part of
the state of New-York, a singular
kind of clay, which by the heat of
fire, is converted into pure, fine,
transparent glass. The peculiar pro
perties of this day were thus accident
ly discovered : Last summer, while
Mr. George Scriba was building a
grist mill at Rotterdam, on the O-
ueida Lake, in digging a c3fcaJfor the
RICHMOND Oct. 16.
THE CAUSE OF RELIGIOUS TOLERA
TION.
Our City has been lately interest
ed bv the meeting of the Association
of the Baptists—The number of
strangers who flocked hither, the re
spectability of the eclat, the simplicity
of their principles, & the enthusiasm
with which their ministers propagate
the'u tenets, gave a certain eclat to
their exertions and a new air to the
occupations of the city. The Asso
ciation met on Friday night, the
12th, and dissolved on Monday
night 9 o’clock. About 800 stran
gers are estimated to have been pre
sent—the ordained and licensed
preachers between 30 and -10, of
whom 6 or 7 came from the other
Association districts.
There were no proceedings.* of a
general nature, conducted uinfer the
auspices ol this meeting. On Sun
day forenoon, the peeaching was
carried on at the Capitol, whither
flowed a tide of population, which
the Hall of the 11 ouse of Delegates
could not contain—and at the Bap
tist and Methodist Meeting Houses
—by different ministers who inter
changed in the afternoon. A singu
lar degree of harmony is said to have
prevailed amongst all the “ lovers of
piety,” Baptists and Methodists.
It was pleasing to see this specta
cle of concord among them. The
Methodists, (said a distinguished
Baptist) acted on this occasion a li
beral and ii iendly part, not only in
furnishing their meeting house from
first to last, but in attending the Meet
ings at the different places, and in
joining with apparent cordiality in
the religious exercises—for which
the Association expressed their
thanks.”
This Association is called the Do
ver Association—there are in this
district 37 churches and 9628 mem
bers, as may be seen by reference to
Semple’s “ History ot the Virginia
Baptists,” p. 90—91—a work lately
published, and containing a mine of
Baptistical information, couched in
the clearest and simplest style.
The government of the Baptist
Church is extremely simple £c equal.
There are 15 whole Associations
in the state, besides four others which
extend into other states. Each one
has a constitution independent of the
rest. The government both of the
associations, the churches, and, in
deed, of the whole society in Vir
gin! t, and throughout the world, is
eminently republican ; for the deci
sions are always made by the majo
rity. They are all in a perfect equa
lity, except so far as they may be
distinguished by their talents, their
enthusiasm, and their services. There
are no dignitaries among their min
isters.
The purpose of t!f association b,
SENATE.
Tuesday, 6th November, 1810.
Mr. Davis (of Walton) laid on
the table a petition from a number of
the inhabitants of the county of
Walton, which was read and refer
red to the committee on Privileges
and Elections.
On motion of Mr. Taliaferro,
Resolved, That Abraham Miles,
esquire, be, and he is hereby ap
pointed a Justice of the Inferior
Court of the county of Baldwin, in the
place of Elijah Owens, esq. resigned.
On motion of Mr. Scruggs,
Resolved, That William Lucas,
Paul Bcvill, Thomas Scruggs, and
John Green, be, and they are here
by appointed Lumber-Measurers for
the Port of Savannah.
M essrs. Lanier, Park, Spalding,
Foster, Barnett, Wood, and R ilmrn,
were appointed a committee on the
Siate of the Republic, oh the part of
Senate.
Mr. Wood laid before the Senate
a memorial from Charles Lane, esq.
of Walton county, which together
with the Documents accompanying
the same, was referred to the com
mittee on Privileges and Elections.
On motion of Mr. Pray,
Resolved that the Executive np-
pointment of Reuben S. S.iff>ld, as a
justice of the Inferior court of the
county of Bryan, in the room of James
Bird, Esq. resigned, be, and the
same is hereby confirmed.
On motion of Mr. Walker,
Resolved, that Richard H. Wilde,
Robert Campbell and Thos. C Rus
sell, be, and they are hereby appoint
ed Notaries Public for the city of
Augusta and county of Richmond.
Messrs. Williams, Cook & Shcp-
pred were appointed a committee on
Petitions.
The communication from his Ex
cellency the Governor was read.
The committee on Finance (on
the part of the Senate) was appoint
ed, consisting of Messrs. Hardin,
Davis (of Chatham) M‘Cormick,
Walker, Crawford, Talbot, and
Scruggs.
The documents accompanying His
Excellency the Governor’s commu
nication being read,
Ordered, That Documents, No. 2,
4, & 6 be referred to the committee
on the state of the Republic—No. 5,
referred to the committee on Fi
nance—No. 1 and 3, lie on the table
—No. 7, referred to a special com
mittee, consisting of Merrs. Parke,
Barnett and Foster, to report by bill
or otherwise.
Senate adjourned ’till to-morrow
10 o’clock. A. M.
Wednesday, 7th November.
On motion ot Mr. W illiams,
Resolved, That Jonathan Robin
son be, and he is hereby appointed a
Justice of the Inferior Co.it ol Bul
loch county*
Ou motion of Mr. B\ne,
Resolved, That the Executive ap