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TWBm«ronmi cowjbem.
•BCOR» SBISIOH.
HOUSE OF REFBESENTAT1VES.
Monday, inn. 0,1837.
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY,
Tbt SIntel were called for Petitioui.
Mr. Am» roue nad raid.—I hare a petition
from 150 women, the wive* and daughters of
my conititutentf, praying the abolition of slave
ry in the District of Columbia.
Mr. Glascock.—I object to the reception of
the petition.
Au iuquiry was made of the Chair whether
the question was dchatenlde.
The SPEAKER decided that it was.
Mr. ADAMS hoped, he said, that the pr'inri-
ple of non-reception, subrersiue as it was of the |
constitutional rights of his constituents, would
not he countenanced by the House. The |ieii- !
tion might tie rejected, and the House, lie belie- j
▼ed, were but loo ready and eager to reji-ct we
prayer of such petitions. He complained tint
the petitions were not only rejected, hut that toe
petitioners were treated with obloquy ami con
tempt. The humanity and benevolence of the
motives which prompted this memorial ought
one to commend it to the respect ami attention
[ the House. What had the House to fear frsm
i females T Blood, insurrection and murder ?
Vo sir, there is nothing, said Mr. A. of an ii-
lammntory character in the paper. I hu|>o the
^objection will be withdrawn. I appeal to the
S eollemen himself n son and a father, to wi.b-
raw it, from considerations of respect for rhsse
mothers and daughters. The memorials is vtry
brief, and I trust it will be received and read
Mr. Glascock said, in reply, that though he
petitioners were females, lie found that they act
ed on this subject under a very impreper iniu-
cnce. No petition of tho kind was sent isirc
without an object. They were nil got up and
sent here in pursuance of a general -ysteto
-of agitation. No man hud more consideration
than he had for the motives which the gentleman
supposed to air in ate the memorialist.; lull where
hen son of any one of rile petitioners he would
implore her at least to -withhold tho expression
of a feeling and opinion w hich, however sincere,
he would assurlier were fraught which mischief
to the public welfare. Moreover, acting ns the
representative of Southern mothers, he objected
to the reception nf.u memorial which, however
intended, would bAve the effect to fill their minds
with apprebensioh and alarm. Iluwasawsru
that a majority of the House were opposed to
thie motion, anil that it would not lie sustained ;
but, he should persist in it for the purpose of re
cording his own vote iu’its support.
Mr. Parks said that no good could result from
the discussion of this subject. Ho moved, there
fore, to lay the quesliou ef reception on the ta
ble.
Mr. Rrkd called for Ike yeas and nays sia (lie
-question, and they were ordered.
The question being taken.it was decided in
-the affirmative, yens Hit), nays (19.
The memorial therefore lies over till next Mon
day.
Mr. Adams again rose and presented the me
morial of tiro hundred and twenty-eight females,
residents of Bouih Weymouth, praying the abo
lition of slavery in the district of Columbia.
Mr. Adams proceeded to rend the petitiou.
Several members called Mr. Adams to order,
Mr. Chamrkrs of Ky. made a point of order:
-w»s not tho member under the ii5iti rule of ihu
House, confined to “ a brief statement of the con
tents of n memorial.'
Tho Chair decided Mr. Arams could nntrend
tho memorial, and must confiuo himself to “a
brief statement of its contents.”
Mr. An\MS appealed fruin tho decision of the
Chair, lie railed upon thelSpcakertosay whe
ther he decided that n member wns not in order
in ronding any tiling that lie pleased, ns a part
of his sponcli. If it was intended to suppress
the liberty of speech and the right of discussion
in this House, so help him God, ho would resist
lit in his own person.
The Chair read from the Mnnual of Mr. Jef
ferson, anil other authorities passages which sla
ted that n member had no right to read any pa
per, printed or written, (not even Ids own writ-
ton speech) without tho conseut of ihe House.
Rut independently of that consideration, the
gentleman's attempt to read the petition w as nil
evasion of the Jfrtli rule, which confines a incm-
lier to n brief statement of the contents *• of a
petition," w hen he presents it.
Some discussion took place mi the question of
order, ill which the decision of the Chair w as
sustained by Messrs. I'aitim, Briggs mid Chain
'hors, of Ky. and opposed by Messrs. Harper, of
Pn. and Adams.
Mr. Adams said he would compromise tlie mat
ter. He would withdraw the appeal, if tho
House would sufTcr, him tn-cnniplcto his “ brief
statement" of the contents of the memorial.—
There were hut two moro lines of it, and those
he wished the House to hear.
He proceeded to read the “ two linosw here
in the memnrnlislt express their determination to
present the same memorial every year until its
prayer shall lie complied with.
Tremondotisl cries of " order'
and followed Mr. A's remarks.
TheSrcAKca peremtorily ordered Mr. A. to
take bis scat.
Mr. Adams, instead of complying, raised his
voice, ami continued Ids remarks, which were
however entirely inaudible, in consequense of
tho loud cries of "ordor," “order," from every
part of the Houso.
The SrsiAKKR again directed the gentleman to
sit down. Mr. Adams, having brought hit "briof
statement” to a conclusion, took his seat, at the
-same time saying,“I withdraw the appeal."
Mr. Glascock objected to the reception of tho
petitiou presented hv tbe gentleman from Massa
chusetts, nud proceeded to make some remarks,
Jniliecourxo of which he was interrupted by
many calls to order.
Mr. Dawson, of Ga. attempted to address tho
House on this subject. His remarks appeared to
•be deprecatory of any excitement on the ques
tion; but owing to the iinreasing confusion lie
was not distinctly heard.
Mr. Mann of N. Y. moved tho previuusques-
tion, which was ordered to he put. The main
N]uestion, “ shall the petition he received !" was
put and decided in the iiHinnHtivo, yeas ids, nays
75. Bo the petition wax received.
Mr. Havncs moved to lay the petition on the
table, which motion was agreed to, yeas 131
nays 50.
Mr. A dams presented another similar |>cition,
to the reception of which Mr. IIalrkt objected.
At this point, (3 o'clock) tliiu despatch was
dosed Mr. I'ndkkwood speaking ou lint ques
tion of .receptiou.
DEBATE IN THE SENATE.
MosDAY. Jau. 2.
ADMISSION OF MICHIGAN INTO THU ONION.
Mr. GRUNDY tiitiY.tl lliui die previous orders of
tbs day lie pnstiioiied, tor ihe purpose of muskier-
sng tins hill to admit the Sun- of Michigan into the
Uuioo.
Mr. CALHOUN wrat opposed to the motion; the
documents accompanying the bill I,ml l IU i ibis alum
ina been laid upon the table, and no time had been
allowed for aven reading them over.
Mr. GRUNDY insisted on bis motion. Of one
point I* was fully satisfied, tlint Mirhig.-tn had a
right to he received into the Union; on tin., tic pre-
autued, there tv mi Id be but little difference el' opin* i
ion, the chief ditfie.uhy having respect Is die mode j
In which it was lo he done. There sensed mine j
diffeeence of opinion, end he presumed there would i
be mere debslenourliiog the preamble than coucar* .
•deg the hill itself; but he could nut consent to post- !
pane tin) sutler I. Congress ware daily passing law s.
•he efhet ol which pressed unuieduiirly upon the
People of Michigan, sml concerning which they
were entitled to bnve a voice and tote upon this
and, therefore, the bill f„ r i|„ i r minimum
ought to receive the immediate srnmi of the Annate.
Asm the documents, they were not numerous.-.
•he geettrmen from Mouth C.rolinn imgl.i readily
*T*die aye over them, end he would perreme that
T*'•*£.*• th» ease were easily undei.iuod In-
■“•*'. •bars was hut one of any consequence, re.
N" , "H which there woe any ceulrutarsy. When
accompanied
Ihe Si mate adjourned on Thursday, many Senatnra
had b can prepared and wera desirous to speak al
though the documenta were not (hen printed. It
was the great principles involved in the case which
won Id form the subjects of discussion, end they
coal d ns well be discussed now. He thought the
Sen ste had better proceed. One feet In the case
wns very certain; there had been innro voters for
die members to the last convention than for the first.
Ho a- many more was it inntter of liltln comparative
con sequence. The great question for the Senate to
coi..aider was this: wlint is the will of Michigan on
the subject of entering the Union?
! f this could lie decided, it wns of less enuse-
qu :uce w licilicr the hill should nr should iiotcxpress-
ly state that die last convention, end the assent by
it given, formed tbe ground of admission of the
Si lie.
Mr. CALHOUN here inquired whether the clinir-
ni. in of the committee was to be understood ns lie-
in i now ready to abandon the preamble? If the
J" iliciary Coinmiilec were agreed to do this, he
III might nil difficulty would he at an end.
Mr. GRUNDY replied, jlint, at chairman of the
Ji idiciery Committee, lie had no nuthority to reply
to the inquiry, lint, ns an individual, he considered
tli e preamble as ufliidc consequence, and lie should
vi >tc for the hill whether it were ill or out. Michi-
gi in might iimloulitedly to lie admitted, nud nil
tli e coniequenrei would result, whether die pre-
ai tilde were retained or not. He hnd received
ni llhority from the committee to consent that it
sh mild be stricken out. For himself lie wns settled
in the belief dint Cuugrnsa possessed full power to ; ter ihnn die honorable rhnirmii
prescribe the hniimhmes oi‘ n Territory, and that testimony us is snhiuitcd to
the express authority nf the constituted authorities
of the State?
If all or any of these questions he answered in
the negative—if tho self-created assemblage of De
cember had no nuthority to speuk in the name of
the Slate of Michigan—if none to supersede any
portion nf her Constitution—if none to annul her
dissent to the condition ol admission regularly giv
en by a convention of die People of the State, con
voked by tho nuthority of the Stale; to introduce
her on ils authority would lie not only revolutionn-
arv am! dangerous, hut utterlv repugnant to die prin
ciples of our Constitution. The question then sub-
milled to the Senate is, hnd that assemblage the ua-
tlmrity to perform these high and solemn ncls ?
The chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary
holds that this sell-cnnsti ted assemblage had die
authority; and tvlias is his reason? why, truly,
because a greater number of votes were given lor
those who constituted that assemblage than for those
w ho constituted the convention of the People of
the State, convened under the eunstituledauthor'ilies.
This nrgmnent resolve* itself ini.. two questions—
the first of fact, mid the second of principle. I shall
not discuss the first. It is not necessary to do so.—-
lint if it were, it would he easy to show that never
was so important a filet so loosely testified. There
is nut one particle of official evidence before us.—
We hat] nothing hot die private letters of individu
als. who do not know even the numbers that voted
on cither occasion ; they know nothing of the qual
ifications of voters, nor bow ilteir votes were rceeiv-
tl. nor by whom counted. Now, none knows bet-
himself, that such
establish a fad of
vv lieu that Territory prsseil into a State, the right \ Ibis moment, would not lie received in the lowest
re tnninerl still die same. Congress hnd nlrnndv cm- I magistrate's court in the hind. Dot I waive ibis.—
In hlishcil the boundary of Ohio, and tlint settled the I come to the quesliou of die 'principle involved;
qi lection. He never find perceived the necessity ofj and vvliat is it? The argument is. that a greater
in nerling ill the admission hill ihe section which number nf persons voted for the last convention
m title the assent of Michigan to the boundaries fixed ; than fur the first, nud therefore din nets of the lust of
fu r her by Congress a pre-requisite lo her admission, right abrogated those of the first; in other words,
hi tcausejlip disputed boundary line wits fixed by tin-1 that mere numhrrs, without regard to the forms of law,
ut her hill; end whether the preamble to this bill j or die principles ol the Constitution, give authority,
sh ould he retained or not, Michigun could not pass I The authority of numhrrs. according to this argument,
lb at line, so tlint the preamble was really of very I srts aside tl autliurty of la in olid the Constitution.—
lit lie uiisaqiience. i Need 1 show dint such a principle goes to the entiro
Mr. CALHOUN said that in inquiring ol the j iverthrow of our eouslitiiliomil Government, and
In mumble chairman whether liojntenilcd to nhnn- would subvert till'social order? It is the identical
d< in tho preamble of the bill, his question bad had principle wliie.b prompted die late revolutionary and
limped not to nuy pledge respecting lionntisriei
in.it to die recognition of the second convention and
ol' its doings, lie wanted to know whether the
c'nuinnnii wns ready to abandon tlint principle, lie
h nil examined the subject n good deal, mid his own
luiml was fully iiinde up tlint Michigan could tint
he admitted outlie ground of tlint seroml conven
tion; hut the Kcuatc might coincide die whole -of
whnt hnd been done, and receive Michigan as she
stand at the commencement of the lust session.
Mt. GRUNDY u rveil that, if thu gentleman's
mind was fully matlo up, then there could hu no
necessity of pnstpo 'ng the subject. The gentle
man bus fully satisfied himself, ami now (said Mr.
G.) let 11m see if he can satisfy us. His argument,
it seems, Inis been fully matured, nmi we are now
ready to listen to it. Though I cons' 'or that there
is an virtue in the preamble, and that the effect of
the hill will Ini the sninu whether it is stricken tint,
nr retained, yet I am not rnt-dy lo say that I shall
vole to strike it out. I am ready to hear vv lint call
he said both for nud against it.
The question whs iiuw put on the motion of Mr.
Grimily lo postpone die previous orders, and curri
nil, 22 to lti. So tho orders were poalnoned, mol
the Heiinie proceeded lo consider die hill, which
having been again rend ut the Clerk's table, ns fol
lows :
A KILL ta admit the State of Michigan into tho
Union upon au equnI footing with the original
States.
Whereas in pursuance of the net of Congress of
June the fifteenth, eighteen hundred and thirty-six.
entitled *• Ail net to eMtahliidi the northern boundary
of the State of Ohio, and to provide for the admis
sion of the Stute of Michigan into the Union, upon
tho conditions therein expressed,’* a convention of
delegate*, elected by the Peop * nf the said State
of Michigan, for the nole purpose of giving their us-
Rent to the houndnrini* of the said State of Michi
gan na doHcribed declared, and established, in ami
by the Raid act, did, on tho fifteenth day of Decem
ber, eighteen hundred and thirty-six, assent to the
provisions of Raid art: therefore,
Be it enacted, 9fc. That the State of Michigan shall
he one, and is hereby declared to he one, of the Uni
ted States of America, and admitted into thu Union
oil an eipml footing with the original States, in all
rcnpcctR whntevar.
See. 2. And be it further enacted, That the Sec
retary of thu Treasury, in carrying into effect the
thirteenth and fourteenth sections of the art of the
twenty-third of June, eighteen hundred and thirty-
six, entitled *• An net to |regnlate the depositee of
the public money," shall consider the Stnte of Mich-
i nn as being one of the United States.
Mr. Calhoun then rose, and addressed the Senate
as follows:
I have bestowed on this subject all the attention
that was in my power, and, although actuated by
a most anxious desire for thu admission of Michigru
into the Union, I find it impossible to give my assent
to this hill. I am satisfied the Judiciary Committee
has not bestowed upon the subject all that attention
which its magnitude requires; and I can explain it
on no other supositiou why they should place the
admission on the grounds they have. Olio of the
committee the Senator from Ohio on mv left, (Mr.
Morris.) has pronounced the grounds as dangerous
and revolutionary. He might have gone farther,
and with truth pronounced them utterly repugnant
to the principles of the Constitution.
I have not ventured this assertion, ns strong ns it
is, without due reflection, and weighing tho full
force of the terms I have used, and do not fear, with
nn impartial henring, to establish its truth beyond
the power of controversy.
To understand fully the objection to ibis bill, it is
necessary that we should have u correct concep
tion of the facts. They are few, and inav be briefly
told. ’
Some time previous to the last session of Congress,
the Territory of Michigan, through its Legislature,
authorised tlm People to meet in Convention, for
the purpose of forming a State Government. They
met accordingly, and agreed upon a Constitution,
which they forthwith transmitted to Congress. It
was fully discussed in this Chamber, and objection
able as the instrument wns, nn act was finally pas
sed, which accepted the Constitution, ami declared
Michigan to be a Stale and admitted into tbe Union,
on the single condition, that she should, by a con
vention of tbe People, assent to tbe boundaries pro-
acribed by the act. Soon after our adjournment, the
Legislature of the State of Michigan (fur she bad
been raised by our assent to the dignity of a State)
called a convention of tho People of the State, in
conformity to act, which met at the time appointed,
ut Ami Arbor. After full discussion, the convention
withheld its assent, and formally transmitted the re-
suit to the President of the United States. This is
the first part of the story. I will now give the se
quel. Since thou, during the Inst mouth, a self-con-
Htitutcd assembly inet. professedly ns a crmvciitiou
of the People of the State, but without the authori
ties of the State. This unauthorised and lawless
assemblage assumed the high function of giving
the assent of the Statu of Michigan to the con
dition of admission, us prescribed in the act of
Congress. They cummiiuicutcd their ament to the
Executive of the United States, and he to the Senate.
The Seiinta referred his message to the Committee
on the Judiciary, and that committee, on its own
authority, reported this present bill for tbe admission
of the Slate.
Such ure tbe facts out of which grows the impor
tant question, had this self-constituted assembly the
authority to asucnt for the State ? Had they the au
thority to do what is implied in giving assent to the
condition T That assent introduces the State into
the Union, and pledges in the most solemn manner
to the constitutional compact which binds these
Slates in one confederated body ; imposes ou her all
its obligations, and confers oil her all its benefits.—
Hod this irregular, self-constituted UHseinblagc the
authority to perform these high Mid solemn acts of
sovereignty in the name of the State of Michigan ?
She could only come in a$ a Stute, and none could
act or speak tor her \villnmi her express authority ;
and to ussnme the authority without her sanction is
nothing short of treason against the State.
Again: the assent to the condition* prescribed hv
Congress implies au authority in those who gave it
to supersede in part the Constitution of the Stale
of Michigan ; for her Constitution fixes the bounda
ries of the Stute us part of that instrument which
the condition of admission entirely alter-*, and to
that extent the nsaeut would supersede the Cunstitu-
solution; and thus the question is presented, wheth
er »hin self constituted assembly, styling itself a eon-
' emion, had the authority to do anact which tiecesns-
lily implies thu right to supersede in purl the Con
stitution.
lint further: The State of Michigan, through its
Legislature, authorised a convention of the People,
in order to determine whether the condition of ad-
(• •ssioii khonld be assented is or not. Tbe ennven-
ti n met; and, after mature deliberation, it dissent
ed to the condition of A(Iiiii«bi<*ii ; miiJ thus again
Ihe question is presented, whether this self-called.
arlf-c<in«t!luted assemblage, tins caucus—--for it is
entitled In no higher game—had the authority to an
nul ilia dissent of the (Slate, solei *v given by a
convention of tbe People, regularly Co. ked under
nchicnl movement’ll! Maryland, and which has
done more to shake confidence in our system of go
vernment than any event since the adoption of our
Constitution, but which happily Inis been frowned
down by tbe patriotism and intelligence of the Peo
ple of that State.
What was the ground of this insurrectionary mea
sure, hut that the Gnvert.merit of Maryland did not
represent the voice of the numerical majority of the
People of Maryland, and that the nuthority of law
and Constitution was nothing against that of num
bers. Hera vve find, on this floor, and from the head
of the Judiciary Committee, the same principle re
vived, and if possible, in a worse form; for, in Ma
ryland. the anarchists assumed that they were sus
tained by thu numerical majority of the People of
the State in their revolutionary movements; hut the
utmost the chairman can pretend to have is a mere
plurality. The largest number of voles claimed for
the si ll-ereafcd assemblage is 8,000 ; and no man
will undertake to say that this eon**titutes any thing
like a majority of the voters of Michigan; rod he
claims the high authority which lie does for it, not
because it is a majority of the People of Michigan,
hut because it is a greater number than voted for tho
ait torised convention of the People that refused to
agree to tho condition of admission. It mnv he
shown by his own witness, that a majority of thu
voters of* Michigan greatly exceed 8.000. Mr. Wil
liams, the president of the self-created assemblage,
stated that the population of that Slate amoiin ’to !
neai IV 20,000 persons. If so, there cannot he less I
than from 25,000 to 30,000 v oters. Considering how |
nearly universal the right of suffrage i* under its l
Coiislittuion, and it thus appears that this irregular. I
self-constituted meeting did not represent thc'votn of I
one-third of the State: and yet on a mere principle t
of plurality wc ate to supercede the Constitution of i
Michigan, and annul the net of a convention of tho j
People regularly convened under the authority of
the Government of the Slate.
Hut says the Senator from Pennsylvania, (Mr.
Buchanan,) this assembly was not Kelf-eonstituU’d.
It met under the authority of an act ofCongnwe;
and flint net had no reference to the State, hut only
lo the People; and that thu assemblage in Decem
ber was just such a meeting as tiiat act contempUvt-
ed. It is not my intention to discuss tho quest ton
whether the honorable Senator lias given the t Mie
interpretation of the act. hut, if it were, I could ve
ry easily show his interpretation to he erroneous ;
for, if such had been the intention of Congress, tho
net surely would have specified the time when tho
convention was to be held, who were lo he the man
agers* who fh<? voters, and would not have left it to
individuals, who might choose to assume the null airi
ly to determine all these important points. I might
also readily show tlint tho word 44 convention" ofthe
People, as used inlaw ortho Constitution, always
means a meeting of the People icgulnrly convened
by the. constituted uuthorz'y uf the Slate, in their high
sovereign capacity, and that it never menus such an
assemblage as the one in question. Hut I waive
this; I take higher ground. If the net he, indeed,
Mich as the Senator says if is. then I maintain that
it is utterly imposed to the fundamental principles of
our Federal Union. Congress has no right vv hate vs
er to call a convention in a Stute. It can call hut one
enuvnntinu, and that is a convention of the People
of the United States to amend the Federal Constitu
tion ; nor eun it call thut, except authorized by two-
thirds of tbe States.
Ours is a federal republic—a union of States. Mi
chigan is a State ; a State in the eoiirse of admis
sion, and differing only from the other States in her
federal relations. She is declared to ho n State in
the most solemn manner bv your own net. She rail
come into the Union only ns a State; and hv her
voluntary assent, given hy the People of the Stnto
in convention, called by the constituted nuthority of
the State. To admit the Statu of Michigan ou tlie
nuthority of a self-created meeting, or one called hy
tiio direct authority of Congress, passing hy the au
thorities of the Slate, would he the must monstrous
proceeding under our Constitution that can he con
ceived; the most repugnant to its principles, and
dangerous in its consequences. It would establish
a direct | latiou between the individual citizens of
a State and the General Government, in utter sub
version of the federal character of our system. The
relation of the citizens to this Government is through
the States cxi Immoly. They are subject to it- au
thority and laws only because the Stn has assent
ed they should lie. If she dissents, their assent is
nothing ; and. on the other hand, if she assents, their
dissent is nothing. It is through the State, then,
and through the State alone, that the United Staler!
Government can have any connexion w ith the I’eo-
I dc ol a State; and does not, then, the Senator from
?ennsyIvnnin see, that it Congress can authorize a
convention of the People in the State of Michigan,
without the authority of tlm State, it matters not
wlint is the object, it may in like manner authorise
convention* in any other State fur whatever purpose
it may think proper l
Mu lligan is as much a sovereign State ns anv
other, dill'cring only, iih I have said, as to her federal
relations. If vve give our sanction to the assem
blage of December, on the principle laid down hv
the Senator from Pennsylvania, then vve establish
the doctrine that Congress lias power to call at plea-
sine convention* within the Stales. Is there a Sen
ator on tins floor who will absent to such a doctrine 1
I* there one. especially, who represents the smaller
States of this Union, or tbe weaker section 7 Admit
the power, and every vestige of State lights would
be destroyed. Our system would he subverted and.
inutei d of a confederacy of free and sovereign States,
we would have all power concentrated hero, ami
this would become the most odious despotism. He,
indeed, must be blind, w ho does not see that such a
power would give the Federal Government ji com
plete control of all the States. I call upon Senators
now to arrest a doctrine so dangerous. Let it he re
membered, tliut, under our system, bad precedents
live forever; good ones only perish. We may not
feel nil the evil consequences at mice, but ibis pre
cedent, once set, will surely he received, and will
become the instrument of infinite evil.
I will be asked, wlint shall be done ? Will you re- !
fuse lo admit .Michigan into the Union t I answer j
no; I desire to admit her; and if tbe Senators liom !
Indiana and Ohio w ill agree, I am ready now to ad-
milder as she stood nt the beginning of the last sen- j
•ion. xv it limit giving sanction to the unauthorised ;
assemblage of December.
Put if that doe* not meet their withe*, there is mill
another bv which she mnv be admitted. We arc I
told that (wo-tbiids of the Legislature and Peopled'
Mu lligan are in favor of accepting the conditions ,
of the act of last »e»*nm. If that be the far*, then !
all that is ncrc**arv i*. that the Legislature should I
call another convention. All ditVnulty vv ill thus be 1
removed, and there will be still abundant time for '
her admission at tin* session. And shall we, lor the j
*nk'- ol gaining n few mouth*, give our assent to a j
bill ft aught with principle* so monstrous a* ihi» t
We have In eu told, that miles* she is admitted I
iimnrdiitclv it will !»e loo lute lor her lo receive her
proportion of the surplus revenue under the drpo- j
site lull | trust that on so gr« at a question a difti i
cully like tin* will have no weight. Give her nt
once her full share. I am rend) to du i«aI once, 1
wiiiiuut waiting lur admission. I was morulad to
Hear on in grave n question such motives aligned
for her r ilmission. contrary to the law and Constitu
tion. 8 licit considerations ought not to be present
ed when vve are settling great constitutional princi
ples. I trust tlint xve shall pass hy all such frivolous
motives on this occasion, and take ground on the
great ai d fundamental principle that an tuformnl,
irreguln r, self-constituted assembly, a mere caucus,
Am* no uithority to speak fora sovereign State in
any case v^hatever; to supersede its Constitution,
<»rto reverse its dissent deliberately given by a con
vention of the People of the State, regularly con
vened ujit* er its constituted authority.
MILITARY COURT OF INQUIRY.
(Clu respondtnee of tBaltimore Chronicle.)
Frederick, Jan. 7, 1837.
This \vus the most interesting day of tbe whole
se.-H<>n. At an early hour, the court room wns
crowded it) anticipation of the appearance of Major
General Gaines, whose objections to Major General
Macomb as the presiding officer of this court, bnve
been publicly avowed, and whose well earned fame
as a soldier will forever render him dear to his conn-
trynn ti. As soon ns the President announced the
ri‘fulinea» of the Court to proceed to business, Maj.
General Scott requested that the deposition of Gen.
Clinch mi continuation of his chain of evidence
might hr rend—“ There were said he “some quo-
In*iib which I omitted to put to Gen. C. while here,
Mr. President, nnd I availing myself of the kindness
of the Judge Advocate, who in visiting Washington,
obtained from the General in that city, the written
nn«vvor» ’Tin to these I refer, and I beg that they
may hr? read." They were read accordingly rod
arc in keeping with the testimony hitherto furnished
hv that (Icnci al. Other unimportant testimony was
aiciit t/eing read to elucidate which Gen. Scott was
up* ii the floor, when the principal door of the cham
ber was thrown open and in walked Gen Gaines, in
full uniform, wenring the splendid sword presented
to him by the Legislature of Virginia; accompanied
by two Ai<lh-de-(\»mp. General G., without taking
a s' ‘it* proceeded to the front of the President, and
Hoi/ nj the lir.-t interval of silence, addressed the
Court—“I am here, inay h please the Court; by
the orders of the Secretary of War, and I ask that
tho Judge Advocate may be directed to read the se-
vei ;.| orders from the War Department on the sub
ject"—The Court accordingly instructed the Judge
Advocate *.o comply with the General’s desire, and
the orders, calling the Court to inquire into the fail
ure ofthe Indian Campaign* in Georgia and Flori
da, under the conduct of Major General Scott, and
the tircuinstanees attending the unauthorised pub-
licalinn of official pnprm by Major Gen. Gniuos,
were immediately read. During the reading Gen.
G. remained standing, and at its completion, obser
v'd “ May it please the Court, I have hern order
ed to appear before you, and I have done so; and I
must bo allowed to say that the Court is proceeding
illegally. I am a party in the trial now pending and
domaml the right of crossquestioning witnesse s, cx-
nmining documentary evidence, &c. Tin* Court
objected, and rssmeu Gen. Gaines, that it differed
with him in op'uion on the subject, nud hinted in
very delicate terms the expediency of his taking a
seat, and concluded hy assuring him, that, is soon
as the case of General Scott was concluded, every
facility in the prosecution of his views should he
awarded him. Genera) G. continued to descant on
“ the illegality of the proceedings thus far." noUvith-
standing thh assurances nf Gen. Macomb, that his
language at this time wns rather inappropriate,
and his great desite that the venerable Chief would
be seated. “ I come here, sir," lie continued 41 not
to ask favors, hut to demand justice." “ Clear the
Court" said the President—
In a short time xvu re-entered the chnmher, nml
General Gaines was informed hy the Court, through
the Judge Advocate, tlint 44 t.'ic Court had every de
sire to extend to him at the proper time the utmost
latitude in the furtherance of his inquiries; but that,
nt the present time, he would not he permitted to in
terfere with the business of the Court, hy the intro
duction of irrelevant observations nml that it wns
hoped further suggestions on the sul^'ct would be
found unnecessary. "The General continued his
perpendicular position.
I.t. Morris was sworn—“ Where and in what ca
pacity were you in April last ?
Ausicer—At Tainpa Day—I was commissary of
depot.
General Gaines—“ I beg leave, with due deference,
to slate, Mr. President.—
Gen. Macomb.—“ General, I repeat that you can-
mu he permitted to address the Court, until your case
is before it.”
General Gaines—"I appear before you. Sir, by
orders"—
Gen. M.— 44 You will oblige the Court, Sir, by
your silence"—
Gen. G.— 44 I protest formally against the course
pursued by tliis court"—
(Jen. M.—I have once more to say, Gen. Gaines,
that you cannot be allowed to interfere in any way
with the progress of this trial, ami a repetition of
such conduct will he viewed as dcliberulecontcnipt!
pray he sealed"
Gen. G.—I beg your pardon Sir; standing is,
a custom of mine, and 1 ask to be gratified in this
particular."
Gen. M. 44 Certainly, General,—Consult your con
venience in sitting or standing—by pleasing your
self, von will gratify the Court."
Question lo Lt. Morris— 44 What amount of bard
bread and bacon were at Tampa Bay when General
•Scott.—
Gen. Gaines— ,4 lfeel myself. M. President, con-
stained on-e more toprolestngainst thialaic/ess mode
ol procedure."
Gen. M.— 4 1 ngnin urge upon you, Maj. Gen.
Gaines, the importance ofcomplyiiig with the desire
of the Court in this matter. Your case, Sir. is not
before us. You have nothing to do with tho matter
pending, ns it at present stands. Vou must not in
terrupt us.’
General G. (in a loud voice) ‘May it please the
Court, I wish to he heard for a moment. I do not
desire to retn ‘d its operations, but I wish to protest
formally ng**ii^t the illegality with which it is, and
!• s been conducted. The ninety first article, Mr.
President.—
Gen. Macomb.— 4 General Gaines, submit your
view s to paper, and they will lie considered uud re-
yarded. Do so now, or any time after the adjourn-
went nf the Court this morning will do.
General Gaines.—‘ No, Sir, I will do so now.*
Proceedings wore accordingly suspended to ena
ble tin.' gallant old soldier to embody bis views, at
the completion of which, lie commenced another nd-
dross to the Court, but was again interrupted by
Gen. Macomb.
Gen. G.—‘ I wish, Mr. President, to convince
this Court nnd the country that the whole tenor of
its proceedings is nt war with law, usage and reason
and—
General Macomb.— 4 General, yon shall not he
longer tolerated in these gratuitous expressions.
Tin* court will confer—clenr the Court!"
The crowd, with the two Major Generals, repair
ed loan auti-ehnmher. and there awaited the second
I* suit of the arbitration. Whilst there, a feeling of
profound regret nt tho unfortunate causes of the es
trangement of these two eminent soldiers, irresistibly
pen .ided u*. The champions of Republican Amer
ica ; those to whom the present generation id our
countrymen ever look with patriotic exultation, were
now, without n fault of either, exhibited to public
gazt* as gladiators in the political arena. There they
stood, on opposite sides of the room, encircled by
their several friend*, nud occasionally eying each
other’s manly form, with other, I trust, than embit
tered reflections. Favorites nf the nation, who
breasted the bayonets of gallant old England, side
by side, and together planted the Star Spangled
Danner of their admiring countrymen, where once
proudly and gnyly and vauntiugiy floated the stan
dard of St. George. Leaders of 4 forlorn hopes,’
whose names are patronymics for hundreds of their
youthful fellow-citizens, nud at the recital of whose
achievement* the stiipling feels the first impulses of
Military ambition! W here, and what are they
now ! U _*'• Knight* mi the political chess-board of
the upper and lower cabinet*.
Oil the re-opening, the Court, through the Prcsi-
di nt. niitmunccd that the protest of Gen. Gaines
should he incorporated \\ itli the proper document*.
General Gaines then read Iih acquic*ence in the de-
ci*om id the President of the United State*, in rela
tion In Gen. Macomb, nud nftei the traiisaction of
unimportant hu«in< a* the Court adjoin lied until to
morrow at II A. M.
Tim opinions of the Court, ns expressed to Gen.
Gninc*, \\ ere delivered h\ Major General Macomb
in. n language nnd manner highly creditable to hi*
In* talents nud urbanity. He urged upon his broth
er oflirer, to whom he stood in a relation altogether
unsolicited, nn adherence to a coilfwc, the expedien
cy mid piopriety nf which, hi* own judgement mu*t
approve, and ouo which tho rules of service abso-
lutoly exacted.
P. S. General Gainc* Ims publicly expressed
hi* ileti nuirintioii to pioscculc the enquiries u„w
pending, to their Utmost extent, nud hiing the actu-
n!ly guilt), fnitly Im lore the woild. In this, Im will i
be seconded by the hero of Cl/ippewu.
jlrtrncli from letteri /tom Gene ml Jenup, dated
** Hi .%:• Qi'artkrs. Aunt or tnk Hoi'tii,
•, Gimp Dade, J)»e. 17. IHJ|f».
‘•Tit* tinny uinicr m\ cottiotnftiLconsisting nf
tbo Tciiucmcc brigade aud Alabama batlalliuu,
withnboJit three hundred regular troops, and
five hundred Indian warrior*.arrived in tbb vici
nity lastlnight. To-day I have had the Walioo-
Swantp(completely examined, not an Iudian is
to lie fotpid, r lid the friendly warriors are of opin
ion thatjthcy have all cone south. From the
appearance of their trails they are supposed to
have ret'catcil soon after their last battle with
the troops under the command of Governor
Call.” j
» Head Quarters, Armt of tuf. South,
1 “ Camp Dade, Florida, Dec. 18, 1836.
“ Shcc 1 wrote to you yesterday, I have re
solved, from a careful consideration of all the cir
cumstances of the country, aud the army, to
place a| depot at this place, leave a garrison of
one huidred and fifty men to defend it, and with
the remainder of the force under my command,
to proceed down the Withlacoochic, scouring the
country on hot!) hanks to its mouth.
44 By the movement proposed, 1 shall he able
to drive out all the Indians who may remain on
or near the river, to cover the frontiers, and as
certain the practicability of pushing steamers or
other boats up to the forks.
“ If boats can lie brought up to that point, or
within a clay’s march of it, the Indians must for
ever abandon their .settlements in the cove aud
tho swamps of the river.
44 The Tennessee volunteers will continue with
me until this movement he performed, though the
term of service of many of them has expired, and
that of all will probablv have expired before it he
accomplished.
44 The prisoners whom I have taken, inform
me that it is the purpose ofMicatiopy, Jumper,
nml Abraham, to fly before tho army, and avoid
a battle ; they will hide themselves in the dense
hammocks and swamps of the everglades. O-
seola has declared his lufeutionto maintain him
self as long as possible on the Withlacoochic, and
then fly to the aoutli ; hut the prisoners say he
will never surrender.”
From the Xrw Orleans Bulletin, of January 13.
Texas, in the midst of her prosperity, w hile
rejoicing in the hopes of pence and the uninter
rupted enjoyment of a free government, is called
upon to mourn the loss of one of the most dis
tinguished among hersous and to substitute a
chaplet of cypress for the glorious wreath of lau
rel which has heretofore gruccd her brow. The
name of Austin is associated w ith her earliest
existence, aud to his efforts in building up her
infant colonics, and establishing their character
and credit abroad, is she mainly indebted. lie
was indeed her patriarch, and labored for her
advancement with the sedulous care and solici
tude of a father; his life is a history of exertions
ami struggles in her behalf, nnd his last days
were spent in the promotion of the same great
cause which had constituted the chief aim of his
existence. In 1821, Gen’l Austin commenced
tho first settlement on the Brassos in accordance
with a design projected hy his father, Moses
Austin, w ho, when death was about to arrest his
ca.ccr, enjoined upon his sou with his parting
breath the prosecution of his enterprise. The
hardships and privations endured during the first
yea. s of the settlement were great enough to
have discouraged any hut a mind that yielded to
nothing short of absolute necessity. Genl. Aus
tin, taking courage from these very difficulties,
and disheartened hy nothing which surrounded
him—seemed only the more resolute in tho ac
complishment of his great purpose. Ilesurvev-
ed personally tho country granted to his father,
anu visited Bexar to have the original grants con
firmed in himself, but being defeated, he travel
led by land to the city of Mexico, incurring the
risk of great personal d ; gcr, in a country not
thickly populated, and infested w ith hostile sa
vages and hands of robbers. Owing to tho un
settled state of politics in Mexico ho was de
tained a year before the object of his visit w as
accomplished, and upon his return to Texas, he
had the mortification of finding his colony almost
entirely broken up for want ofhis fostering care
and protection. Euerjetic exertion and prudent
management, however, soon enabled him to res
tore it to a condition of prosperity aud eventual
ly to raise it to the dignity of a province, with a
population of 60,000 souls. During all the diffi
culties which afterwards arose with Mexico in the
settlement of the rights of the colony, Genl. Au
stin w as the skilful advocate of Texas, and for
his devotion to her interests, suffered imprison
ment for a period of some months in the city of
Mexico. When eventually, war became inevi
table, he was among the first to propose a sepa-
tion from tho nation which hail oppressed them,
aud an avowal of their independence. After tho
deed was done, he took up arms in behalf of his
country nnd served as commander in chief till his
efforts in the capacity of Commissioner to the
United States were needed. The success of the
commission to this country is well known, and
to him in a great measure may it ho attributed
without attempting in the least to disparage the
services of the distinguished gentleman w ith
whom he was associated. His fame as the foun
der of Texas, his know ledge of the country, its
resources aud advantages, its moral nud physi
cal power, and his enthusiastical devotedness to
her interests inspired a confidence in her cause
and a sympathy for her situation that would not
have •thenvise existed. The object of the mis
sion being completed, he returned to Texas, and
upon the election of Gen. Houston to the Presi
dency, was selected as the Financier of the Re
public, a station for w hich he was eminently sui
ted, and had his life heeuspared, ho would no
doubt have succeeded in placing the finances of
tho country in a sound nud prosperous train, lu
him Texas has lost ahero, a patriot and a states
man of the first order, w hose place she can ne
ver fill, aud w hose coi.stnut and untiring servi
ces in her behalf have imposed upon her a debt
of gratitude that can never he sufficiently repaid.
With her prosperity and glory is his memory i-
dentified, and w hile the institutions he aided in
establishing shall continue to oxist, the name of
Austin will shine conspicuous in characters of
unfading splendor.
The follow ing proceedings on the part of the
Texian citizens in this city, took place upon the
reception of the melancholy intelligence of the
death of Genl. Austin ;
Information having been brought hy the
schooner Colonel Fannin, just arrived from Tex
as, of the death of General Stephen F. Austiu,
an event w hich occurred nearColumhia, on the
25th tilt, n number of the citizens of that country
now sojourning in this city, convened ut the
North American hotel, on Wednesday evening
the 12th inst, for tho purpose of offering such
tribute of respect to the memory of their deceas
ed fellow citizen, as it was in their power to be
stow on the occasion.
His Excellency David G. Burnet being ap
pointed to preside, and A. J. Yates, Esq., se
cretary, the following preamble and resolutions
were unanimously adopted.
Feeling as we do that the death of our distin
guished fellow citizen General Stephen F. Aus
tin, in an event sincerely to he deplored hy all
the people of Texas, on account of tho "great
services it would have been in his power to be
stow upon his country, had it been consistent
w ith the wisdom of ProvhltMieo longer to havo /
continued the term of his existence, not to men
tion the respectful sorrow which is due fur his
untimely cud, from sentiments of gratitude for
his past unequalled tuef'ilues*, we have deemed
it proper mid becoming in us to give this public
niaiifcstatioii of our Iceliugs on the occasion, us
an net ol justice to one, who. though ho is no
more, deserves to he held m grateful rciiieinher-
auce hy the people of it country which Ids ef
forts, far more than those of any other individ
ual, have contributed to establish ami advance
to its present condition. As bis long mid perse-
vtiing elfin it in liclinil of the infant colonics of
Tex a*, immersed us they were for years in the
gloom of obscurity mid exposed to all forms of
prixaiioii ami *ufl« img, will oiioihi) hceoiuepart 1
of the history ol Id* county, it is deemed untie - !
cessai y to do more »t present than aditdeto them |
when brought hr tore ihu woild in their Ju*l red- j
or*, we mu confident they min ol full to com-
liiitnd the lespert ami Ndiiio ilioii ou all who de- 1
delight iii bestowing the meed ol their approval'
upon the virtues of patience, perseverance and
enter prize. Equally do xve feel; ourselves tall,
ed upon to;bear testimony to the private charac
ter of the deceased, which in all its social rela^
lions, was ever marked by tho mildest and most
amiable disposition. Therefore—
Resolved, lu testimony of oor respect for the
virtuous pablic nnd private character of uor de
parted felUwcitizcii. General Srephou F. Austin
and of our sincere regret for his loss, that we
will wear crape on the left arm for the space
thirty dayt.
Resolvtd, That Commodore Charles E.
Hawkins, commander of the Texian schooner
of war, Independence, now in this port, he re
quested til order minute guns to he fired from
said vessel on Friday, the 14th inst, at 12 M, i n
respect to the memory of Gen. Stephen F. Aus
tin, late secretary of state, deceased.
Resolved, That the secretary of this meeting
do transmit copies of the proceedings 0 f this
meeting, to the near relations of the deceased,
nud also that copies he furnished the editors of
the several daily papers of this city, and the edi
tor of the Texas Telegraph, for insertion.
Whereupon, a vote of thanks having been
passed to Mr. Le Bleux for the use of his room,
the meeting was adjourned.
DAVID G. BURNET, Pres’t
A. J. Yates, Sec.
A citizen of New Orleans who has lately re
turned from Vera Cruz, where ho met with a
gentleman recently from the city of Mexico, re
ceived from him the following communication
which wc give our readers, without however
having any other know ledge as to how much re
liance ought to is to he placed upon tho state
ments.
TO THE FRIENDS OF TEXAS.
A gentleman just arrived from the city of Mex
ico has been an eye-witness to the great prepar
ations making by that government to open the
Spring campaign with great vigor.
The troops wero well clothed and amply
provided w ith every thing necessary for the cam
paign.
The numbers arc much greater than is
mentioned iu any of the uewspaners, say about
16,000.
Gen. Bravo at a procession of monks, priests,
&e, swore extermination to every being ho
could find in Texas, without regard to age
or sex.
Friends of Liberty ! Now’is the time for yon
to look out—do not be lulled to sleep hy false
reports—he aware that you have got a powerful
enemy to cope with.—[N. Bulletin.
IMPORTANT FROM ST. 1AGO DE CU
BA.
We are indepted to Mr. Kidd of the Mer
chants* Exchange for tho following important
intelligence from St. Iago. dated Dec. 15th,
1836.
The troops under the command of Gen. Lo
renzo have sworn fidelity to the Constitution of
1812, and ure determined at all risks to protect
him and to defend it.
General Lorenzo is still maintaining his posi
tion nud has issued in very strong language an
other proclamation to the national tnilitia and
army, stating that the queen and thecoustitutiou
were one, aud exhorting them to defend the causo
of Isabel Segunda, which was that of Liberty,
Glory, and Industry ! lie concluded by telling
them that although he was their commander, he
was a friend to them, as well as tiie nation at
large.
Four thousand of General Tacous’s troops from
Havana had landed at Ybarra, and are expected
daily at St. Iago do Cuba. You probably will
soon hear of a battle. The state of St. iago is
deplorable.
The British sloop of war Nimrod and the Bri
tish frigate Vestal, Captain Jones, are laying at
St. Iago for the protection ofBritish subjects aud
property. The British ship of war Madagascar
of 46 guns is at Port Royal, Jamaica, and the
British ship Melville, 74guns, Admiral Ilnlket,
is laying at Bermuda, exclusive »f ihe blocka
ding squadron of two vessels.
The schooner Ccntaitro has been sent with
important despatches for the senior officer at
Jamaica.— [New Orleans Bulletin.
From the Saeannuh Georgian of the 17.
LATEST FROM FLORIDA.
By tho Steamer Snntcee, Cnpt. Brooks, arrived
yesterday from Gnrcy’s Ferry \in Jacksonville, ws
hevo received the following, which exhibits the par
ty of Indians, which captured Mr. Dell’s negroes, as
lucre nunieronst ban before reported. Two of tho
negroes too, have been cruelly murdered hy the blood
thirsty savage*.
(From our Correspondent.)
Courier Office, )
Jacksonville, Jan. ]J—9 a. m. j
INDIAN DEPREDATIONS AGAIN.
Inmans in the rear oe the army.—OnThurs-
day last, eleven of twelve negroes belonging to Mr.
B. M. Dull, going from Black Creek to Newniins-
ville, were captured by :i pnrty 4 of Indians. The
particulars are given iu the following letter :
To the Bditor.
Dear •Sir: Lest a wrong construction should be
put upon the capture of Mr. B. M. Dell’s negroes, I
give you as near as I can, the particulars.
Two or three weeks ago, Mr. Dell sent a party of
liisblacks to bis plantation nearNcwnnnsville, Im
ping that so near the fort at thut place, it would bo
safe for him to make a crop this year. Finding
from the presence of the Indians, no safety could be
found there, lie rented a place in Houston county—
whither lie intended to remove his blacks. On
Tuesday or Wednesday last, he started a wagon and
team, with twelve negroes from Black Creek, to
join those already nt Newnunsvillc, in order to go
iroui tliencn to Hamilton county. Yesterday, the
5tli inst. about cluven o’clock, eleven were captured
near Mrs. Monroe’s place, on the rond from Black
Creek to Newimusville, by, it is believed, 20 or 30
Indians. One only mude bis escape. Tbe United
Stales bnggnge train wns before them, but bow far
I do not know. Tbe militia from this nnd Nassau
county, sent us nn escort to said train, under com
mand, I believe, of Lt. Hart, passed the wagon nnd
negroes but u short time previous to tbe capture, and
fortunately took with them from tbo wagon, Mr.
Dell’s little son, William, who would otherwise have
fallen a victim to Indian barbarity.
I write in haste. Should l learn farther particu
lars I will inform you.
Respectfully, your ob’t serv’t,
JAMES DELL.
January 6th, 1837.
We nre indebted also to the politeness of Col.
Dell forthe following letter to him, by which it will
be seen that the Indians made good their retreat—
that their number* increased on their way by others
joining them—nml that they inhumanly murdered two
of ihe eleven negroes they bad tnKen prisoner*.
Isaac was a prime negro fellow, nnd wns probably
stubborn, or perhaps lie opposed tbe murder of tin’
little negro boy Charles, and for that opposition lust
bis life.
These make twenty negroes Mr. B. M. Dell
lost in consequence ofthe. breaking tip ofhis plan
tation by this uusufferable Indian war. When will
poor Florida cense lo bleed from fresh wounds in*
flirted by these infernal Hcntinoles !
Ou Friday of last woek a party of twenty men nnd
five Creek Indians went in pursuit »'l those win*
made the above capture. This party is the scout re
ferred to iu thu following letter.
Black Creek. Jnn. 8. 1837.
Dear Uncle :—I arrived hole late last night,sheut
8 o'clock from off the scout. Wewenttothe n»g*
on, and when we got there, we found it torn i" l"“
re* and the oxen killed. Wo had been there
three minute s», when up rodo Philip nnd little VV hqr»
[sons of B. M. Dell] not knowing a word *»l obat
had happened. We’ took the trail and followed i* «•
bout three miles, when we found Isaac and Chsi'b *
Kill'd. Isaac wa* shot through tbe heart, frit'y*
behind tbe ear, ami hi* jaw bone broken. Ctiaios
v a* -tabbed in four or five place*. VVe buried them
and iImmi took tlm trail of tho Indian* and followed it
till dark. VVc then cnwpod for the night. In dm
morning we foliownl the trail until yesterday, I*
clock, when we found them weioloo ninny jialisn*
for us and a long dutunre ahead. VVs lamed baeK.
It tliote had het ii fifty nmro nf us, we might lm»*
followed them lu tin ir hold. Nothing more at |a«"
I remain )»
i in battle,
e IIA It Lea I. DELL
Tliorn it lu ilia Iiiiiiihii li-urt » rim.'***
Knioriiliiiii of |)(».iini«, ,n iIihl ilm »l«»truf'•"—
nf oiiv it nlmo.i nlit iiy. (lie o«lnlili,hiiirul "*
•Umt.