Newspaper Page Text
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W»*"MI
I and 1. f *, r '" r Twill*,.* ofnnmll corn, li.»r only Ihcjuul prupoi
-77, Bina huniirad oiul mn.tu.1sht ,f IS? w, ' h . >*»• »liW» urdofuuparlofquality of *W
Kllf.tW*, ihojiWW *** "r"" 1 1* I- ** n *^ •<•>* '*>*'- IIlia nrilcluu omaumeil liy all am taxed at that
doltal* *#4 «dNal«. Tta »x|*mdiure« for ihe — * p ‘
„■». period war* iw.uty-nio. million* aiue hiimlmd
and xixijr-aigirt UtouMnd two Imndrod aad aix dollar,
and ntn,ty-«ifh»4«ul»J of winch, eight raillimia five
hundtwJ and eighty .eight thnumnd oae hundred and 57
iich are or
Tfi
•at
. . — »»i_.
tn/urem n-»enn»dull..,eailli proper
li, ’nntajWM and proper gourd. againm fond* in eolf.ciing
thain,it m trot doubted, will alturd ntnple incidental adeanta-
gea to the inanuhnturera, and enable them to derive ae freer
oan be derived Pom any other rvgnlnr htiiine.it- It
P»
dollara and aixry-tero cents were applied to the payment
of the public debt. Tha balance in the treaaury on the
Brat of l*W laab Was aetron Million, aix hundred and
Bfiy.eight’thousand lliraa hundred and aix dollars and
twnnty-two caota.
The amount of the public debt remaining unpaid on
the drat of Ootober laat, waa aoventeen ntilliuns seven,
ty.flve thousand four hundred and forty five dollars and
fipy.tam cents. Further payments of tho public debt
would hare been made, in anticipation of tho period of
its reimbursement under tho au'hority conferred upon
the Secretary of the Treasury by the acta of July
twenty-first, 1841, and of April fifteenth, 1842, and
March third, 1843, had nut the unsettled slate of our
relations with Mexico menaced hostile collision with
that power. In viow of such a contingency, it was
deemed prudent to retain in the treasury au amount
unusually large for ordinary purposes.
A few years ago, our whole notional debt growing
out of the Revolution and the war of 1812 with Great
Britain was extinguished, and we presented to the
world the rare and noble ipeetacle of a great and grow-
jog people who had fully discharged every obligation.
Since that time, the existing debt haa been contracted ;
and small aa it is, in comparison with the similar bur-
dons of most oilior nations, it should be extinguished
at the earliest practicable period. Should t lie state of
the country permit, and. especially, if our foteign rela
tions interpose no obstacle, it is contemplated to ap
ply all the moneys in the treasury as they accrue be.
•ond what is required for the appropriations by Con
gress, to its liquidation. I cherish the hope of Boon
being able to congratulate the country on its recover
ing once more the lofty position which it so recently
occupied. Our country, which exhibits to the w orld
the benefits of self government, in developing all the
sources of national prosperity, owes to mankind the
permanent example of a nation free from tha blighting
influence of a public debt.
The attention of Congress is invited to the impor
tance of making suitable modifications and reductions
of the rates of auiy imposed by our present tariff laws.
The object of imposing duties on imports should be to
riise revenue to pay the necessary expenses of govern
ment. Congress may, undoubtedly, in the exercise of
a sound discretion, discriminate in arranging the ratea
of duty on different articles; but the discriminations
should be within therevenue standard, and be made
with the view to raise money for the support of govern
ment.
It becomes important to understand distinctly what
ii meant by a revenue standard, the maximum of which
should not be exceeded in the rates of duly imposed.—
It is conceded.and experience proves, that duties may
be laid so high as to diminish, or prohibit altogether,
the importation of any given article, and thereby lessen
or destroy therevenue which, at lower rates, would bo
derived from its importation. Such duties exceed Ihe
revenue rates, and are nut imposed tu raise money for
the support of government. If CoBgross levy a duty,
for revonoe, of one per cent, on a given article, it will
produce a given amount of money to the treasury, and
will incidentally and necessarily afford protection, or
advantage, to the amount of one per cent, to Ihe home
manufacturer of a airalaror like article over the itnpor-
tu If the duty be raised to ten per cent, it will pro
duce a greater amount of money, and afferd greater
protection. If it be still raised to twenty, twenty-five,
or thirty per cent, and if, as it is raised, the revenue
derived from it is found to be increased, the protec
tion or advantage will also be increased ; but if it be
raised to thirty one per cent, and it is found that the
revenue produced atthat rate is less Ilian at thirty per
cent, it ceases to be a revenue duly. The precise point
in the ascending scale of duties at which it is ascer
tained from experience that the revenue is greatest, is
the maximum rate of duty which can bo laid fur the
l/onafide purpose of collecting money for the support
of government. To raise the duties higher than that
point, and thereby diminish the amount collected, is to
levy them for protection merely, and not for revenue.—
Aa long, then, as Congress may gradually increase the
rateol duty on a given article, and the revenue is in
creased by such increase of duty, they are within the
revenue standard. When they go beyond that point,
and, as they increase the duties, the revenue is dimin.
ished or destroyed, the act ceases to have for its object
the raising of money to support government, but is for
protection merely.
Itdoes not follow that Congress should levy the high
est duty on all articles of import which they will bear
within the revenue standard ; for such rates would
probably produce a much larger amount than the econ
omical administration of the government would re
quire. Nor does it follow that the duties on all articles
should be at the same, or a horizontal rate. Some ar
ticles will bear a much higher revenue duty than oth
ers. Below the maximum of the revenue standard
Congress may and ought to discriminate in the rates
imposed, taking care so to adjust them on different ar
ticles sb to produce in tho aggregate the amount which,
when added to the proceeds of sales of public lauds,
may be needed tu pay the economical expenses of the
government.
In levying a torilT of duties,Congrees exercise the tnxing
power, and for purposes of revenue may select the objects of
taxation. They may exempt certain articles altogether, and
permit their importation free of duty. On othurs they may
impose low duties. In these classes should he unhruce'd
i such articles of necessity aa ure in general use, and eepecinl-
ly such as are consumed by the laborer and the ponr.ue well
as by (he wealthy citizen. * Care should be taken that all t be
treat internals of the country, including manufactures, ugri-
| culture,commerce,navigation,and the moclmnic aria, should,
aifarau may be praclinalile,derive equal advantages from Ihe
incidental protection which a jualayslem uf revenue duties
I muy afford. Taxation, direct or indirect,is a burden,and it
in equally ne may be, oil
eir ability to hear it. To
I mike (lie taxing power au actual benefittu onecluaa,necessa
rily increases the burden of the others beyond llieir propor
tion,and would he manifestly unjust. The'terms “ protection
to domestic industry,” ure of popular import; hut they should
apply under a justayatein to all the various branchcaof in
dustry hi ourenuotry. The firmer or planter who toils year-
I ly in ilia fields, is engaged in ** domestic industry,'* and in as
I imieli entitled to have hia labor •* projected,” nethe tnanufac-
1 surer, the man of commerce, the navigator or the mechanic,
I who are engaged also iu“ domestic industry" in their ilifler-
I cat puraitita. The joint laltursof all these claRBea constitute
1 the aggregate of the 4t domestic industry" of the nutioti. and
I they are equally eotitled to the nation's “protection." No
I one uf them can justly claim to be the exclusive recipients oI
I “protection," which can only he afforded bv increasing bur.
I season the “ domestic industry" ut the others.
| If these views he correct, it remains to inquire how fur the
tariff ucl of 1842 is consistent with them. Tha! inuny of tiie
provisions ol tiiat act are in viulation of the cardinal princi
ples here laid down, all must concede. The rules of rluty
imposed by it on aome articles are prohibitory, and on otliera
eo high uv greatly tu diminish importations, uud to produce a
I leiiamuunt of revenue than wuuld be derived ftom lower
I tales. They operate aa “protection merely," to one branch
I of “domestic industry," by taxing other bra'nclies.
I By the introduction uf immiuuiuSt or aoeutned and false val-
I uua.and by tile imposition of specific duties, Ilia injustice and
| inequality of the act of 1842, io its practical operations on
I d'fiureutclasaas and pursuits, arc seen and felt, iiluny of the
1 oppressive duties imposed by it under the onerutiou of these
I principles, range from one per cent, to more titan two hundred
I P e r cent. They are prohibitory on some articles, and partial-
I ly loon others, and banr most heavily on articles of common
aeceuity,and hut lightly on articles of luxury. It is so fra-
I wed that much tile greatest burden which it imposr a tsthro
I anlabur and thepnurer clauses who are least able to hear
I "hilc it protects capital uud exempts the rich front paying
I theirjnst prapovtioii ofluxaliox required for the auppuit ol'
1 lovernment. While it protects the capital of the wealthy
I manufacturer, and increases hia J1 refits, it docs mil benefit the
I operative, or iaborara In Itta employment wlioee wnsea have
I not been increased by it. Articles of prime necessity or ol
I coarse quality and low price, used by the masses of the peu-
1 Pie, are, in many instances, subjected by it to Iteavy taxes
I while articles offioerquality and higher price, or ofiuxury,
I wlucheanbe uatdoxlv by the opulent, are lightly taxed. It
I t'upnuesjiflavyand unjust burdens oo llte farmer, the planter,
I «•» cummercial man,ond tlioseof oil other pursuits,^except the
cupitaljsl who has tuada his investments in miinufaciuree. All
* 16 great interests uf llte country are not, aa ueurly aa muy be
Practicable,equally protected by it.
The government in theory knows no distinction of persons
**r classes, nndehBuld out bestow upon some favors and privi
hges which all others may not enjoy- It was the purpose I,
‘t* illuitrinuo founders to base tho institutions which the)
reared upon ilia great and unchanging prim iplco ol justice
equity, conscious that if administered in Ills apiril in
*hteh they were conceived, they would ha felr only by the
nenelitv which they dififustid and would leeuredorghentaelvea
••-'fence in tlto hearts sef the people, more powerful then
"sndiag armies, and all the menus uud appliances invented to
•lotah, governments founded in injustice ond iqiproaaiun.
, The well known fact that the tariff net of 1*12 waa passed
V a majority of one vote in the Senate, ansi r wo in the 11 mine
«t Kipreaeatatlvea,anil that some of those who felt themselves
'•••trained,under tho peculiar circutnsianrre existing at the
to vote in its furor, proclaimed it» defects; and ««pre*-
**■ tli*ir determinationlo aid in lit modification on the first
*Hi*urt unity l «fior<t»«lrn*if and coanlusivo evideraa that it
aoi intended to b e neramosat. tod oi the expediency aud
••“ceNity of it* ihoroug ti rarision.
in recommending to CangreM a reduction of tha present
IVaV nf 4*ty, and a revision and modification oi ilia act of
I am far from aattrtaialnr opinion* aaMewdl.y to the
•wnafcciuiere. On the contrary, I drake to era thorn prai-
aa farm they can bp ao. W»lh4»m imposing unequal
SPira* ——
lie invrd •llat andi a system, strictly within the revenue
standard. will place the manufacturing iittwrewm on a stable
rooting, mid mure to their permanent advantage ; while It will,
— nearly aa may be practicable, extend to all the great inter-
(» or I lie country the incidental protection which can be af
forded by our tevenue law*. Such a system, when once
firmly established, would be permanent, and not be mihjeet to
the eonatnnt complaint*, agitations, and ehangew which inuet
ever occur, when dnliea are not laid for revenue, but for the
“protection merely" of a favored interoat.
In the deliberation* ofCongrees on thie subject, ii in hoped
that a Boint of mutual concession and comproniiae between
the conflicting interest!* may prevail, ond that the result of
th^ir labors may be crowned with the happiest consequences.
By the constitution of the United Slates it is provided, that
no money ►ball be drnwn from the treasury but in conse-
queuce of appropriation* mode by law." A public treasury
•••hb undoubtedly contemplated and intended tu be created,
which the public money should he kept from the period of
collection until needed for public uee*. In the collection nod
disbursement of the public money no agencies have ever been
employed by law, except such ns were nppointed by the gov
ernment, directly responsible to it. and under its control. The
safe keeping of the public money should be confided to a pub
lic treasury created by lnw, and under like responsibility and
control. It is not to be ima eined that I ho framers of the con
stimtion could have intended that a treasury should be crea^
ted ns a place of depnaileand sale-keeping «f the public mo
ney which wna irresponsible to tha government. The first
Congress under the Constitution, by the act of the second
September, 1789, “to establish the Tiensury Deportment,*
provided lor the appointment of a treasurer, aud mode it hit.
duty “to receive und keep the moneys of the United States,*’
nd “at all times tosubmit lo the Secretary ol the Treasury
ud the Comptroller, or either of them, tiin'inspection of the
moneys in hib hands.*'
That hanks, national or state,could not have been intended
to be used as a substitute for the treasury spoken of in the
constitution, as keepers of the puhlic money, is manifest from
the fact, that at that time there was no national hank, nnd but
three or four .State banks of limited capital existed in the
country. Theiremployment as depositories was at first re
sorted to, to a limited extent, hut with oo avowed intention of
continuing them permanently, in place of the treasury of the
constitution. When they were afterward* from time lo lime
employed, it was from motives oi supposed convenience.
Our experience has shown,that when banking corporations
hove been the keepers of the public money, and been thereby
made in ellect the treasury,the government can have no guar
anty that it can command the use of its own money for public
purposes. ^J'he late bank of the United States proved to be
faith less. The State banks which were afterwards employed,
were faithless. But a few years ago, with millions of public
money in their keeping, the government wns brought almost
to bankruptcy, anil the public credit spriously impaired, be
cause ofifieir inability or indisposition to pay, on demand, to
tho public creditors, in the only currency recognised by the
constitution. Their failure occurred in a period of peace,
and great inconvenience nnd loss were sufleted by the public
from it. Had the country been involved in a foreign war,that
inconvenience and loss would have been much greater,
might have resulted in extreme public calamity. The
money should not be mingled with the private'funds ofbanki
or individuals, or be used for private purposes. When it ii
placed in banks for sate keeping, it is in effect loaned to then
them upon interest to the
fe keeping, it is in effect loaned lo them
without interest, and is loaned by them upon interest to the
borrowers from them- The public money is converted into
banking capitul, and is used and loaned out for the privat
profit of bank stockholders; aud when called for, (us was th_
case in 1837,) it may he in the pockets of the borrowers from
the hanks, insteud of being in the public treasury contempla
ted by the constitution. The framers of the constitution,
could never have intonded that tho money paid into the trea
sury should be thus converted to private use, and placed be
yond the control of the government.
Banks which hold the public money are often templed, by
desire of gain, to extend their lonus, increase their circula
tion, and thus stimluate, if nnt produce a spirit of speculation
and extravagance, which sooner or later must result in ruin to
thousands. If the puhlic money be not permitted to be thus
sed, but be kept in the treasury and paid out to the puhlic
creditors in gold and silver, the temptation afforded by its de
posit with banks to an undue expansion of their business
would be checked, while the amount of the constitutional
currency left in circulation would be enlarged, by its employ
ment in the public collections and disbursements, and the
banks themselves would, in consequence, bo found in a safer
and sounder condition.
At present, State banks are employed as depositories, blit
without adequate regulation oflaw, whereby the public mo-
ey can be secured against the casualties and excesses, re
unions, suspensions, and defalcations, to which, from over
issues,overtrading, an inordinate desire for gain, or other cau
ses, they are constantly exposed. The Secretary of the
Treasury bus in all cases, when it was practicable, taken col
lateral security for the amount which they hold, by the pledge
of stocks of the United States, or such of the States as were
good credit. Some of the deposite banka have given this
description of security, and others have declined to do so.
Entertaining the opinion that “the Reparation of the moneys
of the government fiom banking institutions is indispensable
for the safetv of the funds of the government and the rights of
the people,*’I recommend to Congress that provision he made
by law for such separation, and that a constitutional treasury
be created for the safe-keeping of the public money. The
constitutional treasury recommended is designed as a secure
depository for the puhlic money, without anv power lo make
■ discounts, or tQ issue any papr—* *
circulation. 1 cannot doubt thi
- ...ntlon between t*o United feta* x*A*
disidu.I eitti.oe, prodoclDt irritation nod axoilemonl la Ibu
embarrassments will continue to occur, while tho preeent
system of leasing these lands remains unchanged. These
lands sre no# under the superintendence aud cere of the
War Department, with the ordinary duties of which they hive
no pinper or natural connexion. I recommend the repeal of
the present system, and that these lands tie placed under the
superintendence and management of the General Land Office,
is other puhlic lands, and be brought Into market end raid
upon such terms as Congress in their wisdom may preserve,
reserv ing to the government an equitable per centuge of the
gross amount of mineral product, and that the pre-emptio n
principle be extended to resident miners and settlers upon
them, at the minimum price which may be established by
Congress,
I refer you to the accompanying report of the Secretary «of
War, for information respecting the present situation of tb e
army, nnd its operations during the past year ; the elate n>f
our defences; the condition ol the public works ; and our re
lations with the various Indian tribee within our limits o r
upon our borders. 1 invite your attention to the suggestion! *
contained in that report, in relatiouto these prominent objects
of nutional interest.
When orders were given during the past summer for con
centrating u military force on the western frontier of Texas,
our troops were widely dispersed, ami in smnll detachments,
occupying posts remote from each other. The prompt and
expeditious manner in which an army, embracing more than
half our peace establishment, whs drawn together on an
emergency so sudden, reflects great oradit on the officers who
were intrusted with the execution of these orders, as well os
upon the discipline of the army itself. To be in strength to
protect and defend tlie people aud territory of Texas, in the
event Mexico should commence hoMilities, or invade her ter
ritories with a large army, which she threatened, 1 authorised
the general assigned to the command of the nnnv of occupa
tion to make requisitions for additional forces front several
of the States nearest the Texan territory, and which could
most expeditiously furnish them, if, in his opinion a larger
force than that under this commute!, and the auxiliary aid
which, under like circumstances, he was Authorised to re
ceive from Texas, should be required. The contingency upon
which the exercise of this authority depended, has not occur-
nd. The circunistui.ee* under which two companies of
State Artillery from the city of New Orleans were sent into
Texas, nnd mustered into the service of the United Slates, are
fully staled in the report ol the Secretary of W ar. I recom
mend to Congress that provision be made for the payment of
these troops, as well os a small number of Texan volunteers,
whom the commanding general thought it necessary to re
ceive nr muster into our service.
During the last summer, the first regiment of dragoons
made extensive excursions through the Indian country on our
borders, a part of them advancing nearly to the possessions
of the Hudson’s Bay Company in the north, and a part as
far as the South l'ass of the Rocky mountains, and tne head
waters of the tributary stream.* of the Colorado of the W est.
The exhibition of this military force among the Indian tribes
iu those distnnt regious, and the councils held with them by
the commanders of the expeditions, it is believed, will have a
sulutary influence in restraining them from hostilities among
themselves, and maintaining friendly relations between them
and the United States. Ap inlerestingaccount of one ofthese
excursions accompanies the report of the Secretary of War.
Under the directions of the VVor department, Brevet Cuptain
Fremont, ol the corns of topographical engineers, has been
employed since 1842 in exploring the country west of the
Mississippi, ond beyond the Rocky mountains*. Two expe
ditions Imye already been brought to a close, and the reports
of that scientific and enterprising officer have furnished much
interesting and valuable information. lie is now engaged in
a third expedition, but it is not expected that this arrlous ser
vice wil' be completed in season to enable me to communicate
the result to Congress at the present session.
Our relation* with the Indian tribes are of a favorable char
acter. The policy of removing them to a country designed
for their permanent residence, west of the Missfssippi nnd
without the limits of the organized States and Territories, is
better appreciated by them than it was a few veurs ago j
while education is now attended to, und the hab-ts of civilized
life are gaining ground among them.
Serious difficulties of long standing continue to distract the
several parties into which tha CherokecB are unhappily divi-
The efforts of the government to adjust the difficulties
ded.
loans or discounts, or tq issue any paper whatever as a
rency or circulation. 1 cannot doubt tnat such a treasury as
was contemplated by the constitution, should he independent
of all banking corporations. The money of the peopleshould
he kept in the treasury of the people created by law, and be
in the custody of agents chosen by themselves, according to
the forms of the constitution ; agents who are directly re
sponsible to the government, who are under adequat i bonds
and oaths, aud who are subject to severe punishments (or any
embezzleineut, private use. or misapplication of the public
funds, uud for anv failure in other respects to perform their
duties. To say that the people or their government are in
competent, or not to be trusted with the custody of their own
money, in their own treasury, provided by themselves, but
must rely oo the presidents, cashiers, and stockholders of
honking corporations, not appointed by them, nor responsible
to them, would bo to concede that they are incompetent fur
self government.
In recommending the establishment of a constitutional
treusury, in which the public money shall be kept, I desire
that udequale provision bn made bv luw for its safety, und that
all executive discretion cr control over it ahull he removed,
except such as may be necessary in directing its disbursement
ursuance of appropriations made by law.
nder our present land system,limiting the minimum price
at which the public lands can be entered to one dollar and
twenty-five cents per acre, lurge quantities of lauds of interior
quality reinuin unsold, because they will not command that
price. From the records of the General Land Office it ap
pears, that,of the public lands teumining unsold in the sever
al rftat* s and Territories iu which tliev ure situated, thirty-
llions one hundred und five thousand five hundred
aud seventy-seven acres have been in the market, subject to
entry nmre than twenty years ; forty nine millions six hun
dred aud thirty-eight thousand six hundred and forty-four
acres for morn than fifteen years; seventy-three millions
ty-fonr thousand and six hundred acres for more than
ten yeurs; aud one hundred and six millions one hundred
nnd seventy-six thousand nine hundred and sixty-one acres
for more ihun five years. Much the largest portion of these
lands will continue to be unsaleable at the minimum price at
hicli they are permitted lo be sold, so long as large lerrito
ries of lands from which the more valuable portions ituve not
been selected are annuulty brought into the market by the
government. With the view to the sale and settlement ol
these inferior lands, I recommend that the price, lie gruduuted
and reduced below the present mmi» iU|11 rate, confining the
sales at the reduced prices tu settlers mid cultivators.
that period for a second and third term to lower rates, u large
‘ jn of these lauds would be purchased, ond many wor-
itizens, who are unable to pay higher rates,could pur
chase homes for themselves and their families. By adopting
the policy of graduation and reduction of price, these interior
lands will he sold for their real value, while the States in
which they lie will be freed from the inconvenience, if not in
justice, to which they me subjected, in consequence of the
United States continuing Iu awn large quantities of public
lands within their borders, not liable lo taxation for the sup
port of their local governments.
I recommend the continunnre of the policy ofgranting pre
emptions, in its most liberal extent, to all those who huve
settled, or may hereafter settle, on public lands, whether sur-
veyed or utisurveyed, to which the Indian title may have been
extinguished at the time of settlement. It has been found by
experience, that in consequence uf combinations of pnrehas
ers aud other causes, e very small quantity of the public
lands, when sold at public miction, commands a higher price
tliun the minimum rule established by luw The settlers on
the public lands uie, however, but rarely uble to secure their
homes and improvements at Ihe public sales at that rate; be-
cause these combinations, by means of the capitul they com
mand, and their superior ability to purchase, render it impos
sible for the settler to compete with them in the market. By
putting down all competition, these combinations of capitalist
and speculators are usually enabled to purchase the lands,
including ihe improvements of the settlers, at the minimum
K rice of the government, and either turn them out ol their
omes, or extort from them, according to their ability to pay,
double or quadruple the amount naid for them to the govern
nient. It is to the enterprise ami perseverance of the hard
pioneers of the West, who penetrate the wilderner
their families, suffor the dangers, the privations,
between them have heretofore proved unsuccessful; and
there remains no probability that this desirable object can he
accomplished without Iheaid of further legislation by Con
gress. I will, at an early period of yoqr session, present the
subject for your consideration, accompanied with an exposi
tion of the complaints nnd claims of the several parlies into
which the nation is divided, with a view to the adoption of
such measures by Congress ns may enable the Executive to
do justice to them respectively, and to put an end, if possible,
to the dissensions which huve long prevailed, and still pre
vail among them.
1 refer you to (he report qf (he Secretary of the Navy for
the present condition of that branch of the national defence;
uud for the grave suggestions, lumng G»r their object the in
crease of its efficiency, and o greater economy iu its manage
ment. During the past year the officers and men have per
formed their duty in a satisfactory manner. The orders which
have been given, have been executed with promptness and fi
delity. A larger force than has often formed one squadron
under our flug was readily concentrated in the Gulf of Mexi
co, and,apparently, without unusual effiirt. It is especially
to be observed, that notwithstanding the union of so consid
erable a force, no act was committed that even the jealousy of
an irrated power could construe os an octof aggression ; anil
thul the commander of the squadron, and his officers, in strict
conformity with their instructions, holding thcniselveB ever
ready for the most active duty, have achieved the still purer
glory of contributing to the preservation of peace. It is be
lieved that at all oqr foreign stations the honor of our flag has
been maintained, and that, generally, uur shipa of wur have,
been distinguished for their good discipline and order. I am
happy t» nud,that the display of maritime force which was
required by the events of the summer, has been made wholly
within the usual appropriations for the service of the year,
so that no additional appropriations are required.
The commerce of the United States, and with it the naviga
ting interest, have steudily and rapidly increased since the
organization of our government, until, it is believed, we are
now second to hut one power in the world, and at no distant
day we shall probably be inferior to none. Exposed ns they
must be, it bus been a wise policy to afford to these impor
tant interests protection with our ships of war, distributed in
the great highways of trade throughout the world. For
more than, thir.ty years appropriations huve been made,und
annually expended, for the gradual increase of our naval for
ces. In peace, our nnvy performs the important duty of pro
tecting our commerce; and, in tho event of war, will be, as it
has been, a most efficient means of defence.
The successlul useof ftleum navigation on the occau has
been followed by the introduction of war-steamers in grtut
and increasing numbers into the navies of Ihe principal mar-
alime powers .of the world. A due regard lo our own safety
and to an efficient protection to our large and increasing com
merce demands a corresponding inciease on our part. No
country has greater facilities for Ihe construction of vessels
of this description than ours,or can promise itself greater
advantages from their employment. 'I hoy are admirably a-
dapted to the protection or our commerce, to the rapid trans
mission of intelligence, and to thecoaRt defence. In pursu
ance of the wise policy of a gradual increase of our nuvv,
large supplies of live oak titpber, and other materials for ship
building, bate been collected, and are now under shelter nnd
in a stute of good preservation, while iron steamers can be
built with great facility in various pui;tsof the Union. The
ubo of iron as u material, especially in the construction of
slrumers, which cun enter with snfeiy many of the harbors
along ourcon8t now inaccessible to vessels of gieatcr draught,
and the practicability of rnnptructing them in the interior,
strongly recommends that liberal appropriations should he
inude for this important object. Whatever limy huve been
our policy in Ihe earlier stages of the government, when the
nation was in its hfanev,our shipping interests u,.d com
merce comparatively small, our resources limited, our popu
lation sparse und scarcely extending beyond the limits of the
original thirteen Slates, tlmt policy must be essentially dif
ferent now that we have grown from three to more than twen
ty millions of people,—that, our commeroe, carried in our
own ships, is found iu every sea, and that our territorial
boundaries and settlements huve been so greatly expanded —
Neither our commerce, nor our long line of coast on the
and on the lakes,can be successfully defended against
foreign aggression by nieuiia of fortifications alone. These
ure essential id important commercial and military points,
but our chief reliunce tor Ui.is object must be on a* well or
gauised, efficient navy* The benefits resulting from such a
navy are not confined tq the Atlantic States. The produc
tions of the interior which seek a market abroad, are directly
dependent on the safety und lieedom of our commerce. The
occupation of tha Balize below New Orleuns hy a hostile
force would embarrass, if not stagnate, the whole export
trade of the Mississippi, und affect the value of the agricul
tural products of the entire valley of that mighty river and
its tributaries.
It has never been our policy to maintain large standing ar
mies in time of peace. They are contrary to tlte genius of
our free institutions, would impose heavy burdens on the peo
ple,and be dangerous to public liberty; Our reliance for
protection und defence on the land must be mainly on our
citizen soldiers, who will be ever ready, as they ever have
been ready in limes past, to rush with alacrity, at the call of
their country, to her defence. This description of force,how-
cannot defend our coust, haibqrs, and inland seas, nor
protect our commerce on the ocean or the lukes. '1 liese
must be protected by our navy.
Considering an increased naval force, nnd especially of
steam * casein, corresponding with our growth and inipoitance
uatnn.apd proportioned to Ihe increased and increasing
naval pow«rsof other nations, of vast importance as regard
tardjr
and hard-
the’ way for tfie body of emigrants who, in the course of a
lew yeurs, usually follow them, that we are, in a great de
gree, indebted lor the rapid extension and aggrandizement of
ourcountry.
Experience has proved (list no portion of our population are
more patriotic than the hardy nnd brave men of the frontier,
or more ready to obey the cull of their country, and to defend
her rights and hei honor, whenever uud by whatever enemy
uasailed. They should be protected from the grasping spec
ulator, nnd secured, at the minimum prico of the public landa
in (ho humble homes which they have improved by their In
bur. With this end in view, all vexatious or unnecessary re
strictions imposed upon them by the existing preemption
luw* should be repealed or modified. It is tjie true policy of
(he government tu afford facilities to its citizens to become
the owners of small portions of our vast public domain at low
and moderate rules,
Tire present system of managing llte mineral lands of the
United States is believed lo be radically defective. More
than a million of acres of the public laud*, supposed
tain lead and other minerals, have been reserved from sale,
and numerous leases upon them have been granted to indi
viduals upon a stipulated rent, Tha ay item of grunting leus
ns haa proved to bo not only unprofitable t« the government,
but uniatiafactory to the citizens who have gona upon the
lauds, and must, if continued, tu lay the foundation of much
future difficulty between the government and the leaver*. Ac
cording to iheufficial records, the amount ofreota received by
the go re mine ut for Ilia vtara 1841, 1849, 1849, end 1844, was
•ally IncraoMd. I mow rcspoela, tha dlotrihutfoi of
imoof Wrs seems to be irtcougrumis, and many of
might po Ifumkrted ftom oho lo another with edvan
tag# to the public interests. A mom aueplcioaa time lor the
consideration of this subject by Congress, with a vie* to sys
tem In tW organisation of the several departments, and a
mere appropriate divisiop of tbs public business, will not
probably occur. , .
The most important duties of the State Department relate
to our foreign affairs. By the great enlargement of the fami
ly of nations, the increase of uur commerce.and the corn's
ponding extension of our consular system, the luisineMol
this department has been greatly innreased. In it a present
organize)ion, many duties of a domestic nature, and consist
ing of details, are devolved on the Secretary of .Stole, which
do nut appropriately belong lo the foreign department of the
5 ovsmment, and may properly be transferred to some other
epartmeut. One of these grows nut of the preheat state of
the law concerning the I’alent Office, which, a lew years
since, was a subordinate, clerkship, but he* become .a dietiuct
bureau of greut importance. With an excellent internal «r-
f nnizalinn. it is still connected wit h the Stile Department.—
n the trunsaction of its business, questions of much impor
tance to inventors, and to llte community, frequently arise,
which,by existing laws, are refer red lor decision lo u board,
of vvliicnthe Secretary of State is a member. These ques
tions nre legal,and the connexion which now exists bet ween
the State Department and the l*atent Office, may, with great
propriety and advantage,be transferred lo tho Attorney Gen
eral.
| n his last annual message tq Congress, Mr. Madison invi
ted attention to a proper provision for the Ailorm y General
as i in “ important improvement in the executive establish-
me ot." This recommendation wns repeated by some ol his
sue cessors. The official duliesof tlm Attorney General have
bee n much increased within a few \ ears, am) his officeha* ba
con ie one of great importance. His duties muy be stillfur-
the r increased with advantage to the public interests. A fun
executive officer,hia residence and constant attention at the
seat 4>f government are required. Legal questions involving
imp-orient principles, and large amounts ol public money, a re
con stantly referred to him by the President and executive de-
par Iments fc r his examination and decision. The puhlic bu-
sin* jss under his official management b fore the judiciury has
bet *n so augmented bv the extension of our territory, and the
act I of Congress authorising suits sgainst the Ulifted States
for large bodies of vuluuble public lands, as greatly to in-
ere: iso his labors and responsibilities. I therefore recommend
that, the Attorney General be placed on the same footing with
the heads of tha other executive departments,with such sub-
ord inate officers.provided by luw (nr bis department,as may
be required to discharge the additional duties which huve
be* m or may be devolved upon him.
( Congress possess the power uf exclusive legislation over
the District of Columbia; nnd I commend the interests of its
inlit ibitants to your favorable consideration. Tho people of
this District have no legislative liudy of llisir own, and must
con fide their local ns well as their general interests to repre
sen talives in whose, election they have no voice, nnd over
win ise official conduct they have no control. Each member
of | .he National Legislature should consider himself as their
imn oediate representative,and should he tlm more ready tu
givt t attention to their interests nnd wants, because lie is not
resp onsihle to them. I recommend that a liberal nml gener
ous- ipirit limy characterise your measuresin relation to them.
I slw Jl be ever disposed to show a proper regard for their
wish es, nnd, within constitutional limits,shall at all times
chee rfully co-operate with you for the advancement of their
welf are.
11 rust it may not be deemed inappropriate to the occasion
for u oe to dwell* for ft moment on the memory of the must em
ineni citizen of our country, who, during the suminerthnt ii
gone by, has descended lothe tomb. The.enjownentoi con
temp Idling, at the advanced age of near four score years, tho
happ y condition of his country,cheered the last hours of An
drew Jackson, |who deported this life in the tranquil hope of a
bless ed immortality. Hi* death was happy, us his life had
been eminently useful. He bad an unfaltering confidence in
tliev irtuo and capacity of the people, aud in tiielpermauence
of tit at free government which lie bail largely contributed to
estah lisli nnddefend. His great deeds had secured to him
the a flections of his fellow citizens, und it wna his happiness
to wi tness the growth nnd glory of Ins’country which he lov
ed so well. He dcpaited amidst the benedictions of millions
of fre lemen. The nation paid its tribute to his memory at his
Inmh. Coming generations will learn from his example the
love * country and the rights of man. In his longuage on a
similt ir occasion to the present, “I now commend you, follow
citize ns, to the guidance of Almighty God, with a full reli
ance on His merciful providence fur the maintenance, of our
free i: ristitnlinns; and with an earnest supplication, that what
ever errors it may ho my lot to commit, in discharging the ar-
dtimt nduties which have devolved on ine.will find a remedy
in the harmony and wisdom of you i coitnse Is,"
JAMES K. POLK.
Wi isifiNCiTON.Dec. 2,1845.
MILLEDGEV1LLE:
Tu- :s<lay morning, December 9, 1843.
V.'HIG CANDIDATE FOR CONGRESS,
District No. 3,
DR. AMBROSE BABER,
OF BIBB COUNTY.
THE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE.
It t. consequence nf llte failure of tlto mails between
Cha rleslnn and Washington city, we did not receive
the President's message until yesterday inoriiinjr, al
ter : 10o’clock. Believing that nur readers would pre
fer ti t to atty tiling else we could give them, to the ex-
clus ion of all oilier matter, wo insert tho message in
to-da y's paper. We have not time or space lo notice
its c ontents. Upon lire whole, we think the Mes
sage is a pretty good one. It will be seen that Mr.
Pou c goes iif for a Tariff for revenue, affording inci'
dent al protection to llte various branches of domestic
indu stry. We wonder what his Georgia friends will
now say. We are sorry to learn that the negociation
rela tive to I lie Oregon question has been brought to
a cl use without an amicable settlement—and it will he
sect i that tlte President recommends an immediate oc.
cupa .tion (after giving 13 month's notice) of Oreiron,
and tiie extension of the laws of llte United States o
ver that Territory. If this is done, under exist in. cir.
cum stances it appears lo us that a War with England
is in evitable. While wo would not yield one jot or
tilth J of wlial we arejustly entitled to, to avoid a war
with Great Brittain or ary other power, yet wo hope
that the members of Congress will weigh well the
matt er, and be sure that they are right, hjforetliey car-
ry o ut the recommendations of the President, nr so act,
as I o bring abnut that which cannot hut lie, under anv
circ umstances, a curse to this country. But we can-
j not go farther now—and will only refer the render to
tit 3 message.
Motes Morris, Jr„ (Dem.) 8
Wm. 3. Millor, (Native) 5
Hubert C. Wittlhrop. (Whig) 1
Andrew Stewart, (Whig) 1
Daniel M. Barringer, (Whig) 1
Reuben M. Chapmen. (Dem.) 1
Win. U- Cunipbelt, (Native) 1
Whole number of note, 311
Nectessttry ton Choice 10(1
The CLEItlv nnmiuiiced that the lion. Joint VV.
Davis, having received Ihu greutest number of
voles, w us duly elected Spouker of the 29th Con
gress.
Mr. Vin'onund Mr. McKay were invited locou.
duet Mr. Duvis to tlte chair.
Mr. Duvis, having received li e oath to support
the CujUltltillon) fun, the Clerk,look tint Speuker’,
Chair, and in briefucknowledgedthe honor cooler'
red upon him. He suid ;
Gentlemen—1 present my sincere ncknowledg.
menu lor the honor conferred in selecting me to
preside over your deliberation. 1 rely upon
your kindness, und shall endeavor faithfully nnd
impartially to udliert) to the rules you may adopt,
ulways, however, conscientiously relying upon the
indulgence nf die II wise. Hoping that we may
huve it peaceful uud it prosperous session, unit
tlmt tho puhlic interest may be promoted hy our
uctinn, 1 shall endeavor lo know no purty hut the
country und tin locality but the nothin.
The f^eaker having closed, the oath to support
the Constitution was then administered to the mem
bers, beginning us before, with Maine.
A Resolution was then offered authorizing the
tho appointment of a Committee to wait upon tlto
Semite. Tlte Resolution being out of time, was
withdrawu upon a motion to lay upon tlte table.—
A Rusiilutiuu followed to inuke the Rules of the
last House tlte Rules of the present Iluiue.
Mr. Admits objected upon the ground that n
message ought hist to lie sent tu the Senate, an
nouncing dial u Speaker hud been elected, audio
the President, announcing that the two Houses of
Congress weie orgniiig.ed and ready to proceed lo
business. The suggestions of Mr. Adams were
concurred in, and resolutions adopted to acquaint
the Scuttle uud President with tho progress made
iu the business of organisation.
The Resolution in relutiuu to tho Rules was
then renewed.
Mr. Hamlin of Me. moved to except the one
hour rule front the Roles of tlte lust House.
Mr. I’ayno of Ala. was not prepured to give up
the hour rule al once, though tie wis ready for
some modification. Tlte only danger of despotism
I t this House was from its disposition to control
the debates, and he thought the Rule ought not to
apply lo the debates upon Revenue Questions.
Mr. McCleruand of III. w as for making the sub
ject of Internal Improvements un cxcep'ion to the
perutiuns of llte Rule. Hu Considered this sub
ject a momentous one.
Mr. Chipman of Michignn, (a now member)
made tt brief speech iu opposition to the modifica
tions proposed by Mr. I’uyne.
The yens uud nays were then ordered upon the
motion "to adopt the old Rules, excepting the 33 I,
or one hour Rule.’’
The vole w as, ayes 02 noes 143. So tlte House
refused to strike out the one hour Rule.
The question came hack ujton the Rules of the
last Congress.
Mr, Payne now made till effort In restore the
furfamed "21st Rule,?'prohibiting |lio reception of
uholition memorials. His motion came In Ihe
form ol a proposition to restore the rules of the
first session of the lust Congress w hen the prohibi
tory rule was in Inrce.
Mr. Hunt ul'N. Y. demanded llte yens nnd nays
upon this vole, and they were utdered, re ulling
as follows—ayes 84- nays 121.
The jHottse, therefore, refused to restore the
Rule ngiiiusl the receptiun of Petitions.
Mr. Ilulntes moved that the Rules of the lust
House fie enforced until ra ised hy a Committee
appointed to report lo the House wliut system of
Rules shall bu adopted. This resolution prevuiled.
A Resolution was then offered in relation to tlte
choice of scats, proposing that the Clerk place Ihu
name uf every member in Ihe House in u box. and
the seals be drawn fur. In tliu midst of this Res
olution, the House adjourned. Ayes 114, lines not
counted.
rttcbiiitueudllie subject lo the tuvorsble cousitlera-
tion ol Congress.
The report of the Postmaster General herewith communi
cated, contains a detailed statement ol the operations of his
department during the past year. It will be seen that the in
come from postages will fallshort of tho expenditures of the
year between one nnd two millions of dollars. This defi
ciency has been caused by the reduction of the rates of pos
tage,which was made by the act of the third of March list.
No principle lias been more generally acquiesced in hy the
people than that this department should sustain itself, by lim
iting its nxpendilures lo its income. Congress has never
sought to make it a source of revenue for general purposes,
except for a short period during the last war with Great Brit
ain, nor should it ever become uchorpeon the general treasu
ry. If Congress shall adhere to this principle as ] think
they ought, it will be necessary either to curtail the present
mail service, so as toreducelliecxpenditures,orso to modify
the act of the third of March lost os to improve its revenues.
The extension of the mail service, and Ihe additional facili
ties which will be demanded hy the rapid extension and in
crease of population on our western frontier, will not admit
of such curtailment as will materially t educe the present ex
penditure*. In the adjustment of the tariff of postages, the
interests of Ihe people demand, that the lowest rates be adop
ted which will produce the necessary revenue to meet tne
espouditure* of the department. I invite (he attention of
Uongrcaa to the suggestions of the Postmaster General on
this subject, under the belief that sucli a modification of the
late law may lie mads as will yield sufficient revenue without
further calls on the Treasury, and with very Buie change lo
the present ratea of postage.
Proper measures have been taken,in Pursuance of the act
of the third of March last, for the establishment of tinea of
mail steamers between thin ami foreign count! ie*. liv* im-
$0,354 74 while the expenses of the system during the same bli consideration.
p*nod, including raUnes of supeitntetNients, agents, clerks, With the growth nf our country, the public h»*ioe as which
and lotideutai exp* usee, were twenty-six tbou*and*ou* hun- devolve* on the lieadeof Urn tcvnvtl Eivcntiro Departments
\ 2th * * * ,i
THE SUPREME COURT BILL.
ri.e House having refused to reconsider its passage
of the bill to organize a Court for tiie Correct inn of Er
rare, tiie bill now only needs the signature of the Gov
ernor to bvt onte a law. We intended offering some
remarks relative to tlte proceedings of tlte House, upon
this subject,but they have been crowded out.
lUTNeither branclt of the Legislature, yesterday, act
ed upon any important measure.
IT We take litis method of returning our thanks lo
our Representatives in Congress, Messrs. T. B. King,
A. H. Stephens, Howell Cobb and II. A. Haiiiul
son, for their kindness, in forwarding to us al tiie ear
liest moment, tiie President’s message.
IT The Legislature of Virginia, on tlto 3,1 instant
elected IsxacS. Pennybacker, of Rockingham county,
Senator to Congress, to servo for six years from 4t|t
March, 1845.
KT B.B. French has boon elected Clerk of the House
of Representatives of Congress, without opposition
ID" Tlte Richmond Whig, asks at what time of Ihe
day on the 3rd inst., it commenced snowing at this place?
t Our answer is, it did not snow at all. We have no
idea from what point the wind blew.
Congreksionnl Proceedings,
IvnnM the BALTIMORE AMERICAN/)
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
The adjournment of tlte caucus was followed by
a rush of members at about 11 o’clock into tire
Hall of the House. Al twelve o'clock the mem
bur, were all jit’their seats. Tlte galleries were
very full also.
1 lie Clerk, (B. B. French, Esq ) called the
House lo order, und proceeded to call tiie list ol
members, elect, beginning with Muiuo and ending
with the Territories.
The member* having uli been culled, two liuiid.
red und twelve answered tu their names, leaving
but eleven abieuteos.
A motion wus ihun made to proceed to the elec
tion of Speaker and carriod unanimously.
Tho Clerk appointed the following gentlemen to
count the vote*—Robert Smith of 111., Luther Sev.
erpnee of Me, and Howell Cobb, of Gs.
Tlto voting commenced viva voice, according lo
the Rule of lire House. Tha result of the pimt
baxlot wee u, follow, i
First Ballot.
flUfiaji*. (l)em.) 190
.(Whig)
7\
praying! he crest
Lea of Hall, Gwinnett, Jackson, aod I
an unfavorable report thereon; reed I
On motion of Mr. Jeckeon, ihe wrder wee tu«-
pended and the Senate look up ibe reeolution of the
House of Representatives, requesting our Senator*
mid Representatives in Congress, to urge upon the
Post Master General, the neoeeclty of having n
daily mas) line by the means of 8leaiiLJbppti ra.es-
mhiivhcd between Charleston and Savannah; agree A.,
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Thdssdat, Dee. 4.
The House took up end passed a resolution nu.
iitorLing the Governor to pay Wm. Y. Hansel!,
F. H. Sunford, and Thome* C. Hackett, for servi
ce' rendered tho State*
Tiie House then took up the special order of thu
day, it being the bill of Senate, "to carry Into ef-
It c: that purt of tlte 1st section of the 8d article of
tiie Constitution, which requires tho establishment
of n Supreme Court lor (be Correction of Errors,
nnd to organize the seme, end to regulate the pro
ceedings thereof.”
The bill having been taken up by sections, end
several amendments having been offered, which
were rejected, the bill then came up on tit final
pnsxngu—and upon the question. "Shell the bill
pass f" the yeas were 64, nays 53, as follows :
Ysas—Messrs. Anderson of Chatham, AatfersoBofWtrr.it,
Arinslrons of Bibb, Armslrone of Grtans, Rerrstt,Berry,
Uivinn, Black, lira inly, Buraoo, Cabmeaa, Cailo—.Y, Can noil,
Crawford ol Itarria,Crook, Dclrgnl, Uiaon, OnbfesoB, Ector,
Fiimhrmtglt, Flemming, Gaulding of Pike, Gsaukn of 8»e-
warl.G- urge, tioode, Gordon, Graham, Gray,Grr.a ofCraw-
fnnt.tir.enp of Macon, Gtterry, (Suyton, Hanafitl, Harris uf
Baldwin,llorriaol Troup, llilf, Hints,Howard, Hull, Hutch
ings, lvpy, Jenkins, June., Kendall Lesativr, Lewis. McMul
len, M Italian, Oglesby, Owen, Penraon, ferry. Pryor, Rhodes,
Robinson nf Wilkes, Royal, Sanford, Hhockley. Smith of
Heard,8lukes,Strong,Varnadoe, Ward, War a of Washing
ton—cj.
Nava—Messrs. linker, Barnes, Baugh, Ball,Rellvia, Bird,
Born, Uryun, Unilard, Bullral, Butt, Chapmaii. ClilVou, Coop
er, tlnvia, Dottnony. Field, Goodman, Greene of Kabuu. Guil
ford. Hillinrd, Jeckautt, Jennings, johnaon, Keith, Kenao,
Kilgore, Knox, Leadbetier, Lumpkin, Meloney, Martin, Mob
ley, Moon, Morris, Peterson, Robinson of Early, Robinson ol
Lunrens, Knee, llor, at, Smith of Casa, Smith of Oglethorpe,
SiaOiird, Stapleton, Sumner, Thompson, Thornton, Villalon-
go, Wulker, Were of Madiaoo, Whitworth, Willie, Yarbo
rough— 03.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Friday, Dec. 5.
Mr. Jackson moved to recomtider «« much of ihe
journui* ol the House of yesterday, as relate to tho
passage of the bill tu establish a Supreme Court
for the Correction of Errors. Tha motion wns
foot. To reconsider, the yeaj were 51; nays 67—
us follows :
Ykah—Mcpmi-h. Arnold, Bnrnea, Baugh, Beall, Bellvin,
Bud, Brytui, Bullurd, Bnttral, Bull, Cabinesa, Davis, l)or-
iiiony, Field, GauldPii of Bike, Goodman, Greene of Kutiuii,
G nil lord, Hilliard, Jacknoii, Julmnon. Keith, Kenan, Kilgore.
Knox Lemlbciifr, Lumpkin,Maloney, Martin, Mobley,Moon,
M(»iiin, KohiiiMou nf Furl); Itowe, Boxar, Smith of Cuaa,
Smith nf Heard, Smith uf Henry, Smith of Oglethorpe, St uf
rord.Stiipleton, Stunner, Thompson, Thornton, Villnloiivn,
Wulker, Ware of Mudixon, Whitworth, Willis, Wyatt, Vur-
borough.
Nay*—Messrs. Anderson of Chatham, Anderson of War*
ren, AruiMtnniK of Bibb, Armstrong of Greene, Baker, Bur*
reti. Berry, Bivins, Black, Burn, Brandy, Burs- Callii'.vay,
(•niinoii,UliopinHii, Crawford of Harris, Crook, Dixon, Dii-
higuon, Rotor, Fumhrough. Fleming, Gsulden of Blewnrt,
George, Goode, Gordon,Grnlinm,Gray, Greene of Crawford,
Greene of Mncon,Guerry,Guvton, Hnn«el(, Harris of Bald
win, llniris of Troup, Hill, Ilians,Howard, Hull, Hutchings,
Ivey, Jenkins, JenniiiffB, Jones, Kendall,Lesseur, Lewis, Liv
ingston, McMullen, Mtisliun, Oglesby,(>w**i», Pearson, IVr*
r.v, Peterson, Piyor, lthiidus,ltohiiiHnii of Wilkes, Rnval, San
ford. Shockley, StokoH, Strong, Stroud, Vurnodue, Ward,
Whitaker.
<£tot'0la lUjjfgigBtrr.
SENATE.
TjijjRsRAy, Dec. 4.
The Semite refused to reconsider so much of the
Journals ol yesturduy, us relates to tlte passage of
tlm bill, giving additional privileges to (lie Central
Railroad und iluitkiog Cutii|iatty.
BILLS INTBOpUCKp.
By Mr. Buyntun; To compel person, owning
plantations anil property in tlm counties of Ran-
dolplt and Sicwart. to give iu and pay lux on said
property, iu lliosocounties respectively.
Mr. Jack-toil from the Committee on llte Stale of
the Re|iublic, made the following report, which
wits taken up, road, uud ngrecd it), to wit ;
The committee to whom was referred certain
Legislative resolves uf Mussachuselles proposing
an alteration in llte constitution of tiie United
Stales, so as to apportion repreaeiitaliun iu Con
gress and direct Taxes, urnoitg the several Stutes,
tit proportion tu their respective numbers uf free
white persons, exclusive ol Indians not taxed, b 'g
leave to offer tiie following report ;
Whilst your committee dissent ftotn tlto pro|to-
“ition to alter tlte Federal Constitution as proposed
by ihu Legislature of Massueliusetls, they would
exj>ress their tegrel that llte citizens of tlmt State
huve ventured by legislative action, tu adopt a se
ries of resolutions so much nt variance with llte
compromise, of the Constitution, und so muteriully
destructive uf tho interests unit liupftiuess of the
Southern portion of our confederacy, nml such re
solves. tiro in the opinion of this Legislature, hut
tlte sickly effusions of u blind funutuuisin produced
ill UI1 ignorance ot lint character of Southern Insti
tutions, anil u total disregnid for tlte ittlegri :y uf tiie
Union i Therefore he it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Represen
tatives of llte Stale of Georgia, Tlmt the Cousti-
tulion ol the United Suites, is tiie foundation upon
which rests llte Union of tlte Suites, und the Feder
al basis of represeiitaljuii secured in that instru
ment, hub tire result of compromise uinuiig tlte
members of the Convention thul formed it. And
uny attempt to alter tlte basis of representation ae
proposed iu tim constitution, would he a gross viol-
uliuu uf tiie fuitlt which wus pledged upuu its adop
tion.
And be it further resolved, That llte Legislature
of Massachusetts, by tho recent action hud upon
tiiis subject was iu un organised form, pluced her-
-elf in Hie opinion of this legislature, in an altitude
well culcululed lo disturb the coinproinj.e of tlte
Constitution, and tu encourage the fuuaticul crusade
against tile rights uf llieir Southern brethren, and
well adapted tu create serious apprehension us lo
llte perpetuity of llte Union.
And be it furl her resolved, Tliut Hi, Excellency
tlte Governor, he requested to transmit a copy of
the above preamble and resolutions lo each ot our
Senators and Representatives in Congress; und to
the Executive of tlto United Stute,, and to each of
tile Governor's uf llte several State,-
BILL FASSKD.
Relative to the mode und nmunerof electing the
Clerk und Marshal of the corporation of the city
of Milledgeviile,
Mr. Cone, Irom llte military committee lo whom
wus referred so much nf the Governor’, communi
cation ae relate, tu the Arsenal at Suvanmih, made
u re|>ort,recommending the appropriation ol *1500
to repair that building, and reported the follow
ing reeolution : Resolved. That tha said amount
of *15,00 be inserted in tho appropriates bill, to
be expended by the direction of llte Uamaor, (w
COTTON MARKETS.
Augusta, Dec. 3.
Tho receipt a for the senNOiiure uniiaunlly light; and a* tho
qmiHlitv oii huIf is limited, with a verv active demand,prices
have ruilied, unci ore now equal to tli« rules prnviouM to the
receipt of the lute fureieo aneounis. Wc quote extreme sales
• r >i u 7{ cent*—principal antes (>! n tlj ceats, remarking ihnt ft
veiy choice lot in fiquure packng«s would command 7 J a 7|c.
Macon, Dee.4.
I lie receipts for (lie punt week have been light, and the
pale* sumII; und iilthougli the last Foreign occoiiiiIh were de-
ruled I) unfavorable, mil market has been very little influenced
by them. Prices have remained about the same as ut our
Inal qut.laiioiis—from 5 to a v-ry choice article will com
mand fij.
The following is a correct Hecouni of the receipts in this
market:
Receipts ofCotton iu November, 1845,,,,,.,,... 13,345
Do. do. previously,...,, 10.987
24,334
•Stock on hand, 1st September, 1845,.,,,.. 1,051
25,384
Shipped in Novembei, 1845, .5 524
Do. previously, 4,912 -10,430
Stock on hand, 1st December, 1845, 14,949
Savannah, Dec. 5.
Ilifo.iov 5|.5(
Ordinary Jl , 6j
Fair ami fully fair 74 • 73
Good lair 71
MAURI ED,
At Cliunnenuggee Ridge, in Macon countv, Ala.,on thelOili
tilt, hy the Rev. Mr. Holmes, James F. Carte*, ofihineonn-
ly.to Miss Mary C., eldest daughter of Ur. N. B. Powell,
ol the former place.
To tiie Voters of Baldwin County.
V\7IEEIAM STEELE respectfully *11111 unees
▼ ▼ that lie is a Candidate for re-election to Ihe Clerks hip
or the Superior und Inferior Courts of naid county.
All who are deposed to support him for the above appoint-
meiita will please express upon llieir tickets, on the first
Monday iu January nexl,n* follows!
For Clerk Superior Court—STEELE.
For Cierk Inferior Court—STEELE-
Dec.9. 15 ,f
SAtlUE|j BUFFINOTON, Jl'.,
respectfully announces that he i* * Candidate for
the office ol Shcriffof Baldwin county, at the elec
tion in Jauuury next, with OLIVER H. P. BONNER as his
15 if
KAMI/CL II. HUGHES respectfully
nniiomicuHthai he is a Candidate for re election to
the office of Receiver of Tax Returns and Collec
tor of Baldwin County, ut the election in January next.
Dra. 7.15 tf
Administrator's Sale*
W ILL be Bold on Wednesday, the twentieth day of Jan*
nary next, at the lute residence ofllillier Hasty, de
ceased, in I'wigse county, all tlm personal property belong
ing to the eslute of said deceased, consisting of Corn, Fodder,
Horses. Hogs, Cows, Household and Kitchen Furniture, and
other article* too tsdiou* to mention. Terms of sale made
known 011 the day ofsule.
JOEL UORNK, Adtn’r.
Dec. 1st, 1845.IS td*
GEORGIA, Decatur County*
W HEREAS Wright Sanders and Thomas Sanders apply
to me for letter* of Administration on the estate of
Robert W. Sunders, lute of suid county, deceased:
Those arethereforeto cite and admonish all a*d singular
the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be anti
appeur nt my office witliinllie lime prescribed by law,to*how
cause,if any they have,wli 4 said letters should not be granted.
Given under mv hand aioffice,this 2d dav of Dec H f845.
18 HU JOHN P. DICKINSON, c. c. o.
Administrator’* Sale*
W ILL he sold under an order of the Inferior Court of Je»~
per county, while sitting for ordinary purposes, on th*
fust Tuced-iy iu March uext, at the Courthouse »n Jasper
county,
24$ acres off land* nore or leu,
lying in said county, being purt of the land* ot the estate cf
Stephen Mobley, deceased, known a* the widow'* dower
tract, adjoining Brandon, Johnston and other*, bold an ihe
property of suid estate for the benefit el Ihe heir*. Terms,a
credit till 25th December, 1846.
DAVID RODDEN, ) ,
FLEMING MOBLEY, f ra *
Dec.9,1845. 16 tda
Executor'!* Sale*
W ILL be sold at the late residence of Mra.Naney Mohlev.
deceased, on Tuesday, the 20th day of January next,
the perishable property of said deceased, c*w*istinf or stock
of various kinds, provisions, furniture, plantation todls, and
most articles common to a form. Lold lor tho benefit of the
creditors ond legatees of said deceased.
And at the same lime the eegrrae will be hired.
Terms made kuuwust the sale.
.. n DAVID RODDEN. Rsecutor.
Dec. 9,1845. jfoda
Administrator*# Halo*
A G REE ABLY to an order of the inferior Court of Wiikin-
■TX. son county while sitting for ordinary purposes, will be
sold before the Court-house door in trwlaien, Wilkinson
count %,on tho first Tuesday i* July next, the load aad un-
gross belonging to lb# estate of John Eedy,lateo( said caau-
ty, deceased. 1 oruia mads known na the day nf sal*.
n , .... HENRY EADY,Adm’r.
Dac. 1,1845. 45 ,p»
Ej*OfJH MONTH* after data applieatioa will h*
R made to tho Honorable Interior Cauri af Decatur conn*
tjSW’Hap sitting for •rdiaarjr purpeaes, far la* va to rail ii. a