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ifatTThecassof Vermont is more In point. She ’reason* that Induce me M favor annexation upon
waa a separate and independent community, whir i So principle* elated,
a Government of her own. Sho waa not even one
oftha original revolting thirteen coloniea. She
had never been united In the old Confederation, and
did not recognise the juriediction of the United
States.
•{Mr. Collamar, of Vermont, interrupted, and
anid, that Vermont did at that time fully recognise)
the authority of the United Slates.]
Mr. 'Stephens. Yes, sir; but not oerr her.—
She recognised the authority of the United States
as we do that of Frunce or England, or any other
foreign Power. She was a distinct, independent
Government within herself. Sho had her own
Constitution, Legislature,Executlvo, Judiciary, and
Military establishment, and exercised ail the facul
ties of a sovereign and independent Slate. Sho had
her own post office department, ami revenue laws
and regulations of trade. The United Stutes did
not attempt to exorcise nny jurisdiction over iter. —
The gentleman from Vermont says that New York
claimed jurisdiction over, end finally gave her con.
sent for the admission of Vermont ns a Slate.—
This is true, liut Vermont did not recognise the
jurisdiction of New York ; she bade dehnnee to ii.
And after years had rolled on in this situation, sho
treated with Now York as one sovereign trouts
with another, and puid thirty thousand dollars to
New York, fora relinquishment of that jurisdic.
lion which she would notallow to bo exercised, and
was then admitted into the Union as one of the
States, These are the facts of that case. Again:
from the contemporaneous history of the times, is
it a violent presumption to suppose that the con
vention, at the time this clause of the Constitution
was Inserted, were looking to the probability of
some of the other British colonies throwing otl'llio
government of ilia mother country, and uniting with
its ? We know thut the old Articles of Confedera
tion hau been adopted with that view, for they con
tained an express provision, that—
••Canada, acceding to this Confederation, and
"joining in the moasuresof the United States, shall
"be admitted into and entitled to all the advantages
“of this Union ; but no oilier colony shall bo ud-
"mitted into the same, unless such aJmissiun be
agreed to by nine Stutes.”
And ns we Know iltut the object of lhe Constitu
tion was to remodel the Union, and enlarge the
powers of Congress, as well ns llie general powers
oft he Government—and we find in the present
Constitution the clause which it contains in rela
tion to the admission of new Slates, in lien of the
one just staled in the Articles of Confederation—is
it not reasonable to suppose thut the same idea was
still retained, and instead of requiring the consent
of nine States, or two-thirds, for the admission of
any but Canada, that it was the intention for the fu
ture to put them all upon the seme footing, and leave
it with Congress to udittit them, if a case should
arise ? And is it not presumable, thut if the inten
tion had been to withdraw the privilege before ex
tended to Canada in express terms, it would Imve
been done in terms equally plain and explicit ?
But again : It has been said, that whatever Con
gress does in its legislative capacity is of a muni-
cipal character, and purtukes of tile nature of luws,
which are subject to repeal ; that in this xvay one
Congress cannot bind another succeeding one ; and
that, though such a measure ns is proposed might
be adopted this session, yet the next one might re
peal it, and there is nothing in the Constitution to
prevent i', &c. Bui is it true that Congres can do
nothing legislatively which is not municipal in its
nature, and subject to repeal? It certainly is not.
So fur from this being correct, I will venture to af
firm that no action of Congress which proposes
terms to oilier parlies can ever bo constitutionally
repealed after the terms Imve been acceded to, and
rights and interests have thereby accrued. Besides
charters, we have u number of such ucts. All our
acts reluting to patents and land grants arc of this
class. And how did this Government become
possessed of the fertile and extensive lands of Alu-
bama and Mississippi, but by legislative compact
and agreement with the State of Georgia, by which
they were ceded ? And could that, or any other
similar compact, be repealed 1 And how does a leg
islative compact between litis Government and a
foreign Stale so dilfer in its nature or municipal
character from a similar one with one of the States
of the Union, us to be entirely null and void, while
tlie latter remains good, effectual, and binding l
But I cunnoldweil upon this.
Another objection offered is, that if Texas should
be admitted as a Stale, she could not he constitu
tionally represented on this floor and in the Senate
for some time ; for the Constitution declares, thut
“no person shall be a Representative who shall not
“have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and
itMfiiT. m TwnYiiiffir |Yi f iMumamask
wi-f • m "i—!l■■■■rttajg
And, to becin negatively, 1 will stats that I am
not at all influenced by the military view which
some gentlemen have with much earnestness pre
sented. It will add but little strength In my opin.
ion, to our Southwestern border in thut particular.
Such at lonst was the view cntertuiiieJ when our
claim was relinquished. Tito idea that an nrtny
landing in Texas, and marching several hundred
miles over her lowlands to attack tlio city of New
Orleans,! consider almost prepostorons. Oilier
considerations opart, Texas bus no ports of suffi
cient depth of water ut the bar to allow large ships
to enter, us we see by the report of the surveys of
tho coast before us. Galveston is the best port,
and thut has hut twclvo feet of water at the bar.—
A man of war could never enter one of her bur-
bora.
Neither tint I much influenced by the pecuniary
advantages to bo derived from tho union of that
country with this—the benefits of trade, commerce.
&c. So far us these are concerned, the uccessiou
will be to the interests exclusively of the North
and West. That section which l represent will
have no purt or siiurc in them. Tho North will
have an enlarged market for their manufactures,
and will have a new competitor in the field against
llie South, in tho growth of the raw material which
sho now lias to hoy, and by which site will bo ena
bled to gel it cheaper. The snoto with the West
with their brendstuffs; while tho South will Itavo
nothing to sell to tho people of Texas, but will
feel sorely Iter formidable competition in tltc pro
duction of cotton and sugar, her great staples. If
l looked to those views, therefore, only, I should
most certainly oppose it, in behalf of my section ;
for 1 take it for grouted that, notwithstanding the
same staples might and would be grown in Texas,
whailiui io ilio Union or out of It, yet they would
not be grown to such extent, and the whole resource
of the country would never bo so speedily and fully
developed out of the Union, ns they will be if once
brought within the wholesome influence of our
luws and institutions. I am lion ever, influenced by
other considerations. These I will state.
In tlie first place, the people of that country are
mostly emigrants from litis. They are of tiro Am-
erico-Anglo-Saxon race. They are from us. and
of us, bone of our bone, and flesh of our flesh.—
Our sympathies ure with them; and they have an
attachment for our institutions and form of govern,
ment, and, in their struggles for tho estahlhhment
of tho same, it is hut natural that we should be dis
posed to extend thorn a helping hand, though our in.
dividual interests may not ho thereby advanced.
Again : I consider it important lliat the cotton
and sugar growing.into rests of litis continent, us far
ns possible, should be subject to tho samo laws—to
prevent undue advantages, secured by treaty, sepa
rate regulations of trude.or otherwise, in the mar-
kets of tho world. If Texas should remain out of
the Union, and a rivnlship should spring up there to
the staples of the South, our interests might bo
greatly injured by regulations with other countries,
partial to theirs, and discriminating against ours.—
This cannot be, if the whole be made subject to the
same laws and policy. Again: a large section of
that country lios upon navigablu waters flowing in
to the Mississippi, nud must always seek a market
through the outlet of that river. Mure than three-
hundred thousand dollars worth of cotton, produc
ed in Texas year before last, was shipped from
New Orleans; first paying a duty upon entering
llie limits of our country, nnd then being entitled
to tho drawback upon final shipment. Ail tills is
inconvenient, nud will continue to increase. And
the history of the world shows the necessity, for
llie peace and quiet of a country, that the naviga
tion of waters should be free and equal to those
who livo upon tltoii 1 borders. The people of the
Western country, on the upper Mississippi nnd its
branches, fell tlie difficulties attending a contrary
state of tilings when Spain held the mouth of tho
noble stream. Our commerce, upon arriving at
New Orleans, was subject to onerous restrictions ;
difficulties threatening the peace of litis country
were tho result ; and to avoid them was perhaps
the controlling reason with Mr. Jefferson fur tlie
acquisition of Louisiana. To avoid similar ones
between this Government nnd the people of that
section to which I have alluded, it is important that
it should be brought into this Union,
Again -• I am in favor of it, because it will afford
an outlet,a retreat, foronr accumulating popululiun.
It will open a ne.v field for the pioneer. Our peo.
pie aro disposed to roam. They like new countries
and new lunds , and there they will have opened
up a great Southwest within our own country, to
which the tide of emigration may fiotv—to which
our people may go, fur the purpose of gain, ndven.
“been seven years a citizen oj the United States," I tore, and enterprise, carrying with them their cus
&c., and ‘ no person shall be a Senator who shall
not have attained to the Bge of thirty 1 years, nnd
been nine years a citizen of the United Stales," &.
And as the people of Texas are not citizens of the
United Stales, it would require seven and nine years,
respectively, before members tu tlie House and
Senate could be chosen, which is wholly inconsis
tent, it is said, whith the idea of the constitutional
toms, their habits, their laws, and “household gods”
without incurring tho liability of expatriation, or
forfeiting the inestimable rights and privileges of
being American citizens.
With this question is also to be decided another
and greuter one ; which is, whether tltc limits of
this Republic ure ever to bo enlarged ? This is an
important step in settling tlie principle of our ftt-
admission of her as a State. But what is to bo tin- lure extension. Nor do I concur with gentlemen
derslood by these clauses of the Constitution ? The
gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Dromguols) yeslor.
day said that they applied only to naturalized for
eigners ; that residents of foreign acquired territo
ry, as in the case of Louisiana, became citizens
immediately, without naturalization ; and there
fore these clauses of the Constitution did not refer
to that class of citizens. This may he a correct
answer to the objection; but I have another in my
mind, which seems tome muclt more satisfactory.
It is founded in the nature of our Government nnd
the meaning of the term United States. What ure
we to understand by the United States ? No partic
ular number of States, certainly, for an indefinite
time; no particular, unvarying naiiunu! iden
tity, as wo speak of England or France ; but
such Stales and such country ns muy be united ut
any given time under the Constitution. Tlie United
Slates, at first, were but eleven, afterwards tlrir.
who seem to apprehend so much danger from that
quarter. We were the other day reminded by rho
gentleman from Vermont (Mr. Collamar) of the
growth of tire Roman Empire, which went on in
creasing and enlarging until it became unwieldy,
and fell of its own weight, und of tire present ex-
tent of Englnnd, stretching to all sections of the
world, governing one-sixth of the human family,
and which is now hardly able to keep together its
extensive parts. But there is a wide difference be
tween these cases. Rome extended her dominions
by conquests. She made the rude inhabitants of
Iter provinces subjects and slaves. She compelled
them to bear the yoke ; jugum subire was the re.
quisition of Iter chieftains, and none who were
overcome by tier arms could escape tltc ignominy.
England extends her dominion uud power upon a
dilfereut principle;. Hers is the principle of col-
onizution. Her distant provinces and dependen-
teen,and now twenty-six ; and to he a citizen of | cies are subject to Iter laws, but are deprived of
the United States is to be a citizen of either or any t the right of representation. But with us n new sys-
one of them. All that is nesessary to comply with tern has commenced, suited to und characteristic of
tb> '8e requisitions of lire Constitution is, that the i tlie age. It is, if you please, the system of con-
member or Senator, when he takes his seat, sltall j federation of Status, or it Republic formed by llie
have been a citizen of one of the States fur tiio time | union of tlie people of separate independent Stutes
required, IfTexas be admitted, as proposed, site I or communities, yielding so much of (lie national
immediately becomes one of the United States ; f character of sovereign powers as are necessary for
and the member coining here, who shall have beon 'national and foreign purposes, nnd retaining all
a citizen of that country for seven years, will of others, for local ami domestic objects to themselves
course have been a citizen of one o( the turn Unit- separately und severally. And who sltall under-
ed States for the time required. This must Imve take to say to what extent this system may not go?
been tho case with North Carolina and Rhode Is- ' Mr. Madison laid down the rule, in speuking of our
here then—to Baltimore ; now it require* but an
instant, as quick as thought or lightning; and, with
comparatively a emu-1 amount of funde; the sarnie
facilities could be extended to Boston, Cincinnati,
and Now Orleans, or even to Astoria upun the Pa
cific.
Wo live, sir, not only in a new hemisphere, but
in n new age; and we Imve started a new systom of
Government, os new nnd as different from those of
llie old world as the Baconian syatom nfphylosophy
was novel and different from tho Aristotlean, und
destined, perhaps, to produce quite as groat a revo.
lulion in the moral uud political world as his did on
the scientific. Ours is the true American system,
and, though it is still regarded by some as un e x
periment, yet, so far, it has succeeded beyond tho
expectations of inuuy of its best friends. A ltd
who is prepared now to rise up and say, “ Thus for
it slmll go, uud no farther!”
But ! am in favor of this measure for anothr rea
son, It is, ns the honorable chairman of llie C om-
mitlec oti Foreign Adairs suid in his ope ning
speech, in ono sense and in one view, a sectional
question—a Southern question, it will not pro
mote our pecuniary interests, hut it willgive us po
litical weight nud importance ; un i to this view I
tun nut insensible. Ami though 1 Imve a patriotism,
thut embraces, I trust, all parts of tltc Union, uiuii
wuicli causes mo to rejoice to seo all prosperous-
nnd Imppy ; and though 1 believe ) am from the in
licence of unjust prejudices and jealousies toward*
any part or section, yet I must confess that my
feelings of attachment arc most ardent low mill that
witlr which all nry interests and associations arc
identified. And is it not natural and excusable that
they should be l Tire South is my home—my fa
ther land. There sleep the ashes of my sire and
grnndsiros; there aro my hopes and prospects;
with her my fortunes are cusl; her fate is my fate,
and her destiny my destiny. Nor do I wish “to
hoax” gentlemen from other sections upon this point,
us some Imve intimated. I am candid and trunk
in my acknowledgment. This acquisition will give
additional power to the Southwestern section id tho
National councils ; nnd for litis purpose I want it
—not that I arn desirous to see un extension of rha
•‘area of -slavery,” as some gentlemen have said its
effects would be. I tun no defender of slavery in
tiro abstract. Liberty ul ‘ays Imd charms for mo.
and I would rejoice to see ull the sous of Adam's,
family, in every land and clime, in tho enjoyment
of those rights which are set forth in our Declara
tion of Independence as “naturul and inalienable,”
if a stern necessity, bearing the marks and imprestt
of tltc hand of the Creator himself, did not in some-
cases, interpose nnd prevent. Such is the case-
with lho States where slavery now exists. But
have no wish to seo it extended to countries ; unci
if the annexation of Texas were for the sole pur
pose of extending slavery where it does not now
nnd would not otherwise exist, l should oppose it.
This is not its object, nor will it ho its effect.—
Slavery already exists in Texas, and will continue
to exist there. The same necessity that prevails in
tho Southern States prevails there, and will prevail
wherever tho Anglo-Saxon and African races are
blended in the same proportions, it mutters not,
so fur ns this institution is concerned, in the ah.
struct, whether Texas be in the Union or out ofit.
That, therefore, is not my object ; hut it is tho po.
iilica 1 advantages it will secure, with tlie question
settled ns proposed—leaving no door open for fu.
lure agiimion—and thus preserving u proper bal
ance between '.lie different soctions of the country.
This is my object ; un is it not proper and right ?
If we look around, we see tlie East, by her econ
omy, Iter industry and enterprise, by her commerce
navigation, und mechanic arts, growing opulent,
strong, and powerful. Tlie West, which u few
yeurs ago was nothing but an unbroken wilderness,
embracing the broad and fertile valley of the iViis-
sissippi, where the voice of civilization was ne ver
heard, is now teeming with its millions of popula
tion, The tide of emigration, still rolling in that
direction; has nlreudv readied ilte base of tire
Rocky Mountains, and will soon break over those
lofty barriers and lie diffused in the extensive plains
of Oregon. Already llie West vies for the uscen.
deucy on this floor; and why should not the South
also be advancing ? Aro Iter limits never to bo on-
arged, and her influence and power never to be in.
creased? Is she to be left behind in tin's race for
distinction und aggrandizement, if you please ?—
As one of Iter sous, I say no. Lei her, loo, oilier
the glorious rivnlship ; i.ot with feelings of strife,
jealousy, or envy—such sentiments are not charac
teristic of Iter people—hut with aspirations prompt,
ed liv the spirit of a laudable emulation und an
honorable ambition.
linaand Vermont, before alluded to; for befure
North Carolina canto in, as I have said, llto Union
was formed, the Government was organized, and
the Unitod Stales, as then formed under tho Con
stitution,'were well known. North Cnrulimt was
not one of them she was a State to herself, with
her own Government. Witen she consented to
come in, and did come in, she then became one of
the Unitod States ; and though Iter members had
never been citizens of tire then Government, yet
they had been citizens of one of those Stntes which
formed the Government at that time, und were con.
stilulionally admitted. So witli Rhode Island uf.
terwards ; nnd particularly so with Vermont.—
Her people never Imd been citizens of thu United
Slutoi, and had never acknowledged themselves to
be citizens oftlie Uuited States, and had never ac-
knowledged themselves to be citizens of either of
the old thirteen Slates. And yet when she was
admitted, she became ono of the Slates of tile Uni.
on and her people, who had been her citizens for
seven and nine years, had been citizens for those
respective terms of one, of the United Stales, as
they then existed ; and so will it be with Texas and
her citizens, if she be admitted into the common
fraternity of States.
But 1 have oil timo to notice more of the objec
tions. I have only glanced at the most prominent
of them ; and I shall now briefly state tome of the
system, which lie called the “busis of unmixed nnd
exteusivo republics,” that the “ natural limit" to
which it muy gu is “that distance from the centre
which will burely allow the representatives of the
peoplo to meet us often as may be necessary for
the administration of public affairs.” And upon
this rule, in consideration of the improvement of
the age, the facilities of travel und tho transmission
of intelligence, who can 6ay thut this entire conti
nent is too wide uud extensive ? Tlie distance
front this place to Oregon and California, in a lew
years, will be travelled in as short a time ns it was
to Georgia when Mr. Mudison wrote. Then it re.
quired from twonly to thirty iluys for a Representa
tive from that Stato, our extreme Soul Invest at that
time, to come to tho seat of Government; and
now tlie same distance is porforinod in threo days.
And Representatives from Louisiana, five or six
hundred miles the other side, now require less than
half of the timo then required by those from Geor
gia, to come from their remote districts. * And who
cun tell what improvement for lire speed of travel
are yet in store ? New elements in nature are be
ing daily brought into subserviency to man. W hen
Madison penned the remarks I have quoted, in 17-
87, tho power of steam was unknown, and oilier
wgenoie* now used were not dreamed of. Then it
would havo required a whole day to have got news
from this place—not this city, for there was none
Potato Sugar—Tlie growers of pota
toes in the British kingdom are likely to be
benefittod by the exertions oftlie home sugar
manufacturers; who are now determined to
purchase all that conics within their reach.
At the manufactory of potato sugar at Strat
ford, iu Essex, nnd other places, we under
stand that the “fruit of the earth,” (potato,)
will lie taken in any quantity, and ut n fair
price. We have no doubt that the juice of
tho cano is superior to the meal oftlie pota
to hut we have positive proof theut the pota
to can make up in quantity what is deficient
in quality, nnd asnoone can question tlie nu
triment in the potato, we do not see why po
tato sugar should not he as advantageous to
the dinner table ; Ire this ns it may, we have
it on good authority that three tons of tlie
raw material will produce one ton of the
manufactured nrticle, and consequently the
British manufacturer can successfully com
pete with the foreign and colonial producer,
and pay the same duty ns that which is levi
ed on the sugar imported from the colonies.
London Price Current.
Corn-Stalk Sugar.—In our May num
ber oftlie volume for 1844, we gave a com
munication on this subject from Mr. John
Beal, of New Harmony, Indiana. It njt-
peurs that Mr. B. has been still more suc
cessful tho present yeur than lie was last.—
We nrc informed that he has made three
hundred nnd ninety-five pounds of good su
gar this seuson, from tho corn-stalks which
grew on three-quarters of an acre, which is
at the rute of five hundred pounds per acre.
His plan is said to he as follows : When the
curs begin to form they are pulled off.—
When the leaves are dead about halfway
up, the stnlk is stripped of leaves, cut up nt
the root, the top cut off, nnd then ground in
u sugnr mill. Twenty stulks will yield about
one pound and a half, and of this thre e-
fourths is grained sugar. Mr. B. made
eighty pounds in a day, with u simple appa
ratus of his own construction. Five hundred
pounds, at four cents per pound, is twenty
dollars per acre. It would have produced,
say fifty bushels of corn, at twenty-five cents,
or twclvo dollars anil a half.—Albany Cull.
A Warning to Farmers,—Yesterday
morning several loads of large, well fatted
und well dressed hogs were brought into the
inurkct, but they were all more or less taint
ed . They were loaded upon the sleds be
fore the animal heat had entirely left the
body, and though hut a few hours Imd elaps
ed they Imd become tainted. It often Imp-
pens that hogs are brought into market fro
zen upon the surface, while taint is working
at the back bone, on account ot not being
able to get clear of the Quintal heat. Haste
in getting hogs to mapket, in such rases, is
productive uf^reaTWaste.—Bangor Courier.
(coakuroroBici ohm cmatarro* counts*.]
Wash! noton Feb. 18;
The roar of artillery from Capital Hill, this even
ing,announced die arrival in die cars from Baltimore
of the President elect. He was accompanied by
the Vice President elect who had joined him at Bal
timore, nnd also by his lady and private Secretary,
and by Col. WilfiantO. Butler,of Kentucky. lie
was met by n deputation of twenty-five gentlemen,
mostly members of Congress, and every one in fa-
vorof annexation. Vermont was not represented,
tor the reason that’ no Texas man from that State
could be found.
Mr. Polk was addressed by a member of llie
Democratic Club of the city, nnd welcomed. Ilis
replj wits brief and neat, nnd expressive of his
plensuro ul tho renewal of old associations nnd ac-
quuintnnces here. After this, Mr. Polk, leaning
on tho arm of Mr. A. V. Brown, of Tennessee,
nnd also supported by Mr. Henri of tlie Spectator,
walked to the National Hulel, where, soon ufter, lie
received tho visits of citizens uud members of
Congress w ho chose to nvuil themselves of tho op.
porlunity ot paying their respects.
1 saw Mr. Polk lor n moment. He nppeured to
lie somewhat jaded, but in goud health. He lias
looks much older limn when lie was Speaker of the
House, anil his hair has become quite gray.
The Senate chamber was crowded to-day. much
interest being manifested in the Texas debate. Mr.
Morchcud, of Kentucky, opened the discussion,
i bring deputed to discharge thisduty, in consequence
'of Mr. Archer’* ill health.
Mr. Morchead discharged the duty inn credita
ble manner, uud met w ith respectful attention from
the Senate and the auditors.
Tho mot ion under discussion is to postpone in-
• ieffiitileiy tlie joint resolutions from thu House for
t .he annexation of Texas.
Mr. M. first gave his reasons for opposing the bil
i )n the ground of expediency, lie objected to fur
t.her extension of territory, und to llie breach of nn
tiona! faith which tho measure implied, so long ns
i t was without tho usseut of -Mexico, lie object
■ :d also to the measure for the reason that it was
proposed and advocated ns tho means of promoting
thu interests of one particular section of tho coun
try. He ulso opposed it, because i' was urged for
the purpose of extending uud strengthening the in
stitution of slavery. As n slaveholder nnd n rep
resentative from n slaveholding State, lie protested
cd against legislation on this subject, for if by u
bare majority of Congress, slavery could be ex
tend by law, it could also bo circumscribed by law.
and if the factional purtv should obtain n majority
they would avail themselves of this precedent to
justify their interference with tho subject. Hi
admitted tlio constitutional power to annex foreigt
territory by treaty, but argued ut length to show
that it could not be done by legislative act.
Mr. Huclmnaii has tltc floor for a reply.
The bill for llie admission of Iowa and Florida
as States were passed in the House, but llie pro
vision for erecting East Florida into a separate
State after she shall have u population of thirty ft
thousand, was stricken out from the bill.
Washington, Feb. 14.
Tlie city is fust filling np with strangers, and in
number clay or two, it will bo difficult to obtain ac
commodations here.
There ure strong hints in tho Nashville Un
ion, that no aspirant to the Presidency, and no
great man of tho democratic party will be admit,
ted into Mr. Polk’s counsels. It being admitted
that Mr. Calhoun will retire, it has been supposed
that either Mr. Buchanan or Mr. Woodbury, would
bo called to the Slate Department. But to day it
is trongly rumored that Mr. Walker, of Mississippi
is to fill that post.
The prospects of annexation are becoming more
clouded. 'I’lie Democratic Senators have had two
meetings on tho subject, nnd Imve appointed a corn,
miitee to report on the subject. The aim of tlie
consultation was to unite the party upon Mr, Ben
ton’s bill, but I learn that if it obtain a majority in
tlio caucus, it will be strenuously opposed in the
Sonate liy tlio Suo'.li Carolina Senators.
Mr. Buolmnan made an admirable speech to-day
jin support of the joint resolutions from the Huuwo
for tho annexation of Texas. Ho had a crowded
i uudilory, consisting of members of thu House, of
tltc Cabinet, and of foreign Ministers, ns well as of
the ladies, with whom Mr. Buchanan seems to ben
favorite—for himself if not for his cause.
Mr. B. dissipated all doubts as to tho constitution.
J alitv oftlie measure proposed by the House, show,
irtg that foreign Territory could be acquired by law
as well as by treuty, und that the power of ucqui.
sition bv treaty w as implied from the express pow
er given for llie admission of new States. As to
tlie expediency oftlie measure, he showed that it
would promote the harmony and perpetuity of
the Union; that it would uphold and promote the
interests of commerce, navigation nnd manufac
tures ; that it would rescue us from the danger of
aggression on our southern border ; tlmt it would
gradually draw the sluves from llie Nortli to tho
South, and lead to tile final extinction of slavery in
God’s own lime ; that it would be it perpetual bond
of peace with Great Britain, because it made Iter
dependent on us for tho supply of tho great staple
on which so much of her power and glory was
founded; &c.
Mr. B. remarked, that but for the question of
slavery, the country would bo unanimously in fa
vor of this measure ; and lie pointed out tlie fully
of now opening a question which, twenty-five years
ago, agitated the country to its centre.
Mr. llivcs is to givo his views to morrow. I
learn tlmt eighteen Senators, pitted against each
other, are to speak on the subject. According to
this, the decision oftlie question may not bo expect
ed till llie close of the session ; und there will be
no time left for the discussion oftlie Oregon ques
tion.
The House was m-dav engaged in the consider-
tion of the bills making appropiiations fur (lie Mil
itary Academy und for Naval Service, both of which
met with opposition from the radicals, but which
finally passed.
Sweet Potatoes, may lie planted in rid
ges by throwing three furrows together, then
draw the dirt upon both sides with a hoc or
rake; open a trench on the top, nnd drop
the slips five or six inches apart. Keep
them in a warm cellar, in u garner, with
chaff or dry dirt around them. Plunt in
May, and he sure to dig after the first frost
has bitten the leaves.
American Bagging.—The production of
Bagging in the United Stntes, ns we learn
from tlie forth-coming report oftlie Commis
sioner of Pensions, is increasing fast. In
Kcntucliy last year there were 500 linnd-
looms in operation, nnd each of these manu
facture 400 yards, on an average, per week,
or 20,000 yards per month, or 10,000,000 a
year. Besides there nre five power loom
factories, in Indiana, Kcntuckey, and Ohio,
which produce 3,800,000. Iu Tennessee
80 Imnd-looins produce 1,200,000 yards.—
Fifty Imnd-looins iu Missouri produce 750,-
000 yards. The total amount of Bugging
estimated for the yeur, and manufactured in
1844 in the West, is 15,750,000.
The average quantity of bagging used in
baling Cotton is six yards to tho bale ; and
the amount manufactured iu the year would
bule 2,635,000 bales of cotton.—More than
enough for the cotton cropof’41 and ’45 by
a large quantity.—N. Y. Express.
“I feel too lazy to work,’ said a loafer,
ondlhave no time to play : I think I’ll go
to bed nnd split the difference.”
Dun of Mbs’Canda.—One of th# saddest
and most affecting incident# that we have ever been
called upon to "ecord—infinitely more touching
than the most highly wrought catastrophe of ro.
mnnee is the death of lb e beautiful, tlio
charming, thu fascinating Mia# Canda. alia was
the cynosure of nil eyes and hearts in our refined
nnd fashionable circles—the darling and worship
„f father, mother, and llie more intimate among re-
lutives ond frionds, who knew her best and there-
fore loved her most. Our readers are prohubly
already familiar with the circumstances of this
most afflicting domestic tragedy. Miss Canda wus
returning homo witli Iter lather, nnd a young lady
friend, from hor seventeenth birth day festival,
which had been celebrated with tlio usual innocent
rites, nt tho house of a neighbor. Stopping to
leave their young ft lend nl Iter residence iu Waver,
ly place, Mr. Cauda handed up llto sloiis, und ush.
ered her into llie vostibulc, while tlio driver left his
reins,and walked backwards and forwards by tho
side of the carriage, to warm himself, leaving Miss
Canda fur a moment ulone. Suildonly the horses
look fright nt something, arid dushed furiously
awuv, eluding thu efforts of the driver to regain
possession of the reins. Tho lather returned to
tlie street, ond found the carriugo gone. Hurry
ing home in alarm, he ascertained that his daugh
ter hud not nrrived ; nud while the family wore
hastening oft’ in scurchof their lost child, n hasty
summons arrived for them to repair to the New
York Hotel, where they found her lying insensible
upon a sofa, and her beautiful temples clotted with
blood. Site never ngnie opened her eyes or spoke;
and in abuul half uu hour Iter gentle spirit went to
heaven. It is supposed tIt it site had leaped from
tlio carriage, and fallen with hur head upon tlie
pavement. She was found near the side walk, nt
tho corner of Broadway and VVuverly I’iuce, by
two gentlemen, who immediately carried Iter to tlio
Hotel, where she was recognized. Such is the sad
history of litis most melancholy affair. The gloom
created by the event was deep and universal, and
tho geiternl grief of llto large circle of society in
which the deceased moved, an ornament and a bles
sing, wus attested by llto vast concourse of sytnpa.
tinsel's who assembled at the church of Vincent de
St. Paul, to witness the last sorrowful rites.
Borne from tho joyous (estivul, with Iter heart
full of bright memories of the past and pleasant
dreams of the future, what it picture of youthful
loveliness and innocence did not this fair creature
present ! Where, on earth, could be found u fair
er or happier being 1 But what n contrast wrought
in a few brief niomen's, by the relentless hand uf
fate ! that white and sunny brow stained with blood
—these red lips pule with death—that snowy bus.
som petrified to marble beneath the breath of tho
destroy'd—those golden dreams fled with tlio pure
spirit tu God, and tlie hearth nnd home so lately
ringing with her merry laugh, desoiato for ever,
more ! What imnginuiiou can fail to complete the
picture ?
N. i r . Wall Street Reporter.
The utili'y of the Coston Light, invented by
Benjamin Franklin Coston, of llie U. 8. navy, has
been lolly listed in its application to light house
purposes. It has been in use for more than a year
at tite Christiana light.house, near Wilmington,
Delaware, nnd has proved to be not only tho safest,
but tlie most brilliant, uniform, nnd cheap liy lit that
enn be used. Its general adoption will, it is stated,
save to the Government at least $150,000 per an
num. The Hon Mr. Nnuduin, the collector of llie
port of Wilmington, nnd formerly a Senator of the
United Stutes, pronounces it, iu iiis report, n great
triumph of American ingenuity nnd skill.
Balt. Amer.
Coal Dost for Straw berries.—Dr. C. Dean,
of South Plyinpton, writes to llie editor of tlio
Ploughman, that Inst November he sot out twenty-
four of Hovey’s seedlingslrawberries ; that sever
al of them produced fruit last summer ; and that
lie put coal dust about some of thorn, und that theso
were the ones that bore fruit; tlie others boro
none.
Soil and Situation.—Tho best soil for the straw-
berry is a deep riclt loam, though it will succeed
nud hear on nny soil which is fertile. Tho situa
tion should bo open nnd well exposed to light and
uir. It succeeds very well when planted in single
rows und edgings. The alpine und wood straw-
berries may bo placed in a more slmdy situation
than the Olliers; it is during hot and dry seasons
of tlie year thut they tire intended chiefly for bear
ing. They nre consequently well adapted to cdg.
ings for shrubbery. When llto soil is rich, the ud.
vantages of employing strawberries fur edging is
great, as they succeed in such soils much better
when in single rows than when crowded together
in a bed.—Al. Cal.
Making Jelley.—Those who would make fine
jelley, should always avoid boiling tlie juice of that
fruit, when it is desirable to Imve the nrticle, when
made retain the flavour of tlio fruit from which it
was prepared. After the juice is pressed from llie
fruit, nnd the proper quantity of sugar added to it,
lot it ho heated untd the stigar.is dissolved ; after
litis is effected, no further Item is required.
Prolific Cows.— Mr. Jothum B. Pratt of this
town, owns three cows which nroilte offspring of
ono birth. They ure five years old, and imve liud
fourteen calves. They ure of the samo color and
height.— Worcester Spy.
SrLtNTs. — When llie splint is forming, the horse is
frequently laine. The periosteum or membrane cover
ing tho bone is painfully stretched, but when this mem
brane lias accommodated itself to tho tumor that ex
tended it, the lameness subsides and altogether disap
pears, unless the splint he in a situation iu which it in.
terferes with the action of some tendon or ligament, or
in tlie immediate neighborhood of n joint, Pressing
upon a ligament or tendon, it may cause inflammation
of those substances; or, being close to a joint, it may
interfere with its action. Splints, then,do not necessa-
rily cause unsoundness, and may not lessen in tho
slightest degree tlio action or value of the horse. All
depends on their situation.
The treatment of splints, if it ho worth while to med
dle with them, is exceedingly simple. The hair should
ibe cl soiy elmved elf round the tumor ; a little stromr
mercurial ointment rubbed In for two days, and this
should bo followed by an active blister. If the splint
beef recent formation, it will usually yield to tins, or
to a second blister. Should it resist these applications
it can rarely bo advisable to cauterize tho part, unless
the tumor interferes materially with the suspensory
ligament; for it not unfrequenlly happens that, sltho’
the splint may havo apparently resisted tins treatment,
it will afterwards, and at no great distance of time, be.
gin rapidly to lessen, and quite disappear.— Youatl’s
Treatise on the Horse.
CMillie,■ sf BtessiagtuD.
Marguerite. Power, by marriage Marguerite C,„>„
Countess of Blessingfon, was horn in Ireland ,,r«5
tie parentage, sometime rewards there™ lattes .Jt,
the last century. After Mr. Macaulay's laahi,,,. I . Ilf
John Wilson Broker for proving troma pari ,|, e n>,r .
that Madame D’Arblay Imd told a fib in print abiXtS
age, wo aro not disposed to question the . ' 7 * r
years winch Lady Blessington, in pleasant whiJL • f
with her friends, admits to have seen. ai, |
ever, we may safety say, already found a place in St*'
a fashionable lady called, in sheer 'gnoranc.e „ta 1,1
joct, Hint odious hook, Mrs. Dallam's Middle
she need care little about years rarivim, wo, ,
pleasant recollections, when she ennmither con.'i •
by turning from her glass to the glowing cans.,.'"? 1
Lawrence, and sec reliecte'd in ciidurino co on I “ *
'ho reach of everything but accident alone, thou* s" 1 *
of dewy light” which awake the slumbcrimr .noiiT*
poet like Lord Byron. If ••what Lawrence"S ", f '
well” is not enough to subdue tho cruel force of ,
she can turn to her portrait in tlie present |{„ va | A i”'
my exhibition, and sec how youthful she looks ;, r '
D’Orsay’s eyes and Count D’Orsay's cauvassMl'u?'
portrait in the ‘Pictorial Times’ may awake -I 1 lcr
ct to triumph in the field ot passionate panegyric* 1 *
The first English lady who wrote English noici,^
Aphra Forbes, who flourished in ihu reign of If
Charles II. Pope commemorates her in a ceiiA
couplet, and Snullierne took his story ofOromotr
her novel. A long period elapsed before another P
lisli woman undertook the composition of s j nin i n *'
ry in English prose. Sarah Fielding, IJeury p.pj 7
sister, was the next in point of time, and tier St!*'"® ?
David Simple stiff deserves to live, though a l* i
Simple Ins nutdono Ins elder brother |y av ,j
came the youthful Fanny Burney with her interest'
••Evelina,” making a st ir and ferment, which Faun, r
gas she did, so long alter its fii st reputationh,/™.'
by was led in her old age to believe that this aC o,
all sho remembered in her girlhood was no'himr r
dream. Miss Burney was followed by Mrs'. ItadchflK
and hv Mrs. Inchbald. I lian came Jane l’-irier and lt
ria Edgeworth, when the genius of Sir Waiter
made this way of writing at once popular and caldiHo
The desire was mistaken for tiio skill, anil the h-verf
writing a novel in throe volumes spread like i|,i> „|J!!
Ihrougliall degrees and gradationeof society, ’j' 0 | v
written and appeared in print was tlio best proof of!
polite andcarefut education. 1 ” J
Lady Blessington has distinguished herself i„ a
world of letters by prose sketches and i.iisrollancon.
poems, by stories in three volumes, and bv b M '!
itorial undertakings. Many tilings have contribute!
to raise her to her present position of p„|,. u |
beyond the general merits of her works. The elm™
ot title, her indisputable taste in the fine arN
above all, her beauty, have been all aimer t(l
assisting excellences to support her literary trout"/
tioil. Very mediocre talent has often •: ;ust j(
into notice with only one half the acluiiion.il rccom
indidations which Lady Blessington can bring tobci
support. Without ever having written a line La',),
Blessington would, in al! probability, have been as
widely known as she is now well' known ; thouah
beauty and rank are two such powerful auxihara-i
111 aid of •■>")’ netv literary undertaking, <l,at i| le poor
est production of the Minerva press would wnhiheii
aid be ballooned into notice. It is the grave tin;
brings every reputation down to its proper level.
We have no wish to underrate the many cxcellenciei
which English admiration finds so readily in the works
of Lady Blessington. Sketches of society, of English
life and English manners, are so uttiveisally weicom*
to the bulk of ordinary readers, that when they roine re.
commended to us by unusual excellences ami ihe con.
currmg qualities of rank and fashion, they command a
sale and acquire a reputation far berond tlie cemtuon
run of similar publications. When a' lady condescends
to write, whose equipage arrests the attention of the
thousands that throng daily the fashionable locaiitiesof
London, she is all ilte time, as her carriage rolls on
from street to street, creating a new class uf readers.
Struck with the appearance of her equipage, they are
anxious to ascertain how its owner looks, thicks, ten
and writes; the circulating libraries gain now subicri.
hers, and Ltdy Blessington extends in this way tlie rep.
utu t iuu of her genius.
In 1823, tiie literary talents of Lady Blessington
found her further favor in the eyes of Lord Byron; bttl
the whole of her literary reputation with the oublic liar
been acquired since that time, and her printed wnrki
already extend over twenty volumes. We confess our.
selves very ill-fitted to criticise at length tho painted
productions of Lady Blessington, “ The Victims of So
piety” and ‘‘The Repealers” have found particu ar favot
in the eyes of those whose range of rending isstil 1
confined to the shelves of a circulating library. Del
••Strathern” shares public favor in the “SundayTimes’
with tho police-reports of that clever paper: while liei
"Idler iu Italy” and her ‘‘Conversations with Lord By
roll” have made their way to tho sympathies uf tbt
more general reader.
There is n stanza in pope with which it is our wish It
conclude this character—
In beauty and wit,
Yellow Locust.—If you have hut little fencing
timber fit for posts on your farm, sow a few pounds of
yellow locust seed, and when the plants are two years
old, they may lie transplanted. In twelve years from
the time the seed is sown, yuu may begin to cut them
for posts. Say you, twelve years is a 'long while to
wait; hut you should recollect that every farmer lias
some spot where they might he grown, which is now
unproductive ; and that as fencing is n dear nrticle,
every farmer should endeavor to grow his own timber.
American Farmer.
No
itnl i
To questionymirempire hnsdared;
Rut men ul discerning.
“John, I wish it was ns much the fashion to trade
wives as it is to trade horses.”
“ Why so, Pete |M
“ I’d cheat somebody most shockin’ bad, afore night.”
A fashionable lady bc'ng asked Itotv she
liked the dinner given at a distinguished
poet’s, her reply was—“The dinner was ex
pended, hut my scat was so promote from the
nick-nacks, that I could not ratify my appe
tite, and tho pickled cherries are such a de
fect on my head that I had a motion to leave
the table ; but Mr. gave me some
hartshorn resolved in water which bereaved
me.”
Mixing Soils.—Some nine or ten years ago in tbt
early part i f my farming, 1 had occasion to deepen I
well some six or right feet. The earth thrown outwit
a tenacious blue clay, just damp enough to cut into
lumps, and adhesive enough to remain so. After fin
ishing the well, the mail who had charge of the farm
was at a less to know where to deposit it. HavingS
hare sandy knoll iu one of the fields, which was not in
aptly termed‘personal property,’ from its being wafted
about hv every breeze, here today and there tomorrow,
it occurred to me that the claywould hold thesamlanfi
form a suil. I accordingly ordered it deposited Ihert
in heaps, the samo as if manure. This was in thesuu*
mer. In tho fall the lumps wore scattered over the
surface, and left to tho action of tho rain and frost. In
the spring, it was found to have broken down, crum
bled, and slaked like lime. These heaps were reduced
and the clay evenly spread over the surface. The field
received a coal of manure, was ploughed and sownwitk
oats and peas. 'That, where tlio clay was applied pro.
duced the largest and most vigorous growtli cl any oil
er part ui the field. In the fall it was sown with tjl
and seeded down with timothy and clover. The rys
as well as the clover was much more vigorous
and heavier on that than any other part of the field. In
fact, the person who occupied the farm after I left it,
informed me that he lost his crop of grass un that part in,
consequenco of its lodging. Thus the jtrrsmal tvu
made real or fast property, and remains so to the pr«-
cut day.
Having experienced such beneficial effects Inmrak
ing clay with sand, 1 was afterwards induced to Iff
what effect sand would have on a rather retentive soil-
The garden at Three Hills Farm is a stiff clay loau
resting on a strong tenacious clay subsoil, rather in-
c lined to moisture. The second year after I purcliMfd
and took possession of it, I caused a coat of sand, ites
six tu eight inches in depth to be put on one of tbs
squares, which was spaded in with the manure, and 1-
liad tlio satisfaction to witness the most gratifying
happy results—tlio crop on that square was far superi
or to any oilier in the garden. Since then I have fix
ed over live hundred one-horse cart loads of sand toh*
put nt the garden, and the effect is still visible altiioagk--
the sand lias disappeared Extract from Mr, C'.e>-
Bcmcnt's Address before lie llausutanic Society.
Chinese Worship.—Kneeling down in front olfi*
altar, the suppliant to tho particu.ar god in whose bos*
it lias boon erected, and whose figure was represent!*
immediately behind it, commenced by repeatedly b*M
ing Iiis head, each time touching the ground, siglimfr.
and reciting in a low tone of voice, certain words. dA
I attendant priest then placed in Iiis hands I wo piece*
bamboo, the two being about the shape and size of •F’
-..no, divided longitudinally; again bowing, he tbrt*
these upon the stone pavement before him, the po**'
and the bystanders, as well as himself, intently obier*--
ing Iiihv they should fall; this he repeated many t'®*:
At each cast there was a slight exclamation from ereff
line around him—sometimes in a tone of plesut*
sometimes in that of disappointment, according I* ®'
way iu which the pieces of wood rested. This
species of hazard, himself versus tlio god—a fins, >•*
corpulent gentleman—ho continued, with varied*#*-
cess, for a considerable timo; at length, making
1 lucky hit, ho suddenly jumped up, apparently
1 pleased with his throw, and retiring, gave
• next expectant for equal good fortune.—Captain t***
ing home’s Recollections.
Death of Cattle fbom Dry Foddeh.—
Grant, Esq. of Davenport, Iowa, informs us ts*
turning Ins cattle into the fields, after the corn i* r
! llicrrd last fall, several of them died from eooatipxjjp
lThe death of the animals waa so sudden, th* 1 vjj
I nltich gave a good ntees of milk at night, « ere „ ^
.the next morning: and oxen which worked ,t '*
ever in the morning, died in the afternoon-
having loat several of the heard, among w ‘ ,l 5* l g
valuable Durham bull, Mr. G. aaved. the remain*
administering heavy doses of Epsom silt#.—A*»-