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Hr,HANK* or
Aft. fOST**, OK TBHHMWCC,
Jit.«VpaM ff bit pnputiim It mmraff Mr, Walk*
tr't mmmbmriu to ibt Httm JUaahttimw far the
. Amt**Hot ft Tratt. In Sihatm. Pea. 37.
Mr. Walker's amendment having liccn read at
tl» ftaerenry'* inbla:
5 Mr. FO$ YER alter uttering an apology fur hi*
■bailPi it the time the recess \va* ugret iliu, warn.
•4 the Senate that he did not purpose lu fatiguo
then It that hour with a apeech. Hi* personal po.
altion in relation to the pending moaiuru »ui well
aaoertk na 1 ; lie had no aecret* to keep in regard to
lit he da.ired to have none. Ho occupied now,
atWeee a .ingle point, tho mine ground ho had ta.
kea when this measure was before tho Senate a: tho
hat aaaalon in the form of a treaty. He did not
fbrmhii opinions without tho utmost deliberation ;
Mdhn would not, lie could not, lie darod not change
Me poaitinn. The resolutions us they name from
the Hous o of Representatives, embodied Ills scoff,
manta. It had been hishunur to present resolutions
on the aame sidjecl in the Senate simultaneously
with those in the other branch of tho Legislature;
bet not without tho most profound reflection* at to
the terms therein proposed. As to the opinions rx•
pressed by him in June last, on the genernl subject
of admitting Texas into the Union, ho retained the
Sfata opinions still, and should continue to hold
them, if those solid and slatoly columns which
surrounded this chamber should stand fast upon
their hn*e. just so fssi and immoveable sliould lie
Stand on the ground ha had from ilia first assumed.
A* ■ Represuutalivo of the State of Tennessee, lie
would give no voto except in conformity witli his
Convictions of wiiat was due to Iter us u sluveliuld.
ing State, If* was for no Missouri compromises,
though he loved this Union as well as any man. and
jvould, if he could, preserve fur hundreds ofyenrs to
Come our great und glorious Confederacy, if there
were any gentleman hero who refused to receive
another Southern Stale on account of the presence
of slavery within her bounds—if uny Senator .vas
disposed to say to Texas, “stand hack—go, wash
the (tain of slavery Irom your hands, or you never
•hall enter here"—he would say to them tlint he
•ought no such issues. He called litem to remem
ber the ad.i.issiou of Missouri, when this slavery
question shook this Union to its very center; when
bold men and patriots turned pule ; witen mothers
clasped their infants to their bosoms in dread of
what was coming ; und nothing but nil interposing
Provid mice saved litis fair Republic from disruption
and ruin, (le sought no return of scenes like that.
Let other gentlemen take their course ; he did in I
complain of it or of them ; but he would warn the
South, ami nil who loved Iter, tlint they were driv.
en to the brink of u gulf which opened nt their ve
ry feet. Their adversaries told them to tuko the
water. He would not do it; lie would stand upon
terra firmn—on the solid ground of lite Constitu
tion—und there, though lie should stand ‘'solitniy
and alone," he would continue to stand up for the
rights of Iiia Slate und of nil Iter Southern confed
erates. He was told, indeed, tlint there was no
danger on this slavery question so long ns wo had
a President coming Iron) a slave State: Mr. Polk
was a Southern man : would lie ever put Ilia build
to an act which was uimed at the safely of tho
South 1 It might he so ; and when gentlemen
could prove to him that temptation never could ho
so great as to shake tile integrity of a politician—
when they could demonstrate that there exaisled
such a llii.ig us pcrfecliun among men—he might
be induced to listen to sounds like these. But, till
then, he would trust no man. He must bo lieurd,
and he would be heard, in opposition to what he
conceived dangerous to the iutcrests entrusted to
his care.
Gentlemen told Inm that there was no difference
between the resolutions as they now stood, prohib
iting the extension of slavery in Texas above a cer
tain line, und us they were originally uifured. That
the alteration amounted to nothing. If it amount
ed to nothing, why was it insisted on? And if it
was necessury to insert it to satisfy a certain purty
at the North, how did gentlemen tell him there ivns
no danger ? He was not going to jeopurd the con
stitutional rights of his constituents to please or to
conciliate liny body. Ho nllouJJ come up to his
duly boldly and feurlessly. if Southern Senators
were prepared to sanction a treaty which cut ofT
the rights of tlie South let them speak now. If
not, let them lake their stand on the ramparts of tlie
Constitution, raise the cry “the South is in danger,’’
and draw their good swords and fight it out like
men ; for sooner or later tlint fight must come.
Mr. P. had nothing now to sny to gentlemen
north of Mason and Dixon’s line. Let every Sen
ator, in view of his own duty, take care of himself.
He was no advocate of slavery ; lie said it was an
evil ; but it ivus upon them, they had long suffered
under it, yet it was not their sin. It was their in.
heritance; an inheritance received from whom?
Need lie point to the North? Need lie nsk
whose were thoso ships which brought the black
man from his distant home mid sold him here?—
And could Northern gentlemen tell him how the
evil wus to be removed ? He pruyed them net to in
tuit him on the ground of Southern slavery till they
had first found out a remedy. Mr. F. wus a slave
holder; not because he approved of shivery in the
abstract, but lie was the udvoeate of the virtues of
those whose sad inheritance it wus. He knew the
virtue* of their heart, and he invited Northern
zeulots, who never had seen with their own eyes
the black ninn in the country of his bondage, bill
who trusted to distorted pictures r.nd lying repre
sentations of his condition, to go will, him tn the
plains of the sunny South, and, if they wanted to
tee human happiness, there they would find it.
Mr. P. was raised among slaves ; he anew them
well ; he was their master ; mid he would that
some gentleman could ivitness the scene on his re-
turn among them. There was not one but would
C one to meet him with the glances of joy and the
warm welcome of fidelity and Direction. And was
he going to put it into the ponerofamnd brain-
struck fanaticism to turn them loose, to break up
their entire social condition, and turn content and
cheerful labor into enmity and revolt? Never!
It was because ho hated the thought, and because
he saw the evil afar off, that ha spoke as lie now
did. He stood before the Senate overcome, indeed,
by the force of bis own feelings, but ho stood firm
as the pillars uround hint. Nothing, nothing could
•hake his convictions and his resolution on this
subject.
He should, therefore, move an amendment to
the amendment now proposed.
Mr. F. said lie was a friend tn annexation; ha
had been so from the first; hut in annexation on
proper terms. If gentlemen word about to blink
the slavery question for the sake of getting vo'es
for the measure, llieii he would call for water und
wash hi* hands of the entiro concern. And he here
gave hit friends notice thut if the amendment now
penning should be adopted without that which lie
desired tonppenJ to it as a proviso, he should go
against the uimexution of Texas in ull its forms.—
On this they might count, for he would surely do it.
Mr. P. then moved the following amendment to
the amendment moved by Mr. Walkbr.
“ And provided further, That, in fixing the terms and
rnnililions of such admission, it shall bs expressly slip,
ultled and declared that the Bute of Texts, and such
other States as shall be formed ol that portion of the
present territory of Texas lying south of 30 dogreos
30 minutes nonli latitude,commonly known as the Mis
souri compromise line, shall be odmitted into the U-
nion with or without slavery, as tho peoplo of each
-State so hereafter asking admission may desire.
r “ And provided furthermore. That it shall be also sti.
palsied and declared that the public debt of Texac
•ball M do event become a chtrgo upon the Govern,
moot of the United States.”
On this question the yeas and nays war* ordarad.
Mr. BATES demanded that the question ba di
vided and taken separately on Ilia two proviso*.
Mr. HAYWOOD raised a question of order, in.
•fating that, ns the provisos were taovad *• an
amendment ta an amandmant, thay constituted 16-
gatltar one amendment In the eacond degree, and
if separated would l« equivalent to moving an a-
me nd mo nt in the third degree, which wee prohibit-
«d tiy rule.
The CHAIR explained, and overruled the quee-
lionuf order.
Tho question was thereupon divided, und put first
on the lira! proviso, viz:
“ And provided further, That, in fixing the terms and
conditions of such admission, it shall be exprussly stip
ulated and declared that the Statu of Texas, and eticli
other Stales as ill.ill be formed of that portion ol tho
preeenl territory of Texas, lying south of 30 degrees HO
minutes nortli latitude, cmnmunly known ns the Mis
souri compromise lino, shall be admitted into the Un-
nion with or without elavory, ns the people of each
State so hereafter asking ndm esiou may desire."
Mr. BERRIEN snid us lie understood it, the first
branch of the mncndiiient allowed the peoplo of the
nuw Stmes fornieil out of Texas u certain Iimu to
decide whether slavery should exist in their bound*
or not.
Mr. CRITTENDEN said he was willing to
ake the first hut nut the second proviso. Whenev
er Texas ivus admitted into I ho Union, this nntiun
wns Instantly hound to pny her debt, whatever i,
might bo. To talk of udinillitig a new State into
the Confederacy with the brund of repudiation and
bankruptcy on tier brow, it wus n mockery.
Mr. WHITE inquired of the Chair whether the
amendment now offered wus applicable tu the a.
ineiidineiil of tile Senator front Mississippi (Mr.
Walker) or to tho resolution of the House of Rep-
resi nintives ?
The CHAIR was unders'ood as replying, to the
Inner.
Mr. WHI TE then suggested to Mr. Foster that
they would not answer his end.
Mr. POSTER replied mat they would ; it wns
ull right.
The question being now pul on adopting the first
clause ol Mr. Poster's uineiidment, it wns decided
by yens and nays as follows :
Vkas—Messrs. Archer, Harrow, Bayard, Berrien, Cinytna,
Criilciiden, Foster, lltiiiliesnii. Huger, JarnsKsn, Johnson,
Msneuiil, Merrick, Mmeliead, Pearce, Phelps, Hives, Sevier.
-18.
Nava—Messrs. Allen, Ashley, Alcliison, Atherton, Bngliy,
Bales, Benton,Breeze,Buchanan, Choate, Colquitt, linytmi,
Oickiuson, Dix, Kvans, Fairfield, Francis, Httvtvood, Hon*
demon, !lnimn£!on, Loivia, McDuffie, Miller, Niles, Porter,
Semple, Sturgeon, Tujipun, Uphatn, VVulkcr, While, Wood-
brige, Wuodlmry—83.
So tho first proviso was rejected.
Tim question then recurring on die second pro
viso. viz.
‘And provided furthermore, That it shall be also slip
ulalcd and declared that the public debt of Texas shah
in no event become a charge upon the Government ol
the United States.”
Mr. WALKERsnid he was personally in favor
of the proposition; but lie should be obliged to vole
ugaiust it, because (as the reporter understood him)
it wus left by the resolutions ns an open question.
The vole was taken by yeas and nays, and de
cided ns follows :
Yeas—Meiara. Archer, Borrow, Bates, Bayard, Beriien,
Chuuie.Cluy too. Kiuuv. Fuller, t''rancin, Huntington, Jarn
gin, Johnson, Miller, Peurce, Phelps, Porter, Jtivea, oil
mulls, Uphnin—20. 0
N*rs—Messrs. Allen, Ashley, Atchison, Alhertun, Bagf,,
Benluii, Breeze, Buchanan, Colquitt, Crittenden, Dickinson,
Dix, Fairfield, Hnnnegan, llaywoud, Henderson, Huger,
l.ei'is, McDuffie, Mangum, Merrick, Morehead, Niles, Mem
pie, Sevier, Sturgeon, Tappan, Walker, White, Wuudhridge,
Woodbury—31.
So tlie second proviso was also rejected.
The question now recurring on tire amendment
moved by Mr. Walker—
Mr. ARCHER moved to amend it by striking
out all ufter the word “resolved," where it first oc
curs, uud inserting the following :
“That the President of the United States be and he
is hereby requested to order negotiations to be entered
into witli the Government of Texas for the transfer to
tho United Slates, with the assent of the people ol
Texas, of the territory, with all rights incident thereto,
which now constitutes the said State of Texas, and
that the incorporaiion into tho Union of the United
Stales of the inhabuants of said State, and llieir ad
mission to all tho rights, privileges, and immunities ol
the citizens of the United States, as soon ns may be
consistent with the principles of the Federal Cunstuu.
lion, be stipulated in such treaty."
The question ou this amendment was taken with
out debate, and rosulted in a tie, as follnws :
Yeas —Messrs.Archer, Barrow, Bates, bayard, Berrien,
Ciiunte, Clay lull, Crittenden, Day ion, Evans, Foster. Francis,
Huntington, Jeruagin, Johnson, Mangum, Milter, Morehend,
Peurce, Phelps. Porter, Hives, Simmons, Cnhain, While,
t e,-26.
Ilessrs. Allen, Ashley, Atchison, Atherlon, Ungtiv,
Benton. Breesn, Buchanan, Colquitt,Dichineon,Dix,Fairfield,
Hnnnegan, Hnywund, Henderson, Huger, Lewis,McDnlfie,
Merrick, Niles, Semple, Sevier, Sturgeon, Teppan, Walk
Woodbury—26.
So tlm amendment was not adopted.
'The question was then taken on ngreeing to Mr.
Walker’s amendment, viz: to add to tho House
resolve the following uddilional resolve :
And be it further resolved, That if the President of
the United Slates shall, in his judgment and discretion,
deem it most advisable, instead of proceeding to submit
the foregoing resolution to t lie republic of Texas, as an
overture on the part of tho United States for admission,
to negotiate with that Republic; then—
Be it resolved. That a State to bs formed out of the
present republic of Texas, with suitable extent and
boundaries, and with two Represcnlatives in Congress,
until the next apportionment of representation, shall be
admitted into the Union, by virtue of this act, on an
equal footing witli tho exibtmg States, so soon as the
lityms and conditions of such admission, and the cc
sinn of the remaining Texas territory to the United
•States, shall be agreed upon by the Governments of
Texas and the United States ; and the sum of $100,.
000 is hereby appropriated to defray the expenses oi
missions and negotiations, to agree upon the terms of
said admission and cession, cither by treaty to be sub-
milted to the Senate, or by articles to be submitted to
tho tw o Houses of Congress, as the President may du
reel.
And the question on agreeing to this amendment
wns decided as follows :
Yxax—Messrs. A Ben, Ashley, Atcliinson, Atherton ,Beghy,
Benton, Brecno, Buchanan, Colquitt, Dickinson, Dix, Fuir-
fielil, tlonnegall, Haywood, Henderson, Huger, Inhinum,
Lewis,McDnlfie, Merrick, Niles, Semple. Sevier, Sturgeon,
Tappan, Wulker, Woodbury—27.
Nays— Messrs, Archer, Burrow, Bates, Bayard, Berrien,
Ciinitle,Clay Inn, Crillendcn, Dayton, Evans, Foster, Francis,
Hiinlingloii.Jerniignn, Mangum, Miller, Mnreheed, Pearce,
Phelps, Porter, Uives,Simuiuns,llpliani, White,Wuudhridge
—2b.
So tho nmendmoiit was carried.
The Iron District.—The iron district, which
spread* through New Jersey, Pennsylvunin, Ma
ryland, and Western Virginia, traverses regions
exuberant with coni, and abounding in wuter-pow.
er ; nnd, travelling further West, we find in Ohio,
Kentucky, uud particularly in Missouri, immense
stores of motulilerious weulth. adjacent to the must
fertile agricultural districts, it is to Pennsylvania,
however, wo must chielly direct our attention,
where two fifth* of nil the iruu in the United Slates
is made. The United Slnte*contain 80,000 square
miles of coni, which is nbuul sixteen limes as great
us tlio coal measures of Europe. A single one ol
these gigantic masses run* irom Pennsylvania to
Alabama, nnd must embrace, itself, 60,000 squure
miles. Out of fifty counties of Pennsylvania,
less than thirty have coal und iron in them ; and
out of the 40.000 square miles of Ponnsylvuniu,
which form superficies, there are 10.000 miles of
coal and iron ; while nil Grant Britain nnd irulutid
have only 2.000—so that Pennsylvania alone Ims
an area of coul and iron five limes nt greul ns that
of Great Britain. The quality of the coal or iron
is as rich as that of Great Britain, nnd they have
tlie advantage of lying near the water level; while
these of tlie latter country are sometimes muro
than one thousand ieel below llto surface, and are
excuvatad through tubterraneun passage*.
Huni'e Merchants’ Mag.
Tuz Cam of Contempt.—Mr. Munsell, who
was sentenced to pay a fine of 9260 for ■ contempt
of Court in refusing to Answer interrogatories be
fore the Grand Jury on tlie ground that *uch an.
•w*r would criminate himself, and who we* com.
milted to prlaon in default of the payment thereof,
on Saturday leet paid the amount of fine into court
•ad was ralaaaed, having undergone a week’s im-
prisonmen*.—Alb. Atlas.
As mere is nu raasuusbte doublet the Glob*be
ing installed Court Journal to the now Administra
tion, it looks all naturslaud proper to are thut pa
per blazoned with laudation nfiho apaech from the
throne. They who me well paid for praise, shall
they not lay it on thick? And shall not courtiers ut
ter 'he language of their trade? It is all right in the
Globe, but we hnpn that paper i* uwure tlint wo
litko its eulogies with many grains of nllowunce.—
We have hud loo much of this in times past. Put.
ling green spectacles on n horse and feoding hint
wim shavings mny do for once, but i t tho long run
oven un uss would rebel ugninst it. Wo have usk-
cd fot broad ut d they gave us a siono,—lor fi.lt and
iliey gnvo us a serpent. If we judge harshly, thou,
we judge a* a jienple who have been many limes
deceived uud belrtiyed,—and that by tlie very tnon
tu whom nro now surrendered up tho guidance of
tlie Administration, und because we object to hang*
ing, tho one about our necks and putting the oilier
in our bosomi, wo are denounced as rebels, nnd
liuvo lecture* on tho enormity of not loving a guv-
ernmcnl “known to us only by its oppressions."
Tito Globe says, “the dissolution of tlie Union ii
mi every-day lineal; it i* so familiarized to tlia
public ear that presently it will lie thought no
crime,” Ho therefore rejoices in Mr. Polk’s “ho.
sauna* to tlie Union" und luuds hi* denunciation*
of d sunionism.
If it i* true that disaffection if daily spreading
nnd deepening and tlie public car becoming to'er.
nut of it* open avowal, does tho Globe suppose tho
empty thunder of n Prestden’l spoeclt can overawe
and destroy it? it is tho meaning voico of the
people, which wi«e rulers Ihtlen to reverently, und
which furotol* the swift destruction of tlioso head-
strong fool* who think lo stay tlio storm with it
straw and tlie torrent witli a feather, it is not by
denouncing discuutetits, hot by removing tlieir cau
ses,—it is not by vuin words and faithless promises
but by substantial nets nnd honest reforms, tliut n
people cun he brought buck to love nud reverence n
Government that bust cursed them with long and
systematic misrule.
And, beyond this threul of fatherly displeasure
and chastisement if we uro naughty, what lias Mr.
Polk done or evon promised, lo allay tlie deep dis
contents that lie knows to exist, and to exist with
ample cause, in that portion of the Union from
which lie comes, and on subjects that underlie the
whole character and action of the Federal Govern,
meat,—Taxation und Expenditure. Are we to be
tortured to raise enormous revenue, nud then see
it wasted in corrupt expenditure, without complain,
ing ? nnd when we compluin. uro we to be uppea*.
ed witli liomilica about tho sacredness of tho Un.
nion ?
Congress lias appropriated millions nt this Ses
sion to Internal Improvement. Mr. Polk’s own
pnrly have thus revivetl a policy the constitutional!,
ty of which ho nnd they have so often denied, und
lie sny* not one word ubout it iu his Inuuguurtil —
His votes in Congress, and every declaration ol liis.
when free to speak his real opinion, stand ns so
many pledges against the protective policy. We
know well enough wliiil hi* convictions are. With
what purpose then, on thi* oversliudoiving subject,
ha* lie clothed himself in words of ambiguous im
port, phrases that have been made the mask of ov.
ery degree of unjust taxation and uncon-tituliunul
protection? Why lias lie defiled his speech with
cunning equivocations about incidental protection,
when lie knows litis was the very pretext of the
tnriflfof ’42—the very Inuguign by which i s contriv.
era justified it ? He hus openly denounced the injus-
lice and oppression oPlhfa act,—and what then
are we to infer from his sanctioning and adopting
the phraseology of its advocates and authors 1 Such
tiling* do not satisfy and appense,—they fill men
witli new doubts nnd deeper indignation. They
doubt the possibility of reform, and spurn nu allegi
ance whose sole fruit* tiro treachey, corruption and
extortion. And it is truly a consoling promise of
reform, when alter thus compromising the most vi-
ml questions, wo are warned against complaining
and cautioned of the consequences of seeking re
dress.
Let the Governmen*. establish justice—let it lake
oif its own tyrannous yoke from our neck* and its
robber hand from our throats, ami tlio Union is se
cure from all ussuults in this quarter. President
Polk offer* no such remedy, in those studiously
equivocal phrases of liis, nnd his talk about the sa-
credness of the Union will not be received as an
equivalent.
The Globe itself makes no comments on Mr.
Polk’s handling of the Turiff, except to pronounce
it wonderfully clear—a specimen doubtless of “dark
ness visible.” But it tries lo muke amends by
blowing up tho passage into a pretty foam ol ital
ics and capital*—like another “scurvey politician,”
mentioned by King Lear, “seeming to see the
things lie doth not." The fact is, the whole pas
sage on tlie Tariff, means James Buchanan, and
nothing else, except that the author tried lo conceal
tlint omirtuus significance. Whut sort of promise
of a settlement of (lie Turiff this holds out, we
leave our renders to judge.—Chat. Mercury.
The Lead Caves of Missouri.—The Cincinna
ti Chronic's says :—Our country is as great in
caves ns it is in mountains nnd rivers. Among these
tlie most remarkable are tlio recently discovered
lead cuves of Missouri. They aro about sixty
miles south of Suint Louis, in Jefferson county, not
far from Herculaneum. A series of iurgo caves
has been discovered in a rich lead mine, which
seems to be made, as it were, out nf lead. Five
have iiere now been discovered, leading from the
one to another—but the end is not yet; for the end
has not been discovered. Five of these caves have
been discovered. Tho following aro their dimen
sions ;
1st Cave, 60 feel by 30
2:1 do 25 do 50
3.1 do 40 do 70
4th do 26 do 30
5th has been explored only partially. Tho
following paragraph from the St. Louis Republican,
will explain what i* known uf these cave* :
Gen. James Hunt, formerly of Trenton, New
Jersey, ha* led the way in the discovory of the suc
cession of cavos in this lead since tho commence
ment, The last account we gnvo of him, about a
month ngo, he Imdjust entered cave No. 4 ; lie lias
now made liis way 60 fee', in No. 6. nnd musses of
Galena are the only hindrance lo liis further pro.
gross. Before tlie two last caves were discovered,
thi* wn* considered the greatest land on record ;
and now tlie prospects for the fuluro seem to brigh
ten us Ito advances.
This lead runs about South, thirty fivo degrees
East, commencing ubout ten miles from Hillsbor.
ougli, tlio county sent for Jeiferson county—the
lend being about 66 miles south of St. Louis.
• it is owned by a company of a few individuals
besides tlie General, some of whom reside in this
eilv."
The United States and Mexico.—In confir
mation of tlie report* which Itavo been in circula
tion here, and Itavo already found their way into the
Eastern papers, we learn that lite Minister nf Mex
ico to thi* country (Gen, Almonte) has signified to
this Government lite termination of liis mission, in
consequence of the passage of tho act for the an
nexation to the United Slates of the Province of
Texns. Ho has addressed a letter to tlie Secreta
ry of State entering a solemn protest, in the tinme
of his Guvornmonl, against that law, which he do-
t.lures to be an act of nggres&ton lite most unjust
that modern history records, being, as lie alleges,
the spoliation of a friendly nation of a considerable
part of its territory.
The Minister has further asked for his passports,
it being bis purposo to leave tills city for N. York
■* early ua practicable, and there to embark fur
Mexico.
Tiiis step on the part of the Minister is, of course
only what every intelligent person knew would be
the necessary consequence of the passage of Ilia
aot of annexation.
National Inlthgtncer.
TM—s4»Wi
Mi
Wasmikotoe, Mar. 9.
The Senate will meet again on Monday next,
with, it is believed, a largo number of new nomina.
lions from the President. Tlie rumors of changes
in coiitumplalinn thicken to-day, and I hear the fol
lowing, which, however, refer much more lo the
applications made than tu the promises given.
John B. Weller to be Assistant Post Muster Gen*
erul, in place of Mr. Miller, brolher-in law of John
Tyler. Tliis is tlie office upon which liaug the ap
pointments uf all tlie suburdiuuto Pust Masters in
ihu country.
The next announced appointment is tlint of Col.
Gardner in place uf Mr. Skinuor, as Third Assis
tant Post Muster General.
The third ia thut Mr. Norvell, uf Michigan, tn
Mr. Bidluck, uf Penn., will tie Commissioner ul
ihu General Land Oftico. It i* also said that Peter
Hugner, one of tlio Auditors, will be removed.
It il further said this evening thut Gen. Ilunt.nf
Ohio, will receive Mr. Miller’s pluco, Mr. Weller
having declined iu liis luvor.
Mr. Weller, a few evening* since, married a
Niece of Mr. Benton, I believe, and would proba
bly Imvu no objection lo becoming a resident ul'ilie
District.
Mr. Wulker entered up in tlie duties ofhi* office
lo.day, und wu* introduced to tlie cfarks ol tlie Do-
partmont.
Mr. Marcy, who yesterday entered upon the du
ties of liis uilice. (See. uf War.) to-day received
tlie officers of tlio Army iu uniform. Tlie officer*
afterwards paid their respects to Mr. nud Mrs.
Polk.
Mr. Johnson commenced bis labor* ns Post Mas
ter General yesterday, and received the congratu
lations of liis friends. lie was introduced lo the
Clerks of tlie Department during tlm day.
Mr. Mason bolds on to tlie Navy Office, and will
do so until Mr. Bancroft is confirmed ur soma one
else.
Mr. Nelson also retains the Office of Attorney
General until Mr. Mason is ready to receive it.
Mr. Calhoun wus officiating iu the State Depart-
nenl to-day. und il is snid that Mr. Buchanan will
visit Pennsylvania lioforo entering upon the duties
of his office.
There are rumors of “a fl.i re up” between the
President und Col. Butler, of Ky. Mr. B. expect
led a Cabinet appointment, uud is ollered tlie ulfice
ofaCImrgo to South America.
The Inauguration.—On Tuesday last, the In
auguration of Mr. Poi.k, us President of the United
Slates, took placo. Here, lit Ruieigh, the day wus
lowering and unpropitiuus; indeed, the “very
Heavens seem’d hung in biack." The ceretlion
ies at Washington, however, were doubtless more
expeusivo and imposing, than have ever before
marked a similar occasion. Tlie udvnnceof luxu
rious refinement, seems to demand more of pump
and show, with eacli succeeding Inauguration, but
we confess a wish tlint tlie nobler simplicity which
characterised lite earlier duys of tlie Republic had
stiil been maintained among us. As u marked
contrast lo the custom of onr own day, we present
the following remarks, from the “New York Sun,"
upon Inaugurations, in the olden lime :
“Washington arrived at Newnk,where a hand
some barge wus prepared, and lie was rowed over
the bay by thirteen Piiots. He landed at tho foot
of Wall street, where lie met a barouche and four
white horses, with cubs, bunuers, music, and office
hunters. The great Paler Patriae walked up
Queen street, (now Peurl street,) to Fruukliii
square, where lie lodged, followed by a procession
of gentlemen who knew how to estimate such a
man. The General made them a graceful bow
when lie entered the house, and they nl! returned
home. After sometime, General Washington
took liis hat and cane and walked over, nnat.
tended, to dine with old Governor Clinton, which
he did enfamille. Five duys afterwards, a squad,
ron of old continental liur.e, and a regiment com.
mended by his companion in arms, Col. Morgan
Lewis, and a committee uf Congress, escorted
him to the City Hull, which then stood where
the Custom House now stands. The General
took bis seal in tho Representative Chamber
for a while, and then went into the balcony in lite
front of the street in presence of tlie Sovereign
people, where tlie oath or office wns administered
lo that great mun by Chancellor Livingston, who
then said “Long live George Washington, Presi
dent of tlio United States,” on which tho people
cheered and tlie President tnudo a Speech ; after
which lie came out, walked up Wall street to
Broadway, attended by Congress, nnd hoard Divine
service at St. Paul’s Church.
“A few days afterwards, the President gave no-
tico that, on Tuesday and Friday, lie would re
ceive visits of ceremony, but that on other days vis
its ofcompliment would not be agreeable, and more
especially on Sundays. In nil this there was Re
publican simplicity and dignity. There wus no
ringing the bcl 1 by an impudent partisan, marching
into the President’s private parlor, shaking him
familiarly by the hand, and asking for office. The
same and even less ceremony attended the inaugu
ration of Jefferson, who rode to Washington on
horseback unattended, excepting by a servant, who
carried his saddle hags. The same with Madison
and Monroe.—If the groat men of our Revolution
sot such an example of Republican simplicity, why
sliould nof t 'eir successors walk in their fool steps?
It is natural that whore there is gayety there is at.
traction. Those who visit Washington to enjoy a
very innocent pleasure, but how many visit Wush.
ington with other and more interested motives ?”
P. 8. As oar paper is preparing for Press, we
have received the “Intelligoncer,” giving an ac
count of the Inaugural Ceremonies. It must have
been an up-hill a Hair to form a Procession, on tlie
plan proposed, when the ruin was pouring in tor
rents. “Such a display of Umbrellas,” says the
"Intelligencer," “as darkened the City by their
shades, was never witnessed probably by tlie “old.
est inhabitant.’’ Where was Amos Kendal? We
shall look out for a second edition of liis omems.
Effects of Opium jn the Mind.—A Indy, who
know nothing experimentally of opium, once told
us, that bIio "could lull when Mr. Co'uridge hail
taken too much opium by his shining countenance."
She was right : wo know that mark of opium ex
cesses well, and the cause of it ; or ut least we bo.
Move the cattso lo lio in the quickening of the itisen.
sible perspiration, which accumulates und glisten*
on tho face. Bo that as il may, a criterion it wn*
that could not deceive us as lo the condition of Cole,
ridge. And uniformly in that condition lie made
hi* most effective intellectual displays, il is true
that lie might not he happy undut this fiery anima
tion, und we fully believe that lie wa> not. Nobody
is happy under laudanum except for it very short
term ofyenrs. But in what way did that oporate
upon his exertions ns a writer? We ure of opin
ion thut it killed Coleridge as a poet. “Tho harp
of Qunntock” was silenced for ever by the torment
ol opium.—But proportionality il roused nud slung
by misery hi* metaphysical instincts into more spas
modic life. Poetry can flourish only in tho nlntos-
pliore of happiness. But subtle and perplexed in
vestigations of difficult problems are amongst the
commonest resources for beguiling the sense of
misery.—Blackwaood’s Magazine^
Sinoulah Cure for Headache.—I Imd a violent
headache, which the captain undertook to cure nnd
ho certainly succeeded. Ho made mo sit down,
seized hold of my caput, und, plucing a thumb on
euclt of my temporal arteries, pressed them in such
a way as lo almost stop ills whole circulation of
my blood. Ho then directed me to heave at long
atigh at I could, nnd I walked in to dinner com-
pletely cured. I have »een Indie* in thi* country,
whilst suffering under such malady, appear with a
wafer stuck on each tempi#, which, I presume, wa*
only n milder way than my friend the captain em
ployed of driving off this tormentor.—Afy Adven
tures, by Col. Maxwell, K. H.
IcMWMtamanoR to ran Mtiums eevam.J
Nsw Yo«k. March 0,1046. )
H o’clock, a. M- )
Tkn town ia (till full of laik and speculation on
political affair*. W hntover may bo the other quali
fication* of Mr. Polk, ha certainly possesses in an
eminent degree the faculty of astonishing liis friend*
and mystifying his eiiuiuio*. Tlio composition of
tha Cabinet has excited universal wonder among
the democracy. Ilia received very much as wa*
his own iiominaiiun—much to Hie chagrin and
mortification ul tlio two great rival clique*, Van
Buren und Calhoun, and liaidly to the saiisluction
of anybody. And yet, il is a very able cabinet.
Buchanan l* a strong iron ninn. Wuiker ha* plen
ty of qoiek silver. Murcy is a good stulking-iiorsa
licside* having a liuud of In* own—und Bancroft’*
talents aro indisputable. Tito worst thing about
tlio now administration it undoubtedly ihu disposi
tion uf the Post Goneialship. But a* the new bill
is now a law (nt least we suppose so, here,) t Im ro
will ho no grent room for afflicting or oppressing
the peoplo. By tlio way, it is said tliut thc penalties
against private expresses, enacted by tlie new law,
aro logo into immediate operation. If this i* so,
it will seriously embarrass, if not entirely break up
those failhlul nud efficient public servants, Hall,
Hurndcn & Co., Admits &i Co., Livingston and
others, who huvu been our chief dependence against
lite imbecility of tho department under existing cir.
curnsluiice* ; while the benefits i f tho new law are
postponed until July. A most vexatious state of
things truly.
Tile Inaugural Address meets witli a very favor
able receptiun. it show* the present purposes of
Mr. Pulk in u light gratilying to Ihu country, in ma
ny respects—«s hu is evidently determined to con-
duct tlie duties of liis high office witli no indepen
dent spirit, and will yield obedience to nono of the
culm!* which busul him.
Tlie Custom House and other Tyler officehold
er* here, are highly eluted with the direction events
at Washington have taken, und fuel cortuln that
very few changes will hu made.
I have nothing new to say of our commercial af
fairs. The stuck, cotton and other markets are
without new features.
The weather is sour nnd windy. Boreas lias
got big trumpet, and is blowing ou'. the air of March
forward witli ull liis lungs. The “Native” dust
drive* in troops of whirlwind* that have lost their
way. We Imd a little rain yesterday, but it clear-
ed up ngnin in the afternoon.
The anticipated rownt Tammany Hull, between
the Natives and the “hoys” did not come off. Ball
and meeting were both wisely given up, and the
city preserved.
Preparation* for the spring election are going on
vigorously on all sides, and we shall doubtless Itavo
un exciting time of it.
Standing Committees of tlie Senate of the United
States for the next Session.
On Foreign Relations.—Messrs. Allen, chairman,
Cass, Archer, Atherton, ami Huger.
C'n Finance.—Messrs. Woodbury, McDuffie, Benton,
Evans, and Phelps.
On Commerce.—Messrs. Haywood, Dix, Huntington,
Johnson, of Maryland, and Sevier.
On Manufactures—Messrs. Dickinson, Sturgeon,
Simmons, Semple and Speight.
On Agriculture.—Messrs. Sturgeon, Semple, Uphatn,
Bales, and Barrmv.
On Military Affairs.—Messrs, Benton, llannegan,
Crittenden, D,x, und Phelps. ,
On Militia.—Messrs. Atchison, Semple, Barrow
Fairfield, and Corwin.
On Naval Affairs.—Messrs. Fairfield, Colquitt, Mc
Duffie, John M. Clayton, and Dickinson.
On Public Lands.—Messrs, Breese. Speight,A slilcy,
Woodbridge, and Jarnagau.
On Private Land Claims.—Messrs. llannegan, Sem
pie, Johnson, ol Louisaua, Dayton, and Thomas Clay
ton.
On Indian Affairs Messrs. Sevier, Bagby, Phelps,
Morehead, and Atchison.
On Claims Messrs. Bagby, Mangum, Joint M.
Clayton, Semple, and Dickinson.
On Revolutionary Claims.—Messrs. Semple, Jarna-
gia, Greene, Haimegan, and Colquii',
On the Judiciary.—Messrs. Ashley, Huger, Webster,
Berrien, and Breese.
On the Post Office and Post Roads.—Messrs. Niles,
Sturgeon, Simmons, Semple, and Johnson, of Louisi
ana.
On Roads and Canals. — Messrs. Atherlon, Lewis,
Corwin, Sturgeon, and Woodbridge.
On Pensions.—Messrs. Dix, Bates, Miller, Ashley,
and Atcliinson.
On the District if Columbia.—Messrs. Colquitt,Scvi-
er, Johnson of Maryland, Miller, und Woodbury.
On Patents and the Patent Office.—Messrs. \Vood-
br idge, llannegan, Sturgeon, Speight, and Lewis.
On Retrenchment.—Messrs Lewis, Morehead, Ather
ton, Dayton, and Dickinson.
On Territories.—Messrs.Bagby, Allen,Lew is, Evans,
and John M. Clayton.
On Public Buildings.—Messrs. Dayton, Simmons,
and Bates.
To audit and control the Contingent Excuses of the
Senate.—Messrs. Niics, Breese, and Corwin.
On Printing, — Messrs. Atherton, Simmons, and
Semple.
On Engrossed Bills.— Messrs. Speight, Greene, and
Jarnagiu.
Medical College of Georgia.—Tho Annual
Commencement of the Medical college or Geor
gia wns held on Tuesday, the 4th instant, at tho
Masonic Hull. The degrot, of Doctor of Medicine
wus conferred upon thirty-three gentlemen, by tlie
Hon. C. J. Jenkins, President of tlio Board of
Trustees. An able and eloquent address lo the
Graduating Class was mude by the Rev. Wm. T.
Brantly, Jr.; which was followed by an appro
priate und highly interesting valedictory by Dr. T.
B. Gordon, one of the graduates. We subjoin a
catalogue of the graduates :
Milton Antony, of Gn.
A. T. Anderson, “
A. R. Bixby, “
J. M. Bowers, “
S. R. Caver, “
G. M.Cade, “
W. L. Cochran, “
W. E. M. Cousin* “
W. H. Davis,
W, H. Ellington, “
l 1 . B. Gordon, “
J. M. Galphin, “
Tnonias Graves, “
J.S. Holliday, "
J. A. Harlow, "
A. L. Haminoud, “
James Hill, “
S. C.
Ga.
A. H. Jackson, of Ga,
Taliaferro Jones, “
J. H. Jennings, “
W. W. Leake, “
J. T. Lamar, “
Jesse Lowe,
I. M. Moragne,
R. M. Parks,
11. W. Rutherford, S.C.
J. P. RuIIh, Gu.
R. M. Stull, ••
I). R. Strong, Ten.
E. A. Stribling, Ga.
J. W. Todd,
T. Wakefield, S. C.
F. B. Wakefield, Ga.
F*0»Taue_.Br the •nJvaT.IZTTr?!
Steamship John 8. MeIC.m, Cup.. LWiTrtvlT
New Orkuns Picayune) w,. have dan-a to tlm 20,T
ull—three day* later. T..e McK. broke -
her alinlta the second night nut, which somuwb.
delayed her passage. *
Our files am barren of inielUgenro nfinquirn,,
and veilmliy we leuru there w.i* no news siirnr,-,'
The follow ing ure tlm only items wu eoahlui^ ’
from our exchange*. 1(1 111,1
The uniiivcrsury of the birth day of naliinctc n
wn* duly honored at by tin-
non unit other demonstration#.
According lo the New*, tho peoplo of tlm \V c „i
are quietly pursuing their huaiim**. TlieGi-rnuia
colonials under Prince do Sol,ns me now encamp,
edjust ubnve Victoria. Tin y are snid lubeg„v t .,„"
ed by laws and regulations of tlmir own, I,#,:'"
no other inlereonr»n with the inhabitants' il, s „' •*
absolutely necessury lo purchase supplies, '*
Corn on me Guoduloj,,. is becoming scarce, nru)
is now worth 75cents per bushel, wnh a prulu,.,.,
of further increase of price. The cotton crop »q|
full short of tlm former estimate.
Tho editor of lliu News) complains of the
ness nud ii regularity of tlio Texas mnils, and t|, en ’
nays that hu generally receives Inter dates |> om
\Vushieglon on the Potuninc than from Wusliip,,.
ton on the Brazos.
Success of a Yankee Boy.—Mr. Coleman in,
inventor of the piano attachment, which liaa nttruci.
ed Hie udniirniion of the musical world, i*
us, having returned in Ihu Hiberniu. H'c under,
stand tliut Im lui* disposed ofiiis entire right p, ,[,*
invention in Europe for six hundred thuusunrj d 0 |.
lurs, cash down. Before leaving tiii* country ho
Imd sold the right for Massachusetts lor ten tlious
und dollar*, und for New York, one hundred thous
und. He thus receives seven bundled and fop
thousand dollars. A pretty fair sum fur a Yankee
not yet thirty years old. Mr. C. bus a haud.oire
estate utSuruloga, wdiere lie resides. Sumo ten
years agolie advertised un exhibition in this | ow „
of a miniature steam engine und railroad car—tick,
et* of admission twelve and u half cants, Thi-ro
were nut a dozennt present. He afterward* mu
ufactured accordions witli sucb tools n* his
enabled him to procure or to borrow,und subsequent
ly gave lessons on that instrument. His succe-iiiii
career since then is known.
Mr. C’ssroliun was not lite only “attaclui.»',i"
tlint he took out whh him lo Europe. Hr- .ad
formed a previous one for a young ludy in |,, „ a .
live town, whose fall,or—worth hi* two Luudre-'
thousand—forbade tlie buns,on nccou ,i oftlicrui.
tor’s poverty.
“I will have her yet,” was the response of tho
young musician—“Never,” indignantly shouted
ilia lullter, “until you nru worth more money man
1 am.” ••? shall claim your daughter, sir, one
day,” was tlie bitter response of the iculianist
His wealth more titan trebles thutoftlie young Iu.
dy’s father, nud us sbo hus ever had hr “a tacli.
menl" for him, il is not improbable tiut the uo-
durute heart may soften and melt before the oin.
impotence of wealth.
New Bcilferd Bulletin.
Another Musical Invention.—The Walking,
toil correspondence of tlie New York Expreii
suya .-
“A patent was taken out a few weeks since,by
a young artist, Mr. E. J. Walker, for an improve
ment iqion tiie piano, by which the harmonic tones,
so sweat und so difficult of attainment, even lo die
most skillful performer, ure produced at pleasure
by the use of u pedal. Heretofore, i believe, llie«e
harmonics imve never been brought out upon the
piano, and upon the harp and violin only by the
most eminent artists. Last Saturday evening Mr.
Walker gave a concert, iu which lie made the first
public exhibition of his invention, uud so far as I
have learned, there wus but one opinion of his suc
cess. Such harmony was never before beard from
the piano. As an artist, Mr. Wulker has but few
equals ; hut the exquisitely sweet and melting tones
of tho harmonies produced a sensation far exceed,
ing any effort of skill in execution. Sameness of
tone has been the greatest objection to piano music,
and gave a superiority to the harp and violin.—
This objection is bow entirely removed ; and the
lone of the instrument may now be made to cortes.
pond lo the sentimental. I believe this U the
greatest improvement in tlie musical department
that has been made since tlie invention of tlie piano;
and is destined to effect a revolution in iiislrumeo.
tal music. Mr. Walker has devoted several years,
1 understand, lo the perfection of his invention, enJ
will snou visit New York to exhibit inhere.”
Liebig when a Bov.—Lio (rig was distinguished
at school as a ‘booby,’ the only talent llten cultiva
ted in German schools being vorlinl memory. On
ono occasion, being sneeringly asked by the mus
ter, what he proposed lo become, since Im w as so
bad a scholar, and answoriog that Im would 1 be a
chemist, tlio whole school burst into a laugh of de.
risiott. Not long ago Liebig saw hi* old school
master, who feelingly lamented liis own former
blindness. Thu only b-iy in the sumo school who
ever disputed w itli Lining the station of‘booby,’
was one who never cuuid learn liis lesson by heart,
but wa* continuuily composingmuic, and writing il
down by stealth, in school. The mine individual
Liebig lately found ut Vienna, distinguished as a
composer, uud cumlucnir of tlie intporiul Opera-
house. I think liis name i* Reuliug. It is to be
imped that a muro rattanul system of school tn.
■truclinu i* guiding ground. Can any tiling lie
more absurd or detestable Hum a system which
made Waller Scott and Justus Liebig ‘boobies’ut
school, nnd so effectually concealed llieir natural tn.
lent*, that for example, Liebig wns often lectured
before the whole school on his being sure to cause
misery and broken hearts tc hi* parents, while lie
wa* all the time conscious, sa the above anecdote
prove*, of the possession of talents similar iu kind
to thoee he liaa since displayed.
Phrenological Jour.
[from the n. o. PICAYUNE, j
Hutton in California—the oregon sf.ttuks.
— We Imve been informed by n gentleman, whs
left lite 1’ncilic coast in December Iasi, that hvoor
three Americans nre about lo engage in tiie cul
ture of cotton in tho lower part ol Upper Califor
nia, and that they feel confident of rawing a supe
rior article end iu grunt abundance. Their rancho
or plantation is not far from Sun Diego, in lot. 83
degree N., tlie elinmle being warm and delightfully
fine.
Tho tame gentleman informs us that many of
tlio Oregon settlor* have arrived in the neighbor.
hood of the Bay of San Francisco, in the Upper
California, nnd taken up llieir nbode there. 'They
reporl Oregon ns n poor country—notbingiihe 'h®
one il was represented to them to be—and appear
thankful that tlie opporiunily has been uffbrded litem
of leaving it nnd reaching a more fruitful nnd pen-
iul clime. So productive is Hie land in tlio neigh
borhood of Sun Francisco, that one bushel of«heat
sown frequently yields n crop ofsevenlyfivebush
els, and this with very litlie »ro <ble, while the c!i*
male is so dry and pure thut sickness is almost un
known. To illustrate the remarkable dryness of
the climute, iris hut necessary Instate that »h(tl
vehicles, furnilur, &c. manufactured in New Eng
land of the best seasoned timber, shrink up shortly
after reaching tbit section of California and fall to
pieces unioss overy precaution Is taken. Ameri
can emigrants aro constantly arriving ami settling
a' the Sacramento and other streams emptying ,B ‘
to tiio Bay ofSan Francisco. At the Verb* Buena
the English is the principal language spoken, mo
Alcalde being on American, and the lime i* net far
distant witen litis part of California will teem with
Anglo Saxon civilization und tlie thrifty product*
of Anglo Saxon Imud*.
From tub Sandwich Islands.—The New York
Journal ol Commerce has u file of tiie Polynesia
and Friend, to tlie 24 nf September, 1844.
On tlie 23d ol Jinx ,usl, Hie Chiefs of
Httnliioc und Uuraburu tendered to Lord Beorgo
l’uulel tlie cession of their Islands, for liis Govern -
incut, that they might bu protected from "*
French. Lord Geurge declined accepting ll "j
cession, on tlio ground thut tlie Fret fit claime
Hie leeward islands us well as tlio ollieis ut tl'U- *
cieiy Group, a* being under llieir aulhoriiy.
Tim merchants w ill bo interested to know t
the government, in order to meet tlm exigencies o
tlio treasury, intend raising lite import duties trot
llieir nruseul rutu lo 5 per cent, advuloretn.—”
yncsian.
Conscientious Prisoner.—Tho people of '® r
moot lire celebrated tbu world over for flora i ^
and tipiiglitiiuss— but we were not made awuro ^
lately tlint even llieir convicts were among
trust worthy men in the community. Tnc Y|e
ry says, a young man recently urrived at ” ’
| iu f,iu stage, uud applied for udn’issinn in tlm
Prison, kliowing the papers which entitled , i( j
residence there. It seems lie had been c< ’ n,l ‘| ia
ut Montpelier lor some offence, sentenced to
8utu Prison forBix month*, and in order 1° #
expense, wus liltod out with liis papers, am **
Windsor by stage, without sheriff or other sue" -
On reselling Woodstock, Hie singe by ncctaa*
him; hot lie ooolly waited* day or two or
next stage !