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1V«i PknUtrt? OM if Hmemsk, al tte itaMtff
fifttfoy m life fort dety if Nooembsr, 1944.
Mr. President, and to ytn* gentlmren of tbe Plan*
te*e* Olab of Hancock—Aa an bumble merobar of
ybdrdbbl mdet heartily and aineerely cengratu-
lat* yon on the arrival of iha 4lh annnaf mooting of
ymiyCtub, In which la aaaoeiated a portion oftho
rtfmers of your non and tha adjoining eountiot:
with 1teart-7elt aincority do f say that 1 coogratu.
(ata yon for tlio good which I believe haa arisen
from your aaooeiation, bat with a deeper I'eeKng of
yratntntinn would 1 encourage yoo to perseverance
'in ao noble a cause aa you have before you; I
would cheer you onward to the good which I hope
'and believe will arise to the farming interest of
-oar State, if your future action eitnli only equal the
-mpeotatlone of the friend* of thia Club, or jtnlify
fair eoncluaiona predicated on the condect of a peo.
pla bo ll intellectual and energetic. Need i fear
for the future when f eeo you hare the approbation
and amilei of the fair to stimulate you onward—her
approbation, her imiles, her encouragement must,
it ever hns, h ever will give additional impetus
to the conduct of man ; against iter Crowns few
«&u*ct have ever prospered—with her smiles to
encourage him onward, seldom indeed will any
-cause feller
“Agriculture is tholtind mother of us all, from it
-"life is sustained, by it nations derivo their exis.
“tence, on it depends the commerce of the world,
’“without it how long could any nation or people ex.
“ist f” How important then that those engaged in
it should derive from any and every derivable
source all the information calculated to forward
Shis great interest 1
As one efthe means of adding to your stuck of
information the farmers of this county have associ
ated themselves into a Club—Permit me 'to make
a few remarks on the importance of such-associa
tions, and to soy something of prejudices against,
-them. Some of got* friendly farmers, and -who are
•truly the friends of agriculture, excuse themselves
from uniting with us, because they say they are
-poor farmers ami could be of no use to the Club,
while olliers object by saying they are ns good far.
mers as any of the Club; and cun mnke os much
-produce as those who “moke so much fuss about
it."
To all objectors to farming Clubs or Societies
with the high object of receiving benefit from oth
ers, and imparting benefilto others, if practicable,
let such a one but reflect for ono minute and ask
himself of the little he does know abeut the science
•or practice of farming—how much, or rather, how
little, he has ever derived from himself unaided by
the experience of others') Have -you at any period
of your life examined the fnrm of your neighbor
without acquiring sumo new idea ? Unaided by
tlie experience ofolhers, how Kllle of the urt which
you now possess would you then have T
The object .of agricultural societies is to do that
‘collectively, which individuals cannot dm it is
-that our inquiries after truth may be more active
und assiduous ; it is that we may dispel prejudices
dong entertained, and correct the errors and ex
plode the habits which have so long been u destruc
tive incubus upon agricultural improvement.
To you Who object to such associations, on the
ground that you have already acquired sufficient
-information, or whatsoever may be your grounds of
objection, i ask, have you not been benefited by
•some of tlio fuels already developed by your neigh,
bore ? and are you not now adopting mun-y of their
suggestions? With whom is it you refuse to unite ?
Whut interest do they propose to forward discon,
nected witli yours f -It is unreasonable to suppose
'they can affect no good. It is absurd to suppose
they will causeugricullural knowledge to retrogade.
You may be benefited—you cannot be injured.—
■Haveyou ever nnnalized tiie-plnns that -you culti
vate ; or do you know their chemical parts or corn,
.pounds ? Do you know what kind of substances are
contained in the soil which is necessary to their ex
istence and developement J Have you ever reflect
ed that every plant you cultivate has, like tiie hu-
man body, mouth, stomucli and lungs? Have you
ever reflected on thetrue-reason why the soil should
bo early stirred around a young plant, that tiie at
mosphere may reach ltie roots and nourish the plant
in die same uiuiincr as milk nourishes the young
child ?
Surely tlien -it in a duly you owe society, to
•come foward and enrol your name on the farmer’s
Club. .Perhaps,-you may be in lime benoflted by
some new thought arising out of your connexion
with us. At le >st we ure entitled to every valua
ble thought which your connection may impart to
us.
Wo are not without encouragement to look for
benefits to arise on account of our association.—
Look to the improved state of your cropsalils year,
-compared with preceding -years ; look to the fact
lliut, through tiie instrumentality of this association,
it has been developed already ihul one noro of land
Ims been made to produce 98 1-2 bushels of corn !
.Behold what a -lesson is here Inuglil us, that from
cub-acre of land bread lies been raised sufficient to
Joed a family of 8 persons'! Heretofore-it has been
-considered impracticable to produce such a result
in ihis.climate. Whilst with pride we -claim this
ns u result arising from l-lie association of the Fur.
m.irs Club! let me not furg»l to remind you to
whose fair hand and head you are indebted for this
lemon of instruction.*
Whilst we “Lords of creation” proudly and of.
‘fun vainly claim to ourselves superiority of intel-
JiCt, to me it is a most pleasing inoidnnt to uc-
■know ledge this lesson of instruct ion to-come from
tiie fair lutnd of vvoinun. To tn-y mind, it is an
omen that the cause is onward. A causo lhus sane,
tionyi and encouraged, having with it ulso, the ap
probation of the Gud of Heaven, such a cause, it
must.it will be onward.
The object of your association being mainly to
promote the interest of agriculture, it becomes of
primary importance to consider some of the means
to be adqpled likely to produae favorable results.
In Georgia, it must'be obvious to every reflecting
mind, tliul we are all too nearly following each otli-
erJn our agricultural pursuits; that our crops in
kind and quantity are not sufficiently diversified.
I consider it a matter of great misfortune to tlio
agricultural interest of the South that we know of
no meuns of raising a crop which will produce
money except that of cotton. From present np.
pearancos, that may cease to pay tiie grower for
hia-labnr bestowed in making ; it has already ceas.
ed to be profitable ; and unless we in some meas
ure change our pursuits, so as to bring down tiie
production of the article within consumption, may
we not anticipate the day, and that too, at no distunt
period, when the price of (lie article will not pay
for production? No climate on earth possesses
more advantages for variety of production than
ours—all that we need is skill or knowledge in va
rying our productions. The question is, how is
inis knowledge to bo obtained ? It is a question of
vital inspcrlniice to us ;. it is .one which we must
solve, If we -would prosper.
Weknow-that indigo grows well in this cliinnte.
It -is indigiuious to this county ; it abounds in all
our pine lands without eulturo, if you will keep off
slock fromii. We only need the skill neceasnry
to cultivate mid prepere .it for market We have
a -In-rue and increaaing market fur ,K at homo. I
liavu nut been at llio trouble to inform myself cor.
reolly, hut ih* amount introduced into this country
ieverylargr; sufficient to occupy-the labor of more
ihsn 4 00 000 hands now growing cotton. The do.
- mind must emu inue in increase. The grape may also
by produced in great perfection in this climate with
- but li(t!e labor.; Ilia vine is also indiginoos to this
cijranle ; bat we need the skill cither 4o dry it as
n ft-git for markekor to turn it into wine or brandy,
-wljich t« done oinsQtherhotiQiriea and sent hero at
■Mrs. Martha Lewis hsd the silver fjip avenfet) to her,
l.srios mule 961 liusliele of eon to one eete which was mess-
ured by serrrel witussses, both the ground ead.enta wae
npeaemrif'
quantities by Iba grow
era of tha grape. Tha fig also grows to graat
perfection with tie,but ssa need tha akilf to prepare
u for marital
witli
auf.
tha naoeaatly to you who fill your baut#ar4«
Uttar, that you also throw on it add aiiabfigat h,
fleient quantities of musk ur soli f ind that jn put-
. Icouldaame many other 'articles ting h up in pons, aal,«a should be' used. You
that grow moat luxuriantly io 4hla eUmatai nay, I diayknow but little of chemistry—y<-u may know
can name but vary few artlolee now raised and need
aa commerce by other countries which will not
grow luxuriantly in this olimata. But hitherto, the
bold experimenter has not been found who was
willing to act aa pioneer in the production and
preparation of these articles. With the knowledge
possessed by the first growers of cotton, who
among you could be found willing to act a* an ex
perimenter in growing that article at ten cent* per
pound? When the cultivation of the plant was
first introduced, it was thought a hand did well to
cultivate one ncre, or pick nut 30 pound* seed cot
ton in the day. With one.four'It the experience in
preparing oilier articles which we huve, in the cul
tivation of cotton, I have tto doubt that one-third, if
not one half of the lubor now used in growing cot
ton might be withdrawn to increased profits tut oth
er articles; the effect of which would necessarily
ho to raise profits on tiie cultivation of the cotton
crop. You will all agree, that such a division of
lubor would huve the effect pointed out, hut the
question is asked, how is this knowledge to be ob.
lained ?
Who will be found willing to act as pioneers in
these now puisuits, in order to acquire knowledge
to benefit others?
My answer is, that all of you can becomo oxper-
itnenters on a small scale ; but muiuly it is the du
ly of the State to foster and encourage those enter-
prizes. I would suggest thut each cotton growing
State in the Union should purchase a smull farm
and place on it, say, 10 hands, to be superintended
by some practical scientific farmer, a man distin
guished for science and skill in farming, whose
duty it shall bo to raiso and prepare for murkoi ar
ticles not now extensively cultivated, I would
have the labor of each hand, after raising support,
appropriated to different articles. Under such a
system, failure would be at a trifling cost, and the
discovery of one article, to shore our labors with
making cuttot:, would confer on tiie entire South
blcssitigs incalculable. To you. fellow citizens,
who aro cultivators of tlio soil, and whose interest
would be thereby promoted, belongs the right to
point out the remedy.
If this work is effected, there must be a beginning.
Some one must take the lead in all improvements
which are to prove blessings to society. Your
State Legislature has the constitutional right to es
tablish such n farm. There are men of education
and science, and who are practical farmers, who
would doubtless take charge of such a farm, under
whose guidance little or no expense would accrue
to the State, from whoso experience it is possible,
and oven probable, that some substitute for our
great staple might be found. To the man who
shall discover Ihecitunncl of withdrawing one quar
ter of Southern labor profitably, will be due higher
praise and deeper gratitude, lhanto-him who estab
lishes empires and kingdoms.
To such a project, it is to be hoped, the unhal
lowed influence of party strife and political capital
may not be introduced. In such a cause, and for
such an object, if failure ensue, the expenses to the
State would be so inconsiderable, as to be felt by
no one. If success should crown the effort, this
entire country would again be rendered prosperous
and happy, by enhancing the price of the great sta
ple of tiie South.
Require it, then, at the hands of your Legisla-
lure, that such an experiment should be made ;
an object so desirable, will meet, not only will)
favor from your own legislative body, but that of
other States.
You have but made a beginning in tho improve
ntent of your farms. Happily, Ilia spirit of' emi
gration from “Old Hancock” has measurably sub-
sided. Perhaps this indication is the surest guar
anty that you have made a beginning. But how
few barren spots of your exhausted land huve been
reclnimjd? Before any great improvement can
be effected, our furnis must be ditched so us to pre-
vent the waste of tlio little soil remaining. No per
manent improvement may bo looked for. until the
waste of our soil by heuvy rnins.su common in this
climate, is checked. To effect this, you must cut
hill side ditches through all your rolling lands.
Those who have adopted tills plan, testily to its
utility. It is donebotli cheaply and expediciously.
Minty members of this Club will take great pleasure
in communicating information to those who desire
to lie informed. After your farm lias been ditch
ed, it is then ptepared to receive manure, without
which no great improvement may be looked for.
Upon no branch of Agriculture have the benefits
of your Association beer, more marked and percep
tible than that of raising manure. Before the
formation of this society there was not, perhaps,
in one year, one thousand waggon loads of rnunure
besides cotton seed used in all this county ; tiie
present year ono of litis club used near twice litis
amount. Ono of our most observing farmers thinks
there lias been more manure used in litis county the
present year than for ter, preceding years. Here
tofore we ail thought we possessed very little
means of raising it; now you will scarcely pass n
stable yard that is not covered with litter.
How to raise the best manure, we know but little;
true something has been learnt and done, and no
one lias been so discouraged as to abandon it.
But to obtain (lie most satisfactory results, the
aid of science must be called forth. To constitute
good manure, it is.not sufficient that we have a giv
en number uf waggon loads of decomposed vegeta
ble matter; the vulue ol litis decomposed vegetable
matter, as a manure, consists in the different sails
and their relative proportions ; and it is not true,
that ul! decomposed vegetable matter contains ei
ther the proper quantity of salts, or in proper pro
portions, or evon of tiie right kind.
To correct this, we should call to our aid expo,
rience and chemistry.
We know by experience that tiie horse stable
furnishes us with a manure possessing salts prop
orly charged in quantity and' proportion. By tiie
aid of chemistry, we tnay know, and it is known,
all tlio different salts contained in this manure, and
their relative proportions ; by the aid of chomistry
we may know in what salts any decomposed vege
table matter is deficient, and how to supply that de
fect.
I have no doubt that it is solely to a want of this
chemical knowledge that some of our farmers have
failed to realizo all that benefit from decomposed
vegetable mutter which they hud expected.
1 ant certain that no man, having given the sub
ject any previous consideration,cat) itave read witli
attention the prize essay of Dana, published in the
Soutltorn Cultivator, the present year, without de.
riving much gratification and useful information.
To him, tho agriculturist owes a debt of gratitude
for having very greatly simplified agricultural
chemistry. From Mr. Dana, we learn that most
of vegetables decomposing, only possess salts in
such quantities as to charge their own body with
luxuriunl qualities, having but little to imparl
to the soil on which it is laid as a manure,
whilst, by the addition of one pound of flush to 300
pounds of loam, the loam is so supplied with addi
tional salts as to become equal to 300 pounds of sta-
ble manure ; that one deud horse wilichurge from
4 to 5 cords of loatn so as to make it equul to sta.
hie manure. Ho says also, that eight bushels of
ashes to tiie cord will produce like results. From
an experience 1 Itave myself made I have no doubt
whatever about the correctness of his positions in
tho application of flesh. From consulting with Mr.
Whaley, I have as little dnubt about the correct
ness of his position in the application of ashes.
The good senso of Mr. Whaley seems to have
directed him in the preparation of his manure along
Ilia path of science. True, he Ims not been con
soious tliul he was acting on scientific princi
pies, hut he has nevertheless pursued it; Ilia crops
have given ample proof of its utility. Ho tells
me that without ashes he has not succeeded—that
with them he hai not failed, I would, then, urge
but little of the various sails which' good rnunure
contains; by llda plan, however, ynu will doubtless
find oat that your manure possesses the proper
salts, and the proper proportions to make rich and
fertilizing manure.
Another mode of making manure ha* been found
successful, which until recently list been nscer.
lained. I moan that raised from bogs kept in a
pen. Hitherto, it lias not been thought that one
hug would produce in 12 months sufficient manure
tu be worth tiie attention, and yet I am assured by
two members of your Club that by pulling up orU
hog the year round, and keeping well littered atrfhe
time, he will produce 10 waggon load* io the year.
Tiie mode of applying manure after made, I am
inclined to think is even less understood than the
best mode of raising it. Doubtless the better mode
of applying it, is broadcast; but until you shall
have greatly reduced the number of acres in culti
vation, I do not look forward to see this plan adopt
ed. In manuring in the hill, it has boon a prevail
ing opinion the poorer the land, tiie more manure
to be used ; the roverse of s tliis is true, and indeed
1 am ol the opinion that most persons pul loo much
manure on poor land where hill manuring is follow-
ed. A gentleman of this county, whom 1 deem
tiie very best and most successful corn planter in
the county, gives it as his experience that one half
pint of cotton send is better Ilian a larger quantity.
There is muclt used as manure that lias but little of
tiie necessary salts , consequently, large quantities
of this do but litil>-. harm or good. There are two
kinds of inunurc of acknowledged merit for cotton
seed, and stable manure. Let him who lias vari
ously used these manures, reflect back on his ex
perience, and he will find that, when he has usud
them sparingly, which hu may Itave been driven to
do, in order to make a given quuntity go over a
given field, itis corn hus exceeded his expectations ;
when he lias used them freely, say u half gallon or
more to tiie hill his yield has fallen short of Itis ex
pectation. Fromfutul effects in the two free use
of these manures, I Itave been induced to prosecute
these inquiries of more than 100 farmers. I have
tuund but two who say their experience has proved
otherwise.
I have stated that the spirit of emigration from
this county had been somewhat staid—it is essen.
(ially necessary to the great cause of agricultural
improvement, that every farmer should feel that lie
is permanently fixed. Until lie lints feels, he nev
er can feel all tile beauty, pathos and sublimity of
the poet, "home, home, sweet, sweet home, there's
no place like home.” He who feels tiie depth und
force of these words, must feel ns u patriot; he cun
but feel a deep interest in Itis country’s good.
That we ought to feel litis attachment to our na-
live soil, I hope will be conceded. You who had
the pleasure of hearing tiie uddress delivered by
one of your Club 12 months ago, hoard sufficient
reasons why we in this section of Georgia should
be content. Witli Itis views on litis subject, 1
most heartily concur. One of the means,however,
of making us content with our homes, is that they
should be improved. In tiie first place, we should
have around us, in erecting our buildings, as many
comforts us practicable. 1 would also have our
homes as much as practicable beautified. In con
sulting taste, tiie ladies are generally the best
judges, and will must usually be found the best ad-
visers in the meuns to lie used in beautifying our
homes. Tho effect, however, will le to muke our
sex fonder of their homes, to withdraw them (from
many sources of dissipation to which they now re
sort, to cause the son to look upon Itis iiihct t’ance
of Itis futher’s homestead as a boon beyond p rice,
by k indue** and humanity to inspire to the hearts
of .oil his subjects more trite loyalty a«d gratitude
than any noblemen of Europe ever possessed;
surely Ule to be wondered at that any young mtu
ie to be found willing to forego all these true digni
ties ; willing to turn over hi* servant* or Ids farm
to the management of an oversaer.
1 heft] it true, though not generally believed, that
no elation in life ie eo well adopted to the cultiva
tion of the mind ae that of (arming. No occupa
tion afforda more time to devote to etudy, none af-
forde better the meani uf useful knowledge.
Tiie young farmer does not erect Ids standard of
-ambition high enough. I would Itave him elevate
Itis ambition to the topmost round in the luddur
, Ue who elevates the highest, though often may he
ip ofcfl, '-Ihort, will seldom fail to arrive at a higher
atffhe s point titan he who never start* to climb.
Let the farmer/ee/that chemistry ia essential to
success and he will nut fail to acquire it. Let him
but feel the truth of that trite and old saying that
to knowledge belongs power; let him also feel
that it is a disgrace to be wiliout that knowledge,
with Itis meuns of acquiring, and ho will find him
sell oil the ladder climbing, nor will lie be content
abort of the topmost round. Let him but feel that
the public expects more from him limn from the
professional man, because lie lias belter opportuni
ties to devote to rending und improvement; that lie
will not be excused Itis prejudices which are not
founded in good sense, mid lie will immediately set
to wal k to obtain know ledge.
Let Itiit, but feel that on him is incurred the duty
of n perfect understanding of the nature of our go
vernment, and dial to him it is a disgrace that lie
should give up to utltors lliut uf milking tiie laws
under which lie lives, und lie »ill no longer he con
tent to remain ignorant.
Of lliut class of our citizens who are overseers,
I know of none who are nut required to labor, who
might not devote sufficient time to read every work
now published in the United Stales on agriculture.
L would not have litem adopt every new idea they
ace in an agricultural paper any more than I would
havo them adopt every new suggestion which they
receive in conversation about funning. Converse
with your neighbor—you mny find lie hus many
crude notions and theories, but yet you will con
verse witit none but you may obtain some valuable
and useful suggestion. In like manner I venture
to nssert tlmt no overseer or funner can read any
agricultural paper for ono year without gathering
trom it some suggestion which will amply repay
him built for tiie cost uf the paper and the time be
slowed in reading.
1 would desire that every overseer or farmer
iltould read and read attentively and regularly at
least one paper on agriculture. By that means Ito
may converse, not only with his neighbors, but witli
men of practical experience at n distance. True,
he will find some vague theories ; some crude tto
ttons; lie will occasionally'find writers who may
be justly styled "hook farmers," but lie will also
find lliut lie lias the nid, the advice, and tiie benefit
of the experience of many scientific, practical und
skilful fanners.
Think you it will be wortli nothing, when written
and published, to read how the manure was prepnr-
ed, how applied, and in whnl quantities—how tiie
soil was prepared, nnd how cultivated, to raise 90 j*
bushels of corn on one acre uf lund ? Think you
it will be without instruction when rend, to find an-
oilier individual used as muclt manure, us much la.
bor, attention und cure on another acre, and failed
to make 15 bushels of corn ? It mny he difficult
to say from which example you derive the greatest
benefit, but certain it is by carefully considering
the two plans, und Contrasting the one with tiie oth
er, yon and 1 may hope to gather knowledge. For
ntyself 1 should expect to be more benefited by
! feuding a full statement of tiie case in which fuii-
ry true Whig
to the future, end
Is party •* connect
to enuso tile father in preparing this home, to {trecl I ure ensued, titan where success uttended.
both comforts and elegancies with a view of tlve use
to be made of them. This same fooling, loo, will
stimulate us all to set enrnesl'y to woik to u nrich
and fertilize the soil. It will ntuke u« more care
ful to encourage kindness witli nnd to our n eigh-
bors ; it will give to us u solicitude und a curt i, thnt
our pour neighbors’ children ahull be educate (I ; it
will ensure tile education ofourown.it will make
us more active to pul down vice, because by it we
nre to "lie effected, and it will give tu ns a g renter
love of country, because we expect to seek n 3 oth
er.
Another of the obstacles to agricultural imj orove-
ment, is the low, hut false estimate put upon agri
cultural pursuits by public estimation. Hurel of ore
it Ims been considered that mere physical p o.wcr,
even bruto force, wus nil tlmt was ite-cessa.
ry to constitute a farmer. Tiie cfiect of these
ntislukcn notions and false premises have be eh fa
tal to agriculture, und to tiie best interest a f man
kind ; it has d awn off from tills calling t! ie most
of young men of promising usefulness, wl tilst the
young mut, without ambition, without tale nts and
without education huve been assigned to become
tanners, and ut the ex, enso of laying mys elf 1 in.
ble to be thought ungallant, I must he perm itted to
say that oven tile Indies Itave helped to fa .ten on
agriculture this want of popular favor by t'jo often
preferring Iter choice of a husband from ;h use hav
ing ollior pursuits ; this error in public est itoation,
for 1 cannot hut call itau error, lias been pr oductive
of much evil ; it lias deprived agricuitur e of the
benefit of those minds who would Itave p-roved
vnlunhlecitizens in this pursuit; it has often caus
ed disappointment to the heart of fair worn in by
giving her a husband loo proud to article, bt >t with
minds unsuited for distinction in other pursu its.
It is, however, to be Imped tlm't tbv. day is dawn,
ing when to be a farmer, a skillful pructic j| far
mer, is the highest praise tlmt can ‘be bestowed on
any rnun’s profession or calling, mover, no never
was there n greater mistuke tlmn to suppose tlmt
man could be a fanner without mind. No
calling admits of mure room for tho operation of
the mind, uuiio in which good jtidgtT, rent is more re.
quisite, none in which science may b e of more use.
Point to me tho inun, distinguishes J for Itis great,
ness, to which lias been united ackno' wledged virtue
und benevolence, and I will point to y uu some peri
od of that man’s life when lie Ims w illt eagerness
either emhraced the cultivation of tiie earth, as be
ing an employment in which lie lias sc ugbl the re.
poso and comfort which other pursuits have failed
to confer, or if he Ims not done so, you will find he
lias only been prevented from circunisttLticesibeyond
his control.
There is perhaps no part of tlio world, and cer
tainly no part of the United States In tiding out
more inducements for 11 young man to embrace the
life of n funner tlmn does Georgia, noplace where
he might become more distinguished and -especially
those young men who inherit estates con sisti ng of
luttds and slaves. He may acquire all the honors
of a nobleman, if ho will but inspire tiie “rat itude
of true nnd loyal subjects. Such usually havo, or
might havo liberal educations, they huve under
their charge human beings identified with tl'cir
earliest childhood—there is. between the master
and servnnl much, very muclt of that ancient fettl-
ing which existed in the feudal limes of our anco s-
tors of Great Britain. On the part of tiie sorvnr. t
there is the greatest veneration and reliance. H-e
looks to the young man who so lately Ims assumed
the title of Itis fullter with a moro perfect relianco
titan did any follower rely on Itis Lord uf ancient
times ; lie is rea- y to serve him to any reasonable
extent, he is seldom willing to serve or be ruled by
another; services when required hy any otheV'
person, even by the overseer of his Lords appoint
ment are not willingly yielded ; he is however,
ever ready to serve Itis owner. When we reflect
how much of comfort and contentment tits person
al attention of the young mnn bestows ; bow cor-
tait.ly Itis own supervision of his farm guaranties
to him plenty and wealth ; how conducive to his
own happiness employment most assuredly contri
butes ; tiie pleasurable reflection nrising from a
furm well managed , the cortainly that profits will
follow pleasure ; the consciousness of having the
1 would, Mr. President, tlmt 1 could to day point
out that high destiny which would accrue to tiiis
country by the united exertions of all our farmers
joining heartily ia promoting the cause of agricul
ture.
1 would, sir, that 1 wns able to make every young
man of fortune anti education feci In,,, mucli lie
owes sociuty, to point out to him the grant benefit
lie has lit Itis power to confer on future generations
by devoting the whole energies of Ills mind to agri
culture. I would tlmt I could convince him of the
pleasure to be derived from tiie reflection lliut lie
Ims been a benefactor tu Itis species.
And uboveuil, I would tlmt i could by nnytl
I might say, stimulate the young men ofthiscouu.
try to fuel tho high and honuruhlc standing they
possess, tho means of giving to agriculture by adopt
ing such a course of conduct us they itave tiie ca
paciiy an i power to perforin.
Will the Tariff be Repealed ?—In our arti
ole of yesletduy wo stated lliut the Democratic par.
tv would find great difficulty in fulfilling the pledgo
made during tho late canvass on the subject of the
Tariff, it is well known tlmt in many of the North,
ern States Mr. Polk was supported by the ultra
protectionists, while Mr. Clay was denounced as
the author of (hu Compromise Bill, trad tlio friend
oflow duties, it seems tlmt some uf tiie deluded
parties nre already begining to open their eyes to
the consequences of their folly, nnd the probability
of the overthrow of the Tariff of 1842. The Sun.
bury American, n highly respectable Loco-foco pa
per published, we believe, in Northumberland coun
ty Pennsylvania, seems to have taken tho alarm,
and speaks on the subject in litis manner :
".Mr. Polk, it is true, has not been so closely identi
fied witli the nmnulacturiiig interests as Mr. Clay, but
n must be recollected that ho has been sustained, and
nobly sustained ill this State. under many adverse cir
cumstances, with fit 11 confidence thnt lie would sustain
the manufacturing as well as other interests ofthe Stale,
according to the promise every where made by his own
personal and influential friends. Mr. Polk iB a man of
high character and spotless integrity. He, therefore,
cannot, and we think will not, basely betray those who
have placed their confidence in him. lie will recollect
that without Pennsylvania he could nuver havo been
elected. That the people of Pennsylvania are almost
unanimously in favor of a tariff, affording protection to
their manufactories. That it was with a firm belief that
he would foster these interests, as they had been assured by
himself and his friends, thut they gave him their support.
To betray them now would be worse than Arnold's 'Trea
son. These we kuuw to bo tlio feelings of almost the
entire Democracy of this section of the State, and we
nt ight say of tho whole State, The four counties of
Northumberland, Columbia, Schuylkill and Luzerne,
gave hitn a majority of FOUR THOUSAND SIX
HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-ONE. These counties
possess almost boundless wealth in their coal and iron,
and aro, therefore, deeply interested 111 the tariff.--
They have given this large vote under the most posi
tive assurance that llteir great interests would be pro
tected, and woe be Io man who should attempt to betray
them."
How must the Editor of the Charleston Mercury,
and his co laborers in Free Trade, chuckle over the
gullibility of thoso simple iieartcd, deluded voters
ofthe four grent coal and iron producing counties
of (he Key-Stone Slate. Such stupidity and fully
is only equalled by the unmanly and whining sp : rit
which breathes in the paragraph abovo quoted. If
Pennsylvanians have thus blindly disregarded their
own interests, and jeoparded the true policy of (ho
Union ; if they have played false to posterity—let
them not lay the blame to James K. Polk, but to
there own silly credulity. Mr. Polk's views were
well known. His recorded arts spoke but one Inn.
hinge, and men were unwise to put faith, eitiier in
D ie pledges of his friends or the professions of him-
telf, lifter his nomination.—Pensylvania and New.
York have sacrificed their principles for parly ; let
1 hum now compose themselves, in quiet, to meet
the consequences; and were it not that others
would be involved in the result, we should not be
averse to seo them enjoy them tu llteir hearts' con.
ent.—-Sae. Repub.
A young Russian artist, on being told that God
was greater than the Emperor, replied—“Yes, but
true feeling of a nobleman; having it in Itis power < tiien the Emporor is young !”
■tourilljrjflit
......emptate the pi .
•4 with the permanence and drell'uro of our com
mon couptry.4 Our opponents aware of this, have
already eel the'meelves to work, to disnffecl our men
They effect to bolievo that the Whig parly is dis-
banded—tlmt its constituents purls will at once
separate and ecek new association* and conibiiia.
lions.
Our present object is to guard our friends nnJ
all true Whigs nguinsl harboring for a single mo
ment, suclt thoughts us these. We assure litem
that as a parly, the Whigs Itave never been liulf *0
strongly united us al the present moment, even un
der llteir present defeat. In 1840, tbough trium
phant before tiie people, they were comparatively
weak. They were then a party cotnpuscd of a
variety of distinct and conflicting interests. They
were not harmonious either insonliinent or policy.
Even the men tiien chosen as our leaders differed
111 opinion upon many of the great and important
questions before the peuole. Tiie parly, in a word,
then eontuined wi.hiu itself tlio elements of its fu
ture defeat.
Our opponents on tiie other Itnnd, wexe then more
overwhelmingly dcfuuted limit we noware. They
had against litem 148,008 majority on the populur
vote, with nineteen of tho twenty-six Stutes of tiie
Union. Yet thut parly rallied front its defeat und
is now triumphant.
Wltal a lesson is here for the Whigs? Let us
glance ut the present condition of the two great
parties and learn wisdom for the future. Tiie
Democrats now, ns were tiie Whigs in 1840, are
composed of fucliuns holding sentiments and opin
ions not only variant, but totally irreconcilable.—
Tiie party isu combination, such as it wus describ
ed by Mr. Calhoun to be in 1838—it lias been
formed and is held together by the “cohesive power
ofthe public plunder.” We speak tills not of the
mass of tiie party, but of the leaders and of a par-
ticulnr faction. The Federalist of 1812 and the
Nuliiicr of 1832—the Member of the Htirlfuid
Convention und the Disunionist of ’41—tlio ultra
Protectionist ofthe North und the Free Trade ad
vocate of tiie Soutlt—the Religionist und tiie Mem-
her of the Empire Club—the Puritan und the Mor-
mon, Calhoun and Birney, with llteir respective as
sociates and confederates, huve by this power, been
held together during the madness and excitement
of a brief campaign—but no man in his senses can
suppose that suclt elements can coalesce and ulti
mately foam u united and iturnionious whole. The
present Democratic parly cannot possibly remain
united. .The pledges made to the different factions
that composed it duriug the lute cunvass render this
impossible. No one promise can be fulfilled will),
out giving direct offence to conflicting interests.—
A reduction ol tiie duties upon iron nnd wool when
granted on the demand of South Carolina, will
give cause for complaint on the part of Pennsyl.
vania and New York. These, on the other hand,
will demand a modification of the duties upon su
gar when Louisiunn will at once be in arms. So we
might run over the whole cutalogue of promises
made during tiie late canvass, and show thut the
triumphant party cannot move a single step with,
out embarrassment nud danger. Already the rival
interests begin to move, the recent indications
at Washington betoken anything but peace and
quiet to the new administration. Even in South
Carolina the evidences of suspicion and distrust are
shadowed forth. There tiie more candid of the
party admit thut they Itave no confidence in Polk
and Itis adherents. They have embraced him, not
thnt titey Irate Democracy less, but Wltiggery more.
Even nt a recent commemoration of their victory
in tliul Slate, we are informed that some of (lie ora
tors scarcely alluded to Mr. Polk. One of them
suid lie would not disgrace itis fellow-cilizons by
addressing (Item as Democrats, be would sppuk to
litem as the Republican BARONSofSouih Carolina!!
Wlrat a beautiful specimen here of the Democracy
of tiie present day, wltal u prospect dues litis sim
ple incident open to tiie eye of (lie prtriot Whig, as
lie turns in anxiety and doubt, to gaze down tiie
dim vista of futurity ?
Now turn we for a momonl to tiie Whig Purty.
When Iras that party been so united in seuliineiil or
feeling as in tlio lute canvass,—From the North to
the extreme South, the same creed was adopted in
every Slate and by every interest. Our principles
were openly proclaimed—the people knew not only
what we were opposed to, but wltal we were for.—
We had but one faith, and right cordially did we all
rally to its great representative. We are defeated
by combinations und management, but nre our prin
ciples less dear to us because of our misfortunes ?
Where is the true hearted honest Whig thut does
not more closely hold to Itis opinions now than before
the election 7 Who docs not love our gallant lead
er more devotedly in the midst of disnster, than if
Itis brow were this moment crowned with tiie civic
wreath, and millions of'fVecmen engaged in shouting
pens ut Itis success ? To suclt Whigs ns these, it
is that wo desire to say a few words.
What, then, is your du yos patriots, ns Whigs,
os lovers of your country, und as the guurdiuns of
your rising posterity ? Will you disband 7 Wilt*
you give up the battle, because routed in litis ono in
stance ? Will you seek new associations, and
strive, by new combinations, to accomplished that
which you have failed to do under the glorious
banner of ’76 nnd ’40, united ?—We sincerely
trust that no Into Whig will think of such a
course. It is true, we Itave reason to complain
of tlio moans used for our defeat. It is true,
perhaps, thuuotne of our present laws need modi,
fiention or amendment, but let us not rush headlong
tu intolerance ? Let us go carefully to work to en
lighten and correctly inform the people, both it, ro.
gitril to our sen'intents nnd our feelings. Let us
prepare for the future, nor despair, for u moment, of
tlio Republic. The evil will work its own cure.
Should tlio dominant puny carry out its professed
principles, we doubt not the result will bo disastrous
to tlio country—then the renclion will bn over
whelming, and our triumph will be as permanent as
certain. Should they bu on the conservative course,
nnd sustain, even in part, the policy of the Whigs,
file people will not the less cerluinly repudiate them,
while the influence upon the country will be less de.
struetive. In tlio language ofa contemporary, Hite
mutual interests, hopes and fears of tlio Whigs
Itave united them into a great brotherhood—Itave
bound them together by lies as sacred, almost, us
those which unite a family—and in the loss of llteir
great louder, they mourn as a I'umily deprived of
its head. Advursity und affiietiou Itave drawn
lighter tiie cords of nfft-ciioii among the more dis.
interested ; and let nothing be done to disturb litis
friendship. Let 11s hold lust to the old Whig as
sociations—tiie old and honored Whig principles,
which are as irniiiiiluble us truth itself.”
"Our watchword should then be—omoard on
ward—lor the Whig party, us tlio best meuns of
preserving our institutions from the corruptions of
Loco.focoism—the recklessness of dictators and
disorganizers, and from all combinations, under
svory iimns and nature, religious, social, mil.
itury, or political. Tlio future hopes of the coun
try rest upon the Whig party—and on tho words of
(lie gallant Lawrence, we say, ‘Don’t give tip the
sltip.” In all that we have heard, thus far from
town and country, the answer, in substance, is,
“ We won't give up the ship!"—Sav. Rep.
. PI
. . Wrigfe.tl,.
, . . . /etoXt bringing u» dait»
m«t., from thet city—fourteen day* later th«n
account*, W e do‘not find much important
our fife*. “*■,»
l'ri sident Houston has issued his proclamatio* k!
quiring the,next session of Congress—iba ausTJr
convene iu (be town of Washington on the f) nt o'*
■i*« *« lw»mti«ii«M. There seems to be
tat of Government at Auttia. 4T
Mr. Clay.—Tito Louisville Juurnnl of Monday
has the following :
Correction.—Wo published a paragraph on
Saturday representing Mr. Clay as having said, on
hearing of Itis defeat, thut lie wus “consoled by the
fact tlmt he had been supported by the intelligence
und patriotism of (ho nation.” Wo feel callod on
to correct a typographical error lest it bn constru
ed to Mr. Dluy’s prejudice by ilia ever watchful
enemies. I]is remark, us reported 10 us in writ,
ing, wet that ho w as‘‘consoled by tlio fact that hu
had boot) supported by so large a portion ui tiie in
telligence end patriotism of tiie nation.
day in Dteembernext
position to have the seat or Uovertiiuent at Auiijj,
It was reported m Galveston on the Oil, i Rlt .
gentleman just from the West, that intelligent* Xl!
reached Ban Antonio that all Northern Mexico t|2
tlio Rio Grande is now in a state of revolt sgainsg
D.ctstor. The report, as brought bv the MexicanSf.
jor, who represents bintself as having deseneA .7**
Gen. Woll’s army, is, that Arista it now marclinwS
the city of Mexico with an army of 17,000 wen—*!!
lie is already beyond the mountains, and that his
bers aro daily and rapidly increasing by fresh reeiZi
from all the surrounding country, It is stated tint tL
spirit of revolution is universal and overwhclmiS
Tlio report appears to have obtained bat little crodcnL
and occasioned no great excitement. '
The citizens of Montgomery have given a publicduL
r to President Houston in the town of lluntaville it
compliment for his public services. " s
The Galveston News of the 9(b inst. say,
tidings can be beard from the schooner Atlantic, boM
to tins port from New York. It is the general gapto,
sion she is lost. She bad on board several resident ca.
izens of Texas who were returning from a visit I01U
Norili.” *
The Hon. R. D. Johnson was married to Mist Mujg
da Maffit, (a daughter, we believe, of the celebrity
Methodist clergyman, J. N. Maffit,) at GalveBtga, N
the 61I1 instant. '
A few days ago, a house, with a kitchen and <shc
tenements, w ere all removed on wheels at once touai
distance in the prairio at Galveston, by a Mr. Lcn-a
so gentle was the transition, that the famliy were ig
lending to cooking dinner during the operation. Iim
a groat novelty to the good people of tho place.
The Vindicator of the 28th ult says :
Four English and German vessels left Bremea£j
Galveston several weeks since; they havo on
250 families each, intended to settle in the colony tf
Col. Fisher. One thousand families, therefore, will he
on our frontier in less than 60 days, armed and stop
ped for either the cultivation ofthe toil or the cliuii^.
ment of the foe. There were, we learn, at tha tine
of the Bailing of these four vessels, about 2000 mm
emigrants awaiting a passage. Vessels have siiei
been chartered for their conveyance. Another ywrul
peace, and our whole extended frontier will be settled
if so, good by annexation, we will not want it.” '
The peoplo of Harris county, it ie va-cl, arc ibtxt
constructing a railroad from the town of Aiarabattu
Port Caddo, a distance of about furteen miles, hit
thought it can be completed for 93(1000, aa it is met,
level surface of country.
From the "Planter,” published at Columbia, we.
that cotton picking on the Brazos goes on well, andca*
ton begins to roll in. Considerable quantities of ea.
toil have also arrived at Galveston.
The editor of the Civilian has been presented wifi
an excellent specimen of sugar, a part of a crop of lot)
hogsheads, from the plantation of Mr. Juhn Sweeney,
on the Ban Barnard, in Brazoria, which is said to be in!
perior in al! respects to any sugar previously nude ii
Texas. Other plantations have also succeeded in pro,
ilucing a good article—those of CoL Caldwell led
Judge Alaiufee arc mentioned.
The editor of tiie Galveston News was informed by
some of tiie Mier prisoners lately released, thnt their
liberation was effected through the exertion and iuffo.
ence of Governor Shannon, the American Minister,tad
not hy the dying request ol the wife of Santa Anne, is
had been supposed.
Annexation.—Imporlanlfrom Teras.-Inthe Ciisrfe*-
ton Mercury, of Saturday last, we find the fuflowisg
extracts from New Orleans papers among other nen
by tiie schooner Ijone Star, arrived from Galvcslno,
with dates to 2d inst. They will be read with intemt,
particularly as the views of President Jones on the mb.
ject of Annexation have been in considerable doubt.
The papers say : “From an extract front a letter itiri.
buled to Dr. Jones. President elect of Texas, and which
recently found its way into the papera in the United
States, we were led to believe that that geutlcmio'i
opinions regarding annexation had been misrepreseot-
ed, and that lie was in favor of I lie measure. It nos
appears that tiie original opinion was correct—Dr.
Jones is opposed to annexation. An eniphntic indict,
tion of tins was furnished so soon ns it was ascertained
dial Jones was elected. Mr. Terrill was tent Mins
ter 10 England, and Mr. Riely Minister tu the United
Suites—Mr. Van Zandt having boeu re called. The
two Brut named gentlemen have diolinguiohed them.
selves in llteir hostility to annexation, as well as io
llteir efforts to bring about a commercial connection
with England.”—Sac. Rep.
[cOHKKsroNDkNCE OF 1HK CHAKLSTON COUIIIKR.]
W ASA ING TUN, NtlV. 21.
There seems to be, at this time, a strong feeling In
the public mind in favor of a restoration of the splen
dor of the U. S. Senate. The country has derived hon
or and our people great gratification, from the glluy
of talent that formerly shone there. 1 learn from shit
seems to be guod authority, that Mr. Webster, yield,
ing to the solicitation of his fr,ends, has consented la
return to his post in the Senate, in the place of Ur,
Choate, who wishes to resign.
There are to bo two vacancies in tho Senalorinl del
egation front New York, and it is more than probahk
that Mr. Van Buron will be persuaded to accept imp*
puiii'.ment to one of litem.
Efforts will be made to induce Mr. Clay to leave hit
retirement anil enter again upon the theatre of ftiagls-
r y- ..."
Mr. Calhoun will also, it is hoped, at no distant IU
contribute his nigh character and unsurpassed power!
to the dignity of the Senatorial body.
There was never a lime when the S -nate afforded
wider field for the display of intellectual strength, ui
nevor a lime when the public interests more required
the counsels of wisdom and experience, in that poire-
fill body, than the present.
I find, a-I suggested the other day, that titer* ii
be a strong and determined opposition, in tlio demucnl.
ic ranks, to Mr. Calhoun’* participation in lint Cabinet
counsels, under Mr. Polk. Mr. Polk will, of conn*
judge for himself of the propriety of inviting Mr. Cal
houn to remain in the State Department, but it isW'
dent that the interests and ulterior views of Mr.
ton and of Mr. Wright and others, will not bn proms'
ted by such an arrangement. It may well be doubted,
too, whether Mr. Calhoun will deem it public or find it
agreeable to retain the post.
Now York waived her claim upon the 1’residmcjj
at the Baltimore Convention, ouly for a season, and
from the necessity of entering into such a compronM*
as would secure success to the party, ill its then *1®**
desperate struggle to regain power. It is concede*
too, that, without tho vole of the Stale of New Verb
Mr. Polk would not have been elected ; and tho vote oj
New York wouid not have been cast for Mr. I’olk,***
not Silas Wright thrown himself into the breach, aad
consented, against his wish, to become the candidal*
for Governor. There is no doubt that it whs pupshrH
ty of Mr. Wright which secured success to the deBus
cralic ticket in New York. Tho old Van Burenorga**'
ization stands as firm as ever, and all its power and®”
fluonce are tu bo exerted in lavor of Mr. VVrigltt M U»
successor of Mr. Polk.
NEW YORK—(Official.) ,
We have full returns of the voto on the electonu,
ticket, in every county in the State, copied front lM-|
abstracts of the returns in the office of the Secretary^
Stale. They may be varied very slightly by thc fW*j
canvassers. Compared with 1840, the voto aland lh(S«
1844. 1840. , *
Polk. 237 588 Van Buron, 212.741
Clay, 233,408 Harrison, 223,9iS
Polk’s ntaj. 5,180 IlarrisnnV 13,171 •
Tho Abolition vote for Birney is 15,812. iu
was 2,483—Albany Argus. .-—1"°
The Washington correvponl of the Now York
tnerctal Advertiser writes—
Mr. Robert Armstrong, of Nashville, now post in***'
at that place, stands very high in Mr. Polk ■ coufid®**',
and will unquestionably be taken into the Cabin®,* .
one ef Mr. Polk’s advisers.
It is said that we are to Itave, in a day or lw», *
Pennsylvania review of Mr. Polk’s policy on th***r j
ject of the lariffi by way of a *et off to the remit*** , r
letu r which appear* in tho Richmond Enquirer, fro®
South Carolina politician, and whiclt represent**- 1
Polk as declaring himself jit favor of a atricl rcren**''
tariff - , founded on the compromise act.
Delaware.—^'ITie PliiluijoijiliiTNorth America^
s»y« ;—VVe «ee it voriounly noted that the
ral votes of Delawur* will he thrown out, ot *T.,
count of an ailugad informality of tlio asses**® 1 *
making llteir returns, '('he fact of the infor®®
returns is w* bolievv, correct, but tbe Legisl* 1 *^
ha* full power to rectify eny inforntaliiTi , *jT.
necessary, an extra eeeeiun will be cellvd. ThJJ.
it will not very the result, tbe blue lien’* cbieke^'
must be allowed to record their cluck.