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net agtinsttksm, *n<l I
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F. Cemtr $• Enquire*.
^tlAVVnt BotUL*.—Tfi* "Philadelphia Newt,
toapat” tooisins a thrilling arlktl* from the pen of
B«MtrX.1‘t)Q,Biq. l on "Prertikture Burials.” To
he blifted trhile elive, he nrtlttfcs, U beyond qua*-
tfon/tH* mo.ttorrifio of the extrome* which he*
geer lUten to the lot of mere humanity. That It
hab frwjuemly occurred cVmiot be denlod. The
bouhdanee which divide t»ita from Death, are at
be* ehaflowy end 'vague. Who shall say where
the ofte anni, and Where tho other begins 1 Wq
know thH there bra diseases in which total ^ osaa .
tloee tofhll the afferent functions of vi'^Vny occur ,
S tlnWhtch these cessations are "merely sus.
** o |[l y temporary (>^ U j 0i j„ tho incompre-
e mechanism. A our tain period elapses,
hlijl aome unseen > mystoriou. principle again sets
in motion nsagic pinions and wizzard wheel.—
The •tWercord was not forever loosed, nor the
golden bowl irreparably broken. But where,
meantime was the soul 1
Mr. Poe records several remarkable cases of
life burials from which we select the following,
which people of weak norves may omit to read :
One of very remarkable character, and of which
the circumstances may be fresh in the memory of
my readers, occurred, not very long ago, in the city
of Baltimore, whero it occasioned a painful, intense,
Sind widely extended excitement. The wife oloite
of our most respectable citizens—a lawyer of em
inence and n member of Congress—was seized
with a sudden and unnccountnble illness which
completely baffled the skill of her physicians. Af
ter much suffering, she died, or wus supposod to
die. No one suspected, nor had any reason to
suspect, she was not actually doad. Tito fane as
sumed the usual pinched and sunken outline ; tho
lips were of the usual marble pallor ; the eyes
were lustreless ; there was no warmth; pulsation
had ceased. For three days tho body was kept
unburied, during which it hud acquired a strung
■ ridigily. Tho funeral, iu short, was hastoned on
account of the rapid advance of what was supposed
to be decomposition.
The body was deposited in the family vault,
which for three subsequent years was undisturbed.
At the expiration of this term, it wus opened for
the reception of a sarchopliagus ; but oil ! how
fearful a shock awaited the husband, who personal
ly threw open the door. As its portals swung out
wards, some while apparelled object fell rattling
within his arms. It was tho skeleton of his wife,
in her yet unsmuuldered shroud.
A careful investigation rendered it evident that
•be had revived within a few days alter her en.
tombmeut—that her struggles within the coffin had
caused it to full from a lodge or shelf 10 the floor,
by which it was so broken as to permit her escape.
A lamp which hud been accidentally left, full of oil
within the tomb, was found ompty, it might have
been exhausted by evaporation. On the uppermost
part of the steps which led down into the dread
chamber, was a large fragment of the cuflin, with
which, it seemed, she had endeavored to attract at
tendon, by striking on tho iron door. While thus
occupied, she probably swooned, or possibly died,
through sheer terror ; and in falling, her shroud be
came entangled iu some iron work which project
ed interiorly. Thus she remained, and tints sli
decayed, in an erect posture ”
Dancing and Health.—Is it not possible to of
feet a reform in the habits of our young people will-
regard to the hours of their social recreations
Dancing which ought to be not merely innocei
but healthful and laudable, is condemned by u gret
portion of the wise and the pious, shunned as cut
rupting by very many of the young and the lovely
It was once a devotional exercise expressly ap
proved by the ministers of the Most High. Why i
it now so generally condemned by the devout ? N>
because they are Pharisees or bigots, as the read
answer runs, but because it is usually practiced ui.
der circumstances most unfavorable to health an ;
good morals. It is denounced because it is seen t
lead and ally itself with depravity and physicul it i
jury.'
The evil in question arises from an absurd hab
of aping the customs of the small clnss wlioeiiln
do or affect to make their day of the night, sleep
ing through tho forenoon. These are low an
where, very lew umong us. With them, it is pn
per—that is, it is consistent—to dress for a Liu
when those who work for a living ure untlressin
for bed ; but for people accustomed to retire befot
midnight to assemble for a Bull at 10 P. M. hi Ij
take a hearty supper at midnight, is sheer madnes
They are clearly breaking down their conslitutioi t
and periling their lives. The consumptions, rltei.I
matisms and wustiug coughs which originate rj
- these midnight assemblages are most appalling. I<
is suicide to brave them.
Why cannot young people assemble at 0 instou
of 9 to 10 o’clock, sup, (if at all) ns early as 0, ai
break up peremptorily at mideight ? Twenty bat
under such tules would not work lire evil that oi
midnight supper now does: If there is not sens
enough among the young to effect this refer-
promptly, the old should take it in hand. I’uren
should inexorably forbid tho attendance uf the
daughters at any entertainment which is not to toi
minate by midnight. Will they not think of this ? I
Marbied in Fun.—The loliowing incident a
said to have tukeu place recently in the iioiglibo-l
hood of Rochester, N. Y.
A sleigh.riding party went out to Rush, in "tli
Great Western,” on Tuesday Inst, and after dam
ing and frolicing to their heart’s content, they s.
their faces homeward at two o’clock in the morninp
• At four o’clock tlie storm being at its highest, die pa
ly had to stop for day light, at asmallluvern near tl
ciy, where, huddled together in a room loo small f<
a dance, the leaders set their heads to devising i
new method of killing time. A wealthy old bucl
elor and a pretty girl of eighteen were hauled up 11
be married and a young uttorncy in the compan •
was selected to pluy the parson, or the magistrate
The young knot-tyer, thus utiocr. moniousl 1
K reseed into service, and duly sensible of the pail
e was playing delivered himself of a must elo
quenl address to the parties, in relerence to the so
lemn step they were about to take ; but tho im
prompiu eloquence of the ofliciator otdy brougli
down peals of laughter at his mock-seriuusness
and made the party more urgent to have him pro
ceed; and the bachelor being loo much of n gen
tleman to back out, and the girl pleased witli the
M9rU»S0WUM^‘jA'iUdV«Ef l 8Ki/tf' WMSW 6\f 'WYiiVMI,
which, according to the laws of New York, con.
•litutedthe parties husband and wife, till death
them shall part. The attorney having declared the
parties man and wife, and given each of the parties
a.cerlificale and tiled a copy with the town clerk,
informed the company that he had dono all tho law
required—and tho driver declaring that all was
ready, the party left the tavern in high glee, and
made their way into town. The next day, the legal
-adviser of the bridegroom informed him that ho
was legally married, and tliut the laws made no pro'
visions for joking. So much for being married
in fun.
The following appears in a German Journal:—
‘‘During the cclebrulion of the anniversary at Kean.
ingsburg, a young lawyer, when under tho influ.
enco of wine, spoke disrespectfully of the King of
Prussia,for which oneof his Majesty’s officers called
him out. At three exchanges of shots the lawyer
fired in the air, every time rotracting his expres
sions ; but his adversary, unmoved by the noble
conduct of his opponent, fired a fourth time, and
mortally wounded him. When down, the lawyer
dragged himself to the foot of the officer, and said,
'Sir, I congratulate you; you have won your cap-
fancy.” This dying stroke of wit, brought severo
vengeance on the assassin; for the King, on be.
ing made acquainted with the v/hole of the circum
stances, so far from promoting this officer, he broke
him, and dismissed him with disgrace from the ser
vice."
mum
TOBACCO IB KBNTVCKY—CORN.
7b Mt Editor* <f Ms LouiniUe Jtumal i
PnoercoT Hill,Jan. 20,1645.
I some timo since placed In the hands of Mr.
Metcalf, of Mnyivillo, a small package of tobacco
seed for you, which has probtbly been received ere
this. You will reoollect that I had promised tu
procure for yqu, at tho proper season, some seed of
our mo.ii approved kind of tobacco. When I pla.
°1u this seed in tho hands of Mr. Metcalf, (who
was about going to Louisville.) I had not seen the
friend who had left it for mo, in Washington, and
could not then give a description of it. I have
since scon him, and he informs me that it is what is
called ‘‘tho slnnd up Burley,” (by some called tin,
round leaf Burley.) in contradistinction tu a larger
species of Burley, whose leaves, instead of stand
ing erect, run out nearly horizontally. Tho ape.
cies of tobacco is more highly upprovod than the
Summerville,” for cigar wrappers. Il is not so
lender, and comes more uniformly of the dcsirublo
color. It shall bo planted early, so us to admit oi
cutting, during warm weather, when it will cure of
a better color. Il must be planted pretty close-
three nnd u Itnlf feet by eighteen to twenty-four in
clt s, according to tho strength of the ground, nnd
ploughed only one way. The design of close
planting is to make the tobacco grow fine, and to
give an increased number of plants. Il should be
topped to fifteen or eighteen leaves, exclusive of tho
ground leaves, which are unfit for use. Plant bods
should bo prepared ns eurly ns the weather will ad
mit, but muy bo sown any time iu February, though
early sowing is desirable, in order to early plattl-
irg.
In your remarks upon my experiment on plant
ing corn, you recommend an experiment upon the
drill method. I think it probablu tliut a small in
crease of product, in that way. might bo procured
but it is sitlijecl to disadvantages, in cultivating a
largo crop, w hieli in my opinion, will more titan
counterbalance tho increased product. To plant
three foot ouch way, and two stalks in a hill, will
admit of ploughing both ways, and give (too stalks
for ouch nine sq uire feet. If the ground bo laid
offthree feet ono way, nnd planted the other, so ns
to leave one stalk for each eighteen inches, the ntitn.
her of stalks for each nine square feet will bo the
same. The advantage of this mode of pluming
will bo that each stalk will stand singly, nnd will
thus afford a probability of earing to better ndvatt.
tage. The disadvantages will be, that there will
be double labor ill dropping, thinning out, and hoeing,
because there will be just doulilo the number of
bills. And secondly, there will be a step of eigh
teen inches between each bill, which must bo kept
clean by hoes, until the corn is large enough to lap
the dirt up against it, so as to cover small weeds
and grass. And thirdly, by ploughing constantly
in the same direction, the soil is thrown into ridges,
leaving tbo centre between the rows in deep fur
rows, thus rendering it more troublesome to plough
and more difficult to lap the dirt against tho corn,
so us to prevent the growth of weeds and conse
quently rendering it nocessary to go over tho corn
a second lime with the hoes, or else suffer the corn
to become foul in the rows.
But when planted in squares, the ploughs can run
botli ways and thus keep the ground more level;
und render it easy to keep the hills clenn, after sin
gle hoeing, us ilia corn by that lime will admit of
lapping up tho dirt against the corn each way.—
Tlteso views are not merely theoretic. 1 have tried
by acluul experiment, the drill method of raising
corn, und 1 am so fully persuaded that no good cun
result from it, that I cannot recommend it, us u
erul practice, though ns n mere experiment
it may servo to show tho utmost quantity of
corn which muy be produced from a given quanti
ty of ground.
But, although a greater yield per acre may thus
be produced, it by no means follows that this meth
od of culture is the best. In judging whether the
method ought to be adopted, we must consider
whether tlie increased quantity per acre will justify
the increased labor, and the greater exhaustion of
the soil, (which is always in proportion to the crop
produced,) and the worse condition in which it is
left by throwing it in high ridges with deep furrows
which serve us druins to wash off the soil. This
last objection, of course, applies only to the rolling
lauds, as ours generally are.
Yours, truly,
A. BEATTY
[FROM TIIE FLORIDIAN.]
Mode of cultivating Tobacco in the Island of Cuba.
Your nurseries are the first to be attended to, in
your preparation for a crop, by selecting at tlie
proper season a licit and tolerably moist piece of
new ground, and prepare il by burning it olf very
clean, and breaking il up. The seed is then to be
sown broadcast upon il, nnd when they are up, they
arc to be overlooked daily, to see that the cut-worm
does not commit ravages among tho young plants
und us fust ns tlie plants arrive nt u proper size
they are lobe transferred to tlie Tobucco fiold, to
make room for the smaller plnnls of tlie nursery.
As casualties frequently arise to dostroy some of the
nurseries, it is necessary to guard against a prob
ability of not having a sufficient number of plants,
by making tlireo or (our nurseries, at an interval of
one or two weeks each. Much attention should he
observed to keep both your nurseries nnd field very
clean, particularly of grass, and for that reason
now lands are preferred for both. In Cuba they
plant on an even surface, and disturb it us little
as possible '.villi the hoe, only picking out tho grass
or weeds which spring up. The plants, when
transferred to the field, are to bo planted in squaros
nt about from two to three feet apart, according to
the strength of the land. The high lands in Cuba
are such ns produce the quality of Tobacco, both
us to strength nnd color, that suits tbo American
market best, and such lands correspond nearest to
our high hammocks. The greatest enemy to the
plants, belli in tlie nursery and in the fields, (while
small,) is tlie cut worm, which has to he looked af
ter curly every morning, and wherever they have
eaten the plants, they are to be found and 'killod,
cither on the plant, or on the ground near it. When
tlie plants gels to be larger, then the largo green
Tobacco worm is to bo constantly guarded against
and tho suckers also continually broken off as fust
as they appear, und when tlie tobucco is judged to
to be of sufficient height, it is to be topped und ul-
lotved to mature for cutting. The time of matu.
ly their color, beginning at the bottom leaves, from
tlieir deep green growing color, to a yellowish
green ; but if this is net sufficiently obvious, and
you deem your Tobacco ripe, you muy test it by
crushing ingcilior tlie lip of any of the upper leaves
which, if it snaps, is a sign of its being ripe, but on
the contrary, if it docs not snap, it is not fully ma
tured. When ripe for the knife it is cut down near
tho ground, leaving two suckois, which Ituvc been
spared a week or two prior, ready to grow up and
produce a second crop, and also a third crop may
bo renlized in the same manner. Tho Tobacco
is to bo convoyed carefully in wido throngs of cow-
hido to the house, to be hung up ; a sited is prefer
red, with freo space for ventiluliou beneath, and
after tying tho plants togeilior, two to each siring,
and luuving space enough between them to insert
a wooden peg, you hungthem up, Ity intruding them
a bo vo each rafter up to tho ridge of tlie house, be-
ing careful not to hang them so near that they will
touch or crowd each other, or your tolmcco will
mould. Also whon tho weather is moist,you must
make small fires enough under it, to keep out the
moisture, but not enough to heat your Tobacco. —
When the leaves are perfectly dry, the whole on
to be taken down, and placed in a press for a fen
hours, the object of which is, if the Tobacco is loo
dry to itripoffiwithout breekinglho leaves, that they
may become soft and pliable, but great care must
be taken that it doea not heat, and it must be strict
ly examined, by inserting the hand to aacerttin that
it becomei not too hot. The press it made by put.
ting raila or poll* crosswise of eaeh other, la form
of a rack, and placing cowhide* under, over and
around the Tobaoco, and placing upon it something-
somewhat weighty. It is then to be atripped leaf
by leaf from the stock, and being the selected, tho
wrappers from the fillers, to be tied at (he butts, and
prepnrad for market. It is sometimes usual to put
It again in press after being stripped.
Treatment of Sheep.
Messrs. Editors :—In your last paper, I ob
served a nuticu of a diseaso incident to sheep, whtich.
has not yet found n name in this part of the coun
try. Permit mo to say that I believe it to be tbo
sumo as that known as the dty murrain in tlie up-
lands of England. You can draw your own c (in
clusions however of the similarity. In tho lew
lands in Europe this complaint is not practit tally
known, probably from the fact of tbo sheep m ivor
being without green esculent food. Tho gro und
is seldom covered with snow so as to prevent the
sheep having access to the grass, and if it is, they
are supplied with turnips ; hut iu tile higli I intis
wheru turnips ure net to bo had, the winter l note
severe und their fuod necessarily dry hay, the t ante
disease, viz: u total absence of moisture in the
contents of tlie stomach prevails, and heavy Ic uses
sustained in consequence. I have known oil cuke
given in small quantities which wits found tu pro.
vent the disease entirely. A cold dry ntmosp hero
with day food, and not in many instances vet) ' fa.
vorablo access to water, will account for its app ear-
mice amongst our flocks here as it dues in tlie higli
lands of Englund. One ounce of ground oil co .ke
with one ounce of corn meal or bruised outs will
be sufficient. When it is found to lutve u callta. rlio
effect, let it be discontinued for a few days.
In countries where tlie high price of sheep r on-
der their preservation und improvement a mu' tier
of grave importance to ttie stock farmer, lie is led
to adopt such means ns from experience will not
only enuble him to preserve bis sheep alive thro ugh
the winter ; but to have them in tlie best poss ible
condition in the spring, nnd it is found that null ting
contributes more to those desirable ends titan s liv
ing in the full. As some of your renders may not
be acquainted with tlie process allow mo to expl -tin.
To prepare tho salvo take equal proportions oi tur
und dumaged butter or nay kind of course gro ese,
melt them logothor over a slow fire until tl tor.
oughly incorporated. When cold tlie mixture will
bo of the consistency of honey. The oper ator
then in a sitting posture with the sheep on its \>nck
and its head towards him, opens the wool tho full
length of tho body nnd purullel therewith in a
straight lino, taking then a litllo of tho salve on the
fore-finger of the right hand, plnce il in tlie open,
ing und draw it towards him, distributing it. regu-
arlv upon tlie skin. This done, make another
opening three incites to the right bund, and so on
until the whole hotly of tlie sheep litis been gono
over. The advantages ure numerous, prese/vntion
against wot, inclement wenilior, un increase of ten
to fifteen per cent of wool, and tlie total and abso
lute destruction of licks. Fnrmers adopting this*
system would do well to see the operation perform
ed by sum" one acquainted with it, as by tliut means
llto work would be very ittucli lessened. From 2
to flounces of salvo per head is sufficient. Manu
facturers give a preference to the laid wool, as it is
called, it scouts better and is never ill any in
stance set on or maned, ns is llto case with a great
deal of wool in litis country.
A. FARMER.
Chicago, Jan. lfl, 1815. rrairie Farmer.
Valuable Seeds. — We are under renewed obli
gations to the Hon. Mr. Ellsworth, Commissioner of
Patents, for another package of valuable Seeds, for
distribution among our patrons; und wo almll bo
happy to make suclt a disposition of them ns will
effect the object of the patriotic donor—for
we hold it tliut lie is '.lie true putriot us well ns
philanthropist, wtto tlius uses llto means placed
at ltis disposal to extend tlie comforts of tlie pee-
people ttntl tlie prosperity of ltis country. Tlie
package comprises the following kinds, viz :
Polish Oats, very largo and henvy, seed of 1844..
Multicole Rye, (best kind,) sow in fall. do
Rico, scud of 1844.
Italian Rye Grass, (seed imported from Eng
land :( sow either spring nr fall. It may bo sown
alone, or mixed with clover or other grass seed—
Seed of 1844.
Spurry, (seed imported from England, 1944.)
fine winter pasture (or shocp and cattle ; sow iu
tlie full; also excellent for milk and butler.
Largo Oregon Corn, raised bv H. R. Smet.scr,
Mary hind—seed of 1844.
Smith's Extra Corn—seed of 1814.
Egyptian Corn.
Early Sugar Cent—seed of 1844.
Small Corn for pickling.
Improved Dutton Curn—151 bushuls sltollcd
corn per acre—seed of 1844.
British Queen Pt-a—new und imported drain
England. Very superior kind of (kite) pea.
of 1844.
Waterloo Blue Pea. late dwarf, imported, seed
of 1844.
Winter Wheat, seed of 1844.
Tuscany Winter Wheat.
fclarly turnip rooted Beet—seed of 1844.
Half lung blood Beet. do
Horticultural pole Cranberry Beaus, seed of 19-14
and will hereafter bo pleased to exhibit to toy who
have curioelty io aoch matters, the utility of the
Improvement,and publish the practical results at
some future period, when experienee has enabled
ue to speak with certainty of the benefits to be
derived.—Cheraic Gaz.
Milk Sickness.—We have published some nr.
tides lately which go to show that the long sought
cause of this malady is at last discovered in a min
eral substance of which arsenic forms a considers,
bio part—which is found in certain springs nnd
runs of water. Such springs Ituve boon discovered
in various places in Madtsen county, in this Slum.
We believe tho goneral suppesilion heretofore
has boon that it was some plant eaten by cnltlo ;
though different persons have attributed it to dif.
ferent plants. It would deserve to bo considered,
in case that the cause is found in wntPr or its sedi
ment, whether the old opinion is entirely erroneous
Would it not bo remarknlile to suppose that cer
lain plants growing about tlie runs where tbo pel
sonous water is found, would take up enough ul
the poison to producu the disousu 1 A write
the Boston Cultivator says, that a fruit tree which
ho knew, died in consequence of tho emptying a
largo quantity of brine about its roots ; and on ex
amination the limbs of llto tree were found en-
crusted with n deposilo of salt; showing that the
It was carried up in tlie sup vessels, and lints
spread through all its parts, Might not such be
the result in other cases. The matter is certainly
worthy of continued examination. We see it re
commended in the Alum Telegraph to change the
name of the disenso, which at present lias no pro
priety in it, and coll it Metexicum.—rrairie Far
mer.
it* nsl
do
Crop u,f 27
l’urter’s Chilian Bumpkin, do
Double or curled Parsley, du
Round Savoy (extra) Spinach, do
Victoria Rhubarb, do
Silver Giant Celery, do
Cup (extra) Parsnip,
Extra long green Cucumber.
Brown Mustard, for field cr
acres, brought 6I,GOO.
Lo.v Bear Tobacco—duo silky leal'
Genuine Havana Tobacco—and California 'Io-
bacco.—Amor. Far.
[FROM THE l’RAIRIE FARMER.]
To Preserve Fruit Trees from ltnbbits.
Messrs. Editors :—A year ago last spring a
friend ntndo mo a present of near 100 apple trees
of choice grulted fruit. 1 valued them very high
took great pains in setting them out, and tu my
mortification llto rabbits commenced upon thorn
soon after. I slaked and wrapped them with
straw, but tho stakes would get down and the straw
get off. So that in spite of my watchings, there
wore but 12 nlivo at llto end of lito year. 1 pro.
cured trees from Alton and reset them, and pro.
emeu.iiiiinuiiiiiun utiu n rules to work upon tlie lit
tle "varmints” und after killing hundreds of them
wo saw tliey appeared as plenty as evor, but by vigi
lant watching koptoff unlit thu 1st Oct, when they
made tlieir “efficient commencement.” A neigh
bor informed me that sulphur and greaso would
keep them ofl'und I mixed about 1.2 pound flour of
sulphur with soft grease enough to make n thick
paste. Then with my hand smeared tho trees
from llto ground 2 feet up, and since that timo not
a treo lias been touched. I had seen many preven-
tnlives recommended iu tho pupors, but was ufraid
of any composition of grease. Sulphur can be
put on with so litllo greasu that I think it perfectly
safe.
Utter Creek, Jersey co., 111., Jan. 0, 1845.
Martin’s Imfroved Bee IIivk.— Mr. L. M.
Lcaclt, of North Carolina, yesterday called upon
us and exhibited a model of “Martin's Improved
Bee hive," which appears in every respect calcu
lated to answer the pursoses for which it is intend
ed. Tlie main object of this improvement, the
comfort and convenience of tlie Bees, and the case
with which tho Moth can bo discovered, & destroy
ed without disturbing llto colony in their operations,
is manifest to tho most superficial observer. We
have never heretofore had the management of these
industrious and valunblo insects,beingsomewhatde:
lered by witnessing the troublo and annoyance which
other* have experienced but having no doubt that
this improvement will remove all difficulties,we now
intend to have a hivo built on the model shewn uf,
TtAVKlttNo otrwk THE And**.—L. C. Pickett,
E*q., U. Charge do* Alfaitea ni Luna, in u
letter to the National Institute remarks
lhave trttelled five days at a time among tho
Andes withcilH seeing a human creature except
those with me; and along a track (not a rbad) which
for the most part aerpentizod over almost porpon.
dicular precipices, or through a forest literally im
pervious, by cutting one’s way almost overy step.
Provisions, luggage ami everything were carried on
men’s backs ; und my saddle-horse was a stout mu.
Intio (part Indian! whom I occasionally mounted
when tired of walking. 1 fell at first a decided re.
pugnahee to this sort of equitation, and could not
think of usinga follow.being far u beast ofburdei.;
but tlie necessity of the case anil the custom of llto
country got the better of mv scruples, ns they Imd
of more conscientious men, no doubt ; nnd ns the
sil/ero (chairman) as lie was called, told me it was
ltis occupation to carry Christians overthe moun
tains, and solicited the job, J struck a bargain with
him, und tlie price was -'310 through, I riding about
half the time. This quadrupedal biped, so lie may
be called, turned out lobe a very surefooted und
trusty animal, nnd curried mo in perfect safety to
the end of llto route.- The modus equilandi is this;
instead of a saddle, a very light cli-tir is used,
which tin) chairman slings upon ltis buck, and tlie
traveller's face, when sealed in it, is to tlie north,
should lie be g"ieg to the south, and vice versa. It
is necossnry that when mounted ito should keep
himself very accurately balanced, for there are ma
ny pincos in passing which a false step on the part
of the sillero might cause u tumble down n preci
pice, which would be fatal to both tlie rider and tlie
ridden.”
boiling themselves in every particular—i|, al l
: and elforls of Sir Robert Peel, the Repeal eirf
it Ireland has bcc-n divided into two contending
t — t lint llip Putin Itan lir-rut limiurlii i>, ^
Smut.—Professor Johnston in a lecture Intel;
delivered before tlie Chemistry Association, ro
marked that the sporules of this fungus are so ex
ccedingly minute that il would take 2800 uf them
to cover an inch- There is tie doubt, lie says, tliut
they ascend through tlie sap vessels of the plant—
for by examination it could bo seen where they hnd
come up ; having loft tlieir coloring matter in the
jbos of the stock. After passing through tlie
stock, tlie smut fixes itself under tlie root of the
flower, which it renders barren ; and as tlie grain
ripens, tlie puff balls ripen also, and burst; scatter
iug a black dust, so minute tliut it takes 1,000,000
of them to lie across u stnglo inch.
It may thus be seen how smut is propagated.—
Its particles are su smull that thousands of them
may attach to a kernel of wlieul unobserved, and
ho sown witli it.
Vurious substances will destroy its vegetating
power, among which arc blue vitriol, cnmmun sail,
urine, mid potash.— Prairie Parmer.
Wheat.—It appears front nn article in the Ohio
Cultivator, an excellent paper recently established
ul Columbus, Ohio, tlmt judging by the quantity
of wheat passing, tlie Ohio canal, llto wheat crop
of Ohio is decreasing notwithstanding a greater
number ofneres is every year sowed in wheat.—
Tito editor attributes this result to tho fact that the
soil is yearly losing the elements necessary to gaud
siruiv and grain. In reply to tho supposition that
tlie decrease is caused by rust, tlie editor remarks
us follows:
As an evidence that tlie cause of tlie failure of
tho wheat crop is not generally understood, we
can state, from our owt; personal observation, that
many fields in Ohio which were said to Itnvo been
destroyed by rust, tlie past summer, were in reality
very little nll'ected by rust nt nil. The straw mere
ly turned brown, because it had not tlie materials
to give it a butler color, and the berry did not fill,
simply because tlie plant could not obtain tlie pro
per elements for it to fill with ! When will farm
ers begin to study nature’s luws and conform tlieir
practice tu the lessens which situ teaches ?
New Theory of Mildew.—We find it stated
in llto Canndiun Agricultural Journal, that M
Haywood, lecturer on Chemistry ut tlie Sheffield
(England) Medical School, recently gave a lectur
before the Norton Farmer's Club, wherein, among
oilier tilings, ho advanced wltnt to us is a new the
ory for the formation of honey-dew and mildew.
Our readers tire aware that muny theories have
been advanced ; sonic utl'ibule it to one tiling and
some to another. Mr. Haywood explains the pltc
nomena in this way. Mildew is caused by the
rapid evaporation of water (torn '.lie leaves oftlie
plants after a wot spring, when tlie salts tho water
contained were left on the surface of sticlt plant
as were already matured, while others,which tveri
in a growing slate, appropriated them to tlieir uses
Honey dew was caused by nn excess ofeurbun
in tlie plant, which could only occur in dry weather
when the other ingredients could not be furnished
for il to combine witli,—Aloinc Farmer.
Pulverized Charcoal to prevent rot in potatoes.
—Mr. Editor—1 see Ity your last number of tlie
Ploughman,that gentleman farmers of tlie Legis
lature have again commenced nt the State House a
discussion ot matters and things in general for
tlieir own improvemen t and tliut of the community
in agriculture, and that the first topic was llto dis
ease in potatoes tlie past season. I, last October,
saw a gentleman in tile county of Berkshire from
Now Jersey, who informed me of u process of rais
ing potatoes, that with him succeeded to a charm.
His potatoes wee , c — ®‘*‘> ouul ln Quality und
quantii*' " lie there was a general lutlure umong
...o neighbors in consequence of the rot. The pro
cess wus this : lie wont to New York und procured
a quantity of pulverised charcoal that had boon used
for the purpose of rectifying spirits, mixed it with
ltis compost heap und spread il broad cast upon
tile land planted.
Whether the idea be worth anything to the pub
lie, judge ye, and make suclt use of it us you please.
Your littmble servant, M.
Ilartfield, Jan. 15, 1845. Ploughman.
Sowing Grass.—Wo trust that tlie farmer
will this year abandon tho practice of sowing out
with their grass seeds. The plun recommended
by Lewis Saunders, Esq., in tlie Dollar Farmer, is
tlie proper one. Prepare tlie ground thoroughly
by ploughing and harrowing, sow tlie grass sued
ulune just after the last harrowing, and cover by
dragging a slab or dour over tlie ground, tho dri
ver standing upon the stub or dour, it is well to
souk tlie seed, nnd they should bo sowed when tlin
ground is quito moist—sow thick and early. Il
these directions are observed, the sowed grass wil
take immediate possession of the soil und keep it
If weeds shouid appear, puss a scythe over tbo stir
face. Treated iu this way, orchard gross will
make an excellent pasture tlie first season, und will
present a thorough sod, A heaping bushel of or
chard grass seed is required to llto acre.—Louis
ville Journal.
Jarvis, the Portrait Painter.—Those ofour
readers who knew Jarvis, tlie portrait painter, will
recognize in tlie following anecdote a scintillation
of the wil that was wont ‘to set the table in a roar.’
Towards tlie close of ltis life, Ids convivial npli-
Hides had made him too fond of tlie bottle. When
ibis propensity had so far got thu hotter of him as
to render him rnllter unequal and unsafe as nn ur-
list, he was employed by a gentleman in one ofour
cities to paint ltis wife olio happened not tu lie cast
in love’s mould—llinl is to say site was "so hard
favored as not to be favored at all.” It was stipu
lated that Jarvis should not drink over a pint of wine
at a silting. Tho artist consented to this hard con
dition, went to work, and indue timo presented a
fuc simile of tlie lady. Tito husband was of course
dissatisfied with tlie painting.
“ Couldn’t you itavu given it,” said Ito to tlie
painter, "n little less—that is, couldn’t you give it
now a little more”
“ If you expect me,” said Jarvis, seeing tho hus
band’s drift at mice, "if you expect rno to make a
handsome portrait of your wife, I must liuvo more
than a pint of wine at a sitting! I couldn’t get up
imagination enouglt to make iter even good-luoking,
under a quart nt the very least.”
Tito gentleman "left the presence.”
Force of Periodic Vibrations.—Many curious
instances might be mentioned of the groat effects
produced by periodic vibrations, one of llto most fa.
miliar, perhaps, is the well known result of march
ing a company of soldiers over a suspension bridge
when tlie latter, responsive to llto measured steps,
begins to rise nnd fall witli excessive violence, and,
if the marching lie still continued, most probably se
parates in two parts. More titan one accident ling
occurred in this way, and has led to tlie order (we
believe) tliut soldiers, in passing these bridges,
must not march, but simply walk out of time: An-
oilier curious effect of vibration iu destroying the
collusion of bodies is the rupture of drinking glass
es by certain mitsicul sounds. It is well known that
most glass vessels of capacity, when struck, re-
sound with n beautifully clear musical note of inva
riable and definite pitch, which inay bu culled tlie
peculiar note ot llto vessel. Now, if a violin or
oilier musical instrument be made to sound tlie
sumo note, tlie vessel soon begins to respond, is
thrown into vibrntious, its nolo grows louder and
louder, and eventually may break. In order to in.
sure the success of this experiment the glass should
not bu perfectly annealed, however the tendency to
break is invariably llto saute.—Polytechnic Maga
zine.
Tobacco Growing in Mississippi.—Wo find
tlie following in llto Vicksburg Whig oftlie 7llt
inst :
For tho information of our planting friends, we
would state that a gentleman in Madison Parish,
La., about eight miles from litis city, tried an ex
periment of raising tubacco on ltis (arm lust year ;
tbo seed was from Havana, and tlie product wus
sold to Mr, Days, a tobacconist in litis city, for fif
teen dollurs per hundred, who says it will bring
tueuly-ftve dollars per hundred in Now Orleans.
His opinion is, that nothing but age is wanting to
make it equal to the best Havana, which sells in
New Orloaus at $00 per hundred. Ho made it
into sogars, and sold them to u merchant of this ci.
ty for 830 per thousand.—Tlie iuitd produced nt
rate of from 1000 to 1000 pounds per acre.
We learn from the Cincinnati Enquirer that the
Governor of Ohio has refused to surrender one
Jnlm Kinsman, on llto requisition of tho Governor
of Keuiucky. Kinsman is indicted in the circuit
court of this county for decoying and euticiiig u-
way the sluve of Mr. Thruston of this city'
The Schoolmaster.—There is no office higher
than tlmt ofu teacher of youth, for there is nothing
on eurtli so precious as the mind, soul, ami charac
ter of the child. No office should bo regarded with
greater respect- Tlie first minds in the communi
ty should bo encouraged to assume it. Pa rents
should do all but impoverish themselves, to induce
suclt to become tlie guardians and guides of tlieir
children. To (ltis good nil tlieir show nnd luxury
should bo sacrificed. Here they should bo lavish,
whilst they straighten themselves in every tiling
else. They should wear tlie cheapest clothes, live
on tlie plainest food, if they can in no other way sc.
cure to their families tlie best instruction. They
should have no anxiety to accumulate proporty fur
tlieir children, provided they can place them under
influences which will awaken tlieir faculties, in.
spire them with pure and high principles, und fit
them to bear a manly, useful and honorable part in
tlie world. No language can express llio cruelly
or folly of tlmt economy, which, to leave u fortune
to u child, stnrvcs ltis intellect and impoverishes ltis
heart. — (Vutnnina-
Canada.—The public debt of Upper Canada
alien tlie Provinces were united was $5,709,248.
Lower Canada no debt to speak of. Tlie now debt
of tlie United Canadas is $8,000,000—borrowed
iu England for public inprovements, audit is sup
posed llto income from Iter public works next year
will not more than pay llto interest. Tlie cost of
the late insurrection to the Homo Government wus
$40,000,000. The military establishment now
kept up in the Provinces cost’s about 61,000,000 a
year. Between nine and ten thousand troops are
now under pay there. Plank roads are supersed
ing the McAdumized, their cheapness over tlie Me.
Attain being universally acknowledged. Steam,
boats of the largest class will soon Ito able to moke
trips from Quebec to Chicago, ali tlie canals now
in progress, being constructed in reference to ships
being able to puss through the locks.
To Sweeten Rancid Buttee.—An agricultur
alist in tho neighborhood of Brussels, has succeeded
in removing tlie bad smell and disagreeable taste of
rancid butler, by mixing and beating with it chlor
ide of lime. Tito operation is said to consist in
beating tho butter, witli a sufficient quantity of wa
ter, into which is pul 25 to fll) drops of chloride to 2
pounds of butter. After being mixed till all parts
nro in contact with tlie wuicr, il is left for an hour
or two. then withdrawn and n ashed anew in fresh
water.—Alb. Cult.
The mammoth steam ship Great Britan is sup
plied with liie boats, constructed on u new priuci.
pie, and capuble of carrying four hundred persons.
Cotton.—The New York Express of Thursday
evening says ;—"Private letters give a more favorable
account of tho Colton market than the printed state
ments. These advices have rather strengthened our
market, and holders are a little firmer. Several par
cels have been sold to-day at full prices. Wo cannot
perceive that the news lias bad any other influence on
the market.
Tito Muniteur contains the returns of llto importa
tions into France in December list, the duties nn which
produced 13,fl99,399f., showing an increase of 2,801,.
3791., as compared with those of December, 1813.—
Tho Custom’ receipts Hin-uitited, in 1844, to 152,117.-
3091, they were 143,051,7031, in 1843, and 137431,-
593f., in 1842.
The New York Courier &. Enquirer says :—A pam
phlet has just been published in London, urging upon
lltc British Government tlie necessity of availing them
selves of the triumph of the anti protection party in tho
United States, to engines the supply nf our markets
with British manufactures. It urges also very strongly
Tfco Pmeigm New.—Tbe - rgfr ..j
Ti> the nynnptJ* of foreign h*\v« h chived at fo HU *
by tlie Ntenmer, and puWi*»bed exclusively by up yenc
day luomiii'', vve add lu.day an extended rein mu of fur*
ther dot a tut, sill or equal importance to the commercial*
political and general imereetaof ilna country. |„ 0 *
nspm the commercial intelligence is- particularly irf
tempting. Tho Armnesa of the price of entton-iff,*
steadiness in the markets in Liverpool—and tin* a pr,a ?
rent gradual improvement of trade throughout EnghiuJ*
will all lend to have a beneficial effect on the great sta’
pies of this country—to give animation to the Markin*,
in all our southern ports —and to give also Ptrenrrt|
and vitality to tho foreign exchange*, in these rctpixi
tho news ih interesting and very uoll received *
In a political point of view, it would appear that the
present governments of England and France
Htrciigthcni
the tact
tation in ireianci uhb oten aiviueu into two contend;
factions—that the Pope has been brought to operate
the Irish masses of Catholicity—that Daniel 6’ConnoJ
is placed in such an awkward position that he ir afrA:«|
to go to the House of Commons for fear of being shorn
of all the residue of his power-.and that the private
and confident^I league between the French ai.d
I tali Courts is stronger and stronger every day. 'j'fJ
French Chambers had been in BWHioii a few days it
our last dates, but unfortunately the British Parliament
was to meet on the day on whHi tho steamer vailed —
We shall thus be without farther intelligence in rcla.
tion to tho movements on the other side of the great
water iu relation to the great American questions of
Texas and Oregon, until tlie arrival of the next Meunu
er.
By our former arrivals we were made acquainted
with the probable fact, that although the French pronto
and French press sympathised with the policy of J| le
United States in relation to Texas and Oregon, tfo
French Cabinet and Louis Philippe were engaged in
some secret piece of diplomacy, concurring iu the views
of England on these questions! which were known to
be very hostile to this country, nnd the movements of
our government. In the journals, both French and Eng.
lish, brought by the last steamer, we find but sender
allusion to American topics, and they are particularly
silent in regard to the important questions just men.
tinned. The French and English prcsB appears, indeed
to he iu a state ofsuspense, awaiting the bringing op of
these subjects in their respective legislatures, tho
French Chambe rs and the British House uf Commons.
In sonic of the British journals it ie, indeed, hinted that
there would be a violent outbreak on American affairs
in both these legislative bodies at a very early day
Thus far, in the French Chambers, the subject had not
been touched, no member having risen in lii.s place to
put a question to M. Guizot in order toasccr-ain what
really had been the policy of the French Cnb r,pt—
whether they had given encouragement to Mr, Knuqor
whether they had concurred iu the views if the Dntieli
government.
In this state of singular suspense the importont Am.
crican questions of Oregon and Texas stood at the last
accounts from Europe. Tho arrival of the next steam,
cr will, no doubt, put us in pos.'ession of someveryim.
porlant information on these points, and we should not
be at ail surprised if we found that secret despatches
had been brought over by the ••Hibernian,** both to tlm
French and English ministers at Washington, of such
a character as had been concurred in by both govirii.
ments. In England the opinion is generally expressed
by the newspaper press, that Loins Phi 11 pc’s Cabinet
lias been prevaricating on the subject both with the
Minister of the U. Slates in Paris, and with the Eng.
lish Minister of Foreign Allairs. Such seems tube
tho opinion even of the independent portion of the
press in Paris. Audit certainly will Require a very
clear and full explanation from M. Guizot m the Ifnuse
of Deputies to free his skirls and that of bis ministry of
the imputation of this double-dealing in American af.
fair*. But it is very certain that tins extreme silence
in France and England, at llio last accounts, bodes on
good towards the policy of this country relative to the
annexation of Texas and tho occupation of Oregon.—
We arc very much disposed to believe that the French
government, in order to secure tlie permanence of the
dynasty of Louis Philippe, will side with the Britifh
Government on these questions, and throw their mflu.
once against American progress and American move,
ments. We are satisfied, however, that this very poli.
cy will defeat its aim—that it will throw the dynasty of
Louis Philippe in direct collision with the sentiments,
feelings and sympathies of the great bulk of tho French
people. That collision, if it take place, w.JI lay the
foundation of a train of events the full result of which
no one can predict at this early day. It is manifest
that we arc in the commencement of great events, both
in this country and in Eutope. The developementi
which have just taken place by the capture of Santa
Anna, and the discovery of his papers, relative to the
designs of England on California—tho belief that Brit*
isii Government can, at any moment, take possession
of the Island of Cuba—the fact that Great Biitainoc.
copies Bermuda, and that sho has possessions and
claims all around the lines and boundaries of the Uni.
ted Slates, both by land and water, show that the British
Government is at the head of a great “holy alliance"
of the crowned dynasties of Europe, for tlio purpose
of hemming in, hampering and controlling tho destinies
and movements of this country, for fear ol the inflo.
once, and effect of our institutions on the European
masses. We are about to be encircled by B itish posts
—British power—British forts—and British guns; and
if an European confederacy can be formed, and united
on such a plan, we may rely upon il, its purposes will
be carried out to tlieir fullest possible extent, and tho
principle of self-government—of free, republican gov.
eminent, will receive a serious blow, and the existence
of despotic and monarchical institutions be proportion
ably prolonged.
From these views it will he seen that the next news
from England and France will lie highly inlerestyig.—-
The next arrival will put us in possession of the views
probably of both Governments, called forth by inquiries
made in the legislative assemblies of each. In the
meantime, wo have no doubt ihat private negotiations
arc going on between the Governments of France
England ; and that secret despatches have been receiv
ed hv their agents in this country, instructing them as to
their share in the work of, thwarting and fr
poncy o. our lioverumcnt in its moveinen
tinont.—N. Y lforald
A Largk Organ.—At Froyhourg in Switzerland is
a very powerful organ, which is well described by a
correspondent of the New York Observer:
It lias 7800 pipes, some of them feet long,nnd 94
stops. It is an instrument of power, and though the
traveller is compelled to pay eleven francs to hear it on
a week day, it is worth tho money. At first one imag
ines a ti ick is played upon him, and that a full orches
tra accompanies the organ. The mellow tones melt in
ami Boat away with the heavier notes, as if ft band of
musicians were playing out of sight. Many refuse to
believe ilis not a deception till they go up and examine
every part of the instrument. The effect is perfectly
bewildering. There is the trombone, the clarionet,*hc
flute, the fife, and ever and anon the clear ringing note
ol the trumpet. Tho performance is closed with an
imitation of a thunder storm, in which the wonderful
power of the instrument is fully tested. At first you
bear the low distant growl swelling up and dying away.
'Fhe next peal breaks on the car with a more distinct
and threatening sound. Nearer and nearer rolls up the
thundercloud, sending its quick and heat t discharge*
through the atmosphere, till clap follows clap with
stunning rapidity, rolling ami crashing through the
building till its solid arches tremble as if the real thun
ders of heaven won ursting overhead. I d.d not
dream that a single ii.s.i ument could possets so much
power.
The same correspondent also described two susp***
sion bridges in Froyhourg: one remarkable for its great
length, the other ler its extreme beauty. The toiler
connects the tops of two mountains, swinging over 1
(rightful gulf that makes ono dizzy to look down into*
There are no buttresses or mason work in sight at lit*
tie d.stance. Shafts are sunk in the solid rock of to®
mountains, down which the wires that sustain it are
dropped. There it stretches, a mere black line * ,eaf v
U00 leet in tho heavens, from summit to summit* B
looks I .ke a spider’s web flung across a chasm, its deli*
cate tracery snowing clear and distinct against tbesWi
Wli.le you are lookingat the fairy creation sn-’pendra
in mid-heaven, almost expecting the next brcezowill
waft it away,you see a heavy wagon driven on it.
shrink back with horror at the rashness that could tru»
so trail a structure at that dizzy height. Hut th® *'*
hung cobweb sustains the pressure, and tho vch cj®
pa«*ses in safety. Indeed weight steadies it, while m®
wind, as it sweeps down tho gulf, makes it swing
you. The largo suspension bridge in supported o
lour cables of iron wire, each one composed ol
wires. As tho .Menia bridge of Wales is often sue
bo longer than this, wo give the dimensions olM**
Froyhourg, UOo feet, height 174 feet, breadth t® '® *
Media, length 580 feet, height 1B0 feet, breadth vJ*®®
A span of 005 feet, without any intermediate
impossible nt first, and one needs the testimony ol
own eves before he can fully believe it.
The steamer Hibernia at Boston from Liverpo®
I he steamer Hibernia at tfusion irom ^ r .v e
brought over the largest mail ever rece.ved n 1 ' 11 *.
.. WW , WJ av other side of tho Atlantic. She had fifty y*'
tho expediency of repealing the duty on raw cotton.— I «ers in her mail bags and ab* ul one huudred a
So much for tho triumph of the Democracy. I bushels of newspapers.