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r^rr?^j m mftftSmfrm tUfrv* H* aim. <*»
(fa^Tto r'UTicii tcoaour, tl» imammim,®* ««k,
** * 1, *** l ° * ueo ®** < * ,k * IL,k#rt y
*&]!,,«*•>#*I! Everything b. to how
W .. tl.« ur'’«rvatmn anJ itrowit, of (lie "l.beriy
iinvi J 1 ' ,. 1|n) , sW0 | ih„ »Uv» i» •iMmnf.tlia iMtWi'.l.
P*^- >, ar o nothmif, iho honor »»d piwpor.iy of
<* 1* ar*no 1 hii>*. in nomiiiiriaon wilh (he “growth -
'ZZES***'' '* PM* If *"J Whig Liberiy mho
. iarli#.'d linmaftor in a party with *0«h
i lot him wnu mbef that an upon declaration of
1 iMbeea inn.l* by <ho party maiiagera againal ilia
** «il»> ‘nnrii i«es” the “roi.lTiOAt. iconoM?" tlto
and the “men” of Iho WJiij?*, ami then
"h* 4 . ■ v „; c in that direction if hia conacienco will let
***, yu. nr o elad the cloven foot 11 di.pUyeil so
him* , ,
plainly *» I**'-
Mow it ' yM IStnt.—I he Ale.vanilria Oazolloeays;
Wait*informed that in some pain of Pennsylvania,
• UJ the late Proa. oli-Ction, Mr. Clay’s speeches
’’Trcrof the Tariff wore tr.nohtted into Gerniftu, and
'* * „ri n , e d and anion* ilm Gorman pnpnlalion head.
7! ' Pulk'i spivch in favor of 'he Tariff.' And that
™ pjfcspeech* llm Tariff were printed and
"'Vj al i\Jr. Clay’s speech i^itiitsMhe Tariff.' This
what «vo call going it pretty s'rung !’’
[c 0 aat»ro*i>i»c* or ma charlmto* courikh.]
1 NVasaington, Nnv, 28.
menu of'lhe'SeVhll/'r" 1 / ,™ i,ro l ,|,# nenled the aenti-, ju »!*^*U tbs luriSrads.MreplyMliw I the'
I "touts of the Methodist* of Texas. •rtbi.75rsr.ini.nt snd neonls. Oreat Britain bavins rseog-
af Ibis govarninant and peopls. Urett Britain having rseog-
■issdhsrmsp.mniMUiy So VspsJr til such wrongs, by her no-
lioata uigyv casesMlve* noth ng mbs regretted upon this anb-
Very few inemhcrs of Congress have, as yet, arrived.
rv were never It 10W11, belore. to be so lardy as a body,
i • n f the Kentucky members have arrived, and
.alonethem Mr. Ex-Speaker White
* , |,Vo, founded on 11 loiter received I
There is a ru-
I by Mr, Bibb, that
Mr Ci.*T is very ill. It must bo entirely erroneous,
lar'jir. White toft him last Wednesday 111 lino health
,j excellent spirits.
* y ( (Jijy was quite well satisfied with the result of
the election, and was proud of the splendid Halil which
Hi, party had undo.
I have heard several gentlemen speak of convorea-
limn held with John Quincy Adams, outlie subject of
tbs results of the late election. Hia opinions are of in
terest, at this tmio, and lie is by no means reserved in
unking them known. He says that Texas will bo
brought into the Union, and that the British Govern,
oieul will simply pretest against the act, and avail her-
rel! of the example to carry into execution some of her
'They will,he says, (ate possession of Cuba, and we
cannot complain of it, after taking Texas. Great Bril,
jin, he save, will guaranty to Spain the same amount
oi revenue that she noiv teceives from Cuba. Ab to
France, lie says, that government cannot complain of
the act. for she lias taken possession of Algiers, and
Great Britain will allow Iter to extend Iter African pen.
session as far as she pleases. Mexico, he says, will not
make war upon us, on account of the annexation.
Aa to the tariff, lie says, it will not be essentially
irimjiljed, during Mr. Polk's administration. The Gov
ernment will need tlio whole nf the present revenue,
especially after the annexation of Texas. ’J’tiere must
be aa increase lie thinks, of the n.tvy and army.ou that
account.
The next Presitlsntial contest would be between Mr.
Caluoun ami Air. Wright. Mr. Calhoun would uecea-
sarily, in hie opinion, have, at least the option of re.
roaming in the State Department.
Theso views are of interest, anti may turn out to ho
prophetic. There are, however, some signs that the
aiincxation project will be abandoned, or at least left nil
open question. The northern democrats are utterly
apposed to it; and many of the southern politicians are
indficrenttoit.
Notv that the election is over, we presume it will do
poharin to give the following anecdote. But if any one
feelesqueamish, we have only to say that the cliarac.
ters introduced are Mr. Bkinner, the Post Master of
Baltimore under Gen. Jackson’s admiustratum, and at
present an Assistant Post Master General, and the eth
er Mr. Webster, of Massachusetts. We copy from the
Boston Courier.
Massfield.—Sometime in September, Cel. Skinner
of Washington, gratefully known to this country as
ed,lor of the “American Farmer,” and, lately of the
“TurtRegister,” visited New England. He saw among
lie much to praise, and, if anything to condemn, his
abundant charily neglected to make record thereof. He
was with us, “taking notes,” and—thanks to his kind
les*!—lie has printed them. We submit to day what
lie writes of Marsfield !
“Among ether places. I made a visit to Marsfield,
and there ale chowder, made chiefly of codfish, taken
in the “deep waters of the dark blue sea,” by the hand
Book and line, of the great American Commoner him
self.
“Arriving before dinner, he tnook us first through his
corn field, by way of an appetizer; and what with the
thickness ui the corn and number of the pumpkins on
the ground, you might as well have been dragged through
a Mississippi cane brake. I could not help thinking
what glorious music a good pack of harriers would
make in it, in pursuit of a grey fox or wild cat. A large
portion ol the field would undoubtedly yield eighty
hushcle of corn to tile acre, and yet corn of the same
height wiih us would not produce twelve bushels. He
was proud, and he had reason to he, of bis large field ,
of “siredti"—ins twelve beautiful heifers, of the slock
he selected in England—and of bis South Down sheep,
of winch he generously tendered as many as I
would accept. I selected a buck and two ewes, to go
into Prince George's county. But of all things which
he seemed the (ondeet 01 and treasured wilh the most
familiarity, 1 may mention his noble oxen 1—eome six or
eight yoke—that would average in the shambles at
least twelve hundred. He seemed, too, to felicitate
himself particularly in the shade of a venerable and
nwgai/Icesf elm near Ins house, “rtliginne aatrnin nul-
ioSKnalant per annot," its graceful branches ex I ending
ever a diameter of a hundred feet.”
We are guilty of no intentional violation o! tin) char
ities of dumcslic Life, in relating a circumstance of the
-dinnerto which ike writer alludes : Wlteu CoL Skin-
tier was asked if ho would take chowder, he replied ;
“Yuur questionreinitids me ot an anecdote ( rend m the
newspaper a few days since. Bather a raw couatry-
nun called with his sweetheart upon the clergyman of
his parish. In lie inarm'd. He evidently was unaccus
tomed In the ceremony', and yet the answer he gave,
when 1 l,o piresm asked him if he would take the tvo.
<1100 as Ins wedded wife, was pertinent, and will serve
me also for a reply:— To be sure / will; l came <t* pur-
ym! H
A lIonRim.X ArrAiu _ A loit—t t ■ og* eioew unnaiMBy ngiooa regr.iiaaupoti iiiissim-
wich U'and., published in the
“f - - * plainly within the principle of other*, which she hM loaf
since adjusted. Tit* injury inflicted by delay tin the **ttl*«
incut ol the** claims fell* with sevsrhy upon the individual
claimants, and makes a strong appeal to hei magnanimity and
oenoe of justice for a speedy settlement. Other matters, aris
ing out of the cenatruotlon of existing treaties, also remain
unadjusted, nnd will continue to be urged upon her attention.
The labors of the joint committee appointed by the two go
vernments to rtii) the dividing line established by the treaty of
Washington, were, unfortunately, much delayed in the com
mencement of the Hudson by the failure of Congress, at the
last session, to make a timely appropriation of funds to meet
the expenses of the Americun party, and by other causes.
The United .States commissioner, however, expresses his ex
pectation that,by increased diligence ami energy, the party
will be able to make up for lost time.
Wo continue to receive assurances of the most friendly
feelings on the part of all the other European powers: with
each, and all ot whom, it is so obviously our interest to culti
vate tile most amicable relations. Nor cun I anticipate the
occurrence of any event which would be likely, in any degree,
to disturb those relations. Russh,the great northern power,
under the judicious sway of her emperor, is constantly ad
vancing in the road of science and improvement ; while
Fruiic«,gu ided by the counsels of her wise sovereign, pursues
a course calculated to consolidate the general peace. Spain
has ohtuined a breathing spell of some duration from the in
ternal convulsions which have, through so many years, marr
ed her prosperity ; while Austria, the Netherlands, Prussia-
Uelgium, ami the other powers of Europe, leap a rich har
vest of blessings from the prevailing peace.
I informed the two houses of Congress, in my message of
December last,thut instructions had been given to Mr. When*
Merlin , to negotiate a treat v with the Uer-
The Governor of South Carolina recently issued a
Proclamation f u r a day ul thanksgiving, a«J oxburtoil
P^plv c! all denominations to “assemble 1/t lUtnr re-
.pective places of worship, to offer up their iliwulitnts
tu God ttie Creator,and brs sun Jesus Christ, the Uv-
ol the world."
WlierciipnH the Israelites of Charleston Ucli a pub-
lie meeting, and addressed the Governor upon such a
phrasiM'hijry, a* entirely excluded them from any par-
ticipunj i ni the religious ceremonies of the day as pro
posed by hint.
Governor HnnamoiW replied wilh some warmth, set-
Httg form ids views upon tbn subject, and declaring
•battlmajrh ho was not a professor of religion, or, by
cducati»u nr habit, particularly attached to any dettunii-
njtian, yet |, c thaught himself the Chief Magistrate of
acltri.tiau people, and lie says, at the lime ol writing,
* dill qst.iir.aur to k m tbnt there might be Israelites,
~ L ‘i ( *lit, Aih(?jgt&, of a«y other cJaxu of ertizuna in ti»©
who denied the divinity of Jenua Christ; hikI,
•Owjequem |y, he ailudea to the death of the Redeemer,
‘to Israelites refer the answer of his Excellency to
* committee, who made a report, in which they show
** ,a ' the Proe la untie ti departed from the usual tenor of
•uch instruments, in the very particular te which the
^plami relates. They deny that the State Govern*
J^nt is one u f loler/tnce, but obo of equal rights; ami
«icy say that the Proclamation should have invited the
People of every denommxtien, without presenting the
^'•de of tlwnkajriving ; and, finally, the report, fi.-rlarea
^opininnthat his Excellency would have been more
•Will ot the feeling's of same of hie coNStilueule, hud
™ been a professor,
It is out probable that Governor Hammond will re-
^ Q.»EEfi Ojuecx.—Wo once saw in Connecticut
of the queerest looking bUekicsJ imaginable, iiis
.* c #Wfc8eo black that he coutd'ltell when 'iwas morn.
•J8—hm ivoul curled so tight that it made isim round
* ouidered—his nose was so flit and greasy, he had
0 put tar on kis finger* when he wanted to blow it—
fli 1 ! •* Woro *** r could*til go through a corn-
1 without splitting the gtaJks—and hih heels were
»long, ii aag impossible ior him logo down hilt wifJi-
tying a couple of stones on them for ballast. He
of mortification, which comuteuced in fits
consequence ofiheir being loo crookcyl for the
lK)t l0 find il« way up &ud dowu them.
^ Clv.rgvman Denounced.—The Reverend John
. * - - - Jersey—iho latter a color-
u man. I liny hired a boat from some natives, and af
ter b ung at sea three days and uiglila, without food or
eater, were cast on shore fn a slate of starvation on the
ocks ol i.anai. I hc-y were not able to get up the pre
cipice, and agreed to cast loin who should dio for the
benefit of the other two. The lot fell on Von Clief,
vyhowna killod by blows on his head wilh a atono—
iney then cut his arm and throat and drank his blood;
alter which they cut a piece from his right arm and ate
il. Alter they become strengthened, they got up the
precipice, and met with some natives who gave them
lood, nnd brought them acrost the island, to Lahaina,
in canoes. They were tried for murder and acquitted.
Bult. Sun, 19f/i \n$t.
mess ache: -
Of (he President of (he United States, to the two
Houses of Congress, at the commencement of the
Second Session of the 28th Congress.
To Ihe Senate and House of Repretonlativet of the United
Stale*:
We have continued causa for expensing our gratitude to
the Supreme Ruler of the Universe for the beuofiin uml ble.AH-
tngn which our country, uuder bin kind providence, h is cn-
jo>cd during the lu*t year. Notwithstanding the oxciting
Rcetica through which wo havo paHaed, nothing has occurred
to disturb the general peace,or derange the liurinony of our
political Hvstein. The great moral spectacle has been exhib
ited, of a nation, approximating in number to 20,000,000 of
people, having norlormed the high ami important function of
oleetmg their Chief Magistrate fortlio term of four years,
without the commission of any acts of violence, or a manifes
tation of a spirit of insubordination to the laws. The great
and inestimable right of suffrage has been exercised by all
who were invested with it, under the laws of the different
States, in a spirit dictated alone by a desire, in iho selec
tion of the agent,to advance the interests of the country, nnd
to place beyond jeopardy the institutions under which it is
our happiuess to five. That the deepest interest has been
mnnileslodby all our countrymen in the result of the eloction,
is not lees true thou highly creditable to them. Vast multi
tudes have assembled, from time to time, at various places,
for the purpose of canvassing the merits and pretensions of
those who were presented for their suffrages; but no armed
soldiery has (icon necessary to restrain, within proper limits,
the popular zeal, or to prevent violent outbreaks. A princi
ple much more controlling wus found it! the love of order nnd
obedience to the laws, which, with mere individual excep
tions,everywhere possesses the American mind,and controls
with an influence (nr more powerful than hosts of armed men.
We cannot dwell upon this picture without recognising in it
that deep amt devoted attachment, on ihepnrt of the people,
to tiie institutions under which we live, which proclaims their
perpetuity. The great objection which bus always prevailed
against the election by the people of their chief executive of
ficer, lias been the apprehension of tumults and disorders,
which might involve in ruin the entire government. A secur
ity against tiiis, is found not only in (lie fact hoioro alluded to,
hut in the additional fact that we live underu confederacy
bracing already twenty-six States—no one of which has pow
er to control the election. The popular vote in each State
is taken at the time appointed hy the laws, und such vote is un-
ounced by the electoral college, withont reference to the de-
ision of ilm other States. The right of suffrage, and the
lode of conducting the election, are regulated by the laws of
ucli State ; and the election is distinctly federative in all its
, roinineiit features. Thus it is that, unlike what might be
the results under a consolidated system, riotous proceedings,
should they prevail,could only affect the elections in single
States, without disturbing, to uny daugeJousextent, the tran
quility of others. The gre.ut experiment of a political con
federacy—each member of which is supreme as to all matters
appertaining to its local interests, un.t its internal peuce und
huppiness; whi|e { by u voluntary compact with others, it
confides to the united power of all the protection of its citi
zens in matters not domestic—has been so far crowned wilh
complete success. The world lias witnessed.its rapid growth
in wealth und population : ami, under the guidance amldirec-
lion of a superintending Providence, the developments of the
past limy he regarded hut as the shadowing forth of the
mighty future. In the bright prospects ol tliat future we shall
find, as patriots ami philanthropists, the highest inducements
to cultivate uud cherish a love of union, and to frown down
every mcasiue or effort which maybe made to alienate the
States,or the people of the Stales, in sentiment and feeling,
from eucli other. A rigid and close udhorence to the terms
of our political compact, ami, above all, a sacred observance
of the'guaranteci of the constitution, will preservo union on a
foundation which cannot hertlmken; while personal liberty is
placed beyond hazard or jeopardy. The guarantees of reli
gious freedom, of the freedom of the press, of the liberty of
speech, of the trial by jury, of the habeat cornu*, and of the
domestic institutions ot each of the States—leuving the pri
vate citizen in the full exercise of the high und ennobling at
tributes of his nature, and to each Stule the privilege, which
can only be judiciously exerted by itself, of consulting the
means best calculated to advance its own happiness,—these
are the great and important guarantees of the constitution,
which the lovers of liberty must cherish, und the advocates
Of union must ever cultivate. Preserving thoao, and avoiding
all interpolations hy forced construction, under the guise of
an imagined expediency, upon the constitution, the infliiencs
of our political system’is destined to hens actively and
beneficially felt on the distant shores of the Pacific, as it is
now on those of the Atlantic ocean. The only formidable
impediments in the way of its succestiful expansion (time and
space) are so lur in the progress of modification, by the im
provements ofthe age, as to render no longer speculative the
ability of representatives from that remote region to come up
to the capitol,so that their constituents shall participate in
all the benefits of federal legislation. Thus it is, that in the
progress of time the inestimable principles of civil liberty
will be enjoyed by millions yet unborn, and the great benefits
of our system of government he extended to now distant and
uninhabited regions. In view of the vast wilderness yet to
lie reclaimed, wo may well invite the lover of freedom, of eve
ry land, to take up his abode among us, and assist us in the
great work ol advancing the standard of civilization, aud giv
ing a wider spread to the arcs and refinements of cultivated
life. Our prayers should evermore be offered up to the Fath
er of the Universe for his wisdom to direct us in the path of
our duty, so as to enable us to consummate these high pur
poses.
One of th® strongest objections which has been urged
against confederacies, hy writers ou government,is, the iiuhii-
itv of the members to be tampered wilh by foreign govern
ments, or the people of foreign States, either in their local
affairs, or in such as affected the peace of others, or endanger
ed the safety of the whole confederacy. We cannot hope to
be eutiroiy exempt from such attempts on our peace and sale-
tv. 'Hie United Stutus lire becoming too important in popu
lation and resources not to attract the observation of oilier
nations. It therefore may, in the progress of time occur that
opinions entirely abstract in the States in which they may
provail,und in no degree affecting their domestic institutions,
may he artfully, but secretly, encouraged with u view to un
dermine the Union. Such opinions may become the founda
tion of political parties, until at last thu conflict of opinion
producing an alienution of friendly feeling oniong the people
of the different States may involve in one general destruction
the happy institutions under which we live. It should ever
he borne in mind, that what is true in regard to individuals,
is equally so in regard to states. An interference of one in
ilia affairs of another is the fruitful source of family dissen
sions und neighborhood disputes; and the same cause affects
the peace, happiness, and prosperity of states. It may he
most devoutly hoped that the good sense of the American
people will ever be ready to repel all such attempts, should
they ever be made.
There has been no material change in our foreign relations
since my last annual messuge to Congress. With all the
powers ol Europe we continue on the most friendly terms. In
deed, il affords me much satisfaction to state that at no former
period has the pence of that enlightened und important quar
ter ofthe globe everbeen, apparently more firmly established.
The conviction that peace is the true policy ol nations, would
seem to he growing nnd becoming deeper amongst the enlight
ened everywhere; nnd there is no seople who have a strong
er interest in cherishing the sentiment, und adopting the
mean* of preserving aud giving it permanence, than those ol
the United .Slates. Amongst these, the first and most effec
tive nro, no doubt, tho strict observance of justice, and the
honest and pnnctual fulfilment of all engagements. Hut it is
not to he lorgotten that, in the present state of the world, it is
unless necessary to be ready to enforce their observance ami
fulfilment,in reference to ourselves, than to observe ami fulfil
them, on our part, in regard to others.
last session, a negotiation bus bee-
9warw«sigasggKaras
on . *11 l*M! without settiiMt at doAnuoo yaui «wi* the action of the treasury, sUM ho preset fed ilia sound and
solemn dee)t#»flMilh|tf| that rspuhfio was so independent
. Me*ic* Nstl, His true, threatened war against the
umimI States, WH*stealths treaty «fannexation*was.mI-
owd. ( ».Via Executive could tiw peihni* Itself to he Influenced
by this threat. It represented in this spirit of oar people,
'•bo are ready to saeriftee mueb for pcaee, bat nothing to in
tSmidaiioA, A war under any circumstances is groatTy to ho
deplored, and the t/nited Elates is (lie Ust nation to desire it;
'*nr if, as the condition of peace, it ho required of us to forego
ti i unquestionable right of treating with an independent
po ror of our own continent, npon mutters highly intereating
to both, ai d that upon s naked nnd unsuslainod pretension of
eiedm by a llrltcl power to control the free will of the power
wi th whom we iront.—devntad na wo tuny he to t»« nee, and
un.xioits to cultivate friendly relations with the whole world
th e Executive does not hesitate to say that Iho people of tho
U tilted States would be ready to brave all consequences
sooner than submit to such condition. Rut no npprelionsioii
of war was entertained by the Executive; and I must express
fr upkly the opinion, that hud the treuty been ratified by the
fil Snate, it would have b mn followed hy a prompt settlement,
to the entire satisfaction of Mexico, of every matter in differ-
en,ce between the two countries. Hoeing, then, that new pre
ps.rations for hostile invasion of Texas were about to be
ad (opted by Mexico, and lh«t these were brought about he-
na’.use Texas had adopted the suggestions of the Executive
ti| >«») the subject of annexation, it could not passively have
fo'lded its anus and permitted n war, threatened to he accnm
p« nied by every act that could murk a barbarous age, to be
we jged against her, because she had done so.
Other comidonitions of n controlling character influenced
the< course of the Executive. The treaty which hud thus
be> ‘in negotiated, had foiled to receive the ratification ot the
3e bat*.' One of the chief objections which were urgol
ig ainst it, vas found to consist in the fact the! the question of
un 'luxation had not been submitted to the ordeal ot public
opi mon in the United States. However untenable such an
ohj teciioi) whs esteemed to he, in view nf the unquestionable
yer ofthe Executive to negolinte the treaty, and the great
lasting interests involved in the question, I felt it to be my
gotiatea iruuty
manic States composing the Zofi-Verein, if it could he done, ; bei , T , |llken 0II n, e B uhfo.. -
stipulating, as far as it was practicable to accomplish it, for j t „ r ,1 f Hrrectly to tlm decision of the States and the people—
a reduction of the heavy and onerous duties levied on our to' 1 * M * •
banco aud other tcudiug articles of agricultural production
and yicldiug, in return, on our part, u reduction of duties
• ... • .(.....I.i .
th articles, tho production ot their industry, as should not
come into competition, or hut u limited one, with articles the
product olour manufacturing industry. The Executive, ill
giving such instructions, considered itself as acting in strict
conformity with the wishes of Congress, at maue known
through several measures which it had adopted—ail directed
(o the accomplishment of this impoituut result. Thu treaty
was, then*!or»‘, negotiated ; hy which essential reductions
were sec tiled in the duties levied by the Zoll Verein on to-
hacco, rice,ond lard, ucoumpanied »«y a stipulation for the ad
mission of ruw cotton free of duty. In exchange for which
hsghly important concessions, a reduction of duties,, imposed
hy the laws of tho United States on a vurioty of articles, (most jj p v
of which were admitted free of all duty under the act of Con- Wfi)
gress commonly known us the compromise law, and hut few ! we ,
of which were produced in the United Hlutes.) was stipulat
ed for on our part. Tnis treaty was communicated to the Hen-
ate at un early day of its Inst session, hut not acted upon until
near its close; when, for the want f as 1 am bound to presu
of lull time to consider it, a wus luid upon the table. 'I
procedure had the effect of virluuliy rejecting it, in const*
quence ol a stipulation contained in the treaty, that its ratifi
cations should be exchanged on or before a day which hasul-
ready pussed. The Executive, acting upon the fair inference
that the Henato did not intend its absolute rejection, gave in
structions to our minister ut Berlin to reopen the negotiation,
so far us to obtuin an extension of time for tlie exchnnge of
ratifications. I regret, however, to say that his efforts, in
this respect,have been unsuccessful. I am nevertheless not
without hope that the. great advantages which wereintcuded
tube seemed by the treuty may yet be realized.
I am happy to inform you that Belgium has, by an “nrrete
roynle,” issued in July last, assimilated the flag ofthe United
States to her own, so fur us the direct trade between die two
countries is concerned. 'This measure will prove of great
service to our shippiug£intoresl—the trade having heretofore
been carried on chiefly in foreign bottoms. 1 flatter myself
that she will speedily resort to u modification of her system
relating to the tobacco frude, which would decidedly benefit
the agriculture ofthe United Htutes, aud operate to the mutu
al advantage of both countries.
No definitive intelligence has yet been received from our
minister, ofthe conclusion of a treuty with tho Chinese ern-
ugh is known, to induce the strongest hopes
and lasting interests involved in the question
Jdnt y to submit the whole subject to Congress, ns the best ex
liulers ol popular sentiment. No difintive action having
Tt taken on the subject by Congress, the question referred
ion of the States ami the people.—
great popular election which has just terminated nffordsd
the best opportunity of ascertaining tho will of the Htutes and
pco pie upon it. Bending that ismte, it liecaina the impera
tive duty ofthe Executive to inform Mexicothat the question
of jmcxatioo was still before tho American people, and thut
lint lit their decision was pronounced, any serious invasion of
Te ins would he regarded as an attempt to forestall their judge-
me. it and could not he looked npon wilh indifference. 1 am i
hap py to inform you that no such invasion has taken pi
ami 1 trust that whatever your action may lie uponit, Mexico
will see the importance of deciding the matter by o resort to
pern .Hu I expedients in preference to those of arms. Th* de-
cisio n of the people anil the states on this grent und interesting
suhj set has been decisivelyinamfested. The question of an-
heoliby condition. ,
Tho dingerstob*guarded against are groitly augmented
by too Urge s surplus fif »biitutue. When that surplus grrar
Iv exceeds In amount whit ihal! be required by a wixe hml
prudent forecast to inset ubforeseeu confingeocies.fh* legisla
ture itself may come to he seiz 'd with a disposition to indulge
in extravagant appropriation* to oid*m»*» many of which may
(and most p uhshly would) be found to conflict with the coti-
eiifiiiion. A fancied expediency is elevated shove cuiiMiin-
lioiial autlioiity; ami aroculrss and wasteful extravagance
hut too Leiiuioly follows. The important power of taxation,
which, when exercised in its most restricted form, is a burden
on labor and production, is resorted to, under various pretexts,
for purpose* having no affinity to the motives which dictated
its grant; nnd the extravgance of government stimulates in
dividual pxtravugunee, until tin? spirit of a wild nod ill regn-
luted speculation involves one and all in its nnfortunum le- -
salts. , , I‘myself, die noble nnd pleasing task of sustaining the pobUt'
n view of such fatal consequences, it may be laid down \ prosperity. I shallcnrry with me into retirement the gratifying
**• thur. as my sole object throughout Use bees to
advance the public good, I may nol entirely have failed is sc- ,
’ mil I) 11 mIi 11, <r ,1- ui*.I (hi. i. ..la 4
rasiurad, W 0*^0
lissn raplsaislwd. itali, ,*lw,
-MilI sr.rr oib.r Ini.nM, kn «• m, iwrir*® sad (KM
wtmls rotuifry .ihibin sn UBMl of proapsritr snd hunloM*.
Iruls snil bsnrr, no Umger tortrmit by . irM.sd .ifcciB-
tits minus rdk, upon * solid snd tubttsnlM footin,; tod iho
rspul oioiviii nf our ciiirt. h erwry dinMion, bsapssks m<mt
.Iron,tv ill. Isviimbls circumsisoe*. br which w* tro sor*
runiiilpit. Mv h.jioinflM, to tbs follows ol which thortljF
hwsii. in., rn lbs ardent hops which I npcrloac*, ihcl iMa
rUiciif mii.ncrHv is nsiib.r dMsp(i,oordniia*d «o peckorf
Ijv.ll; sod Ibsi iii.A.iire. which hs,« not yn recirsdlls scoc-
uun loll Wlrrch I csnnoi but r.,.H ot closol, eonowHsd wkh
ilm lidoor, rh. cbiry, ond .till mors sultrfsd proomHir of the
ciiniiirv, ms iii’.lined, si tn esrly d.y, to rtc.ire »ns ipprovsT
Undnr lli.w i neum.lsnce., tod wilh inoson.
ticipatn || •
iom, founded in moral nnd political truth.—that no
greater taxos should he imposed than ar* necessary for an
economical ndininiHirution of the government; und that what
ever exists beyond, should he reduced or modified. This
doctrine docs in no way conflict with the exercise of u sound
discrimination in the selection ofthe articles >o he taxi'd, which
a due regaid to the public weal would «t all limes suggest to
tho legislative mind. It leuves tho rung* of selection unde
fined ; und such selection should always he made with an eve
to the great interests of tho country. Composed, as is in*
Union, of separate and independent Htutes, a patriotic bgis-
latiiro will not foil, ill consulting th* interests of tho pails,
to adopt such course ns will hn host calculated to advance the
harmony of the whole, and thus insure that permanency in
the policy of the government, without which all efforts to ad
vunct) the public prosperity nro vain nnd fruitless. This
great and vitally important task rests with Congress; nnd the
Executive can do no more than recommend thegcneral prin
ciples which should govern in its execution.
I refer you to the report of the Secretory of War for an cx
hibilion ofthe condition of the army ; and recommend to jou,
as well worthy your best consideration, many ofthe stigges
toms il contains. The Secretary in no dog-eoexaggoinies the
great importance of pressing forward, without delay, in the
work of erecting and finishing tiie fortifications to which In*
particularly alludes. Much has been dono towards placing
our cities and roadsteads in a slate of security against the
hazards of Hostile attack, within thu last four years; bnt.con-
sidciing the new elements which have been,of late years, em
ployed in the propelling of ships, and the foruiitluhle imple
ments of destruction which have been biought into service,
we cannot he too active or vigilunt in pr»paiing and peifect
ittg the meansofdefence. I refer you, also, to hi report, for a
full statement ofthe condition of the Indian tribes within out
jurisdiction. The Executive line ahatrd no off
.....n
i has been presented nuk*dly to their consider
he treaty itself,all collateral and incidental issues, which
culculuted to divide and distract the public councils,
were carefully avoided. These woro left to the wisdom of
the f util re to determine. It presented, 1 repent, the isolated
qne.s ttion of annexation , and in that form it Ims been sub
on until ,! mitti .)d to the ordeal of public sentiment. A controlling tnu-
res ?.??®' ' V «f the people, and a large majority of the States, have
. 1 his ij decl ired in favor of immediate annexation. Instructors
thus come up to both branches of Congress from their
jetive constituents, in terms the most emphatic. It is
Vil I of both the people and the States that Texasshull
lir a maxed to tho Union promptly and immediately. It innv
he In rped iliut in carrying into execution the public will thus
dec! kred, all collateral issues nmy be avoided. Future leg-
islnt ures can best decide as to tlio number of States which
l shou hi ho formed out of the territory, when the time has nr-
: rived ’ for deciding that question. Ho with all others. By the
•j treal y, the United States assumed the^payment of the debts
have
reap
that that the mission will ha crowned with success.
Willi Brazil our relations continue on the most friendly
footing. 'The conmerciai intercourse between thut growing
empire and the United States is becoming daily of greater im
portance to both; and it is the interest of both (hat the firmest
relations of amity and good will should continue to be culti
vated between thorn.
The republic ofNewGrennda still withholds (notwithstand
ing foe most persevering efforts huve been employed by our
charge d’affaires, Mr. Blackford, to produce a different result)
indemnity in the case of the brig‘'Morris.” Aud the Con
gress ol Venezuela,ullhotigh an arrangement has been effect
ed between our minister und the minister of foreign affairs of
that government,for the pa; mein of $18,000 in discharge of
its liabilities in the same case, has altogether neglected to
make provision for its payment. It is to he hoped that a
sense ol justice will soon induce a settlement of these claims.
Out late minister to Chili. Mr. Pendleton, has returned to
the United States, without having effected an adjustment in j
the second claim of the Macedonian, which is delayed on 1
grounds altogether frivolous and untenable. Mr. Pendleton’s '
successor has been directed to urge tho claim in the strongest
terms • and, in the event of a failure to obtain a permanent
adjustment, to report the fact to the Executive at as early a
dav as possible, so that the whole matter may be communi- - j
cuied to Congress. . , . fn
At your lust session, 1 submitted to the attention of Con- ,
gress the convention with the republic of Peru , of the 17th I
-** * ,nJI iding for the adjustment of the claims of *j
of March, 1841, providing
citiBonn «< tlm United Htutes against thut rcpuhl
definitive action was taken upon the subject. I again invite
to it voiir attention and prompt action.
In (ivy last annual message, 1 felt it to he my duty to make
known to Congress, in terms both plain and emphatic, my
opinion ill regaid to the war which has so long existed be
tween Mexico and Texas; which,since the battle oi Han Ja
cinto, has consisted altogether of predatory incursions, attend
ed hy circumstances revolting to humanity. I repent now,
what l then said,—that, after eight years of feeble and ineflec-
tual efforts to recover Texas,it whs time that the wur should
have ceased. The United States had a direct interest in the
question. The contiguity of the two nations to our territory recent dale
of T ixns,toau amount not exceeding $10,81)0.000 to be paid,
with tire exception of a sum falling short of$40(),000, exclu
sive! y out of the proceeds of the sales of her public lands.—
Wee ould uni, with honor, take the lands, without assuming
the f ill payment of all incumbrances upon them.
No thing has occurred, since your last session, to induce r.
doub t that the dispositions of 'Texas remain unaltered. No
intim .ation of an altered determine.ion, on tho purl of her gov
ertint em ami people, has been furnished to lire Executive.—
Hhe t Hill desires to throw herself under the protection of oui
laws, nnd to partake of the hlcssinnsjof our federative sys
| tern; while every American interest would seem to require it
j Tire ex elision ofour coastwise uud foreign trade, to an amount
i alnu st incalculable—the enlargement of die market for
i muuixfacturefi a constantly growing market for
i ugric-ultural productions—safety to our frontiers, and atldi-
’ Uoua.1 strength and stability to the Union,—tlrese nro the
( suits which would rapidly develops themselves,upon tho
summation of the measure of annexation, in such an event,
I will not doubt hut thut Mexico would find Iter trim interest
to consist in meeting the advances of this government in
spirit of amity.
Nor do 1 apprehend any serious complaint fiom any other
i quarter ; no suflicieot ground exists for such complaint.—
} We should interfere in no respect with the rights of any o-
) ther nation. There cannot he gathered from tho act uny de
i sign oil our part to do so with their possessions on this con-
* tine ut. We have interposed no impediments in the way of
' such acquisitions of territory, inige and extensive ns many
! of them ure, as tlm luadiug powers of Europe have made,
from time to time, in everv part of lire world. We seek no
1 conquest made hy war. No intrigue will have been resorted
I to, oructBjOfdiplomacy essayed, to accomplish tho nnnexu-
| tiouoi Texas. Free and independent herself, sho asks to he
| received into our Union, ft is a question for own decision,
{ whether she shall ho received or not*
The two governments having already agreed, through their
respective organs, on the terms of annexation, l would re-
I ' commend their adoption by Congress in lire form of a joint
resolution, or act, to he porfocted and made binding on the
two countries, whan adopted in like manner hy tire govern
ment of Texas.
In order that tire subject may be fully presented in all its
refer-
fleet i he well-established policy ofthe government,which
outenijslaics u removal of all the tribes residing within lire
inure of tho several States, beyond those limits, and it
n now ei) tided to congintulute the country nt tire pros
pect of an early consummation of this object. Many i-l the
tribes have already made, great progress in the arts oi civiliz
ed lile ; und through lire operation of the schools established
nmong them, aided hy the efforts of the pious men of vurious
eligious denominations, \* bo devote themselves to the task of
heir improvement, we may fondly hope thut the remains of
lie formidable tribes which were once tire musters of this
country will, in their transition hum the savage elate to a con
dition of refinement and cultivation, add unother bright trophy
to adorn lire labors of a well-directed philanthropy.
The uccoinpuiiyingreport ofthe Secretary ofthe Navy will •
explain to you the situation oi that branch ol the serv ice. The
present organization ofthe department imparts to its opera- i
lions great efficiency; hut 1 concur fully in the propriety of a
division of tire Bureau ol Construction, Equipment, and Ue- j
paiis, into two bureaus. Tire subjects, as now arranged, ure ,
incongruous, and require to a certain extent, information uud <
qualifications altogether dissimilar.
The operations of the squadron mi the coast of Africa lmvo 1
been conducted with all duo attention to the object which led .
to its organization^ uml i uin happy to suy that the offieois .
ami crews have enjoyed the best possible health, under the
system adopted hy tire officer in commuinj. It is believed tire ;
United states is the only nation which has, by its laws, sub- !
jected to the punishment of death, as pirates, those who may !
he engaged in the slave-trade. A similar enactment on lire
pai t of other nations would not fail to he attended by benefi
cial results.
In consequencer fthe difficulties
way ofsecuring titles for the uece
huve not yet boon commenced tow
tire navy*vard ut Memphis Ho am
no further delay will he permitted
worthy of your consideration, whether Congress should not
direct the establishment of a rope work, in conuoxi m with
the contemplated navy-yard,as a measure not only of econo
my,hut ur highly useful und necessary. The only establish
ment of lire sort now connected with the service is located
at Boston, and the advantages of a similar establish
ment, convenient to the hemp growing region, must be appa
rent
*. unn*r tires* cueumstsnees, and with thstaflU-
. I shall in obi gladly Ira vs toothers, more able thin
In* the public
I the gratifying
omplishing it; and this gratification is heightened In no email 4
l*gre* l»v fh« fact, thst wberr, under a deep end abiding eenee*'
a j ,v ’ ,,nire found myseif con • mi neff to resort to the quel-
(red veto, it Ims neither been followed by dl*protal on the
>art of the people, nor weakened in sny degree their t*l
uclimetit to that great conservative feature ofour governments
... .. „ JOHW- TYLER.
Washington, December, 1844.
[ran rut aeo hoi a /oomtal.]
-A LYRICK.
I loved her in boy hood’s bright time,
When feeling’# deep flow wee asp ure
As air in elysmn climes,
And when Hope sain Love would endure.
Hire looked on me sweetly, and told
ll'-.r passion with womanly grace;
Ami vow’d that it ne'erehculd grow cold;
No guile was then seen in her face!
Eqnr.l in years, we glided adown
Uifo’e eircum, happy nnd joyous in Love !
i hoard, one duy a tale of renown,
A ml wo parted—for glory 1 strove.
Sh*. weening, remained to implore
High Heaven’s kind blessings te glad
Hoe lover now seekings shore
Through seas tumultuous snd med.
Long muni lis passed on, and years now spun
Tire web of old Chtonus quite wide;
Dot choked not the love ofthe one
Fur away or* the wst’ry fids.
Ewh wav* and each wind that dashed by
Uis barque in the tempest’*-luud roar,
And die cloud chat durkeoed the sky
Bm deepened his love lodier mors.
On* soft Rummer ove in sweet Mar^
fn manhood and sudness I stood
Near her whom I loved when away,
Ami truly loved still; but her mood—
Sivcold—so strange—struck me with feari
£ trembled M would uot remain!'
Hu: shedding a bitter round tear,
FIpiI, ne’er to lovo woman again. .
August U43.
hieh have existed in the 1
ary grounds, operations 1
rds tire CRtahlishmeiit of j
lire title is perfected, |
title re perfected,
vene. It is well
ittarrlclfo
In Baldwin comity, on Tuesday evening, th* 26th ult., by
tire R«v. Samuel Anthony, Mr. AifDKRSotv J. HollinsHKaD,
»f Macon county, to Miss Hamah C. Mujtru, of the former
place.
On the evening of the 28th inst., in Scnttshero’, hy the Rev,
Mr. lidlyer, Hknhv II. Mzai.s.M I)., of Apalachicola, FJori-
In, to Jui.tA.only daughter of Thomas Butler, Esq.
In Gadsden county, on Thursday evening,28th inst ,by the
dev. D.I.. White, (/ol. John II. Watson, of Columbus, Geo.
o Miss Elogiha Maria, daughter of William.Matter, Esqr,
ofFlorida.
In ColumhiiR, on Tuesday,28th nit.by the.Rev. Dr. Pierce,
| Mr. Jos. \V. Woor.roLic, to Miss-Lucr M. daughter of John
J U. W inter, E^q., all of that citj’-..
In Monticcllo, Jasper county, on the 2Ut ulr , by th* Rev.
I Mr. Hooker, E. 1.. Ei.lswoth, Esq. ofColunihus, to Miss Am-
I v hki.i. a H. da ire liter of the late Sidney Cook, of Wetumpka
| Ala.
rnlhotton.on the Mill ultimo., by the Rev.C. W. Key,
The report of the Secretary presents other matters to your j BaRNaru Hill, b.eq. to Misa Mari'C. Burch
consideration, of an important character in connexion with ;
th*service. 1 '
In referring you to the accompanying report of the Post- j A\ Si A IT A
master General, it affords ure continued came of eratification J cSSJia «LW o
In lie nble lo tiJveri 10 the f.ct, that IlieuBuire ofth. ilnparl- ; rI ,| IE ,,ADIEU of Milledgoville will give a GALA «o
t ibearingR, the correspondence which has taken pluc
\ilice to K, since the* adjournment of Congress, between tiie
: I'Jniied Htutes,Tox.ns, and Mexico, is herewith transmitted.
'J’iie aineiKimenLs proposed by the efonut* ‘otlre convention
co iclilded betwcon tire United otutus and Mexico on lhc20lli
of /Voveinber* 1-^43, have been transmitted, through our
min ister, for the. concurrence of th* Mexican govern
men t ; but, aithoi igh urgod ihcrqfo, no action bus yet been
had on the subjec.t ; not has any answer been eiven, which
woui d authorize a favorable conclusion in (Ire future.
Tin ? decree of! $eptemhi-r,l8ld, in relation to tire retail trade
forth:* expulsion of foreigners, aud (but of u more
i beta
i the H<
of otate und ire
Cla;k
formally entered Utu .
Britannic Majesty’s minister pleiiipotiury and »..yy
dinarv losidingat Wasltiugtnn, inlative to the rights of their
respective nations in nnd over the Oregon territory, that
negotiation is still pending. Should it, during your session,
tie. brought to a definitive conclusion, th* result will he prompt
ly communicated to Congress. I would, however, again call
vour attention lo the recommendations contained m previous
messages, designed to protect and facilitate emigration lo
that territory. Tire estat.lislinrent of military posts nt auiiuble
points upon the exteuded litre of land travel, would enable our
citizens lo migrate in comparativesafet> totnerertilo regions
beiuw the full, oftli. (Jolumliia.uml ni.k. Iho prormou of
existing convenlion forth.j.int oiioanalion ul ill. lerrilur^y
l,v til" Subjoct. cf Gront Britain and lira »f ill. JJin
ted Htutes more available than heretofore to the latter. I IreHO
pnfltri would uotitinun |il«o.a of r« «l for |l.« weary ."..gram,
wlrer* he would he sheltered securely against the danger of
Rtl.ick from Iho Indiana, and hr enabled ta ncuvpr flroiu llie
exh.u.lion of. long line ol irav.l. I.agl.latlve <-.m.-lro.o,tl
■lioulii nlao tin inuda, wliicli ehnuld »pr«»d over liiui ilia rogli
ofour law.,.a .. lo afford |.roi.-iiioo iohiap.r.on and pro
OITIV win’o III! almll have readied ln» diat.ot liouin. In llna
Intlar rr.nevt, Ilia llriiiah gov.rnnwinlw.be.it mm li mo
ntrafni of tho inwroat. of auuh of Iwr I'oripl. aa aw in I
found in llwi countrv, limn liovo tlw Umtnd smios. Siia h
in.de n.co.«ry nroVWon for llwir .rcor.lv .od pro.act.oo
again.t ilia aoi.nfilm viciously dwp.wrd nnd Uwlra., und l.«r
ninicrant rnpoiwsiu snfclv umlrrlbr panoply "flier law.. \\ hat.
Iwthr rorull of Ilm pending negotiallol),.ucli moaa-
nrra 0.0 ncce.aary. Il will afford ma III. grealral plrnaunl
. . M m honnvand favorable termination to tire existing
n Iiwimld'l.av* given ms tire highest gratification, in this, my
Mi* inter-
luahle
,.uo hut two well calculated to involve our peuce. Unjust
suspicions were enjendered in the mind of one or tire other of
the belligerents against us; and, os a necessary consequence
American interests were made to suffer and our peace became
daily endangered. In addition to which, it must have been
obvious to all, that the exhaustion produced hy the war sub
jected both Mexico and Texas to tiie interference of other
powers: which, without the interposition of this government
niight eventuate in the most serious injury to the United
Htates. This government, from time to time, exerted its
friendly offices to bring about a termination of hostilities,
Upon terms honorable ulike to both lire belligerents. Its ef
fort* in this behalf proved unavailing. Mexico seemed, al
most without an object, to peresevero in lire war; and no
other alternative wus left tiie Executive hut to tuko advan
tage of tire well known dispositions of Texas, and to invite
her to enter into a treaty for annexing irer territory to that of
lire United Stats* ...... ,
Hince your last session, Mexico has threatened to renew
the war and hus eithci made, or proposes to make, formida
ble preparations forinvudiug Texas. Hhe has issued decrees
uud proclamations, preparatory to the commencement of hos
tilities, full of threats revolting lo humanity ; and which if
carried into effect, would aroiiae the attention of all Chris
tendom. 'Tiiis new demonstration of feeling, there is too
much reason to believe, has been produced in consequence of
the negotiation of tho late treuty of anexation wiih Texas.—
The Executive, therefore could not be indifferent to such pro
ceedings *, «nd it felt it to be due, as vveJJ to itself as to the
honor of the country, that a strong representation should he
made to the Mexican government upon tire subject. This
was accordingly done, as will l»o seen by the copy of the ac
companying despatch from the Secretary of Hiate to the
United 'States envoy at Mexico. Mexico has uo light to
jeopard the peuce of the world, by urging uny longer a use
less and fruitless cuicest. Such a condition of things would
noth* tolerated on the European continent. Why should it
be on this 1 A war ol desolation, such us is now threatened
hy Mexico, cannot he warred without involving our pence and
tranquility. It is idle to believe that sm ha war could he
looked upon with indifference hy our own citizens inhabiting
adjoining Htates , and our neutrality would he violated, in de
spite of ull efforts on the pnrt of Die government to prevent
it. Tho countrv is setiled by emigrants from the United
Htates, tinder invitations held out to them hy Spain am) Mex
ico. Those emigrants huve lelt behind them triemls and re
latives who would not foil to sympathise with them in their
difficulties, and who would holed hy those s> mpathies to
participate in their struggles, however energetic the action of
government to prevent it. Nor would the numerous and for
midable hands of Indian* th* most warlike to he found in nnv
land, which occupy tire extensive regions contiguous to the
States of Arkansas aud Missouri, and who are m possession
of large tracts of country within the limns of Texas, be likely
to remain passive. ’The inclination of those mini crons irihes
lead* them invariably to war whenever pretext exist.
Mexico had no just ground of displeasure against this gov
ernment or people for negotiating the treaty. What interest
of her* was afleeted hy the treaty? Hire was despoiled of
nothing, since Texas was forever lost to her. 'The indepen
dence of Texas wus recognised by several of the leading
powers of the earth; She was free to treat-free to adopt her
n line of policy—free to take tire course which she heliev-
was best calculated to secure Iter happiness. Her govern
ment and people decided on annexation to tire United Stales;
Atul th* Executive saw, in lire acquisition of such a territory,
the meons of advancing thoir permanent happiness and glory.
VVIihi principle of good faith, then, wns violated? wlret rule
of political morals trampled under foot ? So for as Mexico
herself was concerned, the measure should lmvo been reganl-
I hy her as highly b neficiul. Her inability to reconquer
Texas had been exhibited, I repent, by eight (now nine) years
of Iruitloss aud ruinous uontost. in the mean time, Texas
ig in population and resources Emigration
ha-i flowed into her territory, from all parts ofthe world, in a
orient which continues to increase in strength. Mexico re
wires a permanent boundary between that young republic
„ml herself. Texan, at no ilistuntday if Hire continues sona-
irate and detached from the United States, will inevitubly
k to consolidate liar strength, by nddiug to her domain
th* contiguous provinces of Mexico. The spirit of revolt from
tire control ol the central government has, heretofore, mnni-
fouled itself in some of those provinces; and it is fair to infer
thut they would h* inclined to take the firat favorable oppor
tunity to proclaim their independence, and to form close al
Although all >
.nolit It iR invil
outstanding;
tablishiug tire
a nee. the go
Thee
stocks of the t
Hince their reo
Anil fo.it may
lretlier the >
wag orm of the ileiogates from tho Texas Confer*
*enf ilm Methodist Church i« the city of Nfl"' York.
M,, K* Northern nun by birth, tuid not intend inf to
urn to Texas, he very nafurally voted with tho North
he questions which divided tho two parlies in that
given me the highest gratification, in this, u
iiuuicAliou »o Congress,!© have been able to a
re complete and entire settlement and
attar, in ,Hff”. r »ca ' h *V.n>'«
a ,1 tlm ..v.rnmantof her Britann c M.j.aty, whteh
..fi,.. P r..i«.i. 1
SSSSSS&Kfcs—3
plaint, nowe r m ist bs regarded a® cause of
re^Tth.faay MiweMnr* dalay. ahouW hapara.Ut.dio in-
terven* It is true ihsf, fn* p*cumsry point of stew, tbs
matters* alluded to are altogether in.tgnificuut to amouot r
bailees with Texas. Th* war would thus he endless ; or, if
cessations of hostilities should occur, they would only endure
Corns niton, the interests of Mexico, therefore, could in
nothing he better consulted than in a peace wilh her neigh
bors, which would result in the establishment of a permanent
boundary. Upon the ratification ofthe treaty, the Executive
was prepared to treat with her on the most liberal basis.—
Hence the boundaries of 'Texas were left undefined by tire
treaty. The Executive proposed to settle these upon terms
that all tire world should have pronounced just and reasona
ble. No negotiation upon that point could have been under
taken between the United Htates und Mexico, in advance of
the ratification of tli* treaty. We should have had no right,
no power,no uuthoiity, to have conducted such a negotiation;
and to have undertaken it, would have been an assumption
equally revolting to the pride of Mexico aud Toxas, and sub
jecting ua to the charge of arrogance : while to have proposed
in advance of annexation, to satisfy Mexloo for any contingent
( interest she might have in Texas, would have beeu lo treat
c . d to pussports—all of which
iofutiou of (Ire treaty ofamity aiidcouutrercii het<
the two countries -—have led to a correspondence ol const
hie length betwdi pi (Ire minister for foreign relations and
represen alive fat $lexico, but without any satisfactory re
They remain still . unadjusted; ami many and serious ii
venienc.es huveul ready resulted loour citizens inconsequence
of them.
Uu estionsgro* viug out of tire act of disarming a body of
Texan troops (if der the command of Major Huiveiy, by an
freer in lire servic e of the United Stales, acting under the
deis of our govei nuient; and the forcible entry tuto (lie <
tom bouse at Br /nrly’s lundiug,oii Red river,’by certain citi
zens of tire Unit ed Htates, ami diking away therefrom the
goods seized by the collector of the customs, ns forfeited
dor the laws of*’! Yxus, have beeu adjusted, so far as tire pow
ers of tire Execi itive extend. 'The correspondence between
tire two gaverm jents in reference to both subjects, will
found umong r) the accompanying documents. It contain
bill Htutctire'it < fall tire facts and circumstances, wirh (he
views taken on both sid-*t>,and the principles on which th
questions he.ve boon adjusted, if remains for Congress r
make the ne cer sury appropriation to carry the arrangement
into effect; w! (ich I respectfully recommend.
The grim tly i reproved condition of tho treasury affords
subject for gen ital congratulation. 'The paralysis which had
fallen on tr ade and commerce, and which subjected the gov
eminent to tire necessity of resorting to loans, and tire issue
td treasury not os to a large amount, has passed away ; and
after fire p i yin ant of upwards of$7,()00,0<fo on account of thu
interest,ue dm redemption of more than $>,000,000 ofthe pub
lic debt, w .’tick foils due oft lire 1st of January next, and net
ting apart upvv urds of $2 000,000for the payment of outstand
ing treasury nr. tea, and meeting an instalment ofthe debts of
the coporme ci ties of the District of Columbia, an estimated
surplus o/tipH 'mds of$7.000,000oyer and above the existing
appropriations, "ill remain in the treasury at the close ofthe
fiscal year. H .muId the treasury notes continue outstanding,
(hat Hurplus will he considerably augmented,
j tore*! has conned upon them,and lire govern
ed their return to the treasury.vel they remain
affording great facilities lo commerce, nnd *s-
f»ct, that, under a well-regulated system of fin-
’rumen! hus resources within itself, which render
t imi 'pendent in time of need,nut only of private loans, hut also
xhnuk focilitii re,
omitting subject of regret is, that tho r*m lining
'nveriiineut do not foil due ot an earlier day ;
emptinii would be entirely within its control.—
ho well worthy the consideration of Congress,
i\v establishing the sinking fond—under the
operatic n of" hid) tin* debts of the revolution ond the lugi war
with (ireut Bi -itain were, to a great extent, extinguished—
should not, " jib proper modifications, (so ns to prevent no nc
ciiinuluioii of HurplitM'g, and limited in amount to a specific
Hinn,) Ik* re-* nuclei!. Hitch provision, which would author
ize the. gove rnment to go into the market for a purchase of
iiHcwu stock . on fair terms, would serve to mniniuin its credit
ul tho Itighe it point, nnd prevent, to a great extPiil, those flue-
tuatior is in t .lie price of its securities, which might, utnfor other
circuit retail’ res,affect its credit. No apprehension of this sort
is, at this r .toinent, entei taiued; since lire stnckH of tire govern
ment ,w hie h but two years ago were offered for sale to capi
talist! at h ime and abroad at a depreciation, and could find no
pure! i-mens are now greutly uhove par in the hands of the
iioldc re; hula wise ami prudent (breast udmouishoR us to
plucc hey (Mid tlio reach nfcontingency the public credit.
It must also be a matter of uiiiuiugted gratification, 'bat un
der t ke existing financial system— resting upon the act of lf-
89 a od the resolution of I816—the currency of the country ha.«
alia bred a state of perfect soundness; him! the rates of ex-
dm nge between different parts of the Union (which in !8f|
d*r .ora l, hy their enormous amount, the great depreciation,
am I, in fact, worthfossnas* of the currency, Inmost of lb*
Hi ites,I are now reduced to little more than the mere expense
of transporting specie from place to place and lire risk iiici*
d* mtal to the operation. In u new country like that ofthe
I Jiiitod States, where so many inducements are held out for
speculation, lire depositories of the Rorplus revenue, consist
ing of bunks of any description, when it reaches any consider
able amount, require the closest vigilance on tire, part of the
government. All bunking institutions, under whatever de
nomination they limy pans, ure governed hy an almost exclu
sive regard to tho interest of the stockholders. 'That inter**!
consists in the augmentation ofprofitR, in tire- form of dividends;
and a large surplus revenue intrusted to tlreir custody is but
loo apt to lead to excessive loans nnd to extravagantly large
issues ol paper* As a necessary consequence, prices ur*
nominally increased,nnd speculative mania everywhere seizes
upon the public mind. A fictitious state of prosperity, for a
season, exists ; and, in tire luuguuge of the day, money hn-
trecqures plenty. Contracts are entered into hy individuals,
resting on thfo iin-ubstuniial state of thing*; but lire delusion
xpeedily passes awuy, and the country is overrun by nn in
debtedness so weighty as to overwhelm many, and to visit «•
very department of industry with great ami ruinousembarru**-
mont. The greatest vigilance becomes nectrenary, ou tire pail
of governnreni, to guard against this state of things. The de
positories must be given dfotmetiy to understand that favors of
the government will be altogether withdrawn, or suhquntially
diminishedj if its revenues shell he regarded as additions to
their hanking capital, or ae tire foundation of an enlarged
circulation. The government, through it* revenue, has, at all
times,animportaat part to perform in connexion with th* cur
rency ; and it greatly depend* upon its vigilance and care
nt for tire lust four years have been
its unaided resources, to meet its larg<
coming into office,a debt of nearly $500,000
the department, which Congress discharged by an appropria
tion from tire treasury. The department, on the 4lh of Marc It
next, will he found, under tire management of tire present effi
cient fiend, li ce of debt or embarrassment; w hieh could only
have been done by tin* observance, uud practice of the greatest
vigilance and economy. 'The laws have contemplated,
throughout,that the department should he self-sustained;
hut it may become necessary, with tire wisest regard to pub
lic interest*, to introduce aniendmeiits and alterations in lire
system. 'There is a strong desire manifested in many quar
ters, so to alter the tariff ofthe Icltei pontage its to reduce the
amount of tux at present imposed. (Should such a measure
lie carried into effect, to the lull extent desired, it cannot well
|>e doubted but that, for tho first years of its operation,!! di
minished revenue would bo collected, tire supply of which
would npcessurily constitute a charge upon the treasury.
Whether such a result would be desirable, it will he lor Con
gress,in its wisdom, to determine, it may in general be (re
scued, thut radical alterations in any system should lullter ire
brought about gradually, (him by sudden changes; and by
pursuing this prudent policy in the reduction of letter postage,
the department might still sustain itself through the revenue
which would uccruo by the increase of letters. The sinte und
condition of the public treasury lure,heretofore, been such ns
to have precluded the resominmidutioit of any material change.
The difficulties upon this tread have, however,censed, uud a
large discretion is now left to the government.
1 cannot too strongly urge die policy of authorizing theca-
tuhlisluueiit of a line of steamships regularly to ply between
this country and foreign ports, and upon our own waters, for
the transportation ofthe mail. The example of the British
government is well worthy of imitation in this reaped. The
beliefib strongly entertained, that the emolument* arising
from the transportation of mail mutter to foreign countries
would operate, of itself, as un uiduceuieut to cause individual
enterprise to undertake (hat branch of the task ; und the re
muneration ofthe government would consist in the addition
readily made to our steam navy, in case ofeiwergeucj, by the
ships so employed. Should this suggestion meet your appro
vitj, the propriety of placing such ship* under tire command of
experienced officers ol tin* navy will not escape your observe•
(imi. Th* application of steam to the purpose of nival war
fare cogently recommends an extensive Meam marine h- impor
tant in estimating the defence* ofthecountry- Fortumih )v, this
muv Ire attninedhy us,to a great extent,without iireurriiig’auy
large amount ofexpenditnre. Bream vessels to he engaged in
tire transportation ofthe mails on our principal watercourse®,
l«*es. and par!* ofour coast, could also he no consti noted ns to
he eflicieut as war vessels when needed ; and would, of them
selves, constitute a formidable force in order to repel attacks
from ubroad. Wecaiinot he blind to tire fact, that other nn
(ions have already added large numbers of steamships to I heir
naval armaments', and tliut this new nml powerful agent fo de*- j
tined to revolutionize the condition ot the world. It heroines
the United .States,therefore, looking io tlreir security, to adopt (
a similar policy; and the plan suggested will enuble them !u
do so ut u small comparative cost.
I take lire greatest pleasure in hearing testimony to lire zeal
and untiring industry which has characterize.!! the conduct of
the member* of III* executive cabinet. Em h, in bfo appro
priate sphere, has rendered me the most efficient aid in cuily
ing on tire* government, und it will not 1 Hu t, upjn arout of
place for lire to hoar this public lestimqnv. The cardinal ob
ject* which should ever be held in view hy those intrusted ,
with the administration of public ufl'uirs, me ligidly. nnd with
out favor ot affection, so tu interpret Die n/itioirel will.cxpres*
sod in the laws, ns that injustice should Ire done to hoik—jus
tice to ol). This has been the rule upon which limy have
act'd; and thus it fo believed tliut few cusos (if nn>) exist,
wherein our fellow-citizeus, who,from time to time,have been
drawn to the seat of government for tho settlement of tlreir
transactions with the government, have gone away dissntfoli-
«d. Where the testimony has been perfected, and was es
teemed satisfactory, their claims have been promptl\ audited;
and this in the absence of all favoritism or partiality. Tire
government which is not just to its own people, can neither
claim their affection, nor the respect of the world. At the
same time, the closest attention has boon paid lo those tout
ters which relate mure immediately to the great concerns of
the country. Order and efficiency in each branch ul the pub
lic scivicc have prevailed, accompanied hy a system of the
most rigid rei-pousibility on the part ofthe receiving and dis
bursing agents. 'The fact, in illustration ofthe truth of this
remark, deserves to he noticed,—that the revenues ol the gov
ernment, amounting in the lust four years to upwnr is o! $1-10,-
000,000, have, been collected Hid drehursed, through the nu
merous govermental agents without the loss, hy (lefuuit, of
any amount worthy ol serious commentary.
The appropriations made by Congress tor the improvement
of lire l ivers of the west, uml of tire* Imi burs ou the lake*, are
in a course of judicious expeudiditure under sniiuhlo agents ;
nnd are demined, it is to he hoped, tu realize all the benefits tie-
signed to he udcomplislred by Congress. I cannot, however,
sufficiently impress upon Congress the gieut importune* of
withholding appropriations front improvements which are not
ascertained, hy previous examination and survey, lo Ire neces
sary for tire shelter and protection of trade from the dangers of
Hto'rms nml tempests. Without this precaution, the expendi
tures are hut too iiptltu enure to tlo* benefit ol individuals, with
out reference to the only consul* ration which cult render them
constitutional—th* public interests and the general good.
I cannot too earnestly urge upon you tire interests of this
District, over which, by tire constitution, Congress lius exclu
sive jurisdiction. It would he deeply to he regretted should
there he, at uny tinre, ground to complain ofnegle.i on lire
part of a community which, detached ns it is trout the pnienlul
cure of lire States nfVirginin nml Maryland, cun oniv expect
aid from Congress,as its local legislature. Amongst lire sub
jects which claim your attention, is tire prompt oij(nnizuiiu^of
ducted us, from . J Fridav Evening next—the proceeds of which will be np-
pcndttureH. On my J p ro p r ; ul(>( j to defraying the expense of a survey for a Branch
pv.a p« 1,111 j Railroad to some suitable point-on the.Cen.ral Railroad.
I Dec. 10. II
YAK1E TY STOKE*.
[ SAAC BOWER Ires just received, and ban for anle oi>
accommodating terms, at his Store hi th* Hint* Bank
Brick Building, a great variety and general assortment of
GOODS,consisting of
Fancy, Fashionable and Staple
DRY GOODS.
1 HARDWARE AND CUTLERY,
MKOICHVEM AND DYE STUFFS,
A ml an asnortmtnt of GROCERIES,
Tiie wiiol. rmtmpraiinG nearly all III. ariirlaa in demand Tut'
general tree > all of which ure offered ot very low prices.
OCrCotton will he received in paytneul ut the highest cur
rent price. II if Dec. 10.
BOARDING.
THE undersigned will boaid the emoting year
•dx dollars per month, for victualing alone; Irea-
g added,eight dollars; and wiih washing,ten
bus per month—to he paid punctually attire
.(J of each quarter. I HUAM BROOKS.
”illedgeviil v December IOlh, 1844. II 2t
ft*utni£fc*i E’ostponed Sheriff's Sales.
W U,l. he sold, ou tire first Tuesday in JANUARY ne>.t,--
before the court Ire us* door, in the town-of Eatonioo,
Butuam county, the following property, to wit:
One negro inau named David, about 63 years old J on:t
yoke of oxen, one ox cart, four bead of stock cattln, one gr*y
horse, and oirehay mure; levied on ns the property of John
Hawk to satisfy ii fi fa in favor of (’nthuHne Tut rick vs John
Hawk and'limiVy .Morton, Administrator of \V»u. Williaire> r
deceused.
W. T. SAMMONS, I).Sheriff.
Dec. 3,1841. II
lime,’•ojouniug within tho DfotriM. Such course n*nfo
mantled hy considerations which apply to h ram*. I re* (I
public service. For the necessities in this tic half, ( i
your particular attention to the report of thu Secretary c
Wave January Sheriffs Sale.
W ILE he .Mild before the Court-house door in the town.of
WHicsbnru*, War* county, on the first Tuesday iu
) JANUARY next, vvirhiu ihe usual haul* of sule the follow*
' iug property, to wit:
One lot ol land, No.243, in the 7Ui district of originally^
i Appling, now Ware county, containing four hundred «i»r
ninety n«re«, mote or less; leviod on to sortfofv one fi fsiesre n .
from War* Hnpcrioi Court in favor of John j. Underwood's
' James O. White. Trojrerly pointed out bv said White.
MILCH 4. GUEHT, Sherifi.
! N'lvemhei 19 18TI. 11.
GEORGIA, Bn 111 will County.
\\7 IIEIIE.XS Isaac E. Bower applies to me for letters of
\ V Administration on (he estate of Donald M. McDonakV
late of said county, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and admonish all and •ingu)’**'
tire kindred and creditor® of suid deceased, to b*
I appear at my office w ithin the time prescribed bv law, to•))</*
cause, ifmny' they have,why said letter® should uot he grant®'!- -
Given under mv hand at office, thfo IOlh Jay ol Dec 1844.
II fit JOHN W- W. HNEAD,c.c.o*
GEORGIA, Montgomery County.
W/HEREAS James II. McCall applies to me for let-
\V ters of Administration wn the aatate of John li.
McCall, lute of said county, deceased :
'These arc,therefore, to cite and admonish all and singular
tire kindred and creditors of said deceased to be aud appear
nt my uflh *. within the time prescribed by law, to show cause,
it any exist 4 , why said letters should not be grunted.
* Given under my hand nt office, tliis27th day of Nov. 1844.
* 11 fit' FAKCjUHAKU McKAE, c. c. O.
.AOdlft MONTHS after date, application wtilbe
. ninde to the. Honorable the Inferior Court of Pumaxi
Bunt y , while sitting for ordinary purposes, (or leave to tnit
e negroes belonging to the estate of Richard P- Ingram,
•ceased. Ul. THE ADMINISTRATOR,
Dec .2,1 H41. ll-(wbc)
iiy, while sitting for ordinary purposes, for leave to soil
gin giil ireuu-d Mary, belonging to the estate of Jon**
HANNAH WYNN, Executrix.
•c. 2,1844. 11
of III.
.of Co
. ondi
(gres-*, pre-
ion of pub-
of lire pub-
Nuv.
I have thus, gentlemen of lire two
sented von a true nml luitlifu' piciur
lie. affairs, Imilt foreign ami douresti<
lie service are mudo known o you;
ry imperianca nro u|i ai ymi
not be permitted to craigtafiilat* vo
under whii’li you have uBscmhlcd.ui
in the condition of things which huv
years? During tlret period, quesli
of vital importanc* lo tl»* pence of our c
soltled and udjusted A desulut.ng und vvastihg war witli
suvnge tribes fist beau brought to a close. 'Tire interna f/au-
quility ofthecountry, threatened hy agitating qi
been preserved. Tl»e credit of lire govormm*»:f
ill • happy nn-pces
tire important vhijige
lifted m lire last ilfiee
mg qne'Tmn*,lres
flit, which IfoJm*
f'
I.MH U MONTHS after date, applieation will be
1 itreilc to tire honorable Inferior Court of Newton county,
while silting as u Court ufOrdinary. for leave to sell as much
of the rcalcDtste ot William T. Graham, deceased, as liea in
th* county ot Aewton ; and also, for leave to sell some of lit*
negroes belonging to said estate.
FRANCES GRAHAM, Adm’xi
IVERSON L. GRAVES .Arirn’r*
l)cc.2,1844. U
ISO Vl'llSafterdate, application will be made
to tire Inferior Court of Decatur county, when silling for
oidintiry oui poses, for leave to sell lot of land No. 326. in
the 20 th (list rir. t of originally Early, hut now Dwcatur coun
ty .belonging to the heirs of .Sterling Hiues, deceased, for the
purpnre of mtikmg n division amongst th* heiis of said de-
*cd. THOMAS HINES, Executor,
ecemher 4«h. 1844. II
IIOtV.iEiB &. It LTD I, UFO I D,
"SC
COJOIISSION mCHCHANTfa,
ApRlacklc.la, Fla-
riA 11E vrafif rsigued having detei untied to comtnencs a Oener*
i ni ifoiiMiiisaion business at Apalaehieofs, tire *n#uioy
ite:t«ou. w ill give tlreir personal attention to all business coon
dt-d lo td**ir c«r«.. TUAGKEK B.IIOWAKD,
AbOLFHUS fa. HUTHERFQSU,
‘IH.1U14.. till