Newspaper Page Text
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Blakely, Dec. 18, 1844.
To Him. Thoms Dutlsr King i
Dear Sit:—Tiioso mho hiveknown you long,
M Utile doubt in* deep interest you leke in tiiu
prosperity o( Georgia, ee the competency of your
couaeeU to promote it. A personal acquaintance
of eomeyeare standing enable* mo to advance this
oj'ieion of your character; end may authorize the
call which i now propose to make m behalt of one
branch of domestic industry, which until recently
tho whole South hut unaccountably neglected—I
have alluainn to manufacture*.
Shrewd observers in other countries Imve doubt*
ieta regarded lliu conduct of our people hi reference
to till* subject, with suuliineul* of miuglud surprise
and contempt, Exuibitiug varieties of soil and of
climate singularly adapted to almost every variety
of crap, rich ores, witter power and timber equal
(o every demand, and a population which need* no
thing but Iha direction uf science uml flic, stimulus
uf reward to accum|ilish aiiytliing within the range
■of enterprise and art—the present generation, in
all that loud* to permanent wealth, ure nearly as
little edvauced as lliut which, forty years ago, delv
ed aa wa do now, in growing the cotton plant.
Such labor whs indeod ut that time adequately in-
warded, and to some extent justified a neglect uf
those mechanical processes by which tho great am
ple of the country is converted into forms immedi
ately subservient to the use of mnn Hut even
then, a divorsiuu of purl of the capital and lubor of
ihe country to tile manufacture of cloth and oilier
fabrics could not huvu failed tu give a large aug
mentation of annual income. Now, because of
■redundant production, and perhaps still mure, be
cause of tho advantage taken uf our aapineness by
the more sagacious European, the cotton crop has
ceased to yield remunerating profits—the growers
having pluccd themselves in the condition of n
hawker in a glutted market, where sellets arc al
ways at the mercy of the buyers and often compell
ed to submit to capricious sacrifices.
The clumsiest manufacturer of cotton cloth in
the United Sluice is milking more limn double the
income on the cnpitul invested, that now conies to
the hands of the planter; and in well conducted
factories, the profits ure far greater. By the aid of
suitable mucntuery, converting cotton wool into
colloacloth.au hundred bunds will duplicate the
•value of crops that cost a y. ar’s labor of perhaps
a thousand. This is accomplished by labor saving
machinery—by ordering dead matter, acting under
the impulses of Nature’s laws, "to substitute lliu
strength and skill of man, but with an accuracy
and despatch to which tho strength, senses and vi'-
oialion of man are wholly unequal. The ellicacy
ol labor saving machinery in the augmentation of
nulional and individual wealth, has been demon
strated by every writer on political economy, (rout
Adam Smith down to the humble compilers of our
latest school books. Every President of the Uni
ted State*, from Washington to Jackson, lins re
commended to Cuugress tiic policy of so contriving
their tariffs of duties on foreign impur'.s, ns to stint',
ulute in this country, the growth of manufactures.
At un early period of Mr. Jefferson's life, lie seems
to have been adverse to the establishment of man
ufactures in Virginia ; hut subsequently his opin
ion* on ibis subject underwont n radical chnnge,
and no statesman in the Union lias spoken more
emphatically in recommending such employment
of American labor and capital.
With a people so well known to he lovers of
money as the Georgians, one would suppose that
these teachings of Philosophy, hacked bv the opin
ions of so matt) men in whose counsels they have
been accustomed to place the highest confidence,
would be conducive. And yet them are scarcely
u dozen cotton mills in -a State which might moat
profitably employ five hundred. The littlo Stale of
ilho'Je Island, the whole extent of whose territory
scarcely exceeds the size of a single cot,my in Geor
gia, has in successful operation not less than two
hundred cotton uttd wool factories, besides many
for oilier purposes. 1 need not tell you wlial are
tho fruits of such enterprise in Rhode Island. All
who have visited the towns and villages of llmt en
lightened little member of the confederacy know
that her growing prosperity lots no parallel in the
whole plantation country of the South. In soil,
climate and other sources of wealth, our compara
tive advantages are pre-eminent; yet we arc be
coming poor and Iter people rich—results which
are readily aeeounteJ for, when it is seen that one
man by the use of machinery can accomplish more
•than twenty by mere manual labor.
Nothing is easier than to culculute tho differ-
• ence between the raw mulerinl, and tlmt of tho vn-
rious fabrics made of it. One thousand pounds of
.raw cotton may now he worth, in the market of
Augusta or Savannah, fifty dollars—converted Into
cheup cloth and sold in the same market, tho price
might not fall below three limes tlmt sum. And
this is a fair example of the selling ami the buying
which has and must continue to impoverish the
planter. It is equally, too, on example of that aug.
mooted rate of income, were we to ship to foreign
countries cloth, corduge, &c., instead of cotton
wool—were wc to manufacture our staple nt home
instead of sending it for that purpose to New or
Old England. In most counties of the Slates, suf
ficient crops of wheat ure produced for home con
sumption—and in many, good mills have been con-
atructed, (he use of which fortunutely relieves our
plough nod hoe loving population from the expense
and inconvenience of sending their grain to Rich
mond or Baltimore to be ground into flour. Noth
ing indeed could more certainly subject a stupid
people to sneers and ridicule, than such a milling
operation—yet it is scarcely distinguishable from
that which seems to be the settled practice ofGeor.
gin, in the disposition of her great staple.
I am not apprised that nny country on tiie globe,
of the same extent, contains a larger amount of
water power than ouis. With the exception ut a
narrow border on the seaboard, we have scarcely n
county that does not furnish an abundance of this
quasi perpetual motion, to drive all the machinery
requisites manufacture its own cotton crops. And
if water power were wanting, or thnl steam should
be preferred, no country more abounds in cheap
wood fuel than ours, especially the region of long,
leafed pine.
I know it has been said tlmt the condition and
character of our population are unfavorable to this
branch of domestic industry. We all know that
for yenrs past, this has occasionally lieen tho theme
of stump oratory—and we know that stump ornlo.
ry has not unfrequcntly been the vehicle of con
veying to the public mind impressions far more ef
ficacious in securing tho triumph of a party, than
in advancing the knowledge and interests of tho
people. Invectives against Yankee factories and
Whig tariff*, may subserve the sinister purpose of
the moment j hut the decree has gone forth, sanc
tioned by the wisdom and spirit of the ago—we must
ktep pace wilh the progress of improvement, or lose
caste as a civilized nation. Tho South may invoke
th* felicities of 'free trade,’ and fulminate the ven
geance of Nullification against all who question
the orthodoxy of the ‘forty-bale’ creed; hut tho
well marshalled column* of Northorn Democracy
have taken a position in reference to this subject
which they will not abam on. With a fairly count.
pi] majority of sixty members, u Democratic Con.
gress last winter refused to ratify the slium report
of i'.a own committee—they would not and never
will impugn the policy which fosters American in
dustry. Free Trade, as Mr. Webster said of the
United Slates Bank, lias become un obsolete idcu—
and we uf tbo South may find far heller employ
ment in seizing und appropriating the high advan
tages which belong to our actual situation, than in
waging u fruitless war against the protective policy
of the Government, or maiotaining a dogged ad
hesion to the maxims and usages of a bygone age.
But what is there jq Lite character of our pnpu.
Jalion which denies Jo us the benefits of manufac
turing labor T The negro is held in bondage by
lhe legal authority of hjs master; but can he, on
} lint account, be lest quaHRed for the use of simple
machinery, than the equally unenlightened and far
worse provided European T 1 see no reason to
doubt, that with the same apprenticeship, he will
! become equally if nut mure export. Should it
i however be determined, that the cotton fields and
tho negroes of the South are to be inseparable,
the labor of while parsons can bo bad ruudily in
this Slato. It will hardly be assorted, tlmt boys,
girls and adults in (his country would be loss able
luleurulliu routine of factory doty, titan llioso of
ilia sumo color, age and si x in other purls of the
Union—nor is there nny reuson to doubt that like
advantages would accrue to both them and thuir
employers, as are known to ho realized in Penn
sylvania and Now Yoik. At mmu of tho facto
ries now in operation, sluvusureoinpluyed, but white
persons are more frequently called to tlm work,
nod can ho hired at lower wages, 1 understand,
than are paid in the Northern Stales. Tho owner
of a cotton mill in this State assures me, that he
can at any time, nud on short notion, increase his
number uf laborers to nny desirable extent—thnl
tho light work, punctual pay and snug quarters of
the factory, gave it n decided preference among ilie
laboring clussos of his neighborhood, especially
with the females und beys. Actual experiment in
this Stale thus Ims negatived all presumption u-
gainst the feasibility of securing cheup and effect,
ivo labor for manufacturing purposes.
Tnat no country whoso pursuits hare been ex-
clnsively agricultural, was ever permanently pros,
porous—that n proper diversion of labor is iedis-
pcnsible to tho greatest attainment of wealth —
that a diversion of ono-tentli or more of the labor
now employed in producing the raw material, to
the manufacture of cotton into cloth, cordage, bag-
ging, yum, &i!., would infallibly rnisu the market
price of the article, are propositions which cun be
clearly established. To your inure practised and
fertile pen, you having, n s 1 suppose, leisure and
ready access to statistical authority. I ling leave to
refer tlm discussion of these mid other tops pertain
ing to the objects und purposes of this letter.
With groat esteem, your most ob’t
JOEL CRAWFORD.
New York, January 2 1845.
Accounts from Hudsun removed all doubts us to
the existence of a deep-seuied und dangerous ex
citemoul among the people of tho rivur counties in
regard to the payment of rent. Three more mili
tary companies, making seven in nil, have been
sent from Albany to Hudson, upon the application to
the Governor ol the Mayor of the latter city and
tho Sheriff uf Columbiu county. The revisilion
was made in consequence of the production of a-
bundant proof tlmt '.lie anti-renters wore resolved
upon u sudden movement upon tho jail, where such
of their confederates as linvo been arrested ure
confined. In the. menu while these violators of the
taws arc not without their sympathizers and advo
cates ill this city. Placards may ho seen at every
corner, inviting our citizens to uticnd n meeting nt
Croton Hull to-morrow evening, the object of which
is to protest against the employment of troops in u
civil war "to establish feudalism over freedom.”—
The call is ostensibly made by order of a ‘‘Commit,
tee of tiie New York National Reform Associa
tion and tiie meeting is to take into considera
tion "lliu best means of abolishing that remnant of
feudal barbarism,” the power of landholders to col.
lect rent from their tenants. We can linrdiy won
dernl such manifestations among the people when
sovereign Status have upheld tin; anoln^ous princi
ple of repudiation.
Our great annual holyday passed off without nny
serious disturbances. There were a f, tv fights
and drunken tumults, but these were quelled w ith
out tho necessity ol un arrest by the police. The
weather was delightful, and wo have a repetition of
it to-day. At the Aster (louse a dinner-table was
pread, which was opened to all the friends both of
the hosts and guests uf tho establishment. The
Mayor’s apartment at the City Hall win so crowded
with visitors that it wns difficult to obtain an eti.
nice.
There was n manifest improvement in prices lit
tho slock market to-day. A small advunce was
noted in nearly all the lending securities.9|
In the case of Embrton rs. IIogg ami Delema-
her. touching the patent-right of the Kricsnii pro
peller, the counsel lor the defence closed his argu
ment tills morning, mid was followed by Mr. Cut-
t:n j for the plaintiff Tiie case hail not been giv
en to the jury at the time of the mail’s closing.
A translation ol'tho reply of tho Mexican Secre
tary Rejon to Mr. Shannon’s last official comma,
mention, in which lie gave the lie some twenty times
to his correspondent, appears in the Express of to
day. It forms a remarkable cunlrast to the letter
which called it fotlh. The Secretary is never be
trayed into an uncourteous retort oran ill-tempered
comment' He replies like u man who feels tInit
his adversnry has not the power, however lie may
have tho will, to insult him. Tho severest rebuke
tlmt lie administers is where lie remarks, in relation
to Mr. Shannon's employment of the term barba
rous as applicable to Mexico, tlmt there ure many
other terms which would equally have answered to
explain Mr. Shannon’s ideas, “w ithout uny viola
tion of tiie politeness which should always be main
tained between foreign Governments towards that
of the country to which they ure accredited.”
An Infallible Remedy for Lowness of Spir
its.—Take one ounce of the spirits of resolution
and an equal proportion of the oil of good consci
ence—infuse into these a table spoonful of the
salts of patience, and add thereto a few sprigs of a
plant called ''others woes.” which you will find
freely growing in every part of the garden of life,
uut especially under the broad leaves of a showy
herb culled disguise. Gather also a handful uf tiie
blossoms of hope, which, being perennial, may u|.
wuys he obtuined ; sweeten these with the balm of
Providence, and if you can procure a few drops of
the genuine cordial of true friendship, it will greul-
ly mid to the vuluo of the medicino. But in this
one ingredient especially of counterfeits. There
is a spurious compound, vended by one. Self In
terest, which is obtained easily enough, and by
which thousands are imposed upon. The leust
admixture of it with the above ingredients, would
infallibly spoil the composition. Reduce the whulo
to an cluctunry by a proper proportion ol conserve
of content, flavor it with essence of good judge
ment, and regulate Ihe quantity taken nccording to
the virulence of the disease, A tried recipe und
revor known to luii.
Tiirbbof the Most Wealthy Buisiness Men of
New York.—It is staled in Hunt’s Mcrchuuis
Magazine, that Preserved Fish commenced life us
an apprentice to a blacksmith, and his next situation
was that of a seaman on board a whaling ship
From being a hand before the mast, he rose to bn n
mate, and finally commanded, and in litis hazardous
pursuit ho umassud tlm foundation of his fortune.—
Suul Alley was bound, whet) he was a small boy,
apprentice to a coticUmakor. During Itis opprun
ticeship Itis father died, and left him totally depen
dent on his own exertions. Tlm very clothes ho
wore he was oblige to ourn by toiling extra hours,
nfler the regular time of leaving off work had pass
ed* The foundation of his fortune he acquired by
the exurcisu uf frugality and prudence wliilo a jour
nrymnu mechanic. Cornelius \V. Lawrence, late
Mayor of New York, und now President of the
Bank of the State of Now York, was a furiner’t
hoy,and worked many a long day in ruin and sun
shine on Long Island. There wore few men with
in twenty miles of him that could mow n wider
swartb or turn a neater furrer. Those men liuvc
been the architects of their own fortunes ; they
have earned them by tho swout of their brows;
and their verywenllh, besides tho other means of
doing good to their fellow men which it pots in
their power, is, in itself a perpetual stimulus to
the mechanic and artisan to earn a similar re.
ward by similar frugality, iudustry, and perse,
vorance,
LATE FttUM MEXICO.
Highly Important— General llcraluium throughout
Ihe Republic—Arrest of Canatiso—Overthrow oj
Santa Anna—Departure of Mr. Cushing—Rob.
bery of his Papers.
By tho arrival yesterday of tho schooner Fortu-
tia.from Vera Cruz, wituiico site sailed on the 13th
test., wo have tho important luforinnlion that Ihe
revolution, sinned hi Jalisco by Gen. Paredes, lias
finally extended almost entirely over the country,
und Iliat ihe complete overthrow of tiio tyrant Santa
Anna is certain, although he is still in command of u
few troops ut Quercninro. la the city of Mexico,
the revolution broke out on the 3.1 itist,,nnd by the
Till ull was quiet. Gen Jose Joaquin tie llerreru
wits in I'ommund ut llie last tittles, witlt the title of
Provisional President, w Itilu Cunulizo mid some of
the chief minions of Simla A mm were in u frost.
On tho 1st of December fifty five members of
tho Mouse of D'pulios issued u manifesto, protest
ing nguinst Ihe oiilers promulgated by President
Santa Anna and denouncing tlto Government for
not having hud him removed from oflico. Tito
next day ten others, w ho were not nblo to gel into
the hull on the 1st, signed it.—Tho Senate likewise
adopted the same proceeding on the 2d of Decem
ber—every member, save four, of lliut body signing
tiie urticlo of denunciation. This action gave
great offence to the Dictator, und it scents lliut un
mo 3d December Gen. Canalize, by the express or.
dor of Santa Anna, issued a decree for the dissoln.
lion of Congress. The Dlctutor was nt lliut time
nt Quel eturo, nt the head of some 8000 men, on
his march against the revolutionists in Jalisco.
No sooner wits it krown in M. xico tlmt the urhitrn.
ry decree Imtl been promulgated than an immense
excitement was created among nil classes. The
Chambers at unco made three protests, besides tt
proclamation to the citizens ; but before they could,
have thorn printed. Cnnulizo issued n peremptory or.
derthut till the printing offices, with the single ex
ception of that of El Diurio del Gobicrno, Santa
Anna’s own paid organ, should ho closed, mid that,
publications of every description were expressly
forbidden. When those lyrunical decrees transpir
ed the excitement ruse to such a pitch tlmt all bust',
ness w as suspended, and groups of m -u collected,
in ali quarters to talk over the obnoxious measures
und prepared to act as circunisttim-os might dictate.
Cuualizo in tlto meantime, seeing that affairs were-
coming to a crisis, tied deeming himself unsafe, col..
lec'ednl tho palace nil tho troops lie could gather-,.
some 2000 in number, mid shut himself up witib
them. Burundu, Rt jun [the l itter a name liecon*
familiar to the people oi' the United States] tsaij
Salas, throe of Santa Anna’s minions, also tco’c
refuge in tho pnluuo nt lliu same time..
During the 4th nntl 5th of December the excite
ment continued, with little or no abatement ut any
time. Early on the Gilt largo numbers of the-in
habitants, comprising not only llie leperos nod mid
dling classes hut all tho most wealthy and respeolu-
blo citizens, gathered with arms in their lintn i*,. at
the Convent of San Fiat cisco. Here the worn-
bors ol Congress, having been driven I’rotsi the
Chambers, Imd assembled, among them lining, gen
erals, Hurreru, Gmcin, Cmulo and Cespedes. I’re-
iotts to this the greater pnit of the troops in the
garrison mid in la Cmrludnlu hud really pronounced
in favor of the revolution. Generals, Conde and
Cespedes had coma front the Hx.Aeordndn, w here
ihe movement was going on,and reunited themselves
with the deputies in the Convent.
From litis place, us ive loam by some of the ne.
counts, the etttiie body—members of Congress,,
citizens, leperos and all—inarched to tlto principal
piaza in front of tho palace, and ordered Canalize
to surrender—giving him two hours to reflect and
no more. Wu might hero state that this pnlttco is
near tho centre of tho oily, and lias been tho scene
of many revolutionary conflicts, as its haltered walls
can testify.
Thinking that Itis officers and soldiers would
land by him, Canalize prepared to attack the citi
zens, mid cnllod upon his troops to nutko a sortie.—
At this crisis, one uf Ins officers exclaimed tlmt he
was Ihe soldier of no tyrant, hut of tho nation, nntl
then situated,"Long live, the Congress.” This cry
was taken on by tlto ranks suitemed in the palace,
when Cnnulizo ut once fled in •consternation to his
apartments.
Previous to this, the different bodies in the Con
vent of San Francisco having without a dissenting
voice approved of it. Got). B,errors sent n letter
or despatch, dated from the C< invent nt 2 o’clock in
tho afternoon, tnCaualizu. We give the purport of
Gen. Herrera states, that being empowered by
the Constitution of the Republic, and depending
upon him (Gen. Cnnulizo) for tho complete estab
lishment of order, und further to prevent the effu
sion of blood, he asks him to give orders to the
end that tho Constitutional Government may re
main in the full exercise of its powers. Gnu. H.
continues to the effect that this is u service w Inch a
love of good order ami of country demand of Gen.
C.,und further stales that if lie desires the purpura,
ationnf the good name of the nation, the avoid
ance of troubles in the capital, und difficulties tu>
himself of great magnitude, ho must comply with
his requests.
The answers of Gen. Cunnlizo, for there nre
two of them, are very short, mid .<e give them oil-
lire. Here is the first despatch or note :
Exmo Sr :—In order to avoid any unfortunate
scenes or events in this cnpitul, I am ready imtnedi.
ately to deliver tip the command, and to evacuate
this place ut once,If guaranties tire conceded to
me.
"God and Liberty. National Palace of Mexico,
December 6, 1844, 2 1.2 oelnck in tlto afiernon,
Volcntin Canahzo.—To Itis Excellency, General of
Division, D. J. Joaquin do Herrera.”
In half an hour afterwards, General Cuualizo
sent another despatch, which reads as follows :
Exmo, Sr :—The guaranties of I spoke in my
last despatch, which I have just sent, arc, that pass
ports to leave the Republic shall ho given to myself,
to live four ministers, and to the cominundauto gen.
oral.
"God and Liberty. National Puhicc of Mexico,
December G, 1844, 3 o’clock in the afternoon.—
Valentin Canalizo.—To th: Senor General of Di
vision, D. J. Joaquin do Herrera.”
Canalizo must have been in a desperate hurry
w hen he penned these notes ; but, fearful ns the
emergency was.it wus not so pressing us to induce
him to nbnle one tittle of Itis bombastic name ar.d
official dignities, as an enumeration of them makes
up the bigger part of itis epistles. Perhaps lie
feared that if he shortened his appellation the peo
ple would Inka the hint and shorten itis stature to
suit the abbreviation.
Wo sen no account of the manner of his capture
which look place in tlto afternoon of the Gth ; but
it is certain that he wits detained n prisoner in tlto
palace, together with Salas, the cuintnamlunto gen.
oral as lie is called. Tho Ministers of War and of
the Homo Department It id been set nt liberty upon
giving security, while llejon and Barandu had mudo
their cscupo.
General Herrera immediately issued a proclama.
lion to the inhabitants of Mexico, which is of great
significance. It imports that the deposed Govern
ment of Mexico entertained designs entirely nntag.
onisticul to the luws and liberties of the country.—
lie next demands und entreats all good citizens to
come to tho suppoitof the public authorities, and
to uid in the inainteiiunco ol order und legal rule,
lie implores the population of the cotinliy to stand
by him, lie having been called to command (or the
mere purpose, os he alleges, of serving the country,
lie asserts that not only tho principal citizens of
the Republic, but the prominent officers of the gar
rison of the city of Mexico, hnve invited him to as
sutoe the reigns uf power, in order that general
disorder should not ensue from the embarrassed
stato of the Republic.
On the 7th of December, Gen. Horrera was np.
pointed Provisional President of the Republic with
a cabinet as follows; JJnn Luis G. Cuevas, Minister
of Foreign Relations ; Don Mariano River Palaci
os, of Justice end-Public Instruction; Don Pedro
Echevarria, of Internal Affairs ; Gen. Pedro Car-
cia Conde, of War and Marino.
On thecveiilug of the Gilt und during tho whole
of tho 7th of December the greatest rejoicings
look place in the city of Mexico, uceompuniod by
many acts, which show thu deep detestation in
which Banin Amin was held, A number of Itis
portraits in the public places wore drowned through
the streets, turn into fragments, and every lepero
preserved u piece us a memento of their oppress
til’s downfall. The statue of Santa Aaan in Ihe
plaza was tumbled down, broken into pieces, and
thu head borne in triumph through the city. It is also
suited thnl tlie crowd intoxicated with joy end fran
tic with revenge, afterwards proceeded to the mon
ument where tlto leg of their Dictator lind been bn
tied with so much pomp n year or two since, broke
it into atoms, und then kicked and drugged tlto cm
bnlmcd litnb through the plazas nml principle thor
oughfares. While till this wus being enacted by
the mob, the more prominent citizen* were rejoic
ing heartily in the chnnge of Government. Men
sagos ol congratulation In-tween fl, u tiiumpltnnt trail
[louse were interchanged, uml the new President,
Herrera, was Whited upon by crowds, who appear-
ed most joyous in obtaining relief from tlm despot
ic rule under which they hnve groaned since the
downfall of Bosliiincnle. S.irlt were the scenes
enacted in Mexico—great were Ihe rejoicings till
over the country.
Tlm revolution ng-iinst Santa Area appears to
he genornl, yet we lienr id little blood-hod except
nt J.ilnpn, where u ft tv pursuits were killed- At
Piichl-i the iiihuhilunts rose its w itlt one voire, Imn-
b!cd down the statue, of the obnoxious tyrant, und
tore his portrait into n thousand tatters.
The revolution til Vera Cruz broke out on the
9th inst., and notwithstanding this may lie consider-
ered as one of Strata Anna’s strongholds, tho pop
ular feeling against him appears In have been al
most unanimous. Tiie grito, or cry. W'ns first mis
ed a few miles front the city by Col. Senobio, who.
with n few hundred ful'otvers declared in fuv.tr of
Congress. Soon after. Don Renito, Qnijitno, Gov
ernor of Vera Cruz pronounced against Strata An-
an and in favor of tho Congress, trad immediately
ull was excitement nml rejoicing. Tho populace
first tore the portrait of the Dictator into tntlo-s
mill then burnt it in the plaza, after which they pro
ceeded in crowds towards tlto houses of the citi
zens who were obnoxious from their known friend
ship for Strata Anna, (bursting for vengeance and
threatening to take their lives. Owing to the efforts
of the CommnndanloGeneral their lives w ere spared,
he promising the populace that all those who Imd
made themselves inimical to thn best interests of
the people should bo banished the city.
On the following day order was completely res
tored, the citizens in the meantime forming them
selves into tniliittry bodies to resist nny attempts
that might lie made by Santa Anna and his friends.
On the evening nf the 12th of December the trag
edy of "Brutus, or Rome Made Free," was per
formed nt the theatre, in honor of the success of
the revolutionists. Here we will insert ntt extract
of a loiter to a gentleman in this city, showing the
completeness of the revolution. It is dated,
"Vera Cruz, Dec. 11, 1844.
“ As fitr us I can learn, no p ! ace hold out for
Santa Anna. Jalnpn, Perote, Orizaba and Cordo
va Imve pronounced, and the great man’s fall ap
pears to mo inevitable. I do not see n loophole for
him to creep out of, and I shall be glad if I tint the
first to give you this decisive news.
“ This lias been n revolution of public opinion.
Nat n sword has been drawn nor a drop of blood
spill; and, amidst nil the apparent disorder of n
revolution, and with no military to restrain the pop
iiliico. no excess lias been committed.
"Here Santa Anna’s portrait was taken out of
the Municipnl Rooms and thrown to the populace,
w ho lore it into a thousand pieces. Tiie grentust
enthusiasm prevailed ; and, ns I said before, in the
midst of nil this confusion, there is not u single in
stance of any excess having boon committed.—
This is tho triumph of popular opinion over the
forco of arms, and is tiiu commencement of anew
era in the existence of the Mexicnn Republic.”
Anna ua, it I tlw U«l Mdounla nt Quoi-ola
ro, where he had yet about 2500 inert—the remain,
dor of the large army that accompanied him thith
er liming deserted his sinking fortunes. Were
this force composed ol altogether trustworthy men
it would seem almost impossible that lie has any
chance to escape the enemies by whom he is sur-
rotiudotl. It is asserted tlmt tho new Government
offers him no terms short of Itis pitying op the
twelve millions of dollars oi the public money lie is
charged with having uselessly .squandered or ap
propriated to his own private purposes. This con.
dition it can scarcely be possible to execute, and in
default of complying with it, the deposed tyrant is
threatened with death.
We have given such a synopsis of the intelli.
gence brought hy tlto Fortune ns will enable the
public to form an accurate idea of the condition of
the revolution in Mexico and the position of Santa
Anna’s nffuirs. We might Imve gone more into
detail and traced the progress of the movement in
the various departments of the Republic ; but an
unnecessary multiplicity of the incidents would ru.
(her confuse the minds of readers, not intimately
acquainted with the geography and personnel, of
tiie country tlmn ad J to tho forco of such as are ad
equate to a proper comprehension of the posture of
Mexican affairs.
Mr. Cushing—Robbery of his papers in Mex
ico.— We learned verbally yesterday, that tlto Hon.
Mr. Cushing, late Minister to Chinn, hud sailed
from Vera Cruz for Nctv York. It is reported
that he came down safely from the city of Mexico
with all Itis public documents, but Itis servant, who
followed next liny with his private papers, was rob.
bed ol every tiling on the road by tho iadroues. If,
aswearo fearful, Mr. C's. notes of travel were
among these papers, the loss is truly a great one.
A Ghost Storv.—Some years have now passed
since the son of u merchant in lltn west of Eng.
land Imd occasion to nmke a voyage to N. America,
for the settlement of some nffuirs with that foreign
branch of the house, leaving n sister in delicate
health, hut not absolutely an invalid, at home.—
lie arrived sufuly, oml was received under the rool
of Itis brother, who managed the business in Amer
ica. A few days after Itis urrivul lie made his ap
pearance at lliu break List table with un aspect so
wo.begone and httggnrd tlmt his brother was alarm
ed : 'You are not well,’said lie ; ‘ivlint is the mat
ter?’ ‘Nothing: I urn quite well in body.’ ‘Then
brother, something has happened : do not canccnl
it from me.’ There was a pnuso ; and then the
older born, looking steadfastly in Itis brother’s fucc
said ‘Mary is dead : 1 saw her last night !’ ‘Our
sister?’ ‘Yes.’ In vain did the younger brother
reason with the elder upon the fully of giving away
to such delusions. The solemn reply was, - vlte is
dead, I saw her and spoke with Iter at Itnlf past
twelvo last night.’ Finding all remonstrance vain,
the younger noted Ihe lime, not with nny belief in
the fatal announcement ; but for tiie purpo-e of
hereafter convincing Ids brother of tho ubsurdity
ol yielding to such melancholy impressions.—The
business which led the elder brother uhroatl having
been transacted, he returned to England : nnd,
when the ship tlmt brought him hutiie came in an
chor, Itis fultier’s bout, in which was an old servant
of thu family, canto alongside, lie was in mourn
ing. 'How ure iny fallter und mother ?’ hastily
inquired tiie son. 'Master ar.d mistress arc quite
well, sir,but ’‘You need not goon; my sister
Mary is dead ; she died on the —lit’—naming the
month and hour. And it was so.—Hood's Maga
zine.
A quaint writer says:—"I have seen women sn
Jolicalu that they were afraid to ride, for fear of the
horse running away; afraid lo sail, for foar the
boat might overset; afraid to walk, for fear the
dew might fall; but I never saw ono tlmt was afraid
to be marrid.
" [c U »SS.fO»*tW« •* TH«‘CHA«UUTO» COUal**.]
Washington, Jan. 3.
At the caucus, held last night by the democratic
member* of (he House, it was determined, upon tlto
recommeiiuathm of their committee heretofore np.
pointed, lo luke up tint subject of annexation this
tiny. It was agreed not lo adopt at present uny
particular plan of annexation, but to alibi'd ail op
portunity lor the discussion uf eucii uf die several
plans that Imve been proposed. Accordingly I lie
Iioiiso, this morning, went into Coimnitluu of tho
Whole, and ori motion of Mr. C. J. Ingersoll, look
up tiiu bill reported from the Committee on Foreign
AlKtits for the unnexation of Texas. The other
schemes proposed l»y different individuals—Messrs
Belser, Dougin**, Weller, nnd others, were uLo be-
fore tin-Committee ol lliu Whole.
Mr. C. J. logiirsoll opened tlm debate, mid spoke
an hour in a very interesting manner on the gener
al. subject. Amotion was Hindu to allow him to
continue hot ho declined it, though ho hud not ft .-
jslicd. Mr. lngeraoll dwelt on mu immil'eslmioii
of public sentiment in ftiior of minexution. tho in-
crra.-eil favor with which the measure was tegaid-
< d of lute, &c. He insini il that if Texas hud burn
annexed at tiie Into ses-imi it uoiijd Imve been pro.
duetivu of no excitement, nnd lliut in ten days there
would huvu bri n a general acquiescence in tiiu
measure. 11 - showed that it would not involve us
in any difficulty with K gland, Mexico or Franco,
trad Hint even if it were to Imve I hat effect, it was
now lime lu declare thul no foreign nation should
interfere in our affairs. He urged the policy of the
measure upon the Southern Stines, nnd invoked that
nalitmai .-pun w hielt Imd heretofore been displayed in
every great emergency hy every part of the Union,
l'. e question, lie sunl, tv.is a iiutiunul nnu, though
in some sense broad as the north eastern boundary
question was, upon whielt the whole country was
prepared lo ai t ns otto man,
Mr. Belsci.ot Alabama, followed, and maintain
ed tlto position lliut tlto legislative authority wus
adequate to the nuitexulion of m-vv territory to tho
union, lie replied lo the position of Mr. Culiutin
on this subject, and Contended that Lmiisiniia could
have been annexed by legislative net as well its by
treaty. 1 here was no express provision in lliu con
stitution to bring in foreign territory, but it was a
power necessarily belonging to sovereignty, nud
could ho exercised in any of the three w ays point
ed out l>v the Constitution. Ho explained nnd urg
ed the plan which ho Imd proposed.
Mr. liigursull’a plan udupts and enacts tlto provi
sions of tlto treaty. Mr. Belscr’s simply provides
tlmt 1 e.xus be annexed with the consent of Iter au
thorities; lliut possession lie taken of it; n tempo,
rttry Government established,and the country pro
leolod from foreign invasion.
Tito House adjourned after Mr. Belser’s sp ecli.
Tiie Senate did not sit to-dav,
I* tsti without Eves and the Mammoth Cave
of Kentucky.—Many of our readers Imve doubt-
loss been apprised of tiie exiraordinury fact, that
tiie Mammoth Cave of* Kentucky ims within it u
lake in which are" fish without eyes;” but it hits
been left to our totvnmuii. Dr. Dentiiold, so well
and favorably known us one of the most eminent
Surgeons of the uge, to make the effort lo transfer
these wonders of tiie great cave to tlto Savans of
l’uris. In tiie course ufhis correspondence and in
terchange of civilities with the distinguished seten-
tific men of the Continent, lie has alluded to litis
strange fact in natural history, so clearly demon
strating thnl the Almighty creates nothing without
u purpose; and finally determined, if possible, to
procure some specimens to he forwarded to Puris.
This, through tho agency of tlto Hon; James K.
Paulding, nnd the kindness of Dr. Crognn, he Ims
accomplished , nnd the specimens are now in itis
possession in good health and fine condition, at his
office in Broadway. Mr. Paulding, whose writings
and richly eurned literary reputation, Imve mudo
him hotter known in Europe than his having filled
the office of Secretary ol the Navy, Ims addressed
Dr. Denlt.old u letter on the subject, which wu pro.
sumo will be forwarded with the specimens to
which it refers, and from which we are permitted
to make the following extract :
Extract of a letter from J. K. Paulding to Dr.
Dcntnoid:
"The Mammoth Cave is within a few miles of
Green River in the Stato of Kentucky, so called
from its waters being ol'tho color of the sen. it is
the largest cavern in thu known world, having ei
ther thirty or thirty-two uvoniies radiating from the
area within tho cnlerencc, each one extending lo
tiie distance of ten miles under tho earth. A man
therefore, in going and returning through these nv.
onties, would cover a distance of upwards of six
hundred miles. The temperature is uniform eve.
ry where and nt nil times, being about forty do.
grees, 1 think; the air is perfectly dry, and the
earth strongly impregnated with suit poire, which
preserves every thing from decay. Some years
ago, tho body of a female Indian wus found there,
enveloped in basket-work, and wrapt up in aspe
cts of Indian cloth of which I once possessed a
specimen, which I gave away to a friend, it was
t\ perfect mommy, and without doubt centuries old.
Almost every separate upuilmont of this cave is
incrusted or ornamented with stulactities or mmlifi.
cations ofmineral substances—some of pure irons,
parent crystal, others more or lusu opaque ; and
nothing can equal the splendor of tiio former when
illuminated by the light of flumbenux.
Some distance from iho mouth of tiio cave, and
far enough within, to involve tlto spot in profound,
as well us perpetual darkness, is a small Lake, con.
taining Fish without eyes, of which I have procured
you four as specimens. There are also in il craw,
fish equally destitute of the organs of sight, as I
am informed by Dr. Croghnn, ihe gentleman who
sent me these strange fishes. In another pnrt of
the cove, the sound of a Water Full can distinctly
ho heard, though the darkness is so profound, and
the cavern whence it issues so deep, lliut ns yet,
no one has ventured lo explore its recesses, it
is itt fact u little subterranean world, and well nicr.
its tiie attention of scientific travellers, us ulsoof the
ndtnirers of the wonders of nature, ranking as it
does among her works, with the Fulls of Niannra,
the River Mississippi, und other gigantic creations.
The Mammoth Cavo is the property of Dr. John
Croghan. of Locust Grove, near Louisville, Ken
tucky, a mail ol science as well ns of extonsive
property above ground and under ground, who,
with the liberality of Itis native State, permits nil
Literary and Scientific. Institutions in ull parts of
the world, lo make collections of its various miner
als, &c., and is nt nil times ready to give his cuun.
tennnee us well as his aid to intelligent and scientif
ic visitors.
Important.—The children and heirs at law of
Mary Brown, deceased, lute the wife of James
Brown,and sister to Win. Stewurt, deceased, will
rec ive a largo sum of money hy making them
selves known to J. M. Williams, at Lebanon,
Warren county, Oniu.
Editors, by noticing tho above in their papers,
will entitle themselves lo the thunks from orphans
lliut may he, poor nmJ needy.
A Goon One.—It is presumed to bo a general
known fact, (ut least among married men,) that a
species of grass cloth lias been worn the past sum
mer, when manufactured in ladies’ shirts,—and
which gave tile person wearing il quite un increas
ed rotundity uf form. A butchelor clergyman, oil
saluting a couple of his lutntile friends, during thu
chat, remarked lu Ilium witlt some surprise—.“Why
bless mo ! how fleshy you have both grown !”
“Yes," replied one of tiie lair ones, “hat you know
thu scriptures say, 'ull flesh is grass, after ail.”
A Smart Woman.—"Did you ever aec unv of
the popular uovels ?” said a city dame lo a country
cousin.
“No ma’am,” she replied, "but I have seen ‘pop
lar trees-"
How large u Texast-i T«..» n „„
swqr* llie inUKrognlory thus-—It J ft P l ’ r *«•
000 square miles, trail i« („q *'*• #1*.
lowing Suites unit, d : ' 01 die fo|.
Sq’r iriles
48 000
48.000
50.000
Louisiana
Mississippi
Alubn inn,
Georg! t
South Curolinn,
Virginia
02,000
33 000
77,000
fu|.
P "l'i't lMO
852 411
675.861
590,707
514 598
1.230,797
Total
318,000 4.467.410
Deatji of Roger M. Shermin. 'll,,. ti „
grr Mitral Slier,non. L. L. D.. died on
"t one o eloek.nl I'aiifi-M. Conn., in ,| 1(l lj "'
of his ago. Mr. Sherman was one ofJ? ^
distinguished of the sons of New England.
I'AMILY Expenses—Fanners should |.
act accounts of every article that is |„i r ,.| lu ,
Borne charge all the expenses of the week h t
purchased goods and of the produce which'
mire trail consume. The latter practice i. ,
'■":• pi n£.va-
no! much used to writing. But if |,e Itai c hil!l
they may Hike good lessons trad learn lo write
keep fntr accounts at the stmo time. “ na
^ cl it is not of so much consequence to a fn
to note dim u wlmt he consumes from his a*., r‘T. er
tts w hat he must pay for it, cash, or i„ equi j"*'
llu nmv count us nothing nil that is e u , si l.,
from ins own grounds—all these are |,j d
qtiisiles, and whether his family eats three hlK
weight of pot k, or four hundred. <i liisovvn it
lie will not mind the difference. So of ,jn h
garden produce; a little more or less, cun, umedlf
Itis own family from his own wholesale store, w
not much affect his slunding ut the clusa nfil
yenr. Ule
But he must look well to Itis purchases from oik
ers, uml particularly at retail prices. If |, e i,,"'
fort,mate us to live very near n shop or store where
he can have all mnnnerof fancy articles, as Ue ||
necessaries which Itis family needs—and j, "
without cash in hand, or even an order undirT*
own sign manual—he should l0 j, „ lu j '
once a month, or the account w ifi u ; ruthorhrttr
than Ito anticipated. “
As we think there is a marked m-m c;i - Vt w .
purchased goods and those of one’s
duclion, wo would most seriously advise every
dining farmer to keep an exact account of a'l
purchases, though he may be careless in other re
specls* If he has ten in his fttntilv, lie may be
obliged to buy two or three hundred ‘dollars worth
of clothing und \V. I. goods in u y ear. In r ,. e , r( j
lo clothing lie will profit by purchasing cloth by the
quantity und have il iniide up in his own houie. If
his wilc knows nothing of tailoring |,u Iter go front
homo and learn something of the art, or let Imt hits
n woman, for u week, who can tench her the nidi,
ntenls. All the daughters can then learn,and they
will ull find this quite as necessary tut occouipliib.
.•neat, when they route to housekeeping, as playing
on Hie piano or lliu guitar. The music loo will
sound hotter fo a refined ear.—Mass. Ploughman.
A 5ecrf.t Society.—Tiie New.York Sun ssyit
Sometime since a most singular document wu
placed in our possession, which wo did not then use
partly because its contents were not at our ohto!
lute disposal, nnd partly because wc did not give it
the consideration to which subsequent events have
proved it was entitled. Il contained in full detail
the plan of an association or Secret Society in
Mexico, whose members were ntutuully pledgedto
labor for the political and absolute union of Mexico
with the United States of the North, (lauuionpolit■
tea y absohUa entre los Estados Unidos itel Forte
y Mexico,) and gives tile rensons for this hold und
original determination. The names nppendedare
among tho most influential in Mexico—men inti-
tt lately acquainted with the spirit and workings of
our institutions.
The New England Dinner in New Yoiu.
One toast was—
“Tlto Sister Benevolent Societies,”
To this a keen Irishman replied with a joke,that
we’er afraid is not nil a joke.
Mr. Roy hurt), of the St. Patrick Society, respon
ded in ono of his udntirable little speeches, delivered
in the rich trad racy patois of Itis country. He
said, "Mr. President and gentlemen of Si. Join-
than, (laughter.) I lipg pardon, the New England
Society, | have heard a grant of Plymouth Hock,
which, I am sorry to say, [ have never seen. I
hope, however, one day to make a pilgrimage toil.
(Cheers.) We Imve nlso n famous ruck or stone
in Ireland, which we call the 'Blarney Stone.’—
(Laughter.) But like his honor tlto iituyur, 1 don't
much like long speeches. Soto come at onco tot
close, let nte give you—
"Plymouth Rock—the Blarney Stone of New Eng -
land.”—(Roars of laughter for several tumult f.)
Boston Chronicle.
To wash Lace.—Take a square black bottle,and
sew over it u piece of thick linen or coitun rag.—
Wind the lace smoothly aroumi the bottle, securing
the cuds und taking care that mi pnrt of the edge il
crumpled or turned inward. Sew ttnotlier jiiicoof
rag ull over litis outside, so ns entirely to cover the
Inctt. Make a strong lutlter nf white soap with cold,
clear, water, (if filtered the better) trad put it into*
large stono jar or crock, standing the bottle upright
in the suds. Put the crock on n stave or furnace,
and boil an hour more. Take out tlto bottle, wash
the crock, and fill it with clear cold water in which
you liuvc mixed a table spoonful of s'urclt. Replace
tlto bottle,and let it lignin come ton boil. When
you luke out the bottle reinuvo the upper cummig
und dry tiio luce in the sun on the under li..cit.——
Take il off tiie bottle, and smooth it over with a
coni iron, carefully passing out eucii scollop of the
edge.
To clean Bonnet Strings.—'i’uko them off, rub
powdered clay on the pacts Hmiure must soiled,and
then roll the strings lig'i !y round a ribhon.block,
securing the the end with a minikin pin, Wrttpop
the block with the ribbon, in coarse brown paper,
and pul it away till next day. Then renew the clay,
ond put it nuny again. By repeating litis proceM
thu rihlion will become quite clean. Then brushou
tlto clay. A durk or full colored bonnets ribbon,
which has been worn ull winter, mnybomatieto
last another season by taking it off in the spring,
cleaning the stiiugs, ns above, with VVilmiogton
cluy, (lor which magnesia is a tolerable substitute,)
and lolling ull the ribbon on blocks ; afterwards
wrapped in brown paper. When opened for use it
will bu found to look surprisingly well.
Magnesia powder wi• I remove grease spots from
silk.
Camuhor Spirits.—There is both cO'tvriia'BCS
md ec onomy in preparing liquid camphor yourself !***
to house should tie without it. Buy two ounces ol
gutn c ttnpltor, ami a pint ami a half of spirt's uf
(a'cohol ) Break up tho camphor, pick it clean, s'"
pul it into a large glass buttle or jar—cno witlt *
stopper, will he lies’—pour on the a cuhol, and corkt
closely tying a piece of kid leather over the top- *”*»
day you will find tho camphor entirely dissolved.
present convenience, transfer a portion of it to si**
Pottles or phials. In buying phials, it is best •■•'J*
to gel tlie short wide ones that will stand IlictuseJv
To take camphor as a remedy for faintness, pour * ■*
drops into a hall a wineglass of water; stir it a ’
and drink it. Camphor is excellent to sprinkle sbetl
■irk-ruem. It is well lo keep in a second bottle as 0 ™
what different preparation lo bo used in bathing
hirebead for nervous headache, or ns »n embrocAH
tor rheumatic) paittes. For these purpuses, 111,1
dissolving the camphor in alcohol only, pour on it Sf ’
its of ivmo and whiskey mixed in equal proportwW'
Thusd,luted, it will cause toss irritation to the •
That Boy I—"What can you do my boy!
cau do mowin’ cons.deruble, I rides the turlt'S*
ter, milks the geese, cards down the old rooatiGt
up tho pig’a tails in papers to m»ko eaten ,
str-ngs Hie grasshoppers, snd makes fires to co i-