Newspaper Page Text
Snch'.-d, That each Amctican <-flve\ ‘n the
port of Charleston, be requested to wear crape
ca the left arm, for ten cloys, from Wednesday
I. ext.
FOR TJI!-. K rj’X/.YG LEDGER.
Messrs. Lvkritt St I.vaxs.
AS there it every probability of a temporary non
rntercourfe, not o:,Iy with Great-Britain anti her de
pendencies, but with ‘he rest ol Europe, would it not
or oropei that the capital which our merchant* have
hitherto employed in lore!-:: trade, Ihoa and, under pre
fect and probableapproachii ■, eiiemv.il auce*,be applied
to uieful improvement, in airs and manufactures m our
own country ? Nothing could have a better tendency
t nroruote our real independence. Asa proof of
v 1 -cn you are requcAed to republilh, from the
Rational Intelligencer, the following publication •
A. SUBSCJUIiUR.
FROM THE NATIONAL IN TELLIGENCER.
3To the friends of the u, Jul arts and public im
firovcmcutx in b-r.h icjiises oj Congress.
Gf.nti.kmex—As the amendment of the pa
tent law is now under your consideration, i bey
leave to shew fiom some examples the great
importance of that subject in a national point of
View : from w hich we may infer the policy as
■well as justice, ot encouraging the efforts ot
genius, by securing the properly which they
may originate.
The English nation has been universally ad-
Tnired, not only for its industry, but for the im
provements and wealth it has derived from th .
useful arts, i e the cause which has led that
nation to excel all others in these particulars,
is not generally understood. The following
statement will dearly shew that this pre-emi
nence has risen in a great measure, from the
patent law ol that country ; which induces
men of talents to persevere in composing and
bringing into practice labor-saving machines;
or, I should rather say labor-multipljing ma
chines ; such as will enable one person to
produce as much work as had usually been
done by 40 or 50. Out of a great number oi*
instances which might be stated, 1 will state
only two to prove this fact.
In the, year 1770. the whole value of manu
factured cotton in England was equal to 1,300,
000 dollars per annum. This was principally
in corduroys, quillings and coarse articles. A
i> nit that time lliehard Arkwright (a man whom
nature had created a genius, but penury had
made a barbel) conceived the possibility of
s, inning cotton by machinery. After some
years ot experiment, and under every disad
vantage of indigence and sarcasm, he succeed
ed in making wnat is called the water frame,
to which he added the carding and roving en
gines; by which one person could pi ounce as
much yarn, and of as good a quality as 20 per
sons were accustomed to spin by hand in the
same time. His success soon bettered his for
tune,'created envy, and raised up a host of pie
tenders to his invention ; which, but a few years
before were viewed as the futile projects of a
disordered mind. Opposition arose to his
erecting cotton mills, .est the hand spinners
snoutd be deprived of labor and mead, iiui
tne wisdom of government protected him ; the
good sense ol the lew. overcome the prejr li
ces of the many; the engines progressively
improved, the cheapness of the yarn increased
the trade, more spinners were employed in
the new than in the old practice of hand wheels;
end men, women, and children of three years of
age, found work in the mills bv which t.iey gain
subsistence for themselves, and raised wealth to
the nation.
Thus by the genius and industry of one poor
and obscure individual, the value of the manu
factured cotton in England, has within the last 36
years been raised from 1,300,000 to 31.500,000
dollars per annum. Four or five years ago, the
English manufactured about 31 mi,nous of
pounds weight of raw cotton; which on an
average ot 33 cents a pound, leaves a profit to
the nat on of 21 millions of dollars a year.
This invention, which took place in England,
and the consequent demand for cotton, has
caused a vast cultivation of that article in Ame
rica, which wiv- not thought of 20 years ago ;
a id which could not now exist, had it not been
f>r the invention of the cotton mills. So that
there are planters in America acquiring many
thousands ot dollars a year, who must have
lived in mediocrity, or perhaps poverty all their
li es, had not the patent law drawn forth the
genius of such a man as Arkwright. Thus it
is, that the useful arts and improvements bene
fit mankind in general, though it is seldom that
their good consequences can be foreseen or
calculated.
STEAM E.VO EYE.
The second example to shew the importance
of securing to men of genius, the exclusive
right to their mental labors L the case of Mr.
\ fit. About 25 ye irs ago, be improved the
steam engine, by adding a separate condenser
and a rotary movement; by which it could he
applied, as the first mover to all kinds of mills,
instead of water wheels. The two great ad
vantages which arose trom the improvement,
were the saving of fuel and the power to es ah
lhh mills and machinery of ill kinds, whenever
coals could be found or delivered at a conveni
ent price. This had the sime effect, as it
would have had to multiply the number of wa
ter falls or mill seats throughout the country,
T he economy of coals encouraged the estab
lishment of such engines to pump the water
from the mines of Cornwall, it has save ! ni my
valuable mines from being drowned, has given
the means of working them much deeper than
was formerly the custom, and thus created a
vast wealth in copper add tin. Objects which
otherwise wouid have remained under ground,
lost to the nation.
Until the rotary movement was applied to
the *"■ atn engine, all tv.illr- i, London were put
in motion In water, wind or horses. When
iion ore w..s found, it was necessary to carry it
to a waterfall; which fall was necessary to
woi k the bellows of the furnace. W hen the
ore was run to pigs, time vas seldom water
safia i ‘lit at the furnace to work the forge. It
therefore was necessary to transport the
pigs to another tvmcr full, perhaps 20 or 30
miles ; this increased the cxpcnce and price
oi iron, and created two distinct branches of
business in the iron tiade, those ol the smelter,
ardfirgers. These two companies disputing
about the price i t pig iron, it occurred to John
iikinson, who was a smelter, to l ender him
self independent of the forgers, by erecting a
steam engine to forge the pigs into bars. This
he did, and perfectly succeeded , which new
experiment has set tinges and furnaces inde
pendent of waterfalls, for wherever ore and
coals a e found, (and they are frequently near
each other), steam engines may be erected to
blow the furnace and work the forge, or rolling
and slitting mills. T his is now the most gene
ral practice throughout England. The conse
quence is a great number of ironworks have
Ix-en established, and a vast wealth has been
drawn from the earth, which would now be ly
ing useless to man, had not the patent law sii
lnuiated the genius and activity of Mr. Watt.
By the power of his engine mam old mines
have been saved, new ones opened, cotton
mills built, corn mills and machinery ol” all
kinds put in motion, canals furnished with wa
ter at their summit levels, which otherwise
could never have been rendered navigable. In
tact such various improvements have been
made in mining and manufacturing in conse
quence of this engine, that it is almost impos
sible to trace them through all their combina
tions and happy consequences. But the fol
lowing calculation will give some idea of the
wealth they have raised to tiie nation.
Two years ago Mr. Watt had made 1500
engines at his ow r n works at Soho near Bir
mingham ; and bout an equal number had
been made ir different parts of the kingdom ;
total 3,000 engines. Estimating those on an
average at 12 horses power, each one would be
equaj to the work of 36 horses ; for it would
require three sets or changes of horses to keep
up i he perpetuity of motion like a steam engine.
I he 3,000 engines consequently perform the
work of 108,000 horses. To feed such a num
ber of horses, at 120 dollars each, would cost
12,960,000 dollars a year. They would con
sume the produce of 5 40,000 acres of land ;
which produce now goes to feed the inhabit ruts
and increase the industry and strength of the
nation, while the engine is fed with coals.
Having now considered this immense sav
ing ol the produce-of agriculture for ihc nou
rishment of man, I will now suppose that the
feeding the engine with coals costs half as
much as the feed of an equal number of hor-
Sl ‘s the profit of the, labor of each horse pow
er may be estimated at 120 dollars, or total
horse power at 12.900,000 dollars a year.
Therefore adding this profit to the savings and
consequent increase of agriculture— the saving
oi mines—the economy and profits of manu
factures, and the wht h consequences of ih v
in vein ion, it may fairly be calculated that it has
raised as much wealth to the nation as the rol
lon mills ; and these two inventions have with
in the last 30 years added at least 60,000,000
of dollars a year to the riches of England ; this
sum is c jual to 13,500.0001. sterling, which is
the interest of a capital of 270,000,000 sterling.
Hence while Mr. Pitt was spending this im
mense capital in non-pro Juctive and ruinous
wars,, the enius ot productive industry was
creating the me ns to enable the nation to pay
the interest. \\ iiich of these men, ihe pro
moter of war, or the inventor of useful arts,
merits most the lasting monument Os the peo
ple’s gratitude ?
May it be the ambition of every American,
whose mind has broke the shackles of vulgar
psejudicc, to encourage the liberal application
of the sciences to the arts. It is by these
means only that the produce of labor can be
multiplied and the enjoyments of life increased.
May the wealth which they produce be again
applied to their further advancement ; till our
country is converted into one continued garden,
the pride of Americans and the admiration of
the world. ROBERT FULTON.
attention”
sth Company!
r I ’HE members of the sth Company wi’l parade
* without arms or acquipments, on Saturday next,
at 5 o’clock ?. M and on every Saturday, at lame hour
(during the present war) in front of the Coutt-Houfe,
and in order that no person may plead ignorance of
the limits of the company iliftnet, the foilowino- are
ts boundaries . commenencing at Mr. Samuel Wil
liams’ (tore Morels wharf, from thence to the common,
from thence to Mrs. Bulloch’s corner of Barnard (1 1 it,
from thence to Mrs. Geo. Buffets cornet of Barnard and
Broughton flreet; thence to Mr. James Johnston’s cor
ner of Broughton and Bull streets, and from thence to
the river or to the (tore of Vleffrs Be qamin and Charles
Brooks, of which limits ail concerned will take notice,
and it is presumed that none wiii conceal or execute
himfclf from duty at thU time.
Job. T. Bolles, Caf)t.
July 16. 75,
XOTICib.
THE fubfeibers being about to be ahfent from
to"-n for a few weeks, humhlvd'fire all in
debted to tnem, titl.,-r i>, me ,r book account, to
come lorward and difeharge the fame by the 2>,th of
this instant, if not they may expea to find their ac
counts in the hands of a mag (t re a-- no lo ger in
diligence can p ffi >!v be given ; they a’ the fame
ome invite all to whom they are indebted, to come
forward and receive their pay.
Roberts &, Brant.
Ju'y *6 76.
Savannah,
THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 16, 1807.
T he late outrageous and unprecedented ag
gression on our rights, as a free people, by the
lliitish ship Leopard, seems, ot late, to have
taken place, in our newspapers, of almostevev
other subject ; and wc cannot but ailnnre the
patriotism and fine of country, evinced by Ante
r’ccin editors, in suspending all political contro
versies ol a local nature, and joining with one
mice to exclaim against these common distur
bers ot the peace—these lawless usurpers of
po\mi —this bund oi tyrants on land, and rob
bets and murderers at sea : but it is somewhat
singular, though nothing more than we had
pudieted, that the editoi ot the Augusta He
rald should have refused to join ir. unison with
others ; and chooses to attach all the blame to
our government and public officers. In noti
cing’ the I to catastrophe, lie. has filled near two
columns of his paper of the 9th instant, with
basu-si uiility aiiil abuse levelled at our Presi
dent and national councils. \\ e have once had
occasion to remark, that Mr. Hobby was a dis
contented kind of a man—sat sfied with no
thing, and finding fault with every thing, done
by our present administration: Phis circum
stance is a striking proof of the fact—nothing
that the present administration have done—no
thing they could do, would meet his approba
tion. This being admitted (and no one, wc
presume, will deny ii) we feel ourselves in du
ti bound to ask pardon of our l eaders for hav
ing thus taken notice of him ; for he merits
none other than the contempt of every real
American. Ihe want of room onlv prevents
our republishing his comments at full length,
which ai e, of themselves, sufficient to brand
tniii authoi with that infamy ami disgrace he
so justly deserves.
A letter from Richmond, dated the 24th nit.
received at Petersburg, says— >“ 1 have scarcely
any news to communicate, except a circum
stance staled to have taken plm e in Alexandria.
A gentleman just arrived from that place,
informs, that at a town meeting held he lore
he came away, three or four persons were
thrown out of the court-house windows, for op
posing some of the resolutions offered at the
met ting. ” — Charleston paper.
Captain Davis arrived at Philadelphia on the
28th oh. from Lisbon, spoke, on the 19th nil.
the ship Hazard. 28 days from Amsterdam
the captain of which, informed him, there had
been a dreadful engagement between the Rus
sians and French, on the 2d of May, in which
the latter were defeated. Bonaparte has lost
an arm, and was otherwise badly wounded.
On the foiegoing, the editor of the American
Daily Advertiser, remarks—‘that the latest
advir.es of ihe French grand army, were to the
23 1 of April, from Amsterdam on the Bth of
May, and from London, the 16th. ‘I he Hazard
must have sailed about ihe 20th of May, and
consequently brings intelligence from the con
tinent of Europe ten days later than has been
heretofore received.”
St. Mary's. Camden Cotm'y. Georgia.
10 h July. 1807.
It being announced bv the Tntendant and Counri’ of
the town of St. Mary’- that an important communica
tion, bad been received from a committee of correspon
dence of the borough of Nnrfo'k, relative to a m-ft
cruel and linnarallelled outrage, committed on our na
tion, by a Kritifh iquadron, together with -hi tain refo
lurions, entered into bv the citizen* of Norfolk and
Portsmouth The citizens immediately convened,
at th - Court-house, in the ton nos St. Mary’s, at fix’
o’clock, I’. M. unanimously called Major Japie* Sp a .
prove *n the chair, and appointed Charles Stahl, Esq.
their ferretary. 1
R ”soi.v ri, That the thanks of this mee'ing he piv
en to the citizens- f he hoiouph of Norfolk, for the
prompt dedlion and truly patriotic conduct exhibited
bv them, in paflinp certain resolutions, derai'inp fla
grant violations offered to our country hv the British
squadron, and their determination to hazard their
lives and lortune- in defence of their country,
RESMvrn unavimouliv, That James Seaprove,
Archibald Clark. William G hfon, John Pnf* and
David G. Jones, Efqrs. he appointed a committee, to
report resolutions to he fubrnitted to the coofideration
of an adjourned meeting of the citizens, to he held at
the Court-house to-morrow, the 1 1th instant.
JAMES SEAGROVE, Chairman.
Test. Charles St a ul, Sec’ry.
July IT.
Apreeahle to the notice of yesterday, the citizens as
femb ed, and the cnmmit'ee appoint,d, laid before
them .he following resolutions which were unani
mously adopted.
Resolved unanimoiislv, That we will not fuf
fer ary (hips, veflVs or fuhj-'As of Great.-Britain, to
receive any fupplits whatever, in our port or on our
coast, that we can prevent—and that we will hold as
enemies to our country, all and every person, and per
sons who (hall ho and any communication with Jin i(h
(hips or veffel*, or afford them any supp ies.
P r solved unanimously, That (lioufd any at
-ernpt lie made by the officers or cp-w of any British
(hip or vessel of war. to obtain, hv force, either watei
or provisions, on the (bores of this diftriift, we will
oppose them by force of arms, at the hazard of ur lives
and propeity.
Resolved unanimou.si.v, That the pilot* of this
diltrnff ill il. not be permitted to extend heir iervite*
*0 any Britifii armed vessel that may apj roach our
waters.
Resolved unaniwou lt, That the resolutions of
the inhabitants of Norfolk and Porrl'ifiouth in Virpinia,
adopted 011 the 24th of June, an droop evidences of
th”ir rour-ge, and humanity, arid that ‘heir proprie y
of condudt merits the approbation of every real friend
to the interest, honor and prosperity of our countiy.
Resolved unanimously, i hat we will hold as
sacred and inviolable, the resolutions this day entered
into, and to he continued in full force and vi tue, until
ir (hall be officially known, that Complete faiisfarftion is
rn—de for the unv/an aritshl aggrellion, committed on
our national ve el the Chesapeake.
REso r ved UN A N im-ju Y, That this committee he
requested (in order to carry the above resolutions into
effect,) to corieipondend with the ;iu-tu 1 tutting :a
the Interior of our country, and recommend .1 co-npcr£-
tii'ii in the measures adopted by this meeting.
L isoi vi and unanimously, That these nfolutionj
containing tht (cute of the inhabitantsgeneral'y, ough t
to be pubiithed, as a testimony of their aeal, to liq.j ort
the honoi of the American flag, and their and. fne to co
operate w.ththcii fedow-citiz.i ns in any mealure that
may be diretfted by tbe conlluuted authority ol cur
lt.itt*, or of thu general g ovt nnu-nt.
Resolved unamvou.my, I bat John Floyd, Vit
liain hcott/l bonus king, Will, a Jolinftrm, 1 lurks
Floyd, N. S. Bavard, N. R Greene, Jo! n C. lloufloun,
Ilaac Crews, Jolt; h R. JVlackay, and James Smith, be
added to the preleiit comiuee for the purjofr cl Cany
ing the lorepOing resolutions into efi.a.
Resoi ved unanimously, ’that the thanks of
this meeting be tendered to major Janies Seat rove, for
his cheerful and prompt acceptance 01 the ih.ur, and
the patriotic dilpofiiion.he hath ihewn in the difeharge
ol the duties afligned him.
k I:solved unanimously, That the committee
now agreed on, be conftitm and a committee offafety, and
that the honorable James Seagrove be the permanent
chairman thereof.
JAMES SEAGROVE, Chairman.
It'll. Charles Siah l, Xec'ry.
|CT” The Toasts drank at St Marv’s on tho
fourth ot July, are in type, but arc necessarily
laid over till Saturday, when they shall poui
iHcl) have insertion.
PROPOSALS,
I-or pubhfhing a Newspaper in the city of Savannah,
to he entitled,
Federal Republican Advocate, and
Commercial Advertiser.
This p*per wi’l be publiftted every Mondav and
Tlinrf lav, cm a large Koval (beet with a good type,
at li X lb liars peranmim, one half pa able in advance.
Tbe Adv.catt lira!l be unceafingl; dev edu -he
d< free and preltrvation of the great principles of
our revolution, and cf the federal con ft unto >n: :nd
as far as tbe feeble abilities cf the editor (with tbe
I). ft literary aid he can procure) wi;l enable hint, to
the tig ‘ant ik ieTli 11, and den im lied exposure of
th fe falfe and abominable doctrines the offspring
< f revolutionary France, which, from their holioity
to r.-afoil, religion arid I'.icial taw, have an imm- tliate
tendency to poilon the minds of the people, and e
ven uallr to jeiq a tlize the sovereignty and indepen
dence of ihe country With ibis declaration, iiom
s’ ch ho ], etlg, s hjmfelf never o devia e—he an
ticipates the pi - n,pt and liberal fu port of all thole
vvho, will him, fit terely vi iterate the great charter
ol our liberties, and with him too, are auxioii* to
preserve and to tranlmit to p llerity, unfu‘ ied and
vvithi ut hlemifli, the reputations and the principles
ot the heroes who atchievcd it
JOHN CARMONT.
Savannah, Jul ,18 7.
Snbfcribtimn received at M (Tr. Ronalds’s Kook
Store on the Bay and at he Exchange Coffee-Houfe.
[The foregoing profpeau* is pub'ilhnd hv a requell
from the Editor In comp ying with this requell, we
fei'l it our duty to anticipate certain enquiries, which
wil., of rourfe, be made by liinie ol our reader*, and to
reply to them, as far as our know edge of fails, and
infru mat ion obtained by enquiry enable us to do. ‘1 he
firll quellion will probably be—W hat is this “ Federal
Republican Advocate,” and what is its intention, &i.t
this cnqniiy we anlwer—lt a paper hitherto
called ibe I’A I KIO I , cltab.ilhed, a few year* ago, as
a Republican print, (by Mr James Helm) and for a
length of time, advocated principles of democracy but
has lately, under the editorial uire&ion of this Mr.
Cartuont, undergone a change in its politics, and is now
about to change its name.
Another enquiry may, perhaps, he—Who is John
Carmont— where from—has he talents and character P
We anlwer—Me is, as we have heaid, a native of
Scotland, not a citizen of America, never having taken
the oath ill celfary to make him one...As to his talents,
we have seen nodilplav ol them in the Patriot, or any
where file; nor do we know, that he pofleffus any... \&
to bis political tenets—he is laid to be firmly attached
tohisnative country, and her rulers...Of his private
relptu‘l ability, we know no lung, 1101 have we any rea
fen to douljt, never, till lately, having known him in
any other capacity than that of fchool mailer, the du
ties of which, wc are willing to believe, he difeharged
with fidelity ] Edit. Rep.
Removal.
G* ILFERT’S Millinery Ware R r v rr, s removed to
Glic house aie y occupied b M-. G-orge Pen. ,
lies door to James Dicklon, efq. Market quart
July <6 p 7 6
(J.J° During my absence this sum
mer at the Northward, my j AVV BUSINESS will
j ’ K auended to bv GboiiGE Wot.DRUFF. Chaki.es
! ‘lakkiS, 1 Cuvi.Eii, F T Fi.yming am Hitti
| Attn M S 1 ites, esq’rs. Bufmef. in which I may
be individually concerned, will a’fo be attended t(z
hv K S’l es, efq wfio has a power of attor
ney forthat purpose.
11. Leake.
June 27 | B
15 Doll ars Reward.
\T’U.[. be given to any person who will lodgt
*” in Jad or deliver to the Oyerfeer nv n M s.
WYLLY'S plant • ion on Skida vay Kluid—two
Negroes anfweriog ihe f'dlowing defcriptiou :
811.1. Y, about five feet ten or eleven inches iri
might, tolerably well firmed, though fome what
llei ier, is remirkable f >r being feidum been withi ut
a 1111 lie upon Ins i umenai ce.
KIWI., ah ut five feet five or fix inches high, ex
ceediv.gly we I shaped and muscular, face (omewhat
marked nh the lmal! p -x, C’ uritenance burly.
Richard li. V’/ylly.
JuT “ ?J
GEt)R G! A, p 3;. Th mas Bourke.cli rk of the C urt
•- S. \ | Ordinary f r thtO.ui yu( Chat.
I h ii urke, jb’ani in the (tate afore laid.
IV’ 111. ‘f. A * Joan Caig has m.jde atip'ica'ion
for lent” sos adnnniflration on the eflate arid effects
of ihe reverend K beit Smith if Sou. ii Carolina, de
cealed, as jirn cipal creditor.
‘lhtl'r are iheref re to cite and admomfh all
aid 1.1 gular tbe kusiired and Creditors of tho laid
deceal.'ii, to file their f bjeflionsf I any tliey have) m
my eft,cc, on or before the 6tli day of Aiiguit r-xq
other wife leuert of administration will be grained
him.
Given under my hand and feat, ‘his 6th day of
July, in the peat “f our Lord o\e thoulaod
i igii’ hundred and (even, and m the jiff year
of American Independence. t P