Newspaper Page Text
HHOW OP
MBUG.
Ol* 1 *orfiftYuifg<MtffJitf;
sss
pie nr fibre gun. i
•lioriir, while the yield grew lee*.
It ie hie firm coneiellon, ihet If the America
Oarfeeddre will recollect iHeteome iwoor three ' teed be planted nver*nd o»er ngeln In tlie •aim
« yceraege wcttatf oeoceion to tomMt the notion
crMoh eondry paper* were endeavoring to eatabliah,
Ibet American Cotton could be aueeeaafully culii
noted in India, and ao much mure cheaply than
■ C (• the United 8l»to*. that it would toon compel the
t vi flwMherti cotton plautcra to lorn their hand* to
soil, in India in Jive yreri it will totally cease l.
mature any cotton whatever I He also any-, bj
changing it to other diatricu, it tnuy be made i>
yield something a few year* longer but would ul‘i
inatoly run out.
J3BB e deubt, In' the Atlantic State* we
think the falling off will be felly one-third from the
crop ol Inal year. From the gulf Stales also, tlm
a ccuunte lately are of euch a character as to induce
the belief, that the supply will be muterielly short
ened alao in that quarter. The highest estimate
now placed upon the anticipated receipts of Cot
Ion in New Orleans, the present seuson, is 1 100,-
000 bales, whilst u much greater lulling off is ex
pected at Mobile. In our own Slate and Georgia,
tho lulling till' of the supply will be still greater.
Wo confidently predict, that the growing crop, not*
withstanding it will he materially short from last
year, will nett the planters more in t|io aggregate
than the tremendous crop which ims just gone tor-
ward.—Ham. Jour.
other product. For want of tho requisi
fkots, wo were at that time unable to demolish the
twmbeg to effectually na to force ita advocates to
Mrreuder,—nbltough we believe we produced con-
cietiou in unprejudiced minds. Since that date,
the experiments then In progress in India, under
the direction of experienced Americun cotton.
■sowers, have been brought to a conclusion, and
Cave resulted in ait utter failure. The purticulara
■re attted hi the annexed extract of a letter from
IheNeweYork correspondent of the Washington
Union,—the same who has corresponded for us ex*
lenaively, unlnl the signatures of Manhatl, nn, Hen-
txeUe, Putnam, La Snllo, &c.
New-Yurx. Sept. 22,1845.
Tho Zenobia, which arrived at Ihia port on Sa
turday morning last, from Calcutta, E>st Indies,
brought home one of the American cotton pluniers,
who, tome five years since, entered the service of
the Hon. East Indin Company, ns a superintend
ent of cotton farms, in their extensive experiment
made to grow American Colton in that region, and
to improve the cultivation of native Cotton. I
have had much conversation with Mr.T., who went
from Mississippi; and alter having served the Go.
veramenl for five years, the term of his engage
ment, has returned us stured, in the Zenobia. llo
has communicated to me much vnluuble and inter-
eating information in relation tolndiu.
Ho estimates the experiment bus cost the Go
vernment about 9500.000, and that it has resulted
in tire most complete and signal failure !
In 1640. an ngenl of the Government came to
the United Status, and repaired to Louisiana nnd
Mississippi, where I lie growing of Colton has been
Carried to the greatest state of perfection, and
where he ongagetl ten Americans, who hud been
employed in superintending Cotton estates in that
acction of the Union for severul years. They
were wrell recommended by tho most respectable
planters. They left with the agent fur India, via
England, and look with them large quantities of
the best American cotton seed, agricultural im
plements, cotton gins, presses, &c.
The planters were engaged ul an average sulu.
ry ol'ubout £3000 each, with an ullowunce for suit-
aiaience of £100 more. Each entered into a con
tract to remain in the service of the company five
years, and to conduct the experiments in such
. parts ol littliu as the Government should point out.
Of the leu persons thus engaged, three after ihu
first year returned home, being paid their salaries
up to the tuns of leaving, hut were left to bear their
own expenses huine,-|wbile, according to the agree*
tnent, those who remained five years were to have
nil their expenses borne from America to India,
nnd from thence, at the expiration of the service,
back to the United States. Seven of the put ty re
mained to the end of their engagement—one ol
whom is Mr. T., who has just arrived in the Zeno
bia.
He says, on reaching India, their party were
distributed to different parts of the Indian empire,
in order that tlie experiment might be tested in re-
Terence to the different soils und varieties of cli
mate in the vast empire.
One (Mr. T.) tvns placed at Calpee. in the dis
trict of Bundtlcund. Another was stationed at
Uuruckpore, under the Nepal hills ; another in
Doonb ; another wns located in Soomapoore, an
other at Hume poore, in the povince of Banda ;
another at Runtli, in Bundelpnre ; another in
Coimbatore and at Surat, on the western side of the
peninsula.
After experiinen'ing a year or lwo.nt euch place,
without prospect of success, they were changed to
other localities, so as to give every district in lu-
diu, as far us possible, a trial. Mr. T. wus chang.
ttd from Bundelcund to Kungpole, Northern India;
near the base, and in full view of the Himalaya
mountains, which were covered with perpetual
anow. Others were changed to Dalttvar, in the
southern Muhrnttu country.
The American planter placed at Rantch. during
• rebellion which commenced witli the Decoy Is,
(lobbers,) had his premises attacked, his houses
sacked and burnt, barely escaping witli his life and
the clothes he wore.
In every part of India where the Americans tri
ed the cultivation ofcotlon, nnd endeavored to in.
struct the natives in the best mode of culture, they
moat signally failed '. Those who remained used
every exertion to succeed, as they wore liberully
paid, having ever faculty granted that they could ask
with the expectation of being handsomely rewarded
if they succeeded.
Mr. T. thinks the two great and insuperable dif
ficulties, in llte way uf cultivating cotton in India,
ere nlltibuted to the Iwogreut extremes of dry and
wet weather, eilhur of winch is peculiarly fntul In
cotton. During the continuance of the runty sea.
son, the cotton plants begin in grow witli unwonted
luxuriance and rapidity,to be as suddenly checked
and cut off by the intense heal of the sun, which
pours upon litem during the succeeding dry sell,
son. When tho dry weather sets in, the sun ripens
the bolls prematurely, when apparently nut more
than halt grown while tho leaves of the plant are
Crisped unci burnt to a brown color by lie intensity
of the solar beet.
In lower Bungal, the rainy season commences
late in May, and continues till October. In cen
tral India, the rainy season begins about the mil-
die of July, and lasts till from the 1st to the 15th uf
September.
In lower Bengal as much ns TO inches of rain
usually falls in twelve months. In central India,
no crops cun he anticipated witli much less then 13
inches of ruin. Eleven inches never fails to result
in • famine, which is dreadful in its effects upon the
natives.
lu addition to the unconquerable difficulties of
the climate, the cotton planl is exposed to tho fatal
attacks of destructive insects. There is one,
which lays an egg in the flower of llte plant. Be.
fore the hull mulures, the worm forms within it,
which feeds upon tho green and tender fibres of
the Cotton, eating out all the cotton within the boll
hafure it matures ; leaving only a luck or two in
some holis, or pods, while, in others, not a fibro is
left. In some parts of India it ia ulso subject to the
attacks of while ants, which cut down the plants
while young, or uliuck the young pods, and cut
them off.
All that tho Americans could do, with their best
exertions, only enabled them to raise, on tlie aver
age, about loo pounds of clean cotton to the acre
from llte best American cotton seed, and only sev-
enty pounds of clean cotton In the acre from native
India cotton seed.
Mr. T., before leaving Mississippi to go to In.
4ia, superintended a cotton ostate near Rodney, in
that State, in 1839. on which lie raised over nine
hundred prounds of clean cotton to the ucre ! He
My*, that year lie made a line crop, actually send,
ing to market two hundred bales of good cotton,
averaging four Itundrod & fifty pound* each, from
ninety six aerosol land! What a contrast, this,
to cropping in India !
Mr. P. one of the American cotton growers who
spent to India, and was stationed at Gorucpore, pul
twa hundred acres In cotton, from which he gnilter*
ad only two hundred pounds of clean cotton t i he
most tlusre acta to Coimbatore could do, was to
raise in a favorable year, two hundred pound* of
«o«d cotton to tlie acre, equal to about fifty pound*
uf clean cotton ! The most Mr. T. could do, was
to raise, tho first year, ten pounds of clean cotton
from American cotton Med of tho Mexican variety,
{the best,) and seventy pounds of native cotton,
to llte acre. He says the Amerlcau seed carried
out front about Rodney, (the best in America, da*
HENRY CLAY’a FARM.
A correspondent of the Cleveland Herald thus
describes Mr. Clay’s residence.
The city of Lexington, adjoining which is
Aslilund, is a neat and flourishing inland town, of
some eight thousand inhabitants. It is ihu centre
f mi extensive range of country, second lu iio
othur in fertility, benuty and cultivation. About
ouo mile cast from this city is Ashland, tile farm
and home of HENRY CLAY. His house is u
liundsoine nnd atibsiunlin! edifice, Ihu main body
about forty fool by fifty, with wings of proportion
ate dimensions. It stands in the midst of a pro.
fusion of venerable forest trees, evergreens and
shrubbery, upon a geiitlu elevution in the centre of
u lot containing nbutil fifty acres, and is some for
ty rotls iron tlie roud. A serpentine carriage.w ay
leads through the grove to the house, nnd numer
ous pathways tastefully arranged, beautify his ex
tensive grounds. His house is plainly hut well
luriiisbed, containing many choice olid valuable
vidnnees of the respect and affection of his coun
trymen.
Than there is a stone cheese house and a stone
butter.house, Ashland lining celebrated lor the
quantity ami quality uf the butter numb thereat.
Ills eaiekeii-liouse, dove-house, stables, barns and
-beds, tire nil in perfect repair, spacious, neat and
in order. His frail and vegetable garden contains
about four acres, und ini's arrangement,I suiv
Mrs. Clay giving personal directions. There is
also n large green house, filled with choice plants
and beautiful llowets.
His negro collages arc exceedingly comfortable,
ail white.wished, ulean an well furnished, and plea-
, ly of floweis in ihu windows, and abuut lhe dwell,
ings. His slaves possess more of llio comforts of
life, have better dwellings, are bettor clothed, nnd
work less than a majority of the duy laborers oftlie
Morth. *1 have never seen an establishment in any
country, in all its departments, furnish so runny
proofs of domestik oumfort, permanent and usefnl
arrangement, united with such exceeding good taste
and unpretending elegance.
Mr. Clay’s lurm contains about 800 acre- ; nnd
in all my wanderings, including even New England
I have never seen the same number of acres inn
body, as handsome, as productive, as well fenced,
and as well cultivated. His wood land is cleared
of ull underbrush und deud woud—his fields are
enclosed with good fences, with the top rails all on,
and not u weed or u briar in tlie corners—hjs hemp
fields, &c., uro prepared with the skill and care of
a tin illy former—und he hasten ucre* of corn,
upon which he bus bestowed extra labor nnd alien,
ti m with the view ol ob'aiuing the premium.
Then there are his fine-blooded cunle. sin
und horses, apportioned off into lots, according to
ago, and the use and purposes fur which they are
designed. Indeed, there is no spot in or uljout his
residence or farm that will not furnish evidence of
his being a thrifty, profitable and practical farmer.
True it is Hint 1 bud read and heard much of Mr.
Guy, us the “Furtnerjof Aslilund,” uut 1 regarded
him as what is termed ‘a gentleman farmer'—as
bne who hud a farm, but knew little and eared less
hotv it was cultivated. But let any one walk with
Mr. Clay over his broad acres—notice bis intimate
knowledge of every tiling pertaining to farming—
hear him relate Itotv lie prepares and improves bis
lauds, changes his crops, improves his slock, and
yearly renders more nnd more productive and pro.
fituble his extensive plantation—ai d lie will then
see with his own eyes that one of tlie best, practi
cal nnd most useful farmers, in this or any other
country, is Henry Clay, tlie Farmer of Ashland;
und be will also see and learn that the best butter
and cheese in the Lexington market are made by
Mrs. Clay, tho wife of the “Farmer of Ashland.”
mm
A GREAT MORAL TRIUMPH.
Now that tho election is over in 'lie State ol
Maryland, and its results ascertained, we are au
thorized in representing it a great triumph of lltosi
principles of law and of public fuiilt which it ba
been our lubor and our pride, und that oftlie VVItig
party generally, to uphold against those who hub
dually und systematically war against both.
Tito late entirely Whig Representation of Mu.
ryland in Congress was ns putcly an accident ns
wus the late toss of (lie Congressional election in
the Baltimore district. The Whig strength in tin
Stale did not, neither did any calculation uf ncci
dents, justify tho expectation ot any similar result
ut tlie election which lias jasl taken place. N
man of any parly therefore looked for it. Tho
Whigs ought to Ituvo curried three, and perhaps
four out of (lie six Congressional districts. Why
they did not, is sufficiently known to our readers.
Happily, in llte present slute of parties, the loss of
member* in the House of Representatives, howev
er to lie regretted, is not of us much consequence'
a* it would be were parlies more equally divided
Ilian they now ure.
The severest otdeul to which Representative
Government can be subjected.every body knows,
is llte necessity for heavy direct and indirect tuxu.
lion. Tlie. greatest trial of '.lie integrity nnd cour.
age of uny annual legislative body is precisely such
as thut which the late House of Delegates pussed
through, acquitting itself with firmness und lionur.
It rtinuined to be seen whether there was inlelli
jonce enough, and public spirit enough, in the Ira.
dy oftlie people, to sustain the measures of those
faithful public servant*, so as to secure the Slute
iliul full ndvantuge from them which will always
surely follow porseverance itt tlie maintenance of
llte public faith, uttd consequently llte public crod.
it.
Tlie Seriate of the State, it is t rue, wns already
safe against uny rash, radical, or repudiating
schemes, suclt us could lead only to disusler und
disgrace. But we desired some evidence, through
llte ballot-box, that there was virtue enough ill llte
People to sustain lltoir public servants in doing
Iteir duty, and doing it liko men, under circuin-
,unices iii which legislators in oilier States, preferr
uga fleeting popularity to the permanent welfare
of their State, have ignominious!)' shrunk from the
responsibility.
This evidence Ims been afforded by the Into e-
lection in Maryland, not in llte merely obtaining u
Whig majority, but also in the firmness manifest
ed by the Whigs in the counties in which they bure-
ly failed of choosing the candidates. The moral
spectacle afforded by the county of Frederick, for
example—the great battle field of principle—is u»
imposing as though the Whigs had succeeded in
electing every Delegate by n majority of hundred*.
The same may be said of o:her counties similar,
ly situated.
We say that llte result of llte election in Mury*
land, whether considered in reference loiter own
interests, or in lltu lignt of an example to oilier
Stales, is a great moral tiiumph, worthy in every
respect of her ancient fume.
Prospects op the Planter.—We consider the
prospects ol our Planters at this lime, altogether
more cheering than for some lime past. The news
brought to lilts country from England und the Con
tinent, by the Steamer Brittania, is of it very grail,
fying character to the growers of Cotton. Tliero
had been very heavy sales of the staple at a con.
siderablc advance upon lormer prices, large quan-
liliea of which had been taken on speculation. The
prospect* of tlie hsrvest presented a more cheering
feature than we had been led to believe, nnd mut
tors upon the whole, wear a much better aspect
than wo had anticipated. That tlie crop of Cot
ton iu the U. State* will bo short, wo think ihero is
[From the N. Y. Jotr. of Com., Oct. 4.]
ARRIVAL OF THE CAMBRIA.
nrraaa days latxh from kuropk.
The ateamer Cambria. Captain Judkins, arrived
at East Boston at half past 5 on Tuesduy afternoon
having made the pnssuge in 13 days. She biought
83 passengers. We Ituve received by Iter our re-
gulur files of Loudon papers to Sept. 18, uud the
European Times to the 19th.
The stute ul Europe continues tranquil, and
there is no political news of an important cltaruc-
er. Tlie apprehension of scarcity wns removed
in England, and in France, by a succession of fine
weather, for two or thtee weeks, allhquglt the crop
did not promise to be so abundant as that of lust
year. Tito pulatoe disease had prevailed to an
alarming degree in some parts ot England, and
also in Belgium, Franco and oilier parts of Eu
rope.
The cotton market had sustained the improve
ment which was reported by the last stenmer, und
during tlie last sales had been nctive and to a large
amount.
Tlie general average of prices of wheat re
turned for the regulation of the duly, for the six
weeks ending Sept. 6, was 55s. lOd. The aver
age of the lust week, corresponded exactly with
tho average of the six. The rate of duly was 17s.
per quarter. •
The rate of discount for commercial paper in
London was 2 a 2 3-4 per cent, per annum.
Queen Victoria had returned from her visit to
Germany, and gone to Osborne House, iu tlie Isle
of Wight, where she arrived on llte 1 Oils.
The Journal des Debats says :—“Queen Vic
toria iniglit-froni Antwerp or Ostend have crossed
over to England in a fetv hours, but for llte pleas
ure of shutting bands witli tlie King of the French
she preferred to that short voyage remaining on
board the royul yacht 30 hours. Before landing
at Treporl on Monday morning, site hud not slept
on shore from tlie time she left Cologne, on Friday
evening; The French on Iter arrivui, testified by
loud acclamations their approbation of tito signal
proof of friendship given by Iter to their august
chief, and ut which it is impossible nut lu be affect
ed, considering that it is the pledge of tlie repose
and happiness of the whole world.”
Parliament tins been further prorogued to the
27th of November.
Tlie iron shipbuilders, Messrs. Hodgson & Cm.
of Liverpool uro building un iron Ship of 1200
tons burden, llte first of a line of steamers betwe en
New Yurk uud Liverpool.
Tlie steamship Hibernia from Boston Sept. 1.
arrived at Liverpool, at 7 o’clock, on the morn it ig
of tlie 13tlt, liuving made Iter pass age in less th an
12 days. Tito Great Briinin which left N. Yor k,
Aug. 36, arrived ut 7 o'clock on tlie morning of t lie
15tli, liuving m ide the passage in less titan 16 dir ,s.
Her passengers published an uddi-ess to tho puhi ic,
expressing their gratification at the ease nnd act jo.
modntion afforded by tlie vessel, and their bid ief
that it is capable ofbeing made to work with nil 'ch
greater speed.
London,Sept. 18—Evening.3 o’clock.
There lias been much more business done to
day in tlie share market, and prices nre in con. se
quence firmer. A reference to our usual list » ill
exhibit the rise and fall in qoointion*. Consuls for
money 98 14 to 3 8 and 99 3 8 to 1-2 lor ac
count.
Importation of Foreign Grain.—It is stated tt tat
orders have been aunt out from this country with in
llte Inst two mouths to llte amount of three millia ns
sterling, for the importation of foreign grain unc er
the expectation that it wilt be required before tlie
harvest of 1840, either lu be mixed with Engl islt
grain or lu he used separately.
London, Sept. 17.
The weuther wus still bad at Paris an 15llt, w .tit
every appearance of its continuing so. Tlie eq ui-
noctiul gales were supposed to have contmenci id,
but in must quarlers llte harvest tvns complete ly
finished. Letters from Nunles of tho 1 lilt im rl.
siule tliul the harvest tvas over iu that part uf Br it-
tnuy, und that, on the whole, the produce wns mu* dt
greater iliuu had been expected. The quality of
(lie grain, moreover hud been a little impaired by
tlie inclemency of the sensem.
Liverpool. Sept. 19.
Tltp fine weather which prevailed at tlie date of
our last publication, continued uninterruptedly u. i
til Tuesday Iasi. Since then I ho elements liav c
changed, ruin Ims fallen in torrents, and the me r-
cury is still low. But the beautiful weather whir h
Ims prevailed during tlie last tw > or three week *,
Ims, inu great measure, saved tho crops ; weuthe r
more propitious for harvest operations cannot b i
imagined, nnd in ull directions tlie fanners hat e
been Inking advantage of it. A great deal of th e
outstanding tvlteut and oats have been secured, ar d
if the unfavorable change should continue, it cat i-
not be productive of much serious injury. But th e
lung continued wet, and tlie absence of tvnrintl t,
Ituve operated injuriously upon the quality ns we ll
as tlie quantity uf the new crops. The yield of th ic
grain which bus been threshed out is light and of
inferior qtmliiy, and the accounts from nil parts of
llte country on this head ure nearly uniform. W 'e
have passed through llte ordeal better limn ecu Id
Ituve been expected u mouth ago; hut. owing to
the inferiority of the crops, and the almost genet •
ut failure of the pulalou crops hero und elsetvhor f,
the grain markets all over the kingdom have bee n
rising of late. This state of things bus been im-
influenced, to sumo extent, by the failure of llit >
rice crop in Cuiulinn, and by tho drought which Ita s
injured moro or less tlie crops iu llte Northeri t
Slates but mainly it is at'.ributublo to the getters I
failure uf the potato crop here und on the cuminen t.
and to the inferiority ol llte presuut as comparer I
with former years’ grain. A glance at our murke t
returns will show how fur those combined cause s
have operated. The probability is, iliul guud, i f
not high prices, will beoulnined, during llio ensu--
ittg winter, fur most descriptions of food ; and ul
though matters would Ituve been much worse if out
home harvest hud been less productive, a number
of other circumstances—amongst them the floodt
which have destroyed the wheal in ihegreni corn
fields of Northern Europe, the valleys of Vistula
nnd tlie Elbe—will operate to prevent cheap food,
(luring the next twelve months.
The British Navy —During the past week the
greatest activity lias prevailed in llio different tie'
partinents ol the Admirably. The dockyards aro
being increased in number of artisans and quanti
ties of stores of nil descriptions. The Lurds of
the Admirably,now that they have put the ordina
ry into llio most efficient slate, nre concentrating
their ullention un the conversion uf Ilia old line of
halile.ships and frigates into steam guard ships, to
he propelled by the screw. These steam guard
ship* are to bo brought forward immediately; in
fact some of them Ituvo already been taken in
hand,
Liverpool, Sept 19.
The prosent excited stale of affairs iu tho Uni
ted States, srising out of the Mexican dispute, and
the feeling which, for no wise or pacific puntose,
has been evoked there to preveot a speedy and sat
isfactory adjustment pf the Oregon question—these
combined cause* are aaid to have determined the
government to increase inuteriull) our force in
Canada, and the North American colonies. 8neh
is the curieut rumor* of the dsy.—Enropemn
Tints.
London, Sept. 18th.
Wo have already referred to the extraordinary
warlike preparations that nre muking at the nuvul
yards of llte kingdom, betokening some iodicn.
it, os of an anticipation thut pence nitty he inter.
I'Upied, We now find, from another und distant
qmarter,u further coufirma'.iua ul these appreheii
sions on llte purl of the governors of llte West la
d ia colonies Ituve received instructions from the
u.flicu ul home to re-embody the Colonial Militia,
v/hiclt. for sumo years past have been in ubeyunce;
n.ltd as then: is nothing in the internal condition ol
i hese colonies to render such a force necessary,
I iu ittferei.ee is that this precaution is required by
s ome darkening clouds in our foreign relations.
F'rimce and America arc the only two countries
li y which llte West indies could be assailed. With
m liiult of these powers are we likely to cornu into
collision ; or, is there u chance Iliul we may have
lluein both un our hands at the auine time 1 The
r xertious that are muking to equip steam.vessels ot
c jnsiderable power and force, leave the particular
i- aunty unoeriuin. Steam vessels in a war with
F rance would be indispensable, both for offensive
u nJ defensive operations, but, ubove all, fur tlie
p refection of our trade. Again steam vessels are
jt ist that description of force I list could bu most
e ffeulually brought into operation in a war with
I Miiericn. They are the class of vessels best suit -
t d for llio rivurs uf that country ; they could car
t y tvur into tlie very heart of the United Status ;
t, ley could keep every town and village iu a con
s ;uni state of alurm for its safety. Steam ships
II ten, will apply equally to France or America, and
it ollting can be decidedly inferred from tlioir equip-
tent. But llte block slops—these, us wo ituve
.town in un article yesterday, can only bu intend
d to resist u French Invnsiuii. They could not
t c made available iii America, or iu uny otiierdis
I tut quarter ; they uro a Channel, und not n trims-
lloulic armament—n defensive, not un offensive
I jrce. Our speculations, we admit, may bo vision-
a ry, but they are certainly speculations, which we
I: even right to entertain. The equipment uf the
dvnneed ships may have no oilier intention than
l to putting llio country into that stale of maritime
p reparation which we have always contended is
i jdispeusuhlo to her position ns a groat naval, com-
i rterciul, uud colonial empire. Still there is nil
i urnesme&s und n baste ill bringing them forward
i rial would betoken sumetliing mure than a mere
I annul matter of routine, a mere concession to
p ublic opinion ; while tlie connecting links, the
b lock ships und tlie Colonial Militia—appeal to in
d icate a want of confidence in our present pacific
r eiu ions with other countries.—Shipping Gaz.
Isthmus of Panama.—Fresit interest lias been
a .(inched to llte loiig-ugiluied question of llte pier-
< dug of the Isthmus ol Pnnntnn, by the remarks
i nado thereupon tty the National Intelligencer, ol
iVnsliington, and other journals. After an exurni-
i mliun uf tlie recunmieiiduiiutis given by American
■ tnginccrs (an account ol which, tube intelligible,
would occupy ton much space,) the Parisian jour
mils assure their Americun contemporaries that
1 .hey nre mistaken iu supposing that France and
England want to monopolize the gigantic under
taking, and witli it the gigantic advantages of cut-
ting through the neck of land which separates the
two uceuns. America, they say, hus, both us a
mu ill line and a powerful nation, an indisputable
right to be associated in whatever muy be under
taken by France alone, or by France and Eng'and
united, for the accomplishment of this object.
Greul us the object is, I fear llml it will be long be
fore anything else be dune towards it tliuu talking
and writing.
BELGIUM.
Brussels. Sept. 16.—Our crop of potatoes is al
most entirely destroyed, in most plucus a thirtieth
part not being wurth anything, and even in the pla
ces where the disease hus made llio least ravage*,
only n sixth part being preserved. This is a ter
rible calamity, potaioes being tlie chief part of the
’ food of the greuler part of our population. In
compliance with the general wish of tho country,
ministers have issued a royal ordinance, decreeing
the admission of wheal and uil kinds of curn, to
gether with potaiues, dec. duly free, and forbidding
die cxpurlation of such uriiclej. The corn law
passed last session by the Chamber will, us a con.
sequence uf this ordinance, not receiving the royul
assent.
The Chambers are convoked for the 16ih, in on
extraordinary session.
Tlie new Course at Amsterdam was opened with
greul ceremony, on the 19th inst. by the King und
royal family of the Netherlands.
Brussels, Sept. 16.—A Royal decree husjust ap
peared ia the Munileur, sanctioning the lormulion
of a committee for tlie purpose ol examining anti
discussing the must practical means of improving
the condiiioir ot the working clusses. und ulso for
the purpose of directing tlie utlenlion of govern
ment to useful foreign institutions for the benefit
of the ubove clusses, ill order that similar estab
lishments may be formed here. This committee
will be merely a deliberating one, ami will be at'
inched to tlie uffiee oftlie Minister ol Justice. The
British Queene wns sold yesterday, liy public auc
tion, lu Mr. Reynwit, of Antwerp, lor two hundred
und thirty eight thousand irancs, The sale is not
yet confirmed by tlie government. Tlie furniture
will bu pul up fur sulu next week.
FRANCE.
Paris. Sept. 16.—Mexico and tlie United Slates
Ituve again occupied much of the nitei.liun oftlie
I’lirisiuii journalists; but ull thut bus been said may
tie summed up in one line—either that there will
bu no war at all, or tbnt,ifn war, tlie United Stales
will completely crush their puny udversnry. The
recent urrivuls from Mexico have cuusid some lit
tle surprise, lor they show that England is desirous
thut peucu be maintained, whereas it wus thought
tliut she would not only iucile Mexico to hostilities,
ant supply llte means fur carrying lhem on.
Comments have been made by (lie leading jour
nals oil llio documents rotative to the external coin
inurce of the United Slates, lately published by or
der of the American Government. The general
feeling appears to be surprised at the gigantic
growth ul commerce of tile country of the “Young
Democracy;” mid one or two of Hip journals draw
.ho conclusion tlini, in course of time, Americu
\ill succeed in completely breaking down uud
I’aturping the vast (rude carried on by Great Britain
i riili every country in the world. On every other
i |uestiuu, us well as this, the French press nffecls to
i hink Iliul the decadence of Great Britain draws
ligh.uiid that the United Stu'eswill be the most
iciivo contributors towards, if not tho sole uuilior*
if, her humiliation and ruin,
SWITZERLAND.
Our letters from ibis country dwell much upon
t rie agitated slute of lliu country, but give no du-
l lils worth repenting. The people of Bunin tire
inch excited; and il is believed that wh' li ihu bar
est shall huvo been got in, ull Switzerland will be
i> gain in a slate of convulsion. At present the
p uople ure too much occupied to make tvur upon
e uch oilier, but the disposition is not wanting.
SPAIN.
Madrid. Sept. 9.—On the evenihg of the 5th, a
number of disaffected persons attempted to create
an insurrection. Incited by persons ul importance,
about three hundred ol the lower clusses assembled,
armed with sticks and guns, and after a lime com
menced an attack on tile liurrucks del Posilo, where
s lodged the regiment o.' Nuvnrre. Some of the
officers and men had previously been gained over,
but llio regiment remained true, and, on the word
of commund, poured a murderous fire on the ag
endums. An officer was killed, and several per*
sons were wounded. The troops having subse
quently sallied from llio barracks, the insurgents
wero pul to flight, and several were urrevted.
Mudrid (hen became tranquil, and still remain so.
M. Hilar*, tn* eminent-French siatusniuti, Its*
arrived in Madrid, and ia heiug feted with all tlie 1
lionets our Ministers and aristocracy can show.
People sre beginning to think that il i« time for
the Nuvnrz Miuisliy to tall. It is tyrannical, bru
iul und unjust; but ulas! it would probably be suc
ceeded by another Ministry every bit as bad.
Tho queens are expected to lie back to Madrid
by the 25tltur 20lh, and the Cortes will probably
he opened ill October, though some accounts slain
ut a much later period.
GERMANY.
Berlin. Sept. 9.—The congress of the Zollvrrlen
at Cnrtsrliuo is pursuing its deliberations. Nothing
positive us to its intentions cun be yet known, but,
us I Ituve said in previous letters, liters is iio doubt
il will declure in favor of a positive policy lowurds
German iminufuclures, tIml is to say, il will fix such
a high duty on unpurted articles as shall Ituve tlie
effect of preventing their sail ia German mutkets.
One part uf the Congress proposes to pul on extra-
vugamly high duties, but the other wurmly opposes
tliul, because, us it justly says, it will prevent tlie
uianuliictui'era from < xerlitig themselves to effect
improvements or to lessen prices.* Russia is in fa-
vor of a moderate policy—indeed she is about the
most liberal of any in llte Congress; but unfortu
nately she bus only one vote, like the moat trumpery
m
. HTATJE OF T Raima, ,
Natters In llte Various iMnuftotaskM (btlrkis have
proceeded satisfactorily. 'The favorable prospects of
the hsrvest have given an impetus to Ike vsriocs, hu v
era w ho frequent tlie cloth halls of Leeds, MuiMrn(|„|j
See. Prices sre rather on the rise. Minsk* »(
Leeds and Huddersfield are low. Tlie market at H,sd-
lurd IS III a nourishing condition. For all tvootw) l*|,[
rics there is a good demand. Merinos find a (f ,F
i-ale at firmly supported prices ; there is aim „
demand tor Yarns. Ill the Rochdale Flannel nia ,| -rt
tin re is in null animal ion ; a lirirlt demand is experienc.
td lor pieces, and prices, although nut changed, been
very steadily maintained. At BoIk i’. rvery branch uf
industry is brisk ; counterpanes meet a ready sale
whilst yarns are much inquired alter. Both the |ir;nt,.,j
and bleachers in the locality of Bolton are very liiow
In .Manchester tho market lias been uellultendcd and.i
good amount of business transacted. Prices seem d
posed to advance, especially nn 20’s water imst y lrn ’
1JAVKB. Sept. 15—Cotton.—Notwithstanding ai 1
apprehensions as to a abort crop of Wheat are now
dispelled, market quite dull, not moro than 800 bales
having changed hands daily. There has beeu.houev.
er, iio great desire in holders to ran tiff (heir stocks, and
prices, although but feebly supported, cannot be said
to have undergone any alteration, although it if not
improbable, Unit in order to effect exlensivo sales a
slight concession would have been unavoidable. Sates
front tlie 7th tn 15th Sept.,2822 bales N.Orleans52f.Sn
a 81f.; 1373 Mobile 65f. a 78(.; 1056 Upland 60150 (
principality, and iter moral influence is not stifli- l ^4f* Slock, -Bst Aug. t 1845, 94.400 78,000 Anitri-
1 1 ^ , n I J ■ rftn * I** 0 * vnttr lMM.nllll 11 If I IlflO Amnsissn
cient to outweigh bermuu obstinacy and wrong
Iteudediiess. Two of her agents have already
last year 133,500—100,000 American.
HAVRE, Sept. 16.—We have experienced a fair
inst. sum up 16,500 bales, of which 4 a 5000 bales c„
speculation. Fur tho last few days, liowover, the mar.
kel had been dull, with a decided downward lendcncv
in the face of a stock now reduced to 62,500 bale*, of
aD soils. We quote, to-day, bas 1.55; iresordin, 64,nr.
din. 08; bon ordin. 72; petit cour, f.76, which e6tab.
fishes a decline of f.l to 2.
thrown up their missions, from the violent hostility dvD'®" 1 * lor Upland Cntton, and the sales since the Ut
1 fit. 7 mot on in tin lit .^f III l,eloe nf urliinl.il n f^Ulit L i
winch their more enlightened views encuunteieu.
The United Stales Ituve, 1 believe, sent over an :
agent to negotiate, it possible, a treaty with the ^
Zullverien, which shall exempt their inunufuciures 1
from the meditated exclusion, but I doubt much {
that ho will succeed.
Thu negotiations for a treaty between this coun. I
try and Brazil have been broken off, Prussia huv. !
ing declared thut site will not, and cannut, admit
Bruziliun produce, unless Iter own manufactures I
aro admitted on lnvorable terms iu the Brazilian |
markets. |
The new religion is pretty much in the same
state as it was when I lust noticed it. In some
places its apostles are received witli favor, in otli.
tits they are petted and ducked. The police of
Berlin have forbidden religious und political d is -
cussions in the cafes; and Rouge uud Czerki, the
two chiefs of the new faith (by llte bye, they have
fallen out, und are now ubusing each oilier lustily,)
Ituve been fur bidden to voyage ubout the kingdom.
The Mein and the Danube Ituve been at length
united by u canal. This great work wus designed
by Chtii leniutige. and bas been finished by the King
of Bavaria.
The Pastor Ronge.—M. Ronge arrived at Dies.
Inu on the 8tli inst.. on bis way to Brieg, to preach.
He was arrested by tlie pulice, but ufter u short de
tention was permitted to continue bis journey.
ITALY.
Rome. Sept. 4.—The Pope is, I am sorry to say,
in u declining slute of hcullh. He is sadly plagued
with a cancer iu the nose. Being upwards of
eighty years of age, it is not likely that, witli his
muludies, he wilt long be spured. He is a good-
hearted, well meaning, pious man, and is personal,
ly much beloved. Greul severities towards llio
people Ituve been committed in bis nitnie, Inu bis
advisers, and not himself, uro responsible fur them.
RUSSIA.
St. Petershurgh, Sept. 4.—The Empress of Rus.
siu will make a lengthened stay in Italy fur the bett-
efit of her health, which has long been in adecliu.
ing stale. During Iter nbsenco the Emperor tvi'l
visit different parts of the Empire.
A new report from llte scene of operations iu
Cuucusus lias been published, but it is so confused
that it is difficult exactly to understand it. It of
course represents the Russian urmy as having some
successes; but the real truth is, thut though perhaps
it lias really thrashed the mountaineer*, it lias gain,
ed nothing at ull. These Iturdy men fight with des
perate courage, and inflict tumble chastisement on
the Russians to litem make abandon Durgo, which
they gained at such severe cost, At they also in effect
compelled them to withdraw front tt line they hud
established beyond il. Thus, tbough tlie result of
recent encounter* is iu favor ol tlie Russians, they
ure itt retroui—certuiitly they cannot be said to be
advancing. This may appear somewhat contra
dictory, but there is no other way of describing the
truth.
Public opinion (if in n country where a man
daren’t open his mouth on public nffitirs, public
opinion cun be said to exist) tins decidedly declared
against the expedition in Caucasus, and even the
army itself is against it, for there is much suffer,
ing to be endured, little or no honor to be gained.
But the Entperor will on no necount give up Ids
long.cherished object of crushing the Caucassiutts,
cost tvhul il may.
Orders Ituve been sent by our Government to
England and the United States for the construction
of a number of steam vessels. Hopes are, how-
ever, eatertutned, that befote long Russia will bo
perfectly independent of foreign countries for sup.
plies of steam machinery.
GRAND BATTLE IN CIRCASSIA.
Intelligence, via Odessa, Ims been received ol a
battle between the Circassian force* under Sciinmi!
Bey, at,d llte Russian army (56,000 strong,) under
Gen. Woronzofl', who attacked tlie town of Durgo,
the bead quarlers of Schainil. After five days’
hard fighting the Circassians wero obliged to uban.
don tlie fortress to llte enemy, liuving expended all
their ammunition, not, however, without carrying
oITtheir artillery and baggage into the mountains,
rite loss on tho part of Russia is said lu amount
ia killed alone to 8900, among whom uro three
general* and forty oilier officers, and four aides,
de-camp of the commander in-chief. Tlie latter
finding his army so crippled, fur the number of
wounded is enurinuus, was destroying the fortifi.
cation* to retire to Tiflis, to re.organize his force.
Durgo was defended by Sclmlim’s regular troops,
consisting of u corps of Dngusiau Infantry, und
the Russian und Polish deserters from the Empe
ror’s service.
THE MORMON WAR.
Later Intelligence—Another M’jrder.
[Correspondence oj the St, Louis Republican.]
Warsaw, Sept. 18, 1845,
In my letter of yrsterdny. 1 did not allude to the
deutlt of one of tito Anti. Mormons, nunieil Sutnurl
McBrntney, as llte fact was not ascertained Ulll ;|
lute in the night. McBratney was with the party
engaged in hurtling houses on Bear Creek.and |it-d
witli the rest, but be and Mr. Lindsey, who tin
wounded, were on worse horses than the others
and in tlie rear of the company. When lie was
brought to town, I went to see the body, and net.
er saw a p"rson more mangled. The body »#,
interred tint next morning without any shew ot
pnrude ; but his death added much to the excite,
me nt.
The citizens of the township Imd resolved that
tlie Mormons should not live in their township end
they had sent n petition to the Governor requesting
him to Imve ull removed.
The Sheriff’ of Hancock County lias issued a
third proclamation, in which after giving n history
of the outrages that had been committed, he
says:
I have now a posse enmitntus numbering up.
ward* of 2,090 well armed men, firm ami ready to
aid me in suppressing the rial, and in airesting
them. I um happy in informing the citizens Hat
2,000 additional armed men hold themselves iu
readiness to be culled out when necessary,
A Substitute for Coff e.—A letter fremu
gentleman to lion. II. L. Ellsworth, Washington, I
says tlie ripe seeds of the piant okra, much u.-edia
soap, &c., hurtled and used as n coffee, cannot he
distinguished from it, even the be»t Java. Tim 1
seeds ore sown an inch deep in drills, four leet
apart in May. and cultivated like corn or peas. It
yields uhnndantly, and is very healthy. Mr. K.
has the seeds,
cotton market.
Livf.rfool. Sept. 6.—Cotton.—An extensive husi-
ness dune the past week. Speculators have taken 26,.
5(H) American, 370 Egyptian,850 Macaio, and 250 Su
rat, and exporters 1200 American. Sales of tIio week
04,250 bales.
Liverpool, Sept. 12.—Previous prices for cotton are
steadily maintained. Demand hardly exceeded mode
ration during any part of this week, and has not been
animated or lively. The week closes with niuuatioiia
a* before, except for fair Mobile which ts |d. lower.
11,500 American, 500 Surat, and 2000 Egypiiati, taken
on speculation; and 350 American, and 100 Surat, lor
export. Sales, 32,980 bales. Slock 966,690—753,649
American; last year 929.080 — 040 American,
Liverpool, Sept. 18. — Cotton Since Friday, sales
large, market well supplied, and the trade purchase
freely; it considerable business also done by specula
tors, but prices remain unchanged and steadv. Sales
from Friday last, up to this day inclusive, 42,000 bags,
of which 15.500 on speculation.
Liverpuul, Sept. 18.—There has been a steady bu.
sines# doing in cotton cincu the departure of ttin last
steamer, and though our market has nut manifested the
same mentation as then characterized it, yet prices may
generally be considered £d. per ib. higher. The sales
tur the week ending 12th instant, wore 32,98l) bales, of
which 11.000 bales were on speculation. The Ameri
can descriptions sold were 5300 Uplands at 3jj a 5,
13,200 Orleans at 3) a 6, 5600 Alabama and Mobile
ai 3J a 4}, and 80 Sea Island* at 11 a 15d. per Ib. The
bales for the five days ending tins evening are estimated
ai 30.000 bales, of winch 10,000 are on speculauun.
Fair Orleans sre quoted at fij. fair Mobile at 4), and
lair Uplands at 48d. per Ib, Tlie stock in this port ia
placed nt 967,000 bules, against 952,009 at tlie same
period Iasi year.
The harvest has been sn far secured in the most pro.
ductivo districts, that though the weather has again
become wet and unsettled and tlie corn markets are nn
llte rise again from reported damage and defective yield
of wheal as well as uf the probah.e failure to some ex
tent of the potato crop, yelil is still cuosidercd-that the
deficiency cannot be such as to derange the currency
and the money market in any considerable decree if
•t *11.
MR. BUCHANAN AND THE CABINET.
If we were allowed to make a guess, sny* the Rich.
muud Wing, it would be that Mr. Bulk and Ins Cabi
net, imt forgetting Ins “nrgan,” are hear.ily su it of Mr,
Buchanan They don’t li^e ins Old .Vfiudisli B.icik,#
ing Ini hits, nr ins Old Federalism rived in iiiuilcrn Item,
orracy, or, least of all, Ins unquestionable logirsl, anil '
educated superiority. They date not, however, turn
hint out. The Baltimore Fa I riot says :
A loiter from Washington says : ‘-There’is no mote
and no less foundation now than there was in July (nr
the runn^of Mr. Buclianan’e intended resignilin.
Some Who arc in the Cabinet would, no doulil. »i»li
him to resign, hut lie seems to he bent upon holding
his position. It is sonte-what singular that Mr.Polt
should #o long delay to fill Justice Baldwin'# p.'ace,
when lie was so prompt to fill Justice Story's. The I
place seems lu he kept often for Mr. Buchanan to retire
incase lie should, at any tune, see-fit to accepi it."
“The reason that Mr. Polk does not fill Justice BtM- I
will’s vacancy, wesuppuse, is to be found in tlie fad,
that the vacancy dal not “happen daring Hie receti e!
the Senate,” and that, therefore, Mr. Polk has no au
thority to fill it now. Tlie force of opinion decidedly it
that Mr. Buchanan will have the place, ttben the time
arrives lu fill it.”
Concerning the patmenl of interest on Pennry' •
nin bonds, ihu Money articlo uf the London Tuu## ! t
Sept. 19, com ainu the loliowing paragraph :
The creditors of Pennsylvania who iu o .1 **aliiW
with the terms at which their rale s ol n.u rest tt# #
to bo converted into the five per cent flock, are a.'»o «
displeased at finding that stock subject to an iticontc
lax, which reduces the interest to4jj. The circular#!
Messrs. Cninnian, Whiteliruse & Co. of New Yotk,
calls this proceeding a “partial repudiation." Ottilia
other hand, some endeavor to justify it by reference to
our own income tax, which is burne by the foreign
bolder of our stocks. This defence is ttoriby ol con
sideration, ns tlie principle is tlie same iii bulb ca o,
but practically there is a great diffcicnre boiivcen the
foreign creditors of England and those of Potintyiiaiiit.
The latter is chiefly indebted to foreign money for hit
improvements, and her English creditors form a a# 1 * 1
important body. The English stocks are i h dly held
by the English themselves, and the foreign lu,fieri art
a comparatively small number, who, without solicits- |
lion, have purchased our securities. Add tolliMcron-
siderationi the fact that Pennsylvania suspended |»y*
meat altogether fur some tune, and that, under thru |
circumstances, a reduction of interest immediately u,-
on resumption comes with a very bail grace,
Man owes Woman a vast moral debt w hich ha# beer
accumulating bolh iu principal and interest s'rtcejjthe
foundation of llio world, and unless he soon Legineto
liquidate it iii some shape, Iio will become bankrupt in
the eyu uf heaven. Think of it, ponder oil it, J llU
“lords of creation,” and make an early settlement.
Signs if Peace..--One hundred ami ten sermons wet#
lately preached in London, the same Sabbath, oltth#
subject of peace. Let tlie example be generally f#t'
lotted by minister* of the Prince id Peace, of everydc*
non)matioi>,and wars will have an end.
Essence of Coffee.--Mr. E. L. Szadeczky ha# com
menced among us llte manufacture ul tins article,which
lie says is already in extensive use in Europe «R ,on !
llte higher classes, A quari buti le of this essence c'*'’
hut six shillings, and will make from one to two hun
dred clips of excellent coffee, according to tliosia# 11
llio cups and the taste of the drinks.—A. Y. Javrnel
of Commerce.
In 1815, after Napoleon’s return a violent royal' 11
exclaimed to his confessor, who happpened iodine tv* 1 #
hurt at Ghent—."What !” exclaimed tic. “Henry HI-
and IV. were assassinated and nobody can he ^ ,un( ! ^
rut us of Ihu usurper Bonaparte !" The prn-*i letch#
ii deep sigh: “Ah, my dear air,” said lie, “there t« ##
I onger any relig on in the world ns tit those <1*J• *
Napoleon is said lu hive beet) much amused w ill) to*'
am dute,
A Curious Error.—A Western paper with S ,p,t
grav ty staled that a rat descending the Ohio, wntP
tuiiately struck against llio sleaniboat Huricins, *'
lotctd it on the bank, .'nun whence it was got ‘A “ 11
great difficulty, The reader* ol the above
knew not what lu make ol it, llmv a rat rnui‘1 |R**
duce such s singular effect upon a atesmboai, pu 11 ' 0
them not a little. But llte next number solved th# >#'
■giiia, by tucking ao/ into the word rat, Ihu* ptudu#'
mg a raft.
Tbs product of the Russian Mines last J* 11 * e j*
9.000 lb* ot fine gold, valued at 600.000,000 lr»nc».«
about 8liO.OUO.OUO; also, 2,000 pound* of pi"""' f *
ued at 2ff,000.000 francos, or tboul 96000,000. 1
third* of llte mines belong to the Government.