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XHE (JEOllGIA JOURNAL
IS PI7BLIIHKD WKKKI.T ST
PUT E KSO N T II W K ATT,
PROPRIETOR,
AT TURSR dollars per annum, in AnVANCE,
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FOUR MONTHS.
fw leave to aril NKtiltOK.S, mud hr puhlishcd for FOUR 1
gOVTHS,before any order nhiolnte "ball bn made thereon by tin*
« of tSiakintl eontinnea topecolve prompt nttention at the
nor*ef the UF.DtlOt \ JOURNAL.
RB4ITTA.VCKS BY MAIL A
inlitur to the puhlUher of ■ nowan . . .
•tori ajMon.i «J frank the letter, if writtonby hi*
jiU, P. Jf. O
POETICAL.
Tilt: CHAPTER OF MISSES.
Tim tlc.tr Mtttett wo mol with in Ufa,
Wlint hope* ttnd wlint fanra they nwnken!
Ami when n mmi’n InkittR n At it* for hin wife,
Me is Mitt-loin* well na Mi** token.
When I courted Mia* Kid, himI obtained the firnt kisi
I thought in the warmth of inv passion,
Tlmt I’d ttinde great hit in thua coining a, Mitt,
Rut ’twas only a Mitt-calc illation.
For so many Miutct nnrroutided Mist Kid,
W ith in** and m.v love inteifaring ;
A jealous Mitt-b utt pul into her head
That ahe might not to give mo a hearing.
There’* a certain Mitt-chance that I met »ith one dai
Who ne’er *ei my hopoa to iif-trtictioii.
For *li« It.td ft suspicion of all lluil I might sny—
And all owing to one Mitt construction.
iirodttced Mits-nudcratn
When tn make her my wife 1 exultingly swore,
Mitt belief uinde Iter doubt my intcotion,
And I nearly got wed to Mitt-fortune, before
1 could wead her from Mitn-opprchcnsion.
Rut when nlte no longer would yield.to Mitt-doubt
Nor he led by Mitt reprctentalion,
glift had with Mitt-like it aetio is fall out,
And to wed felt no more her it at ton.
Rill when lit the church to he murtied we went,
Mitt-like made tin fat pnraon linger.
And I was annoyed by an awkward Mist-fit,
I could not get the ring on her finger.
Hating been so Mttt utedI kept a strict watch,
Though I still lived in fear of Mitt carriage ;
I found oui, too late, that an unlucky Mist-Match
Interfered with the loysof our mnrringp.
Mitt ru'.e in our dwelling made every thing wrong
M itt-management there took her elution ;
Till my cash, like the lime I take writing my song,
Was*all vvuated liv Aits* application.
POLITICAL.
TO THE PEOPLE OP GEORGIA.
Fellow .citizens :—Wo were deputed by the
Whig Convention, recently assembled ut Mil lodge-
ville. to commune with you oil the several subjects
hicli called them together, and which occupied
their deliberations when convened. The disiar. e
which sepurntes the members of the Committee,
and the individual nod pressing engagements of
some of them, have prevented an eat lier dischn^o
of this duty. We enter upon it now, with a full
tense of the magnitude of the tusk, which has been
devolved upon us, and of our inability adequately lo
perform it, but with an anxious desire, that the peo
ple nf Georgia may be awakened to a just consid
eration of the present condition of our public affairs,
tnd in its influence upon these, to the importance
»fa discreet selection of those to whom their future
direction is to he entrusted. The Convention in
|w|io<e behalf we address you, took into considera
tion the political condition of the State, and of the
lUoion. It became their duly to recommend to
vou h candidate for the office of Chief Magistrate
of the State, to consider the state of our representa
tion in the Federal Legislature, and to reconsider,
iml affirm the nomination of Georgia’s chosen can-
didale for the Chief Magistracy of the Union.
In their helm If, we proceed to discharge as brief-
lynsvvc mnv, the duty which bus been committed
to us. That our country in every portion of it, is
Iweighrd down by the pressure of a great and un
sampled suffering; thut our own State in partic
ular, has experienced, and is experiencing a sad
and melancholy deterioration of the condition, and
a painful diminution of the comforts of our people,
are truths, the evidence of which meets us at every
turn. Blmsed with a propitious climate, with a for-
fils and varied soil, with un extent of territory, cn
pable of affording all the comforts and enjoyments
of life, to a much more numerous population, than
is to be found within our borders, with most of the
I natural products which minister to the conven
ience of man, with an intelligent, industrious and
tntcrprisiug people, and with political institutions,
which wisely and faithfully administered, are nd.
•nimbly calculated to develnpe and unfold these nat
ural advantages of our position, and to secure to
ust very rational enjoyment, we are tempted to en
quire, whence this pressure, why this suffering,
’‘herefore this general, universal embarrassment ?
It is not intended to answer those enquiries, by on.
tering into a dotuiled consideration of the causes,
which have led to this condition of things, but a brief
Jtccuirence to some of them, in their more immedi
ate connexion with our present difficulties, may aid
u» in determining the most efficient means of re
moving them.
A very few years have passed away, since the
universal prosperity of our agricultural, commer
cial, and manufacturing interests gladdened the
l»od. Abundant harvests found a ready market,
aad t'uo industry of our people in whatever form it
was exhibited, and whether it nought ltd return nt
|horne. or abroad, received an ample reward. We
•iood before the nations of the old World, at one
*''d the same moment, in all the activity of youth
Jud in ail the vigor of manhood. Of our enterprize,
Mtnergy; of our industry and skill; of the hon-
urablc fidelity, with which we fulfilled our engage.
"*«uts; and of the boundless resources, which cul
H these qualities into exercise, the evidences were
|l#furo them. We had a currency, which was not
aly every where equal, throughout the whole ex-
||«nt of the confederacy, and every where convert-
'Me into specie on demand, but which commanded
re.spect. and enjoyed the confide, ce of the great
l^tnercial nations of the world, and our commerce
Nil foreign, and domestic, found n corresponding
•fevelnpuinent. A tendency to misrule, hud indeed
‘ready inanifustcd itself. The corrupting inffu-
I'ftcesof the principle, which made unfaltering do.
N'»n to the military Chief, who was then Lord of
eascendant, the sole test of patriotism, were be-
Ning to be felt. Uut it required time to break
|tkroif^»|) the wholesome restraints, with which the
| ,| “!" f n «f our ancestors hud fenced us, against the
wits of die demagogue, and as yel the nation
•ved steadily onward in the plain and beaten path,
'Wli our fathers had traced out for us. We were
lined soon however to be cast on u boundless,
H unexplored ocean of experiment- The war
"*»*t the Bank of the United States, the seizure
h'lwdepoftiu, the issuing of I lie specie circular.
niniiiitioit of tile pel hunks, and their subsequent
Witless destruction, to give place to the Sob.lien-
* r . v i above all, the principle which prompted and
pded these measures, the determination to pros-
i d»f legislative department of the Cioveriimeni.
Ni'»«*tubli*h un its roios, Itxecuiive Supremacy
r ! «e.H* arc the measures, and this the principle,
j, kb diftiinguished the udininisl rat ions of General
*k"on, m,d M,- \r,,„ ||nreti, anti inflicted it wound
?wm w bicli the nation bat not yet been able to re
"*er.
To sustain the Federal Bxocutive, irt tlii'*
i for uucumrulled domittiou, it necessary
J. II. STEELE ds P. TIIWKATT, Editors.
tn«t lie aliould look fop allies in tlie several States,
among the people, with a view to the popular
branch of the national Legislature ; and in the res
pective Legislative botltee, that through their agen
cy* ff'e Senate of the Union might he reorganized
to conform to his will. This alliance waste be so-
cured by the ftee use of the Executive patronage,
and it wnsusrd accordingly, and with the desired
effect. In our own Slate, in particular, so poten-
tial was the will of General Jackson, that every
man was ostracized from the public service, who dal
not bow the knee to this Chaldean Huai ; and his
successor, always rejected by Georgia, was permit
ted (so powerful is the influence of Federal patron
age) even lie was permitted, lo envelope himself in
the flowing mantle of his statelier predecessor, and
to exact the homage which had been accorded to
him who wore it. From this moment, we have dos
cetided with rapid strides from the elevated posi
tion which we had heretofore occupied. Our lead-
ing men, those who for some years past, have had
the management of our public affairs, have been
more distinguished by their zeal as partizans of the
Federal Executive, than by their regard for the in-
taresls of the Stale, Instead of devoting themselves
to the advancement of those interests, to the regu
lation of our State finances, to such nn husbanding
of its vast, and u >w wasted resources as would have
lessened the burden of luxation, preserved utiblem-
islied tho fuith of the State, and furnished u fond for
internal improvement, and the education of the
poor; instead of fostering by wholesome legisla
tion, the domestic industry, and enterprize of our
people, and facilitating their cnmmur.icu'ion with
each other, and with their sister States, by a vigor
ous prosecution of works of internal improvement,
instead of doing these things, or any of them,our op-
ponents huve seemed to consider thnir chief duties
to he those which devolved upon thorn, ns an ntix-
iliur, or branch of the great democratic parly, whose
head quarters were at Washington, and whose
edicts have been their law. To keep the party cm-
bodied, and in force sufficient to control the elec-
lions, lo secvire to themselves all the offices of hon-
or, profit, and tru*t, in line, to put themselves in a
situation, practically to enforce the maxim of n
distinguished democrat, in n sister Stale, that “ to
the victors belong the spoils”—these, seem to he
the prominent characteristics of the modern self-
styled democracy. Our opponents here, do indeed
profess certain principles. They are democrats,
and love the people. They are patriots, and rev
erence the Constitution, utterly repudiating any oth
er, than a literal interpretation of its terms. They
are opposed to a Bank of the United Slates, which
is demanded by the people of the United Slates, and
in favor of a Sub-treasury, which they have reject
ed. They arc the udvocates of free trade, in its
literal sense, a mere phantom of the imugiua ion,
having no “ local habitation ;”—in the sense in
which they contend for it, a trade free lo other na
tions but heavily taxed as to us. They are against
the distribution of the proceeds of the public lands,
while they admit tiio right of the States to (hi
lands themselves ; ami opposed to any modification
of the veto, preferring the continued supremacy ol
the Federal Executive, over the Legislature. Low
duties followed by direct taxes, to be paid in n cur.
rency exclusively metallic, and deposited in a Sub.
treasury, to be filched from its hiding places, by
its appointed guardians ; such are some of the hies-
sings, which arc in store for us, if our opponents
can regain their lost power. These subjects will I
however be more properly considered, in another
pnrt-of this address. We would direct your at
tention for the moment, and as briefly ns may be,
to our home concerns.
And wlint now, fellow.citizens, is the condition
of our domestic concerns? Our opponents have
bad the direction of them, fora series of years,
with a solitary exception. They are hold men,
prompt in the assertion of their rights, who do not
silently permit their merits to be overlooked. Do
they prefer any claim to your commendation, do
they assert nny title to your grntitude, for the w is-
dotn, and prudowce, and energy, which have mark*
ed the councils of the State Government, since they
have controlled them ? No, on this subject, they
are silent. They can point to no system ol mea
sures, distinguished by the intelligence and forecast
of the statesman, and practically beneficial lo the
Slate, which have emanated from them. They
would divert your attention from your domestic
concerns,, from those subjects of more pressing in-
turest, which come homo to the business, and bo
som of every Georgian, to engage you in the dis
cussion of mooted points of federal policy. Of
these, in their order, and as fully, as our opponents
may please we are ready to speak, in this/or any
other form of trial, before the people of Georgia.
But lor the present, let us look ut home. Wc ask
nn account of their domestic stewardship. We ask.
but receive it not. Let us then examine it, with
sucli means, us wo can command ; and looking to
the general results of their policy, let us see if
these do not proclaim in terms, which cunnot he
misunderstood, the utlor incapacity of those, to
whom the management of our State affairs has
been confided.
We cannot contrast tho present condition of the
State Government, and of those interests, which
peculiarly concern us, as citizens of Georgia, with
thut in which our opponents found them, when the
reins of Government were confided to them, with
out perceiving the deterioration which has been
consequent on a few years of misrule.
At tho commencement of their career, tho Cen
tral Hank fulfilling tho design of those who estah
lislied it, was prudently, und safely employing the
funds of the State, accumulating interest for the
support of the Government, and thereby reducing
taxation. It* bills were in high repute, and sought
alter with avidity. Our taxes were small, and of
those which were collected, n considerable portion
was surrendered to the counties, for their own pur
poses. ‘file Stale received annually, large divi
dends from its Bunk Stock- Iis income was nde-
qua te to the expenses of the Government, and be-
yond these to furnish a fund for annual distribu-
lion among the counties, to be applied lo the best
and noblest purpose, the education of the people.
Schools sprang up under tho fostering cure of the
Slate. The poor were educated. The benign in
fluences of education, were felt throughout our bor
ders* At this time, our hanking institutions were
not merely soivenl, but in high repute, and the State
unincumbered by debt, had a redundant treasury.
Under such ciicumstnnces. our opponents came in-
to power, uud the whole policy of the Government
was changed* The Stale Bunk was thereafter
wielded ns un engine of party, rather than ns an in.
sirumcnt of Stole policy. It had h* en originally
designed ns a mere loan office, for the surplus funds
of tho State. Now it became n borrower of mo
ney, thut it might lend out the money borrowed. It
MILLEDGEVILLK,
poso of education, heretofore divided among the
counties, is also absorbed, and the State withholds
thnt boon, which in by g me days, it freely and no-
bly granted. Wc are now oppressed by public
debt accumulating nn annual interest of #100,000
Our toxes uro withdrawn from tlm counties. A
large increase fs made to those of former years, to
meet the pressing wants of tho Tieasury, and this
notwithstanding the State has received from the
Government as its share of tlie surplus revenue
•$1,051,42*2,00 and of the proceeds of public lands,
#20,256 43. All this has gone into the coffers of
the Central Bank or into the bunds of the Execu
tive and has been wasted with the rust of its assets;
and this, fellow.citizens is the condition, to which
the misrule of our opponents, has conducted us.
Tho extraordinary efforts made by the last Leg*
islaturc, to prevent the exposure of these abuses,
and to throw the burdens which they had imposed
unequally upon the people, are too fresh in your
ecollcction, to require to be detailed hoie. They
came from the Chief Executive of the State, tho
head of the party, and wero dependent on the par
ty, for support. They nought to levy from a stnull
part of the people, a largo portion of tho taxes, with
which to pay the interest of the debt they had ere.
aled; to compel our citizens to receive in exchnogo
for the products of their labor, a depreciated, and
to them comparatively valueless currency, and by
severe exactions, to restrain tho*c who attempted
louse that depreciated currency, at its actual val
ue ; and finally imposed upon the people, in this
time of pecuniary embarrassment,an additional bur-
then, by unexpectedly hurrying the granting of their
lands. These were all ill judged, and oppressive
measures, reckless und desperate efforts, to escape
from the difficulties, to which the State bud been
reduced, by the ruinous policy of our opponents.
Our taxes have been increased. VVliat necessi
ty existed for this, or how soon, multiplying wants
will demand a further, and a greater increase of tho
burthens imposed upon the people, our adversaries,
who have had, and Mill have the control of our af
fairs, have the best means of judging. Enough
however is disclosed, to make us apprehend that
we have embarrassments to encounter, which have
not yet been disclosed to the public eye
their prudence und energy, and economy, restored required at their hands* Of the fconstituiioml pow
sound specie paying circulation to tho people.—
Our present difficulties must he met in the same
spirit. We must not imitate the example of our op
ponents, by creating a greater liability, to discharge
a less one. .Snell a course, can only eventuate in
incrcuscd embarrassment. Wo must meet them
in the spirit of economy, guided by an enlarged and
liberal patriotism, and by an unshaken determina
tion to fulfil all our engagements, with fidelity.—
The Whig parly stand pledged lo such a course of
action. They hnve heretofore redeemed the State
from the curse of a depreciated currency. Sustain-
tamed by your confidence, th»*y will relieve it from
the disgrace, in which our present embarrassments
have involved us.
We would call your attention to tho latest exhi
bition of our opponents, in the halls of legisla-
lion. Tho last General Assembly presents a fpe-
eimen, of what may be hoped for from their contin
ued dominion. They met, wrangled, and adjourn-
ed w ithout making provision for the payment of in
terest to a part of tho public creditors,'caving the
Treasury at the mercy of Capitalists to meet the in
terest on another portion of the public debt with
out an adequate provision for the wants of the Gov-
eminent, totally withholding the appropriation for
the education of the poor, mid after violent confl'cls
between the Executive, nnd the majority of tho Lo-
f Congress to puss this law,Except in lines of
high party excitement,no question could ever have
been raised. In terms, as clear as langtoge can
render them, it is deem red, that the Congitss may
at any time by law make, or alter the cgulitions of
the Slate Legislatures. Whim single xccition.lhat
of** the places of chousing Senators," lie whole
subject, and every part of it, is placed tnder the
control of the Federal Legislature, 'ihey may
make tho regulations themselves, or they liny alter
those made bv the States. These words nav make,
or alter are chosen ex industria, with iheieliberale
panose ofupplyingthem to their proper c«r»elutives.
The power to make is applicable to the subject.
The power to alter, applies lo any j ' • If
Congress exercising tI^k full authority cmui'ied
upon them by the Constitution, should establish an
entire system regulating the times, pluces/md man
ner, ol holding elections, they would \\wnmakc such
regulations. If leaving (lie general reflation of
Hie subject to the States, Congress slulild think
proper to interfere by modifying one, o; more, of
their regulations, they would in so doin;, alter the
regulations made by the States. They may make
a system, or alter u part of it, but it w oud hardly he
appropriate to say, dial they had alter'd the regtt-
iations of the States, when di-y hndtnede, und sub.
sutuied on entire, system of their own. Yet it is up-
h a cavil, that our right of representation in
njKupnrri-' 1 ■
[VteClloii. \vh
>ur C institution,
er to his con-
liieh is be-
i beon jnonnrrf-' 1 -
tliut too in resistance of a mode of' /rC "" 11, w ' ,,c ”
gixlnturc, all, nnd each ol them, Democrat* of un-
questionable pretension. Is this picture over- ! the Congress of the Union, h
drawn ? We call to the stand a witness, whoso tea- • that too
timuny is unimpeachable, for the purpose to which 1 is most conformed to the spirit
it is applied. Read the declaration of a leading or- ; by bringing the Represent;**'’ 1
gun, of the self-styled democracy of Georgia ; the I stiluent, a mode ofelect* 11 •Moreover,
judgment which he pronounces on this assembly of; leived to be desirald- 10 n majority ol the people of
his brethren. Me says •*// cannot be disguised and j Georgia of all pa'ti*^* ^ 0 ur ° authorized lo in-
it is useless to deceive ourselves, the proceedings for this. indei»* , ' ,t l >i, ^.vofoiher menus of ascertaining
of the last legislature have been condemned by tho • it, from ' acl '^ nl a to district the State, pas-
people of Georgia. The members of that body, I sed brunches of the Legislature, and was neg-
have trifled with* tho best interests of the State; the'v I e’^’d >>y the Governor, on so extraordinary a
could have restored confidence in the credit, ni^ I ground, that ifive were to state it in the very words
faith of the State; mul they have, not done it. Vlioy j of 1 lis Excell ncy, we should fear that the million-
could have placed the paper issued by ih« 5>tnte in- lieity of our statement might be questioned, by
stiiuiioii, on a par value ; and they ha-e not done it. those, who had not access to tho document. Wo
They could have culled on their constituents fori will therefore only add, that it babooves us. toes-
( sacrifices, which would have been cheerfully met, j cope as promptly as possible, from the position in
Wc all know that the tax imposed by the Whig j because sensible of their urgent necessity and they j which the Governor and the Legislature have placed
party in 1840. was denounced by their opponents
as extravagant, nnd unnecessary. They worked
their way into the Legislature, by promising relief
from this exaction. Mow they fulfilled that pro
mise, yoli will not fail to remember, but it may be
useful to advert to it for a moment. They lissom-
bled-at Milicdgcville in November 1841, with over-
whelming majorities in both houses of the Legisla.
lure, and like men of their word, proceeded to
pass a bill, reducing the taxes twenty-five per
i have nut done it. They bad ii in their power to | ns. It is one of open defiance to the constitutional
house upright, able and honest citizens to fill »ev- ; authority of the Union, causelessly assumed, bo-
oral offices w ithin their control, and they have not i cause the measure which it resists h acceptable to
lone.it. They had it in thejr power to conduct the
proceedings of both branches with dignity, eco-
mmy, despatch and usefulness, and Ihey ham not
lone it. Thu people are not blind or deaf, they have
seen and heard how their representatives behaved
themselves/*
What can we promise to ourselves fiom the con.
cent. But mark fellow.citizens, this bill was nev- j 'inuence of such a party in power? A party who
permitted to become a law ; nnd so far was the
party, from making, er intending to make any
reduction of taxes, that they have actually increas
ed them fifty per cent, beyond the rate which they
themselves declared to be necessary in 1841. In
the professions which they made during that cam-
paign, of an intention to reduce the taxes below
those of 1840, cither they were ignorant of the
condition of the State, and the wants of tho Trons-
ury, or they deceived the people. The net of 1840
had increased the taxes twenty.five per cent.
This tax was imposed bv the whigs. Our opponents
»y the testimony of one who was privy to their cot
our people, and so assumed in manifest violation til*
our eomuact with the other States of the confeder
acy. That, in which tho Federal Government
stands to us, is one from which the House of Repre
sentatives of the United States cannot recede, with
out sacrificing at the shrine of party, their solemn
obligations to the Constitution.
h is one of the charges made by the lending
democratic editor lo whom we have before refer-
| ‘els, nnd observant of thoir conduct, have trifled | red, against iiis associates, in the last Legislature,
.villi the best interests of the State; "a party who” | that “ they had it in their power to choose able, and
• -tould h ive restored confidence in the credit and honest citizens to fill several offices under '.heir
1 faith ol the Slate; and they have not done i-t;. a i control, nnd (that) they have not done it.” Fel-
t »aitv who “could have called on their constituents j low-citizens, wc ask you to verify this accusation
tor suevi cos which would have been cheerfully met,, j fur yourselves, to look uround you, each within bis
uer.uuse sensible of thoir urgent necessity; and
they have not d »ne it;” wl»o “had it in their pow.
er to choose upright, able and honest citizens to fill
several offices within their control; and they have
not done IT; “and who” had it in their power to
denounced it ns oppressive and promised relief from j conduct the proceedings of both branches, with dig
it, if they were elected. They were elected, nnd Inity, economy, despatch and usefulness, and they
made a feint to pass a reduction bill, but it never »j have not done it.” When n party speak thus of
became a law, and the next year, they added tvven- ,J themselves, what remains to their opponents, but
ty-live per cent to the tax ol 1840. In other words j reiterating their own declarations, to guard the pe
they added twenty live per cent to a tax, which they
themselves had denounced, nt the top of thoir
voices, as unnecessary, and extravagant.
We hnve said that our opponents made a feint to
pa-s a bill reducing d»u hm that it never be-
came a law, nnd yet was not returned with tlietsxe-
cutive veto, dnringthe session,so as to compel them
to vote upon it ngnm. What are we to infer from
this 7 Can it be that the party were ignorant of tho
wants of the Tronsury? Or was this proceeding
altogether pro forma and so understood by the Go-
vernnr ; designed merely to bold out the appear
ance of redeeming a pledge, which it was never
intended in fact to redeem ; and therefore the bill
gin against a further abuse of their con-
• to complain of those to whom the man-
pie of G
ft donee}
We h
ngement of our affairs has been entrusted, uni only
that th**y Wave mla<pplicd and wasted our ample rev-
ii,diverted, or sacrificed tlio fund devoted to pub
own sphere of observation, and to sny, whether
those who have been entrusted with public office,
by our opponents, are til representatives of the hon
orable feeling and enlightened intelligence which
distinguish our people ? We would not limit your
enquiry to those who wore chosen by the lust Leg
ielntuiv. Wo would extend it to the appointees of
tho self styled democratic party, in whatever de
partment of Government, (Executive, Legislative
or Judicial) they may In?found appealing to your
selves to sny, i\ your intelligence, your love of jus.
tics and of your country, can he fairly estimated by
such examples as these. Wo lespectfully invite
you to contrast the present, with the past, nnd to
deplore the deterioration, not in the spirit of the
partiz'in, but as Georgians, who love their country,
lie education, prostrated the credit of the State, and | and lespeei ihcm-iolves, and who have resolved,
withheld from the people, u knowledge of the true • God willing, that such UMtateof ihino.s shall exist
condition of their nfTiirs, but we look in vain, for no longer.
nny act of public utility, which has beer, nccom- Shml we call your attention to the questions in
plished uudei their direction, or for such nn admin. I controversy between tlm two great parties of the
strntion of the Government, as might comport with j Union 7 They are slated in un appeal of a D-
• lie character of our people
riproven
and the pi
in exchange for them- It is more orthodox, inking
democracy as tlm standard, to upeak of tlm inci
dental protection resulting from the tariff, ns exclu
sively given to the manufacturer* of the North and
West. This is the pass word of party ; but can
the proposition be maintained when subjected to
any other test ? Let it bo remembered rluit we
nrn speaking of incidental protection only, which
our adversaries agree may be rightfully ufforded.
nnd thnt the controversy between us, is whether
this operates exclusively to the benefit of the man
ufacturer of the North and West ? Now tho pro
tection afforded to the domestic manufacturer, f.«
against the pauper labor of the old world. But if
he is thereby enabled to furnish us with the articles
which we require, at n cheaper rate than we euu
obtain them Irum the foreign manufacturer, are wo
not benelitted also ? Compare the present prices
of various articles of daily consumption, with tlios*
which they bore in 1841, remembering that the tar
iff* was then almost at its minimum, und that wc arc
now living under u high tariff. Not assuming rfie
office of instructors on tins subject, wo ask you to
enquire for yourselves. Blot out the manufacturing
establishments of the United States, in whatever
quarter they exist, and consider what would he tho
consequence ? Tho first effect would be, that th*
remaining occupation* of our citizens, those of
agriculture and commerce, would bn rapidly over
stocked. Would it benefit us in Georgia, if thn
capital and labor which are now employed in thir
production of sugar, for example, were diverted to
tile culture of cotton, still further diminishing it*
price,by inci easing a product which is already execs'"
sive? Let our opponents ctujuire from Mr. Calhoun?"
And what would he our condition in relatlonto llnms
articles which uro now manufactured in the United
St an k, nnd sold to us at a cheaper rale than we have
jvor before obtained them?’ Would we not be at tho
mercy of tho foreign manufacturer, nnd subject to
us exactions? But again, why should this inci-
Knud protection be exchv*iv*»lv by
N...vi- « vVohiern manufacturei? Whysnoulii
not w c in Georgia also share it ? The most oir-
vious principles of economy invite us to a division
of our productive labor.—The product of our great
tuple is excessive, and onr lands are impoverished.
Our climate, the lace of our country, out* copious
mid unfailing writer power, the abundant supply of
raw material, and tho cheap labor which wo can
omnuind, invite us to apply a portion of onr labor
ml capital to manufactures. Does any one doubt
mat this will be done ere lon^ 1 and that wo too
shall share the benefits of this incidental protec
tion?
But as a matter of controversy between the two
great political 1 parlies cf the country* tat us sco
w herein we agree, and in wlint wo differ.
It is conceded by our udveranrics, that duties orr
imports constitute the most equitable, nnd Icnst
bnrihensome mode of taxation ; that it is indirect-
and if judiciously laid, falls with equal force on n!l>
classes of the community. Now correcting thn
phraseology of the last branch of this proposition,
as before suggested, to convey whet we presume to
ho the author’s meaning, in all this, wc are agreed-
We agree ulso, that such duties should he so limit*
ed ns lo produco a revenue necessary for an eco
nomical administration of the government, and no
more. If there are any members of I ho Whiu par
ty who huvo advocated the doctrine of protection,,
beyond the limits of revenue, we nro not of that
number—and such opinion can Itnve no pmcticnl
operation hereafter, because it is admitted by tha
manufacturers themselves, thnt in the present im.
proved condition of their establishments, n tariff
strictly limited to the purjtoses of revenue will a fford
all the protection which they require. This, ui* are
told, thut modern democracy admits “can couslim-
Iv Im given.” Thus fur, then, we nro agreed;
but from this point, our opponents make a bound* in
which we cannot follow them. As in tlm '.nine <->C
onr South Carolina neighbors.some years ago. fir
the controversy about State Rights, our own doc
trines are pushed to an extent to which wo cannot
iwrry liiein. Our opponents catch, pass and beat
us, under the auspices of the same chief by whose
lollies they then profited. Hoar thorn on this sub
ject. They do not object to a tnnir*‘so adjusted
as to produce it revenue necessary for an economi
cal administration of the government, and which-
will at the same time, by its permanency, give tin*
only protection which can constitutionally be nf.
forded, &.<*. &e.” They are then, by their own de
claration, the advocates of a permanent Tariff..
More distinctly to indicate this idea, the word i.*
italicized in the address to which we have referred.
Tncy advocate n rule of duties which shall he grad-
uuted bv and limited to the wants of tho govern-
meat, at the time they are imposed, of com*?, hut
I which when laid, shall he permanent. Ron Into in
1 [ cratio Committee, addressed not to you, citizens of \faidera. The wings of Georgia huve entered into no-
Georgia, but “to the Democratic party of the State.”
Communing us we are desirous of doing, with our
fellow.citizens of vvhutevor political denomination,
who me .villing to listen to us, for the truth’s sake.
f the age. Our great work of intor
us not returned during the session hut kept for f. iul improvement, commenced under happier uus-
rejection afterwords? To suppose this, is to im- r dees, they have suffered to languish. It was de
pute ignorance, or insincerity, which we should be » -igned, ami is destined to bring into juxtaposition,
loth to ascribe to our opponents. The most reti» f , the mountain, and midland, and seaboard regions of j we refer to this document, only as affording a ro-
soimble solution perhaps is, that our finances arc !' our Slate; to unbosom the wealth of the one, and cent exposition of opinions, the practical enforce-
so dei'uuged, and our wants so multiplied, and often ' to stock the marts of tho other; to stimulate produc- j meat of which, is tell at iiii.4 iroment, in sorrow
lion, by giving value to produce, and thus to devel- j and bitterness by every citizen of Georgia, Whig
lope tin; almost unlimited resources of a State, or Democratic. Tbe expression is too large, and
( blessed with every variety of soil, and climate, and i we hasten to correct it. There is u class of our
l inhabited by h free uud enterprising people.— ' citizens, who have been benefited by the practical
| This grunt works lingers, hut it yet lives. Hu- operation of tin se opinions. They consist of the
.man folly may delay, but cannot prevent its coin ; Aristocracy of the Democracy, whose monied capi-
unexpected, that those who have kindly taken the
management of our affairs, do not actually know
whnt demands they have to meet.
Wlint indeed ure to be the wants of our State Go
vernment, and what must be the rule of taxation,
necessary to meet them, can only be know
those who have the control of the Government.— |{fiction. Along its extended line of coinmuuica- ! ml tins enabled them to profit by the calamities of
Nor can we rely on the statements which they think ! tioti, terminating on the margin of the great ocean • their fellows. To them, tbu scene through which
proper to give. We have been twice deceived, j which washes our shores, we shall yet hear the bu- we have been passing, lias been a fruitlul harvest,
and have nothing to encourage us for tlm future, j sy hum of industry, and listen to the voice of the j To all others, it has been a source of suffering, and
This we know, that sources of revenue heretofore mountaineer, mingling in friendly greetings, with • sorrow. Let os strive to terminate it, by securing
land brothel. Let us not despair. He at , such an administration of the Government, as will
existing will now he cut off*, and that new charges
must be udded. The Central Bank bills, which
have been funded, are drawing an interest of eight
per cent, nnd the bonds are redeemable at five
years. These and the other liabilities of the Batik,
to meet which the Legislature pledged the taxing
powers of the Slate, must he provided for, and will
enlarge the 'debit side of our Treasury account,
even if our present liabilities should huve been cor.
reclly ascertained, und provided for* which cun
scarcely be believed.
Our opponents have dealt uncnndidly to the pco.
pin, and injustly towards us, in their attempt to dis.
guise their o«n mismanagement of our finances,
mid to cast odium on the Whig party, for their ef.
fort to ameliorate them. They have been long
since aware, that the revenues of the State, would
he inadequate lo its wants. Instead of meeting the
crisis manfully, and appealing to the patriotism of
our citizens, to sustain its honor, they huve sought
to conceal tho true situation of the Government,
from the view of the people ; have misled them as
to its wants, have temporized with its embarrass,
menls, and aggravated them by a resort to inefti-
cieni remedies, until the evils ofour condi'ion, have
been rendered intense, by delay, qik) are operating
with destructive force not merely upon lh< ir
projectors, but upon tho people nt large. During
all this time, we have warned them that these mea
sures must result in nn increase of taxation, to sus
tain the Central Bank, if its operations were to be
continued, or to redeem its liabilities, if it were to
go into liquidation. Our warnings, which have
been laughed *o scorn, our predictions which have
been met with a hold und confident deninl, have now
been realized in their utmost extent. The tax has
come. Twenty five per cent, is added by our op.
I ponents. lo what was styled by them tho extrava-
bills were lent, when it could not pay its own debts, gain, and odious Whig tux bill of 1840 ; and this,
which were then due, nnd of which payment was I notwithstanding the public revenues have been nug
then demanded. It continued this sy.\»em of lend
i*.g, to the amount ofhmidreds of thousands of dol-
|„ when it hud no means of redeeming its bills, and
when they were already greatly depreciated. Who
wonders thnt tho result of so reckless a course, bus
been the prostration of the Bank, and the taxation
of the people, to redeem its circulation ?
Beside this tho Bank Stock held by the State to
the amount of $1,005,000 which yielded a nett
annual dividend of from seven, to eight per
cent, has almost entirely disappeared, wasted in
the Central Bank, nr appropriated to the payment
of Stale debts, fur which the Bank had failed oth
erwise lo provide, and is now lost as a source of
income* to tho Treasury. The fund for tho pur
mooted by forcing thn people into un immediate
payment fur their grants ; by the receipt from tho
Federal Government of s.mdry sums, in reimburse
ment of advances during the late Indian war, and
by the payment to the State nf 1ier distributive
share of the proceeds of the public lands. It can*
not bo that the people of Georgia can believe that
such policy is calculated to advance their interests.
You will recollect the suspension of specie pay
ments, uy the Banks in 1837, nnd I lie multiplied em.
burruNsmcnts which followed. Yon will remem
ber the vacillating policy of our opponents, ttmi the
various temporizing expedients, to which they re
sorted, producing only an aggravation of the evil.
The Whig party came into power in 1840, and by
j his I
< «vhose behest, the hills lifted up their heads, at j restore iho general prosperity,
vltoso command, tho ocean retired within its Our adversaries specify as questions of cmitro.
•omuls, lots graciously given to man. skill to devise, I ver*y, between the two great political panics, the
md energy ol purpose, to execute the means by ■ following, viz :
which mountains ure seated, and distuncc is over- j The Tariff’;
,rome. 1 The modification of the Presidential veto ;
Tho position in which wo are placed towards The establishment ol a Bank of the U. S ates ;
the Federal Government, by the unwise, and uncon-j The distribution of the proceeds of the public
nitutioual conduct of our Slate rulers, is the next i lands.
ubjecllo which wo would call your attention. Geor- 1 Let us briefly consider these in their order, and
giu is one of a confederacy of States, who decide in ( fir«t directing our attention totho controversy con
council, composed of Representntiues from euch. \ cerning the Tauifp, let us enquire what that eon-
on matters which nro of common interest to all.— ; troversy is ? Onr adversaries admit that, •• duties
In their constitutional charter.or bond of union, they j on imporia, arc the most equitable, and least bur-
have agreed upon the mode, in which those rep re i then.soine mode, by which taxes may be imposed.”
sentntives shall l>« chosen, and (hose who are not ! They sav, •* it is indirect taxation, and if judicious-
so chosen cannot take their seats at the council j !v laid, t ills with equal force on all classes of the
hoard of the confederacy. The lungunge of that community*" They add emphatically, '* To aticli
instrument is ns follows J a Tariff*, we have no objection, and huvo nn abiding
“The times, places and manner of holding elec- | confidence, if the South is but true to herself, that
lions for Senators and Representatives, shall be j the Tariff will he so adjusted as to produce *» revu.
prescribed in each State, by the Legislature thereof, | nue necessary for an economical administration of
but the Congress may at any time, by law, make or al- j the Government ; and ut the samo time by its per-
icrsuch regulations, except as to tho places of chous manency give the only protection, which can cousti-
ing Senators.” i tutionuhy be given to the manufactures of the North
For a lo- g time nfler the adoption of the Consti- ! and Wes!.”
*ution, indeed until very recently, Congress forbore I Hero is a scries of admissions, which we should
'.o interfere in this matter. It was reguluted in hail as auspicious to the cause ol truth, if wo
each State according to the will of its own Legis. did not fear their disavowal, by more experienced
Inlure. The consequence was n want of uni fortui
ty, in the manner of election. some States choosing
by districts, and others by general ticket. To rem
edy this (which might in its re*tilt, place the small
er Suites, in the power of tint larger ones.) in tin*
apportionment hill, passed by Congress on ti>e 25th
Juno 1842. it was enacted,
That in every case, where n Stute is entitled to
more than one Representative, tho number to which
•tich State shall he entitled under this apportion-
nont shall be elected by districts, composed of con
igU'ius territory, equal in number, to tliu numho
political disputants, in the ranks of democracy.
It is certainly true, that a duty on imports is more
equitable, and less burlhetutome, than direct tuxu-
lion ; but ho «s inexperienced in political contro
versy, who docs not know that this is not the Demo
cratic creed, They advocate a low nnd uniform
rate of duties, oven although tho revenue which
they "ill produce, may ho inadequate lo the wants
of the government, proposing to supply tho deft-
cieney by tho proceeds of the sales of iho public
lands, and if need be, (as must happen.) by a resort
direct taxation. Such is I he doctrine advanced
f Representatives, to which said State, may been- | by tlm democracy in both Mouses of (’ougresn.
titled, no one district electing more than one lleprc- It is true also, that tho duties on imports, judi-
tentative.” i eiouslv laid, faff with equal force on nil clusses
W« in Georgia, under the regulations p re.sc rib- ! of the community—*ir rather, they fall equiln-
ed by our Legislature, hnve heretofore chosen our! bly on »he different classes, since men pav for whut
representatives to Congress, by general ticket; and . they consume, ami no more ; but this again, is n
the Governor, and the Legislature having refused downright heresy in the Democratic church, us all
to recognize the act of Congress, just referred to, who are versed in the inyMeries of the "forty bole.
ns obligatory upon them, the s.xnm mode of election
lion was of necessity resorted to, in October last.
No alternative whs left the people of Georgia ; by
the failure of the Governor and the Legislature to
do what duly to that people, us well as to tho Union,
uch bonds. They arc not converts lo thia doctrine
of tho perm\neney of the tariff, which is now advu-
led l»y tho democracy. They would have thn
rate of duties originally limited to tho purposes of
un—but Ihey would do more, they would haw
those duties always kept within that Un it. |.| inerens-
I importations should give an amount of revonun
•yond the wants of the government, ihnj would rn.
(luce the duties which produced it. An ovei flowing*
redundant Treasury, one supplied beyond the
nits of the government, is in their view un evil of
the first magnitude. They enn advocate no svs-
tern ol taxation which will lead toil. They have n
feeling re collection of its effects, during the admin-
■trillions of Gen. Jackson and Mr. Van Boren ; of
xtiuvngHiii *xpeudiiuroa in a syMum of internal'
inprovements, which were designed to absorb tlm
surplus revenue ; of l lie wild nnd mi noun specula
tions which followed its distribution among ilio
States, atid of the general demoralization and cm>*
nipt ion which were consequent toil. Too demo-
cruey of Georgia go far beyond us in their advoca
cy of u permanent tariff*, if tho address to which we
have referred, is a faithful exposition of their creed-
And if no*, is it too much to ask, that thoxn who as
sume the. office of instructors, should first them
selves learn the lesson they woul I impart; that
however heterodox the creed which they promul
gate, they should at least propound it, ns it ih un
derstood by the Church to which they belong ?
Tho modification of the Veto power is the next
subject of which we propose u> speak. It may he
disposed of more briefly. From the outset of tho
dLcuxsiouM on this subject, up to the pr« suit mo
ment, there lias been u studious- nnd persevering,
and we cannot forbear to add, a disingenuous at
tempt to misrepresent this controversy, by de
nouncing it us un attempt to abolish, not lo modify,
tho power in question. No such attempt was ever
made. Thu proposition actually presented, was
to submit lo the consideration of the American people,
the question of the propriety of so amending tb«
Constitution, os to provide that when a bill shall bo
passed by both Houses of Congress, nnd returned
by the 1'iosident with his veto,all further notion shall
lie suspended on it, until the next succeeding sea-
si«m, when, if a majority of the Senators nnd Rcpre-
tutivus elected shall affirm the bill, it shall become
a law.
The reasons of iho President would, in this event
be. spread un the legislative journal, would be read,
considered, submitted totho public, and (lisctiifotl
mally, and through the medium of the p’l*sN. The
members of Congress would return to il.eir consti
tuents, would mingle with, and consult them. With
these means of ascertaining and expressing the pub*
iic will, it was believed lo bo Accordant to the g* •
uius ol our iriftlituiions thnt the voices of n majori
ty of all the Senators nnd Representatives elected,
witn such opportunities <»f ascertaining tlm wishe*
of their consiiteuis, should prevail over that of tho
President, sus'uiued by a fraction, over on* thud of
those Seuii'ors and Representatives. Wo confi*
Jctnily submit to you, tliut this is the only limitation
of the legislative power, by Executive interference,
which ought to be tolerated by American freemen ;
that the v dee of the people, thus deliberately ex*
pressed through a majority of their Representative*
ought lo prevail over the voice of one mutt, select*
ed by them to execute nnd not to make laws. When
you take into consideration the incontestihle fact,
ihutonihe great questions which divide the two
theory * will bn ready lo avouch. That doctrine
it may he icmembcred, wus that the producer of
forty bales of cotton, exported to a foreign market
paid the whole amount of the duty levied on the ar
ticles of foreign merchandise, which wort received parties in the National Legislature, the minority
