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rrdnnt laiK iihi. Ii
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. In.
Ml. "1.0
i* \ ,*.*■ mi. !i «ui furwfi.r • am! pa minims, .< in
• *.,»«*«i tlir of,,*** «*f his *|wiitni<lit* t«> ft i u i
»* ^ SpanMi •liiiittrKwt*l nu nly . \V him* • r *.'>
». lieu! *n>. |.»r disposing i»l'au »»vrtpi.... »f " «!t!i;q».
p >r !■»hnvo liecn far from uncninm ,i in II •!! uni.
A ntlumnn nrqiriintaiu ••.pa •>; i*» t i . h
A min'd! a f w ivir> ago, hud In ;»M< ni i<m «: i. • <•! <1
to an olJ fn«*1a-Ji«'ai-lookiM;' ilwi nmj;, «••>?.• *n,i.»•*
*vhu Si hr ffn:h«*rr(l (lit* fmiuwiiig Iiistiirr'hi r* mi *.*<•
• vimc, Tin* original owm r "as a Ji w an l hr
• . .tU-*iI ihr Ii'HI-h'out of purr r« \ Gg»*. Ills r..if r
» .■sm null Ti'plrui'licil, that In* "/i-at a l«»»s!i-r.\
• • • mpl-.iy his siifnrflimus »• isli: at l ist In* hit upon
tiinilul • xpcdu'iit. II ili'tiTmini'il to in iln
. pavrinnnt brft»n* his rnsi'li’inr* of large iin^ivn
jilati'M ofsilwr, and |>* surroiml :t " illi an ornaui 1 tit.
• i clinin of the* snmr costly main!. II for* 1 i-irnint:
his plan inl A'Acct, it buliovril him toohf.-iin the sane.
Yit>n of the authorities. These "ortlm>. howevi r
ir>i«J of sympathy, set tfa ir Dim against a pr>p»i*
tion which might Imve compelled them to inerea.v
tin strength oftho town guml. Ti iI at th« ii
non*coniplianre, Moses determined to punish them.
IIo ordered his dwelling situated in the i*rin»-i,».*I
street, immediately to h*• pulled down, and on it>
site riveted the one now standing. It is literaady
covered with diaholieal figure's amounting it i-
saiii to J)H3.—('hamh*r'z 1'i'ntin ni-if Tour,
To Vof.N'i Mkn.—There is n • moral olug.i'i »u
so In autiful to me as a r mseientioiis young man.
1 watch h : m as 1 do »i star in the heavens : eloud
may Ik* before him, hut we know his light is li*diind
them, and wiil beam attain ; the hi t/ - <d other/ pop
ularity may outshine him, hut we know that tiio r.M
unknown he illumines his own true ‘ j*h**rc. II re.
hista temptation not without a stingi*!.*. (or "hat is
not virtue ; hut he does resist an I <• >i,«pi-r ; he
hears the sarcasms of the pr«»fl rit-, and it imps
him, f»r that is the trial of virtue, hut In li.al.s il»e
wound with his own pure touch. I!•* heeds nut tlie
watch-word of fashion, if it leads tosin; the ntlii -t,
" ho says not only in his own heart, hut " i<h his lips,
“there is no (»id,** controls him not ; ft- sees the
hand of a creating God and n juices in it.
Woman is sheltered by fund arm . and luvimr
council ; old age is pr<»t< cted !»y its experience :• r».I
manhood by it* strength ; hut the young in in stands
uniid the temptations of the world, like a self.hal.
anceil tower; happy lie who seeks and gain. the
prop of morality.
Onward, then, consccntioiis youth ' raise th\
standard and nerve thyself for goodm ss. It tJ id
has given thee intellectual power, awaken in that
cause ; never let it lie said of thee In* helped swell
the tide of sin, by pouring Ilia iufl rmv into its e.hati-
neli. Jf thou art feeble i?i ni'-utal strength, throw
not that drop into a polluted current. \ wake, arise,
young man ! atomic the heautiful garh of virtue •—
It is fearfully easy to sin : it is dilHcult to he pure
uni holy, Rut on thy strength then ! I« t thy chiv
alry be roused against error! ht the Truth lie tin
Lady of thy lovo—defend hor,—Southern /!'•< .
Sudden kfpbctj op tub mind ito.n tub hodv.
—l’laloused to say that all the diseases of the bo
dy proceeded from the soul. Says Mr. Will in hi
famous report; The « xpivssj m of thecountenance
is mind visible. Had n< \\ s weakens the action of
of the heart, destroys the appetite, oppresses tin
lung*, stops digestion, and partially suspends all the
functions of the system. An emotion id’ sham •
Hushes the face, fear blanches it, joy illuminates it;
nil instant thrill electrifies a million of nervi s.—
Surprise spurs the pulse into a gallop. Delirium
infuses great energy ; volition command*, and him-
dredsof muscles spring to execute. Powerful mo.
tion often kills the body at a single stroke. The
news of a defeat killed Philip V. One of the
Popes died of an emotion on seeing his pet monkey
rolled in pontificals and oceup\ ing the chair of state.
Mulev M iloch was carried upon a field «d'battle, in
the last stages of au incuruble disease—upon see
ing hi* army give way, he leaped from the litter,
. ted his panic-stricken troops, rolled hack the
tide of battle,shouted victory, and died. The door
keeper of the Congress of the United States < \|»i-
r«'d upon hearing of the surrender <if (Cornwallis.
Imminent public speakers have oft#'i died either in
the midst of an impassioned hurst of eloquence, or
when tile deep emotion to produce it had sed l« nl\
subsided. Thu recent case of Mills, in this city, is
fresh in the memory of ul]. lie was apprehended
on a charge of stealing goods from lus employer,
and taken before the police, and though in perfect
ii'-alth, mental ugou\ forced the blood from hi* nos
trils—4tc was carried out and died.—_Y. Y. Slur.
Real greatness has nothing to d » with a man’s
sphere. It does not li« • in the magnitude of his out
ward agency, in the extent of the cflects " liicli it
produces. Tho greatest men may do comparative
Jy little abroad. Pci Imps the greatest in our cit v
at this moment arc buried in ob*cunly. (irandeur
of character lies wholly in force uI soul, that i>. in
the force of thought, moral principle and love; and
this may he found iu the humid ^t rn <ilition nf life.
The greatest man i* he who choo.e i the right
with invincible resolution; "ho n-i>t* tlm sorest
temptations from within and without, who h ais
the heaviest burdens cheerfully ; w ho i^ calmest in
storms, and m »st fearless under inei
wIiom* lelianee on truth, on virtue
unfaltering. Among eomuioii pei»
more of hardship borne manfully,
uislied truth, more of religion* tri
generosity whieh givi > what the gi\
and more of a wise estimate nf lit *
among the more pro.*pi*rous.
CoNSl'MiTlON.—There is a dread disease whi h
so prepares its victim as it were for dead
so refines it ofils grosser asjH^'t, mid throw s around
familiar looks, unearthly indications of the eon
clmiigt—a disease iu whieh the struggle hetw
soul and body is so gradual, rpiiet and solemn, and
the result s<i sure, that day by day, and grain hv
grain, the mortal part wastes .and withers aw av, so
that the spirit gnovs light and singuiin* with it.
lightning l • td. uu l feeling immortality at hand
deems it bu; a new t.nil of mortal lile—u diseas,
in which death and life arc strangely blended, that
death takes the glow and hue of life, and life tin
gaunt and gristly form of dcuth—a disease whieh
medicine never cured, wealth warded oil*, nr poverty
could bou*t exemption from," hich sometimes mov
in giant strides, and *omctim< > at a tardv slug J
|Mice, but slow or quick, is ever sure and certain.—
Nicholas Nicllchy.
Could we hut only Imvc the heart oftho
laid open before us—could we hut see how i
and wrung by the evil passions that h irhor
it; could we but mark bow, even in the si
and most determined breast when Is nt upon
pur[K*H*8 nr engaged in wicked acts, tear and
prtdieiision go hand iu hand vv ith every deed of
while repentance, remorse mul punishment fnilew
more slowly, though not less surely, in the distance,
w lint an instructive, w hat an nwlid lesson it w ould he,
and how fearfully we should shrink back frail the
commission of the first crime, as the brink of a pro.
i ipice, which,once overleapt, dashes ns d iwu ov< r
a thousand (Hunted rocks, even into th * gulf of h* 'I
i|M If.
timiD IIumok.—Good humor is the clear bin*
sky of the smil on which c very -slur of talent will
khiue more clearly and tile sun of genius « ueoiinter
im vapor* in hi* passage. *Tis the most c.\qui*d<
Imauty ofn fine face ; a ri'dceming grace i i a home,
lyom . It is like the gn en ill the landse i|.e. liar-
inquiring with every color, mellow mg tin* gi.iri ■ «*i
tli« !»i i,glit, mid softening the line of the dark.
Tit'S Ukliuion.—If St. Paul were again l** up*
|*'Ur on • urth, since uli tl»c uml'ilhn cm deuoiniua.
tlull* of ehrmiiau* would el.dm him, w Inch woahl Im
cImmis* t The AfH.stle himself shall answer ; “PuiV
religion, uaU unlkliU d In for ' • »d, rind the laiilii r,
i» this- to Visit ||i< * lathi ib it nttil widow ill I tie I r
fcAli lie I, Mid t > f. < p liiniwU Utep -Kud Ii HI tin
Wojld."
• and frow
i Mod isn
w ill he found
nre of iinvar-
more of that
iccd.s himself,
I death, till
It to
delay
MiitJn'd. \'idtfn
M I
ion, hone
ith th. he
ing povvi i
’
hard inn
quantit 1
iv i! tn> y
.making,
virtu.allv
if :!i •
ml mv
v th** ia
is . Ido
upon
v y g
*, that t
« vp ic
,1 'ii
T.»
Mr. \
Mr. r
•ph w
Mr. f * .
the form
after d.
I'lnni'm
ten th*
af tlir
III ' MlVeme]
\Y
<, a caricat ir
s *anparisot
' ht hue—*ii,«I
who had!
a: hv no in
n /
ell do
(I genii**
'po***.l to blane* the young
g"iitt *rn**n who are tlm* rr )\vdiiig to the temple »»!
tin law, fir flime and fortiin**, h »«« ver vve may la
in* ,.t thi (Utility wad-hiiiipels th«*m on. Law is the
great avenue to <d!ie , to wealth, to distinction, to
1 -ashi hi—l>y common c msetii, and the find mistak* u
pan-nts an* generally ns sangnim* in tlndr anticipa
tions of’li iTiorand distinction as the .sons. There are
many distinguished an I minent law v'*rs, useful and
vvortoy i i-mb
many who nr** ■
than th**ir V'ishr
litigatio a—hut 1
Im■ rs of the com
•aeh iii his fu-
a living proof.
*oeu*fy t and there an; a great
ith : wise, whose wants, rather
I v. rv much to the increase of
night* have been useful mem-
e.altli, had they chosen a differ
ent and more suilnbl .sphere of action.
Now. if agriculture h* 1*1 tin* rank vvhi»*h legiti-
miiti l\ Is I mig' t** it in th( social scale—if it had
srh oils of instruct bin combining the ii-. ful v. illi the
•agre< aide, it is improlnhle, that one.halfbd* those
w Im nr annually crowding and hurlln ning the legal
prof* >sion, " mid h>-e en • useful cultivators of the
soil. Wli.at a va-l improvement this wouhl * rte*ct,
in af w year, in the eoiidition «d’our State—iu its
agrii ullure the l».*i t *<i Ms wealth, in the intellectu
al condition of it* i iliihifam*, and iu their moral and
<*e<»uoiui*‘.al liahits. Such schools, sh uibl they ever
l». « t.ahli bed ammg iis, either by the vvisd«>un»f
the legidature,nr the well directed ellorts of'indi
vidual patriotism, would soon annually scatter over
the state, hundreds of young men distinguish* I alike
for strength of mind, vigor of constitution, and ex
emplary habits. These would carry with them a
practical knowledge of tin best modes of farming,
the host implements, the best vends, the hot fruits,
and the best breeds of animals ; and
lure sphere of action, would hecoun
to those around him, ol'practif ability of improving
o n* agiaeiiltur**, amiau examiilc to them of good
habits ami good management. Wherever vve find
a good I inner, vve see the benefits of his example
in most of Hi »*<• a round him, which diminishes as he
recedes, \\ eir the good farmers multiplied at the
rate of four or eight hundred a year, as they might
b • through the inflm-ncc of schools of practical and
scientific agriculture, th** advantages to the state
would b incalculably great.
We are not agrarian in our opinions. We con
sider all pi*.dt'ssjoiis open to IV* e competition, and .as
iineful, when limited in their sphere and numbers.
If there is a privileged class in nttr community, it is
the intelligent independent tillers of the soil; not
that they are privileged by law, or by popular favor
—hut they nr** privileged by their Creator, in the en
joy ine-ut of a greater share oftemporal blessings, the
natural result of sober, industrious and contented
habits—than perhaps any other cIhk*. in the cnmmuy
nity. Our wish is to set* them intelligent and im
dependent, that they may enjoy the reward, and the
state the benefit. We ask for them no exclusive
public encouragement or bounty ; hut merely some
of the crumbs whieh fall from the public table, ami
whieh have heretofore, at least in soiih
stances, In i n lavishly, if not wickedly, squandered
upon far less worthy objrt ts. We wish to see ugri
culture brought forward from the shade, from tin
hack ground, where it lias been too long obscured
and degraded by ignorance and servib* apathy—
and to see the public bounty, like the sun and the
rains, whieh fructify the earth and cause it to bring
forth food for iiwmi, dispense I alike to allclas.es of
the coimiiuuiiy.—Boston Cu/lirntnr.
Tai.knt and Industry.—More is to he expect-
ed from lahoiiom mediocrity than from the erratic
efforts of a wav ward genius. There* may I*, a har
lequin in min I as well as iu body ; and I always
consider him to In* of this character, who boasted
that iie could throw off a hundred verses wiiih
standing on one leg ; it i* not to such a source to
tins that vve are indebted for good poetry. Demos,
tbelies elaborated s* nt * uce after sentence, and N
ton re.** to the h«’a\**us by the st«*j»s of geometry,
and slid at th • cl »> • of fiis can .*r, that it was only
in the habit of patient thinking lie was conscious of
differing from other men.
Hi; ve ry has so many clmrins, one knows not how
to speak against it; and when it appears that n
graceful figure is the habitation of a virtuous soul,
when the beauty of the fire speaks out the modesty
and humility of the mind, ami the justness of tin
proportion raise* our thought', up to the heart inn!
wisdom of the great l Veator, something may lie ul-
lowed it, and som thing to flu* embellishtnen
which set it off; and yet, wlien the whole apology
is p ad, it will Is* found at last, that U auty, Id.
truth, never is so glorious as w hen it goes the pl.iii
est.
•The Doc.
f a heronv-
w hell the
I i that diversified hook of Southey \s,
tor,” lie describes the tranquil pleasures
ed hu/» »n I in touching terms. The
keep every thing in the same state a
wife was living. Nothing was neglected that she
Would have done. Tile flower* were tended as
carefully as if she were still to enjoy their fragrance
and their h» aut v, and the hir L " ho came in winter
for thi ir crumb . were fed as duly for her -ake, as
thi v formertv wi*r« hv her hands.”
r. •
etnl Tho.
•ibing th
I' lit of tl.<
ie dang i
>:Uest "•:*•
•rpious a
: g *f »t 1 «
ir. thus
Van I!
id •* d
q.tio,
nv public
on uptioti
i m th** h
•.hnrart,
: hut n*>
/. The countiy "as fn*i
>.*• p«*op|** vv • p'ltriotie, and
tinted. II- wt vrrvi ilent par-
i*n at the time, no j» u ty, imr
ofa'iv party, was snq»oet*:d of
th • flat g* r is irifh n. the foe
■ g*i
f the country, and ii
rum* nt. A powerful fietio
J.) held together by h'»f»* -
i p. •ssioti
u (jiarty it e:
*»f public ph
The
titai i
thrm
• an* few vv
Hear dav
: I bri thi
l ltelm* beet
not at some
i*\iste
iso desolate
time shone
i >h, it is
"i.-k.il
1 ike I** inir in
l*mt upon
n Miminr
sea
Kvit.
in turn
nrcmnstamv
o(
routitl us
like t
|(» ripp’u
\\ t tun
uf iho waves
in tin* in >mi
il; s iii.
llenv
•n won ni
r« mi •*••*!
to aniiln ii|m»i
ih, like
••I« ;ir l.lti
• skx
mvl tli
hn alii nftinie wafts
line of til** hori/on,
•leu shore U wind,
nil s. • ms sunshine,
cloud’
Ir is a co
us gentlv, hut swiftly on our
points ou
and tells ii
And who
would lot
arils to th 1 .i r to im
• »f a bright and gol.
is there, that when
. around hint for a
III Its
H auk
•rror to suppose that t!»*
of a II.ink depend* on the amount of sqn
v m!t-. hut such a test can no m u . apply t
than nn iudivi.hi ’. Tin* farmer has hi* hinds m
iu*gr«* >. th*.'.ovv usm.m has l»ih Imu.m's and lor*.
M t ueith* i m iv hav a hundred *1 ia sjk ci
Moil! ' • I olituhl* . ily wll mv. uU 1. ail i t
|h opli* v'.'ire to have uile m »n* y nlttujt them when
can I- * made useful, A Hank, then, Iik*
ii .1. may have ii**ns on 11. mi test and in
propelty in tin State, au«! y* t !uve v< i v 1
Ii is not in i rs*ury loth* ^ ifly i*l * I*
nil** ihl liaw any *p* ci« tail, and fi** la
to e.uiijH l th * Hank* t . k* * p a cm tain
h|M , n* # o|** i iti* mainly in 1,< • j*.u'* *■ •*•
ally floating h tw* • u oin * ouutry, »u I n
i k-'Ulie v'oU.tli V , rii
ill i>i In ill.
-Ml** -I’ •
ilik Hint
-It bi
it, atnl ninrrhinp umli r a lir
■ii,-to tho vii-tnrn b lnnR th.* * ri-1i]■• ,** hns mail-
n. *ci s .f'nl war un our in-itittiti'ms, an-l - riwri-.l all
tho piiwcranil iartm.*ni*-of th- "ovr-rnni-nt into in.
nts -I (tain. Ainpl-r ni-ans for Iii*. pnrpo-n;
cfir—ly -vi r pin—d in th- hnnii.-. of a ilotni-
limit fact ion. With nvnilahlo moans, fivu tim-n
It runt-1* than is r-<piiis;il hythu li-itima'.i wants of
rnntrv ; witit lit-ailininitration of a h'tiinril-.ss
pnli'.i- (l .inni:i; with nnlimitoil -ontml. till tliu pas-
ftin*il-p.isit hill, over the pnlili- fnud, ami
throat'll tin mover the currency and bnnhing institn.
lions of the country, with I (Ml,(inn dependants on tb-
('overnm-nt ; and finally, with un orunni/.uJ, rigid
and si v-re system ofdiscipliuc, having its c-ntro in
Wnsliingtoti, and -xti nding in-v-rv dir-ction ov-r
the u ide circle of tin; country, a seen- of sp—illation
and corruption lias Is*-n open-;d, reaching from tho
-apitnl to tin* < ktr-mities, embracing tin* liiglt and
tin* low, llio>- iu and thus- nut of office, tin* like of
u liirb bus sonri'-iv ever -xistud und-r the most d-s.
poll- and profligate g'lV-rmiienl. It is this power
ful and corrupt combination, in actual possession of
tin* got rnm-til,against which the honest and patri
otic Inv-iiutv to wage ttar. Iti. against them,
that tho di jiosite hill was levelled. I shall not ven
turi to say, that the lilotv will lie effectual. It may
Is*, that corruption has struck its roots ton widely
and deeply to lie eradicated ; but I do assert, that
w illi >iil tne measure, there would not lie the slight
est hope of reform. Leave the immense surplus
in the hands of the government, with the means of
onlroliug th-circulation arid the hanking opera
tions of the country, and of making whatever dis-
hiirsement it pleased with th * view to purchani
state or imlividuujs, and how idle would ho tile hope
• *t reform t lint as it is, divested oftho surplus, with
tli- pubic deposites and tae depusitj hanks placed
under the prot-clim ol law, and beyond the control
of tit- executive the patriot may still hope. It is,
indeed a dawning—*i gleam of light to tlio.c wh >
love the country and its instd*. . ms. If we had no
other evidence of its efficacy, the stern and bitter
opposition, f w ill not say oftlie pnrtv, h it ofits more
prominent leaders, headed by the pr-si l-nt himself,
and Un-loud and continued w ailing of ail tho organs
of the faction ever since the passage ni' the bill,
would uf themselves afford sulii-ient. With such
an oppositiau it is wonderful that the measure was
ndoptisl; hut let m- add,ns an act of justice, that the
more wonderful tile passage oftho bill, the* more
lionornblo to the independent and sound portion of
tho administration party iu both houses, hv whoso
co-operation it was eff cted. When I saw so ma
la in the ranks oftlie party standing firm, and sneri-
Ii ing party attachments to love of country, on this
greatoceasiiat, under oil the pressure which was
brought to hear on them, new hope tor our rounlry
and its institutions revived in my bosom.”
/'Tiif. wav to no HesiNCss.—The greatest rN
volution in American s icictv for the last tiftv years
s—nis to he connected mainly w ith the business men
of the country. In “the good old Colony times,”
every tiling w as d me in tt manner totally unlike
the present. Thu ago was dillcrcnl,—the people
were dill-rent,—manners and customs were difTcr.
ent and every thing socially, morally and almost
every other way dill-rent. Ten thousand dollnrs
was then a Ininlsom- fortune,—twenty thousand
and thirty thousand dollars were great and immense
fortunes and moil were content, happy, satisfied
with them. Nnw 910,000 is nn mure titan a drop
in th- ii—an, and a mnn is considered hut little bet.
ter il he is not worth his forty and fifty thousand,
John .lac\slnr is reported to have said that a
in an iu the possession of half a million of dollars
is as well oil' a; though ho were rich, and ltis sub.
Unit’ notions of a fortune are but a little tnor
trnvng uit than tltoie of the hundred thousand in al
most every State ill the Union. All this is wrong
and the b -t way to go forward is to go hack to the
giiuil eld days of eotniuon sense, comm m honesty
and common industry. There is no royal road tu
w*i altli, and the fortunes gained hv tiny of the ille
gitimate means of getting wealth now*.a-.lays,—are
olieti-r a eui a* than a blessing to their possessors.
.Speculation we I not say is one of the tin—rtain
and disastrous events wliieli lias done much to injur,
states, citiiis, towns and people.—It nutters but lit
tle what kind of sp—elation a man engages in,
whether it lie in lands or in houses,—in public or
private works,—upon the oci an or upon /errs firm a.
All business is uncertain and every result doubtful
iu w Inch man wants either time and means to devot,
to that business. Ills head, heart and consoienei
must lie engaged in it. I h* must have his own eves
upon il, and with ordinary sagacity and judgment In
can hardly fail in his undertaking. This we b-lievi
was the way business w as usually done in the older
times, and the way we are sure in which it ought to
he 1 ransacle.L It was the way with many we could
nniiie who grew rich gradually but certainly,—who
ae. piire I their fortunes not hv parsimony hut by
—hv attending to tie ir own business rath-
nr than by attending to the business of their neigh-
lairs,—by industry rather than direct idleness or
half-way attention,—hv a personal supervision of
ill. ir allitirs rather than hv entrusting tlieir interests
with agents, who howeverhonr U or It twever eapa.
hie, cannot in the nature of th igs do ns well for the
employer as the employ er can d i lor himself. You r
man who gets rich in a hurry iu four eases out of
live will grow poor in a hurry. As his wealth costs
him labor lie values it. As it is easily obtained
most generally It- is indifi't rent to it, and the result
of this indiirerciiou is not merely an inattention to
save Iiis money hut the worse result of making ex-
pendiuircs winch not only empty the purse hut what
is worse prm ale the w avs and means for had habits,
idleness, intemperance, iVe. Again, firtunes tie-
ipiired m a hurry are not only often spent in n hur-
rv lint they* afford led little substantial happiness to
til. *ir possessors. Money thus possessed is roll-
-..I ri I nwimlfill,— ometliiiig which costs nothing
and w hieli is not theref ire valued. It gives to the
p Hs.'s..or none of those enviable feelings which tho
noor man lias who earns hi- bread by the sweat of
his ft. -, or which the man in moderate circunvttun-
e *s h is. w lio has a.**] ’ii *d a competence hv patient [
j t*'il aad g to I habits, l )ar advice is the pray er ..f
'■ A • ir.—- neither p*o* rt nor riches," noagli to |
'* I ensure the e niil.irts of lile h it not enough to tempt I
* | one t i fir>* auin;itii*i*t .Iv and spend tli-’ii* time in ri-
I nig. lie I'll r, n.*M r teake h iste t i get rii '
for if v ,u do tt a tootle you die a beggar,
/’nr/,,in / .|di* lent.
T
mi upon the little ne
i I up ni tin* great: tin
•ly
it it riguea
•nt 'I the i
I'oiliid *o h-
oaU part ol the If,. ■ i I* ,|
' , r*. s tjr a full' ^position of t'.n ea isea which
i r-n l-r-l that - * pit—-ssaiy,
I'tn *aus-s nu I tlieirojiomli nt will he treated !
a na' tonal point of »iew, merely, and w itimid .
■l'-ri*ne- to either of the polili *al parte - into
w Inch tho nation ia dividad. To lliis end it wide j
i. a v to take a r-tro-p-etive glanet .
Tin; p ace of MIS, font, I the country involv .1
i i nan am I ill lit of niiout run Imudri il ami twenty \
in ion of dollars, some of it held abroad, hut In
firtfn di rporlionat h-iine. 'I'his was r-gardod
a a h :::lien, and the policy of the government was
1 i ig and s'.rt inn :sly direct, d to its i xtiuguishm-nt.
'1' I a *.*otiijdi-li tliis object a surplus revenue, d. riv d
wh A frjm tin* fruits of foreign commerce and
til, j.,.,,. dsof the piildie lauds, was the -s i!e re* 1 i -
(a*. Hit, which Ivn contributed solargdyto
the advance of t n: prosperity of the country, w a
greatly extended, the Banking Instituti ms f stcrod
and th-w hole policy of the (ieiteral O iverntnctit
set mi d dir— t-d to tiie expansi m -if coiium ree, and
the increase of the tribute whieh it shall pour into
her eotli-i.s.
Tin first day of the year Hdo, exltikltrd to th *
world the iiuprce alented spectacle uf a nation free
from * Id.—That proud distinction belonged to these
I . .Stat-s.—The heavy obligation whieh had h-eti
ineerre.l by tin* pro.s-cuti *:i of two su.*c ssfulwnra
had In en i xtingiiislteil chiefly through th-instill-
mentality of the credit and commerce of tho conn-
try enriching b ith the nation and individuals. Such
nu epoch was well calculated to cause a jubilee to
he liidd on the occasion, as it did, at the Metropolis,
by tin* dignitaries of .the government.
With th- extinguishment of the public debt a new
era was opened, but tile accumulation of revenue
h-y mil the wants of the government did not cease
imr diminish with the diminution of these wants.
The stimulus that had been so abundantly adminis
tered, caused the revenue to continue to increase in
nn extraordinary ratio, when it was no lunger culled
for, i,ml could not In* legitimately used. Under tin;
emu.uragement which had thus been given for the
purpiso of raising revenue from sales of the pub-
lie iiomain and from imports, th- amount derived
fri in the fnrmer was increased between 1994 and
1 -:>ii, from 9fi.Wlfi.081 to 929,089,102, and the
amount of foreign imports from 812(j.r>21,992, to
ft!*!!,08.1,035, and tho surplus revenue accruing
therefrom iu the short space of *2 years amounted
to hut little less than forty millions of dollars.
That surplus. Congress, with the sanction of the
Kx-cutive, directed to he distributed among the
States.
In July, 189fi, measures were commenced by the
head of the Treasury Department to carry the law
into execution, Oftlie manner in which this xvos
done, or of the skill or judgment exorcised on the
occasion, il is deemed unnecessary here to oiler nn
opinion; hut with the beginning of the execution of
that law, the previously seeming prosperity that had
existed received a severe und sudden cheek, and dif.
tieulties and embarrassments both to tho Govern-
incut and people rapidly succeeded.
The monetary nfiairs of the whole country were
convulsed—millions upon millions of coin were in
transit it in every direction, and conse.|uently with,
drawn from useful employment. Specie was go
ing up mid down the same river, and from and to
the South und the North, mid the Last and West,
at tiie same time j millions were withdrawn from
their usual and natural channels, and forced against
the current of trade in literal fulfilment of the dis
tribution law, to points where public money bad pre
viously never lieon either collected or expended, ex
cept to a very limited extent. The consequences
were obvious and inevitable. The duties which
were imposed oil tile banks, acting us agents of the
Government nt tlint time, become so onerous that
many of them were obliged, in the space of a little
more than three months, to appeal to tliu Treasury
Department for indulgence in the fulfilment of the
requisitions imposed upon them. The fidelity with
which the hanks performed tin* duties enjoined upon
them onthnt occasion, under tho most trying circum
stances, and the transfer of nearly sixty millions of
dollars of public money, in the period of a little
more than six months, elicited front the Chief Ma
gistrate of tiie Union, in his annual Message of
December, lStfii, the award of the highest enco-
miuins.
It was not these difficulties alone which had he-
fallen the country, and against which tliu hanks Imd
to contend. Tito impulse which had been given to
enterprise, and which had produced a spirit or im-
provident speculation, had led to an excess of for-
eign imports beyond our exports in tho year 1835,
of 821.202,105, and in l83li, of $1)1,310,(105 ;
making an aggregate of excess of imports over tiie
exports in two years of 980,519,100. This crea
ted a direct demand on the metallic medium of tho
country,and a ilruft on tliu vaults of the hanks. In
their operations the difficulties 11—nine so oppressive
on (lie country, its business and tho hanks, that the
latter sought to give relief by a suspension of spe-
cie payments in May, 1837, which was nearly si-
nmluinoous throughout the Union, without any pro-
concert of action whatever.
We now pass over the interregnum between the
suspension and resumption of specie payments,
which took pin—.generally,in August, 1838. That
period, it is well known, most of the banks in Phil,
adelplii.i believed at tho time to he too early to un
dertake tt successful resumption with benefit to the
couutry. Kvents have confirmed the justice of
that view. But public opinion seemed strongly in
favor of the measure, and tho hanks acquiesced in
it, tit mgh hut illy prepared, and indebted in large
balances toother places which had accumulated .In-
ring the period of suspension, and were subject to
he called for on the instant, and were so called for
to u large amount on the very day of resumption iu
specie.
Intimately connected with the subject which lias
called fir this exposition, nru others, the most pr i.
minent of which is the system of creating state
debts to a vast extent, for tho purpose of prosecu
ting public w orks. Nearly simultaneously with tiie
great increase and accumulation of the public re.
venue, there arose mi extensive spirit for internal
improvements. This was the signal for the cron-
tion of debts by ninny of the states in the Union,
in the adoption'iif tho measures for whieh party do.
eisions were forgotten, and nil united in tlteirudvo-
eaev. In addition, stocks to a large amount were
created hv several of the States to provide capital
for hanking purposes. The stocks lints brought in
ti existence found, for a time, a ready sale ahead,
us an investiment by f.reign capitalists. This
Seemed to encourage tile spirit of enterprise and to
augment tho number *>f projects calling for capital
to carry them out. To the encouragement thus gi.
veil tuthe States to persevere in tins |Kilic) the Gen
eral Government has been a contributor, as well as
foreigners and our own citizens, by tho investment
of several millions of dollars ol trust funds held
for the aborigines, iu the stocks most recently issii-
i d of some of the newest and least popill.al, of the
States. Tiie pdieyol these extensive engage,
meals and un let-takings, it is not now our province
to ptestion or defend. That must he t-steil by lit**
productiveness of the improvements, nr the hurt!am
which lh-\ max impose upon the State., t In thing,
however, is certain, that mainly through their in
strumentality the country has exchanged a national
debt at h >m . n qitiring li.. nr six imlti ms of dol-
I II S aim i.illy to pay the interest uf il, to state debts
ri q firing t. nn l*l to 12 millions of dollars annual
ly, 11 m -t the inter. >1 accruing on that portion of
win* li this has
i id in n.anil *'t
w i.i tae s fiij.cl we arc con*. I
wlMI III * fact i< stated, tiiat r.d ta ■ • a. i* • .* pur-I
eh. ed from lor. igu firui-r- hav i.* -it , . I * ]
ia tho s|s;eic of tno «* miry only. Tiie , .• ■. • 1
ya *.r has been au i vimtlul ol.-. id tin* gn* ol lie j
timet are not w ilhotit their i-i*. Ik*dag* ol i.d . i —
nl evil* 11 swell the cat il*i-i of those which uav.
air* a ly o-euru d.
I liigland, tin; centre of lit- couiui.Tcial world, lias
experii need, and now lab .ring under n gr at r. > i.-
siun in I- r monetary nifiirs. Tu- sp —■ ia tn
vaults of In r N ttiniinl Bank ha* sic. - in • (ir-t -t
the year, sunk from lll.ll.'i ..Itllti/ to3fififitMi(l/tlt-r* '.
nboiits, tho reduction in amount b-ing us lias ls*-n
stated by tlv* Ghatie. llor of the l'ixeltequer, about
the value of the bread st nil’s which that country has
been uliligi I to procure from th- continent to supply
the deficiency in the Knglish crop the last year.
The value of money has increased them from its
usual rate (about three percent) to six percent per
annum, and prophecies have been sent from thence
by every vessel for tiie lust three mouths, und pro-
mitigated through this country, that the Bank of
Kngland was on tho eve of suspending easlt pay
ments.
This state of things iu Kngland has reacted upon
this country with irresistible force. Thu credit ol
our States has been completely para listed ; they cun
no longer negotiate iimiis there j numerous public
works have consequently liven arrested iu an unfit!
ished state, and must remain unproductive, while tiie
interest on the debt already contracted abroad must
be paid.
Some nf our moneyed institutions, which in hours
if difficulty, had furnished the .State with the means
of discharging tlieir obligations to tho laborers on
th- public works, on the faith of reimbursing them
selves from abroad, have found, from this sudden
frustration, their active means unexpectedly dimin
ished. Anxious to fulfil tlieir legitimate functions,
they had, in some eases, hypothecated the loan
tifieates of the States with the foreign capitalist,
and applied the money received on them to faeili-
tate the operation of our merchants and ntntmfa
Hirers, when tho present pressure commenced. But
it has gone un increasing in both hemispheres, and
instead of sales being effected of the stock hypothe
cated, th-institutions are called upon to refund the
money borrowed, or to w itness a degradation of
credit which would be a greater misfortune than nnv
imaginable sarrifico of property. Thus situated,
no alternative remained, but to coerce payment from
their debtor^ at home, who were nlrea.lv in a state
of exhaustion, and whose ruin would hut linvc ng
gravated the existing evils.
But we cannot even here close tho detnil of ills
against which the country is now struggling, and
will he found to struggle for snmo time to come.
There remains to he added the vast quantity of for.
-ign merchandise, which lias been poured in upon us
for a market, to swell the amount of our imports du
ring tiie present year far beyond the proceeds of our
exports. Tin* amount of these imports has doubt
less been much increased hv tho gradual reduction
of our tnritl', operating ns a check upon the products
of our homo manufactories. The estimated pro-
cecils of our exports will be also greatly diminished
by the decline in the price of our chief staple, cot
ton. in foreign markets.
Tho various disturbing cnttses above adverted to,
have boon operating upon the country, nnd gradu
ally gaining intensity for tho lust throe or four
months.—Immense amounts of the precious metals
have already been exported within that period ; it
is believed that the port of Now York alone has
witnessed the departure of probably not less than
ten millions of dollars, the fruits chiefly of her col-
lections for the sales of foreign goods, hero nnd
elsewhere, livery packet fur Havre has carried
large quantities of our silver, to increase tho rum-
lirous amount of useless millions piled up in the
Bank of France; the packets of Kngland de
parting every fivu days, all take their quota: and
the great steamers, each with her millions, vie with
oaolt other in accelleratiug tlieir speed, tu replenish
with our means, ere it lie too late, tiie exhausted
vaults of tho Bank of Kngland, un institution which,
notwithstanding its vast resources, hacked hv the
credit oftlie Government, has Imd to seek tempora
ry support to prevent or postpone her great rival
across the channel.
This export, enormous as it has been, we regard
as but the beginning. Already has the demand he-
come so great, cither for export, or to replace in the
Banks that which has been taken from them for ex-
port, that we see tho specie leaving the remotest
parts of tin: Union, by tho waters of tho Mississippi
and various other routes, in vast sums, which no
sooner reach our seaports than it is placed on .ship
hoard, and transferred to a foreign land.
Tho position of Philadelphia,ut this crisis, was of
peculiar importance considered in reference to tliu
great question of a suspension of specie payments
at the present time. Her Banks resumed in Au.
gust, 1838, as has already been shown, in oliedieucu
to public sentiment, hut aguinst tlieir own judgment.
It was as obvious then, us it is now, that from her lo
cal position,'being the great distributer, to the West
und South, of the products of our Haste rn manufac
tories, nnd of those from abroad, imported chiefly
at New York, the banks of this city could not pay
specie for nil the obligations incurred by our mer-
climits here, unless they could receive it from their
debtors. Accordingly, great efforts were made to
enable tho Institutions of the South, which were the
most enfeebled, to resume with us simultaneously.
Cash was* advanced, and credits liberally furnished
by some of our Banks, to accomplish this object
In tho reduced slate of business nt that period,
those credits were readily made available, and th
means thus furnished went into the coffers of the
merchants, here nnd elsewhere, who had debts ii
the South and West for their liquidation. But th>
country had not had time to recuperate from tho
prostration of 1837.—The obligations given for tin
means supplied by our banks cannot now be met;
after a short struggle, the Institutions of several ol
the Stales bank again; the increase of business sinci
the resumption, in tliu belief by our citizens that thi
difficulties had been .surmounted, requires the means
that l a I been advanced for the ah >ve patriotic oh
j—t, while tin* debt of the South, which was post
poned in 1838, requires n farther postponement
At a season ufsue.li universal prostration, it w ill
lie easily seen how this requirement operates upon
this City and Iter Institutions. The grave question
was, coulJ they, under all the general disadvantagi
w hich Imvc Isreti considered ill a national point of
view, and under those more special, arising from
their local position, continue to pay the necumnlat-
ing demands of tin* next three months in coin, by
pursuing any course of policy which could h.* point
ed out ! Wc reply they could not; they might it is
line, have protracted tin* struggle for some tini.
longer,und by a relentless course towards tlieir deb
tors lime ruined our traders, nnvsted the income
front our public works, depopulated our facturies of
their industrious occupants with tlieir families ; but
had all this beendoni it would not Imve been suffi
cient to Itavo averted tho impending e.ttu*.tropin*;
mu* could any sacrifices which the banks had if,a
th. ir power to make, have deferred il long. Th-
e immunity, we are sure, wdllie.tr witmss that to
hanki have not shrunk from tlieir duty in striving
for months past to surmount these difficulties, and
preserve th-onlv true currency, coin,at the ii.,1, ot
sacrificing a.I tin *,• inv.iliialile interests,
Fi tiling th w ciT. ; * im lit etu d, and satisfies o ••
til- list of preventive.* had ba ll exhausted, the
bulks tv irli'd to thi onlv !ilti*rna.iv . i l-iii.iiiarx
. nllil nu ! their
onstitutc
Wi
i .i i tnih-.s'iie,
rniii.ntion not to
.* it of their n :!
til.
- ir p.
purl of tV I,,,ni,,
avail tii—ni*, Ives uf .
* in sp-iv tocag qr, „i
■tiMon ot tti. ir business. nm| j v u (l p
w. hd.ovi that tilt* ciirreiu'v ninv Is*
1 * Kind. i idition, and tha b ni,,,*
the eo nry Ik* transacted without any ofUmm sc*
ito.s difficulties w! i i * * i soim* uppr-h-nd, until the
day of resumption shall ng tin arrive, when all i, u
torests shall he fully pr-patvd Ibr it.
A UtutTEa on me Times.—That th- times
are hard,and “money dexilish tight,” ft.,.re j s
denying. Many of our business men exhibit lorn,
faces nt inon in spite of the good things we -.*«
them picking tip at market in tii • morning. But
they are better used to good living than had treat,
m nt by the Banks, nnd being “a little poorly in the
"av." goes harder with tilt iii than those who
live in big cities, and are hardened hv severe kick,
ing nnd scant feeding. If it is nnv’ comfort to a
poor .soul Ho hear that the sufferings of his neigh,
hors arc worse than his own, then it mny he mi I
that our business men arc enjoying, by comparison,
a blissful condition. We hear cv. iy day from somu’
one returning from n visit to tho North, that it is
downright nonsense for us here, iu our small snug
way, to complain nlicut pressures, and hard times,
and all that sort of thing. “ If you only knew, sav
they, •• now dreadfully they are harassed in the
great overgrown cities of the North, and what scull''
ling and shuffling, and what sfiifts and sacrifices
they are compelled to resort to, in order to keep
tlieir heads uIkivc water, you would pronounce your
condition to he ns easy ns nn old shoe.” So.it will
he seen, that affairs are not so bud with us but wltut
they might lie a great deal worse. Well, there is
some comfort in that; and if it wont release us
from the Bank screws, it ought to cheer up our spi-
rits to hear their pressure without desponding.
Let us look our troubles iu tin* face, if not with tho
scowl of defiance, atlenst w ith an air of quiet in.
difference, nnd we shall find the struggle to sur
mount them much slighter than it appears to he.
Dreadful is the agony of the mind which gives way
to gloomy anticipations. Let tts therefore wrestle
with trouble as it meets us, and above u!l avoid n
rencontre with it in odvuncc. The times are in.
deed full of trouble, am! sacrifices must, iu somu
cases, he submitted tu ; hut let us not plague our
selves with the notion tliut they are worse timu they
really are, or that they must continue to grow
worse. We must have a little patience, and all will
work right before long. It is folly for tho marine r
to expect a succession of fair weather nnd favoring
gnlis, in making a voyage on the ocean; and it
would not ho more wiso lor the merchant who em
barks in commercial speculation at the mercy of tho
Banks, to looso sight rtf his liability to pecuniary
storms and vicissitudes,and the losses and the cros.
ses which are incident to his vocation. But reverse
tiie comparison, and the prudent mariner will he nl.
ways prepared to stem the angry tempest; with
some loss, indeed, as it mny happen; hut without
shipwreck ; nnd tho judicious merchant who is al
ways mi tin* lookout fur the breakers, may moot with
hard knocks, but without breaking himself. Banks
are to the trading community what the winds and
weather are to the seafarers : there is no getting on
without them. And yet it will not do to rely un
them at ull times ; for at one moment they mny ho
cheering you on to the utmost of your desires, nnd
in the very next playing the old harry with you ; and
il you are nuf wide awake and well prepared, tuny*
take the ship all aback, or throw her on her beam
ends. It may ho, however, that the utmost pru
dence und precaution arc sometimes unavailing to
save us from the effects of the throes and convul
sions of tin* money market; in that ease it becomes
us to meet mir reverses with firmness anil equani
mity, and to look upon them ns a part of the destiny
awarded us (no doubt for wise purposes,) in our
earthly pilgrimage. Kxpericnce is a severe
teacher, hut its lessons, if rightly applied, are inva-
limbic ; nnd,
“ Sweet nrc the men of Adversity,
“ NVliirli, like tin* lout!, only unit \eiiuiitoti*,
“ Wears yet u precious jewel i:i its hcml.”
Norfolk Herald.
Galvanic Teleorai’m.—\Vo observe that the
managers of the Groat Western Railway have ul.
ready adopted the new galvanic mode of communi
cating intelligence upon their road. The follow ing
description is from a London paper; and the Liver
pool Mercury, in introducing it, states tlint the rate
at whieh the electric fluid travels Ims been discover,
oil, by accurate experiment, to be not less than 200,
000, miles in a single second of time ! “The space
occupied by the case containing the machinery
(which simply stands upon a table, und can he re
moved nt pleasure to any part ofthc room)is little
more than that required for a gentleman’s hat-box.
The telegraph is worked by merely pressing
small brass keys, (similar to those on a keyed bugle,)
which, acting (by means of galvanic power) upon
various hands placed upon a dial-plate at tho other
end of the telegraphic line, as far as now opened,
point not only to each letter oftho alphabet, ns each
key may ho struck or pressed, but the numerical by
tho same means, ns well us the various points, from
a comma to a colon, with notes of admiration and
interjection. There is likewise a cross (x) upon
the dial, which indicates that when this key is struck
a mistake has been made in some part of the sen-
tenee telegraphed, and that an erasure is intended.
A question—such, Ibr instance, as the following :
‘How many passengers started from Drayton by
the ten o’clock train?’—and the answer, could ho
transmitted from the terminus to Drayton and hack
in less than two minutes. Tliis was proved on .Sat
urday. This mode of communication is only com-
plctedns fur as West Drayton, which is about tliir-
teen miles and a half from Paddington. There are
w ires (us may l>c imagined) communicating with
each end, thus far completed, passing through a hol
low Iron tube, not more than an inch nnd a half iu
diameter, which is fixed about six incites above tliu
ground, running parallel w ith the railway, and about
two or throe feet distant from it. It is the intention
of the Great Western Rahway Company to carry
the tube along the line ns last as completion of the
rails takes place, and ultimately throughout the
whole distance to Bristol. The machinery, and
the mode of working it, nru so exceedingly simple,
that a chil l who could rend would, after nn hour or
two’s instruction, he enabled to transmit and reecho
information.
iiill' rent pails ul th
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4 uf fill i<«ri
*.» in f.»
M,f.,
iii 1,1*. is uiion ofuur ii.t-ruil im*
Lisorvt
uii'J ilK'ir ft
I’id
«,d jr.ng
M.Ull)
llbC " l»uU if
pfiiVWlIH 11
•» und
tag too,». m i) nit wtilt confiti' i*'
IloMMiNi Pc tint nu.—An excellent pudding may
he made as follows : Take half a pint of fine Itom-
minx*, soak it one night; in the morning boil it two
hours, and then proceed the stime as in making
rice p'lddiug. Tilt: addition of an egg or two im-
proves it.
A:; Ancient Despatch.—ltis related in Iicrodo-
tus licit Hist.ills, tiie Milesian, being kept prisoner
h\ I) tri.ts, and ull correspondence cut oil', he shaved
! a nt in’s head, wrote tt d—qmtrh upon it, and then
I k-,it the null out of sight till ltis hair wus grown.
'I’ll-living letter was then sent, and th- person, to
whom In* was nd.lress.sl, upon shaving the messen
ger's head, found the news there inscribed.
Uski.fss Ornami nts.—The N—w Orleans Pi* ayIItil*
is out Hga.ust the custom of wearing liiiL*' r rings, I reas'-
Lulls, go ul rii.iuis, A<*. It si)’*:—*'w.* Inv-about as
high nil niuiiiou of the mic lert nt an Ind.iui squ iw w l">
, I Is bead* riMii.l li-r ne< k, *r tli- g'«*l sense "• ■» l *
r i ,n wh i *u«|»*ml* brass r.ng Irani li'« Il i».d organ, ns
w- Inve nl tli * I.rami' - lop who v.iiunt.ar.ly enters tin*
,A iiK-ging, ami enrtinil.cn. In- J" rson wall, baubles.
I ii., :i I’ham <•> gold *»i .iii-iif iIiaiiioimIs give lirdlianry
to tin* eye I Does a lira*■Ii ..I st.emsl : i.v, till* side ol
ar.irr.ago* window, ugh H be Id a
t ml to blush ol III < bn I. «t do t" »i‘* »*"-» '*■"
the linger* iimre t ip.mg ! Tli .nt.'Ui ot wearing a
•un. .flinty "I *n> h „ ■ *■"< trinket* t* *d> in iwld*. - 11
,t thing bu* good trate, more particularly
• : '* • M • ' ' ‘
i„, ,,(.|un*, WC. I|-. I|;,..|» I.i. III. tiller ro|.*»l • ■'»*
,.m„ •leam-bwal. or linger i.ngs tint wniilil .ii'liain a
i iilnril, is in our op ...o'. .I'hririlt "I th.' l».e»*ary
w. ..*l,t id lirasu*—s> mail with i p«rually t imi.le d at-
t it ilyM."