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plies, could nut tall sSoit of $6,900 Tne rr..n
sit of owners, visitors on business w ith eithei
those engaged in ihe factory, orthose drawn
Round n in other pursuits, together with those
wh i visit tor pleasure, and the tnecha lies and
operatives going to and fro, would in all proba
bility produce iu’l tour thousand more. And
how will this state ot things compare with agri
cultural pursuits unaided by a home market ?
Such labor engaged in the culture of cotton in
this State, may be estimated to produce an ave
rage of 3 bales or 1200 pounds to the hand,
w irth not more than 870; it is true he makes
mpr ■ provisions than he consumes, but the cot
ton is the only marketable article which is pro
duced, and when sold you have to deduct the
cost of the bagging mid rope, which is necessa
ry to prepare it lor market, the hire ot the ope
rative,or the interest ot his cost, the interest on
the land which he tills, the mule and agricultu
ral implement which be uses. You then have
to clothe him, and the balance will be the sum
left to support the community around him. In
speaking of the innumerable sources of profita
ble employment which a cotton factory of tie
cessily gives, this very occupation of cotton
growing will be enhanced hy it, and when we
shall hive such establishments scattered
throughout our Slate, and God speed the day,
how much good will be done in giving emplov
ment in the shape of overseer and clerkships to
the idle j-oung men now to be found in throngs
about our towns and villages with little else io
do than smoke segars or whittle with their
knives.
In New-England the manufacturers turn into
coarse cloths from 10 to 24 bales of cotton, 345
lbs. to th? hand, per annum, aud the labor costs
from 2 14 to 5 cts. per lb. according to the fine
nes or weight of the cloth. Ihe experience
ot the manufacturers of South-Carolina have
proven -hat Ihe same may be done herewith
equal facility. We have now in our possession
several monthly retains Iro n cotton factories
in .his Stare, showing the cost of all the labour
attending the operation of converting raw cotton
into cloth to be 2 3 10 to 2 3 4 cts. per lb., and
yarn from I 3 4 t<> 2 cts . and these statements
include all the labour troni opening the bale ot
raw cotton todelivering the bales of yarn and
cloth into the wagon at the factory door, inclu
ding the par of the machinist and night watch,
in fact all the indoor expense attending the
operation; these establishments are in ah im
proving condition and the proprietors are con
fident of being able in future to produce still
better results. One ot them, a small establish
ment, produced in four weeks ending May 31st,
10,550 lbs. of yam and 19,267 lbs. or 38,533
yards ot cloth, the cotton cost 51-4, cloth sold
for 8 1-2 cts. per yard or 17 cts. per lb. the yarn
for 15 and IG cts. per lb. the latter principally in
New-York.
These statements are authentic and we think
are su*h as ought to carry convicion to the
minds of all, ol the perfect practicability of con
ducting this branch of business to profit in
South-Carolina. The establishments from
which these statements were made, are on a
sm JI scale, and ol course cannot work to the
same advantage which larger ones would be
expected to do. Their results, however, show
most conclusively, that largerones, put up with
all the improvements of the age, would defy
r on.petition from anv quarter. Can any one
doubt, who believes tnese statements, that capi
tal will pav remunerable interest if judicious
ly invested in cotton manufacturing in Smith-
Carolina? Will men who have sense enough
tomakemmey In any other pursuits, doubt
their ability to make a judicious investment in
machinery for this nurpose? To harbt r such
doubts, is but little belter than locking up gold
and silver, putting it beyond the light ot day,
lest it take «ings and fly away. Such distrusts
do not become the enlightened capitalists of our
co tniry, and wherever they prevail in the pre
sent age of progressive improvement, their in
fluence will be most seriously felt in paralizing
enterprise in every department of trade. We
cannot believe that the capitalists ol Charleston,
and in fact the State in general, lack the bold
ness aud forecast necessary to push this pursuit
to the glorious consummation of all we think it
is destined to effect. To insure success, the
most important considerations are, a healthy
location, never failing water power, proximity
to a market tor the purchase ot the raw mate
rial, and sale ot the mmufactured goods; in
procuring machinery, avoiding by all means
new inventions, taking for a guide the best
N-w England mills in successtul operation, and
making the kind ot cloth which is intended to
be made. After ibis, a judicious selection of
agents to conduct the business, and the careful
attention which is requisite in the management
of a large capital in any other pursuit, will in
sure success.
It is here shown that cotton is turned into yarn
and cloth, in our own State, with our own do
mestic labor, ata cost which would not pay the
various charges which attends the transfer of
the raw cotton from the interior of South
Carolina to many of the interior manufacturing
establishments in N. England, and it must be
self-evident, that before we cease to make
profits bv thisspecies of manufacture, the mills
of the interior of the Northern and Eastern Suites
must either abandon the coarser fabrics, or
cease to run. Need we undertake to still the
apprehensions of those who entertain bad loie
bodings on the score of the political charges to
whi' h the ireduction of manufactures may
lead. Can any man in h s sober judgment
conjure up a dream, bv which he can biing
htmsett t<> the conclusion that a capitalist in
South Carolina, in changing his investments
from cotton planting to cotton spinning, would
thereby be induced to abandon bis free trade
principles ? Is there auy thing inherent in this
business of spinning and weaving cotton, that
should naturally prompt men to avaricious
grasping* after monopoly ? Is there any com
mon sense in the supposition that men so engag
ed will seek government protection from com
petition with the European manulacturer, while
they are able to convert cotton into all the com
mon cloths of which it is made, lor 2 1-2 to 5
cts. per lb?
The idea is too preposterous to be lor a mo
ment entertained. Many ot the European spin
ners pay, in addition to first cost, lully the latter
sum,before it isdelivered to their hands-all the
charges incident to the passage of cotton from
any of our interior towns to the ware-houses ol
the seaports of England and Fiance, now the
duty i* off in England, may be fairly estimated
at 2 I-2cents,and in many instancesit pays an
additional sum fully eq tai to this, before it
reaches its final destination.
In looking to the proposed change may we
with any propriety apprehend embarrassment
in making our foreign exchanges with Great
Br tain and other countries? Certainly those
■who find it necessary to purchase our cotton
will not be able with auy justice to comrlain
at our bestowing on it before it leaves us ail the
labor which its enhanced value will compen
sate. We go lor doing all that can be done to
profit; if we can put our cotton into a shape
that will lender a bag worth 60 >r SBO when it
reaches Charleston, instead of $25 as at present,
■we say it should be done, and risk the conse
quences If those who are the purchasers of
our raw material are to have the power, not
only to fix prices to our great staple, but to pre
scribe just how much labour we shall bestow
on it, we shall indeed be in a bad box. There
is no duty on Colton Yarn in England, and
there can be no doubt on the subject ot her re
ceiving the coarser Yarns from tisfreely as she
has heretofore done our taw cotton, not only
for export, but for her own consumption, anti so
it would be with France. And there is no good
reason why we should not set in a claim for
a portion of the forty million- ot dollars worth
of Yarn exported yearly from Great Britain to
the German States Neither is there any thing
unreasonable in the supposition that we may be
come spinners for the looms ol New England.
It we can sell them yarn cheaper than ihev can
purchase the raw cotton and spin it themselves,
it will not take them long to find it out, when
they will be found ready customers in exchang
ing their muslins, calicoes, fancy goods and
Yankee notions for it. Many entertain ti e
idea that the introduction of manufactures will
naturally create monopolies and restriction
which will cripple freedom of trade. It is cer
tainly natural and just that every man should
be allowed to sell and purchase where and from
whom he pleases, without restriction, but this
does not at all clash with the doctrine ot home
manufacturers, for when once established we
will find it desirable to trade at home, for the
reason that our own tradesmen will be able to
serve us better, and cheaper than foreigners.
As to monopolies, this is too enlightened an
ase to hold them up as bug-bears. Accumula
tion ofcanital in one individual's hands, is in
some sort a monopoly, and so is a congregation
of capital made up from several individuals.
The congregation of a large amount of capital
tor any particular purpose, may iu the same
sense be termed a monopoly, but we hold that in
our State, for all the purposes lor which they
have been used, they have ptoveu monopolies
tor good and no- for evil. To-llustratc the ef
fect which congregated capital in cotton manu
facturing would produce on the people aud
interests around us, we will take the veriest set
ot robin rs and plunderers, as thev are some
times called among us. The Massachusetts
incorporated company at Lowell, with a capi
tal o* fieHMtOno in lands, houses and oiachinerv,
ana 9409,000 in mercantile capital. They
own four mills, all located in on- vard, roninin
ing about 27.000 spindles and 880 looms; thev
manufacture about 10 000 bales of cotton into
cloth of superior quality per annum, with the
labor o' 885 han s; this cloth is worth, at the
present time, in all the principal markets, from
22 to 26 cents per lb. Now, let us picture to
ourselves a similar establishment in South
Carolina. Il is said thalamong the individuals
wh se names are attached to a subscription for
raising the necessary capital to put upa factory
in Charleston, there are four individuals who
are collectively worth $2.000 000. let us sup
pose, now, that these men form a company—a
joint stock company -with a charter from the
Legislature if'vou will so have it, with a capi
tal ofSI.OOOOOO. We will locate them at a
healthy point, uear tr.s jiue ot'oue of oil’ Hail
Roads, where a waterfall on a never-failin;.
stream tnav be obtained. Thev inw-sr j n ] a nds,
machinery, buildings, &c., I*Booooo. and re
serve S2OOOOO for mercantile purposes, which
will be amnle, as the raw material is so near
a 1 hand They would have to employ 1099 r«
1200 hands, particularly at first, tn do what RSO
accomplish in Lowell. They w nld >nrn 10 000
bales-<»i.cotton into cloth or 29009 bales into
yarn in twelve months, and this latter article
would be worth, No. I? to 20. about J 8 cts. per
b I'tiv open • ■<> c <ulu ma fan to builu up a
iuwn ol *■ in 3000 mnabuants, give a n impetus
u> agrjvul tire an all species Os trade for many
miles amitod, and add some thirty or tony thou
sand collars worth of trade to the South Caroli
na Rail Road, and do for Charleston about as
much good as it the establishment were located
within the bounds ofihe city, for her merchants
would furnish ail the supplies and dispose of the
manufactured goods.
Reader, look to this picture, and see whether
you can by possibility conjure up out ol it, a
rightful bugbear. Could inese gentlemen by
such a disposition of their capital be regarded
as other than benefactors ol their country, and
should they in thei foully power even stand by,
oh, tell it not in Gath, with their hands tn their
pockets, and em loy agents who should live in
fine houses and wear silk elov s, for be it remem
bered that to manage such an establishment
would require a man of more than ordinary
talet is. We think there are but tew m*-n to be
found who would not be willing to award 10
such men the title of beiietaciors of their coun
try, tor it they employed whites, the establish
ment would be tar grealei chai Hy ihan 0111 Or
ph>n Asylum, and in a religious point of view
would be worth a dozen missionaries.
No. IV. Conclusion.
It has been urged by some witters that manu
factures have not tin ived and rannot thrive in
Southern climaus, but this we hold to be a
great mistake, and those who feel an interest
in the matter may soon satisfy themselves on
the subject, by reference to the history of the
world lor a few centuries back. It is true tbit
manufactures arc carried on most successfully,
at present, in Norihern climates, but we hold
that l is has been brunght about by accidental
circumstances, and nut by natural causes; the
idea ot one country rearing the raw material
and another manufacturing it, is ol recent date.
Hemp growing countries have always been,
and are now, the must successful m.i’nutactu
rers ot' tnat article. The sam- may be said of
flax and silk, and wasthecase with cotton until
very recently.
As tar back as 2000 vears before the Christian
era, we have accounts of the cotton inanutac
lures of the East Indies. In Alexander's time
we read of the splendid cotton robes and cal
icoes of the East. l'ne eny of Ro ne, in th ■
daysol her glory, wasa large consumer <»f India
cotton clotns. In Arabia, upper Egypt, and
many other parts of Africa, the inhabitants were
growers and manufacturers of cotton. When
Mexico was discovered, cotton was grown in
that country, and its manufacture into beautiful
and costly robes had advanced to considerable
perfection. In the 13, 14, 15 ami 16th centuries,
Italy, the south ot France, and Spain, were
lamed for manufactures. As late as the 17th
century, Spain was regarded to be the most
ski tulof the European nations in the manu.'ac
ture of silk and cotton, she lost the art and
her artisans through her religious persecutions.
Many persons were exiled and found protection
and every possible encouragement in England,
wheretlre value ol home manufactures began to
be appreciated, and notwithstanding the great
encouragement given to manufactures in Eng
land, she struggled for many years against het
more *•■• ■e*sfn! Southern 'ompetitor. From
rhe year 1697 to 1700, England import’d about
35 millions ol dollars worth of India cotton
fabrics, and about this time it being made ap
parent to Paiiiameto that these goods cost five
parts in six less than may couU be manufac
tured for in England, laws were passed pro
hibitifgall such goods as could be made in
Great Britain; but notwithstanding all this,
heavy drainsstill continued to be made on that
nation for the finer fabrics, the rnanutacture o
which seems to be peculiarly adapted to the
patient, enduring, locomotiveless people ot
Southern climes. About the year 1780, the
new and wonderful lights of science began to
break tn on the world, when machinery began
to be adapted to manufactures; this ptoduced
very important changes by giving ascendancy
to Christian and civilize ‘ nations, which alone
could apply the arts and give stability and
security to properly, so vitally important in the
prosecution of business requiring large invest
inentsot capital. About Inis lime, the conti
nental war br< keout, which convulsed for many
vears the greater portion <.f the civilized world.
For thirty years England remained in compara
tive quiet, while her Continental neighbors
were suffering undet the devastating influence
of war, which brought fire and sword to the
door ot every inhabitant, paralizing every
human effort, and scarcely allo ■ i g sufficient
quiet to produce the breadol life; this accounts
tor the success ot England over her neighbors
on the continent. Sue is, however, ver. fast
losing her ascendancy. France is making
rapid strides and will not oe contented while
she is second to England. In the south ol France
and in parts of Italy, the inanutac ure ol fine
woolens, silks, and cotton goods are already lar
in advance of En.'land—thus much lor Europe
Now, ho -has it been with us in the United
States? It was not unti 1808 to ’ll that we
thought seiiously of manufacturing, and it is
well known that, at that period, South-Carolina
and Georgia were intoxicated, literally drunken
with the prospects of golden harvests from their
cotton fields. New England whs suffering under
an exhausted soil, and crippled commerce, s-<
that she maybe said to have been driven into
the business, and had the same causes existed
then which are now operating in Souih-Carolina
to induce her to embark in such pursuit*, there
can be no donbt as to what the results would
have been. From reading the accounts of the
loathsome condition ol the factory operativesot
Manchester, many are led t • the erroneous im
nressions that manufacturing fta* a tendency to
degenerate morally and physically; that opera
tives are of necessity shut up in close, dnstv,
unhealthy apart uents, where the heat must
render the atmosphere detrimental to huma
health. It would probably he well to inform
such persons that cotton factories are ot ne
cessitv well ventilated, being open, with win
dows to admit light from every side.
Such buildings range in size 1r0m40t065
feet in width, and from 80 to 400 leer in length,
and are Irom 3 to 5 stories high, so much lor the
factory buildings; and as regards dwelling
houses, our operatives will not be likely to be
crowded together, 20 or 30 in a room 20 feel
square, as in Manchester, having to tesort to
such crowds to keep warm in winter, and hav
ing no means of procuring better quarters in
summer. We have plenty of space, and abun
dance of fuel, we all know how cheaply log
cabins may be put up in the country, and that
while such a resort secures the operatives from
the poisonous effects of confined atm 's here, it
accords with our ideas of comfort. Any one
who has spent a summer as an operative in the
cool shade of one of these manufacturing estab
lishments, will be very reluctant incur climate,
to change his situation amt encounter the broil
ing sun of a cotton or corn field. The labor is
exceedingly light, and we are very sure that in
the heat of summer many an operative it asked,
would tell you 'hat the hardest part ot his dav’s
labor was walking home a quarter of a mile
through the hot sun lor his dinner. Our facto
ry operatives invariably give up the business
with the greatest reluctance, and when driven
Irom an establishment for bad conduct, they are
snr? to be found hanging about another seeking
employment. And taking ((altogether we think
it clearly susceptible of proof that manufacturing
labor is a more befitting employment for south
ern than northern peasantry.
Aie we fearful >hst we may become so in
fatuated with the business as to produce a ruin
ous competition among ourselves? for we think
it has been proven that t- reign competition must
give way to us in the coarser fabrics. To sat
isfy ourselves on this point we have only to take
a glance at the frnir.en.e an. tint of capital now
engaged in this po •ricular species of tnanulac
tore and to the immense markets daily opening
for »uch goods, aud at the rapidity with which
the Ne v-England people are embarking new
capital in it. Yes, the spindles put in operation
in the northern tin I east, rtt States, tn the last
twelve months are more 'han we may expect to
supply ourselves with for ten years, should we
even set about the matter with the most deter
mined spirit, and we must not forget that the
mills of New England will be our competitors
lor all the markets of the world, our own no.
excepted, and while we labor under the disad
vantages ot their competition, we receive none
of the advantages which are always derived
from communion. We should certainly not be
Content with any thing short of supplying our
selves for home consumption with all the do
mestic cloths which we can profitably make,
as we are now doing with osnaburgs, having of
that article a full supply for the consumption of
the State and a considerable surplus to export.
This article, however, constitutes but a small
portion of the coarse fabrics which it will be
found our interest to make ; the range of which
covers all the brown goods sold in this market,
as vtf’ll as those from which all the bleached
dved and printed cfoms are made of a fineness
not exceeding 55 threads to the inch. To give
some idea ot the immense consumption ot such
goods in this State and Georgia, we will here
remark that a single house in Charleston has
sold in one year 4033 packages, making 3,379,
727 yards ofcoars- cotton cloth, other than osna
burgs, and this alone is a greater number ol
yards than is produced by all the manufacturing
establishments now in operation in Georgia and
South Carolina I
How much may be added to this quantity by
the importations of other merchants ot this city,
Augusta, Columbia and the other smaller
towns, whose merchants 'rade directly with the
northern and eastern cities, we leave the reader
to draw his ovn conclusions. And when we
come to add to this the immense quantities ot
linseys which we will supply ourselves with,
so soon as the dr gs are killed off, and our yeo
•natrry can supply wool in sufficient quantities,
the amount swells to an enormous extent, and
we perceive at once we have a great work to
accomplish before we shall be able to supply
ourselves with all the domestic fabrics of prime
necessity and every day use. Permit me to re
peat again that our only hope fora more pros
perous sla'e of things, will be found in render
ing available the resource* which nature ha*
spread iu profusion around us. Let us then
rake the bull by ihe horns, and turn the arms ot
our adversaries against themselves—let us
make everv effort in our power to bring about a
state of things which will enable ns to produce
our own bread and meat. It is perfectly idle lo'
n« at this day to talk ot ynxincir g particular
-tantes only, and purchasing bv commercial
exchanges the necessaries of life which every
planter ought to have around him, the product
of his own labor anti soil Any country will
gr w pool that depends upon foreigners to sup
ply her with bteadand meat. We nave aui
veisity of climate and soil eculiarly cal u
-1 .ted to render us the must independent of
Slates Ont ut per districts are well adapted
to wheat, the middle districts to cotton and corn,
and both sections abound in wa er power—our
riveralluvial lanus to Hay—our seaboard to
cotton and rice. Indeed there is no article of
provision which caitn tbe produced by us as
cheaply asit can be raised in other States and
transported to us. w heat is worth but 50cent>
per bushel in the interior of'his State and Geor
gia, and southern wheat when made info mer
chantable flour is preferred by the bakers ol all
countries, and we belieee it h.is been decided to
have more nutriment m it than that which is
made from wheat grown in northern climates.—
Yet,strange to say, we ate large consumers ol
flour made from vheat which has been raised in
Ohio and in the interior ol New York, where it
is purchased at Irom 90cents to 81 per bu-hel,
and has to trav rsea distance <>f near two thou
sand miles before it reaches thia city to be dis
tributed throughout the State
Let us endeavor to supply ourselves with
corn, oats and hay; we surely cannot consider
this a profitl. ss business, while the farmers on
(he Roanoke, in North Carolina, and persons
in Ma yland find pr fit in making grain for us,
alter paying all the charges incidi nt to its tran
sit to our markets; ami persons on the bankset
the Kennebec, in Maine, find themselves com
pensated in furnishing us with hay, nothwitn
stan.ling the immensely heavy charges which
must attend this bulky article from the imerioi
of ihe State ol Maine to Columbia and Ham
burg in our State. Indeed, it is a reproach upon
cur country that the patriotic efforts ot our Rail
Road Directors, in reducing he freight of hay
below that otany other article, to promote its
importation info Charleston from the interior
of South Carolina, should have resu.ted in the
shipment of large quantities of northern hay to
Columbia and Hamburg; while it is a well
known fact that we have many thousands ot
acresol swamp land in the vicinity of both of
these places, some of which, near Columbia,
have been put in cultivation, and ate now
yielding three tons (6,600 lbs.) to the acre, worth
Irom $1 to $1 25 per hundred, and not reqnir
ing more labor than is necessary to bestow on
an acre ot land cultivated in cotton. Why
should we not raise our own horses, mules, beef
cattle, hog* and sheep? Why should we n..t
spin our own cotton info yarn and cloth, and
bale it with our own domestic cloths? Why
should we permit ourselvex to be
by theftorthern traeSßßMfght out
shape of shoes, while we have all the material
and labor around ns necessarv to do ourselves
justice in the procuring such supplies? Let us
t-ncourage our iron masters to persevere, by
putting their own shoulde s to the wheel, to im
port the men ot science, who are making such
rapid strides in developing the res- urcesoiother
Slates, not as rich in mineral treasures as our
own. Let us encourage the formation ol new
agricultural societies, that every man who feels
an interest in his country may become enliskd
in the cause of pushing forward scientific agri
culture and the mechanic arts. We will thus;
be brought into contact with each other—many
will be induced to writ’, and others to read. In
this way the literary will be able to impart his
knowledge to the working man, and receive in
turn the practical results of the observant la
borer, and in this manner we shall be able to
combine our efforts in promoting any change
which may be thought desirable to be effected
in the country. As there has been a great deal
said on the subject of the revolution which must
soon lake place in the industrial pursuits of our
Slate, and particularly as to our becoming a
manufacturing people, we will venture a tew
brief remarks on this subject before we close.
What is intended by those who advocate the in
troduction of manufactures, particularly that ol
cotton? Some people seem to think that everj
planer should go to work to spin his own cot
ton into yarn, make his own shoes, &c.; others
that the present system of agriculture will be al
once overturned, our rice and cotton fields turn
ed into potafoe patches, and we become, as it
were by magic, a tarmrng and great manufac
turing people. Any chsnge for the better must
he gradual, or it will not he permanent. In at
templing to it trodtice manufactures, no doubt
many improper things will be done, and much
capital will be wholly lost to its owners by in
judicious investments in machine y. The idea
of a planter manufacturing his own cotton into
yarn, is impracticable, and should not be at
tempted until manufacturing knowledge is more
general with us, unless it be by those who can
go sufficiently large into it to avail themselves
of all the advantages which manufacturers de
rive Irom rhe employment ot men understand
ing the business
To proceed, we will ask, again, how is the
change to be made ? We would say, let the
present agricultural capital and labor ol the
country remain very much as it is. Those en
gaged in these pursuits must be content to look
tiir (heir advantages in the general prosperit
which will be brought around them, tn an in
creased white population, good common school
the example of a working class of white peopl
around thei' children, a home ma ket tor tnei
agricultural products, increased value ol rea
estate, and good road- lor lite transportation < 1
produce to maraet. They must learn to kee
out of debt—to slay at home and save then
rnot.ey (much ot who h is unnecessarily *xpenu
ed in visiting ihe Northern State-) to be ex
pended in improving and beautifying our nwt
country; thus 11 aktng it not indy desirable to
ourselves to remaTff in, but inviting to inhers.
They should raise more horsesand mules, beet
cattle and hogs - pay inure attention to the
rearing of sheep—in short, plant less cotton an
become, by degrees, ore agricultural. Bu
the question about irianuficitiies is vet to be an
swered. To what ex ent is it de-irable to em
bark in this bu-tness, and how is it to be brought
about without heavy drafts on the agricultural
capital and labor of the rountry? We would
say that South Carolina should have about 40
or 50 factories located al various points over
the State, and that they should lie similar es
tablishments to those belonging to the Massa
chusetts company at Lowed, and be employed
in making the kind of go <is produced bv those
mills, say, brown shirting and sheetin'? | md
yard wide, three yards to the lb.; drills, 2 70100
to the lb., and print cloths, about 4 to 5 yards
to t' e lb., and varn lor export. These mills
c mtain about 7,000 spindles each, and 220
looms. They should be put in operati >n and
own'd by the capitalists now in the State, not
engaged in agriculture, and a sufficient quantity
of the stock owned by merchants, to give that
ela-s of men the control of them; there is no
lark of capital, for Charleston herself could
furnish a l uge portion of it They should work
white or black labor, spin yarn and weave it, or
spin alone, as their interest might prompt them.
These mills might be expected to work up about
2,500 bales each per annum, an 1 assuming the
latter number of mills, say 50, would convert,
collectively, 125,000 bales of cotton into yarn
and cloth of a fineness varying from No. 12 to
24, and we might estimate each mill to require
from 225t0 250 operatives; and this, you will
perceive, would give employment to about
12 500 persons. They would be whites or
blacks, as inclination might lead the owners.
The presumption is that the majority would be
whites, and these we have in abundance around
us, and there is no doubt but the introduction
ol manufactures would bring them all into em
ployment, either in such pursuits or in agricul
tine, so that, instead ot weakening our agricul
tural operations, that force would, in all proba
bility, be strengthened by the o; eration, without
even an emigration to our State. But who can
doubt that the intrt duction of manufactures
would give us large accessions to ou- white
population. Anv one who has looked at the
progress of other countries that have introduced
manufactures, can attest to the truth, that it lias,
in all cases, bettered the condition of alt classes,
bv enhancing the value ofagricultural products,
and giving profitable employment to all who
are willing to work.
Each mill would n quire about $250,-
000 capital to put it in complete order and fur
nish all the mercantile capital necessary to its
successtul operation. sl2 500 000 would be
requisite to establish 50 mills and carry on the
whole business. One-fourth of thtssnm would
he mercantile capital, the greater portion of
which would be furnished by ourbanks, and af
ford them the kind of I usiness which is so de
sirable to all banking institutions, a-d the lack
of which is the reason why our Banks cannot
pay good dividends to their stockholders. The
operationsol the Vatrcluse Factory are princi
pally carried on by a credit irom the Bank of
Hamburg, when it is necessary to purchase
cotton for the supply of the factory. That in
stitution discounts the bills of the proprietors
drawn on Charleston at six months. These
bills are met in Chariest' nbya payment in mo
ney, or what is more desirable to the Bank
which has the collection, a draft on the com
mission merchant who has charge ol the sale of
the manufactured goods in Charleston, New
Orleans. Baltimore, Philadelphia or N Yuk;
and these drafts ate drawn at 10 20, 30.60. 90
day*, or 4 months, as may best suit the parties
"rawing, as well -is those who discount the bills.
Can any man doubt as to the practicability of
raising so laige a sum ? Prove the business to
be profi'able and it will soon be forthcoming,
either from capitalists in or out oi the State,
and it matters not to us which. It would, how
ever, be years before it cruilo all be applied. A
single mill such as we have named could not be
put in operation in less than two years, and
with all the zeal we could bring to onr aid lb
would require ten, fifteen, and probably twenty
years to pnt fifty lareecotton mills in operation
so that it will b perceived that there is no great
danger of having everything suddenly turned
topsvtiirvey bv the introduction of cotton manu
facturing in South Carolina. The changes,
however, « hich he establishment f fntv cot
ton factories would make in this State is a fruit
ful theme of imagination. They would he
competent to spin a quantity of cotton more than
equal ro the entire consumption of the State ol
Ma-saehtwetrs, and if well manjtgefl we think
would take from her the business nt coarse spin
nine, which has made her the richest and proud
est State in the Union. She haiffceretctore done
the coarse spinning of thi* country, and the ad
vantage* *he ha* had in th- raw material has
given her the supremacy over England in this
Branch ofentton manufacturing, and
h*r to *ncce«sfiiflv compete for, and in many
instance* to monopolize th* best marke s of the
wopltf. And we possessing nearly as many ad
vantages over Massachusetts as she has had
over England, what i* so prevent us from »trik-
ing for this immensely valuable trnoe? While
onr present agiieultni'al population Would re
main lo.be eni| Lived very much as n is. in
planting cotton, though we th 11k tn a very nu
proved condition ; be-e fitly iactin ies, u itn then
12.500 operadves, couhl not tail to do for us
wnai has been done lor Massachusetts, tn a
short space of lime, double our while popula
tion, clear up out swamps, and put our thou
sa<dsof acres of wilderness (atiit into a high
stale ot cultivation, elevate the condition ol out
population, and give, as it has done in Massa
chusets, a new impetus to everything around
us. In all this change, can any one for a mo
ent sup use that the wheeisot onr eummeit r
are to be impeded? Th. y would, in all prut a
hilitv be accelerat' d lour told. England would
not stop to count the c st of this opetatfon to
her mai'Utac ores, she has long Min e given up
the business • f mski. g the coarse fabrics, as
will be seen by reference to form inufaeturtng
and export statistics. Ihe Yankees are now
making efforts to compete with her in fine num
bers and have made heavv s rides and large in
road- into this branch ot her trade, and it will
only be through them that onr competition W'll
be felt, a- we pu-h tnetn fr m the coarse to th
finer numbers. We think it will not be consid
ered extravagant to predict that theday is not
disraw « hen the uh"l<- world will be looking to
the co"on gr. wi g States for yarn to supply
their hand and power looms.
In conclusion let me urge the good people ot
South Carolina to press forward in strenuous
endeavors to bring about such changes as will
bring into active use all tfib capital in our Slate
lose'the wheels to work and give employment
to the idle persons around us. It we do not bv
this means-h-.rien the production ot our great
staple, we shall cut off the sources which ate
every day impoverishing us, and we shall grow
rich in spite of.lhe tariff and the low price of
cotton. Let us listen to no man who will tell
us that our delightful climate is too debilitating
lor sue essfullj’ prosecuting manufactures.—
When we have thefacts betoreourei e- that yarn
can 1 e made for a less sum than it win cost to
carry the raw cotton outot the country in which
it is grown, how can we entertain a doubt as to
our capacity to supply the Yankee, English,
German, French or even China looms. It i
perfectly idle to talk about combinations to short
en the production of cott .n, or to expect perma
nent relief from the la jiff, by other means than
rendering ourselves independent of those who
have combined to fix it upon us. This will on
ly be effected by making available th» magnifi
reety suutces ot wealth wfvreh-nature has scat
tered throughout onr land.
The beginning of our days of prosperity
will have commenced when we shall hear our
northern friends complaining of'the lavish ex
penditures of ihe public purse, for the rea
son that it comes out of their own pockets. —
When wc shall hear complaints Irom a certain
class ot our brethren in the far east, who by their
wits have learned that they can half ran a hide
with hemlock bark, split it into four parts, im
perfectly stitch, or peg, or paste it together an.t
•alm it off on a southern man torasAwe. When
we hear this class of men lamenting that South
Carolina ha-hereye-teeth cur, and has reallv
become sensible ol the tact, that the b' st ot oak
tortanningabounds in all parts of the Stale,that
' er citizens have learned that it i- better to pay
$1 12 to 81.25 tor a p-ir ot shoes ‘ onestly and
faithfully put together, m de of well tanned un
split leather, which will last a whole winter, than
to give 65 to 80 cents for a pair made to deceive
the purchasers and often unfit for use after two
or three weeks wear.
And her prosperity will be in lull tide, when
we shall hear of large manufactories being put
op at the east, to be filled wiih thousands ot
power 100 ns, to weave up southern yarn—when
we shall hear K> ntnckv complain that «e are
no longer customer* for her hemp bagging cloth
—whenweshall hear the great valhv "f the
west complain tha' her horses, mules, beef and
pork will no longer bring them money in return
from the southern Stales, that she 1- compelled
retake in return what we now term Yankee
homespuns or domestics—when our hills will
be covered with green pastures, and grazing
flocks of sheep—when South Carolina may b
furnishing herself with iron—when we sh II
see a large portion < f the swamp lands ol
the Santee Peedee, Wateree, Co garee, Elisto
and Savannah, &c., brought into cnltivatfon.
'he Edisto and Ashley c nnected by a canal,
and th’ slock ol the Saniee Canal n stored to it
original value hy the transit ot boats loaded
. ith grain and s'ack of hav,thussupplyingoiir
low c< untrv « ith that which we are now import
ing from other Slates—when we shall have rail
roads leading 'o onr iron n ines—VcAdamizen
roads irom C< Inmbiaand Hamburg to vatfoti
noi ns on the N Carolina line, thus enabling its
to feed on our own interior wheat-when our
nmher cutters shall Ire foun t to be engaged
n producing the materials for Ihe c ms ruction
•ft 'wns and villages in onr own State inMead
>f others, then, we say, wdl the tide of our pros
neriivbein full flood, and we will no longer
'.e under the neces-itv of se. king exped'. n s of
■elietsuch asthose recommended hy Mr D tvie
'Ve will have ceased to he under the influence
•I flnernations of the Liverpool arket, and j
ill have rid ourselves rd'that position which
has made u« ot rer-ent days a loot hall to b
■ icked about by ihe Manehestei spinners and
Liverpool cotion brokers. Wr will have dis
continued to be hewers nt wood and d>awer
■t water tor those uho tax us as they plea-e
Onr tnb will stand on ttsown h im
sou ■ h r arolina.
From the N. O Tiopic, Itilu inst,
Texas*
The schooner Atalanta arrived yesterday
from Galveston bringing the Weekly News of
he sh. There is nothing particularly new or
interesting. The News is filin' with the cor
responcence between that Government anti
Mexico rela'ive io the reergnition of Tex n
Independence. The funeral solemnities in
honor ol General J < k-on were celebrated oi
the 4th. The morning was ushered in by a
N itional salute of 29 euns, and diping the day
the “ Stars and Stripes” were seen floating from
several Consular offices in the ety At 10
o’clock, a procession marched to the'Episcopal
Church, where an effective discourse was pro
nouncedby Rev. Wm. Eaton. In the afternoon
there was an oration appropriate to th* Anni
versary of American Independence. Theneus
publishes a list of 63 D-legates to the Conven
tion which met at Austin on 'he 4'h. E.ght ol
the present members of Congress are member s.
The following resolution was introduced in
the Texan Congress on the last day of the ses
sion, but it seems that the House, alter various
motions, adjourned without acting upon the
question: —
Resolved ty the House of R epresentaJives, Thai
the course of the Executive in relation to th
question of Annexation, has been unpatriotic
and unwise, attempting to thwart the people in
their well known wish, to re-unite themselves
to the great political family of the Uniter'
States, and throw them afloat again upon th'
Toubled sea ofa separate existence, tn be the
sport of a policy hostile to Liberty in both H>
mispheres; and that h* may not be ei abled b
throw further obstacles in the way of this great
measure, and ultimately effect its defeat, we
recommend to the Convention ol the people of
Texas to establish a Government ad interim,
until the Constitution ot the State of Texas
shall go into effect, as b»ing the most certain,
effectual and economical mode of securing our
Annexation to the United States.
New Cotton Factories continue to go up at
Lowell, and dividends of twenty per cent, pet
annum are certainly powerful inducements to
capitalists. A large and splendid new mill is
now receiving its machinery: another is going
up, and workmen are digging the foundation o'
a third Our New Yorkcapitalistsare moving
and we understand lactories are going up in our
vicinity; one in N wark, on* in Brooklyn and
one in Williamsburg. H r)t a doz»n cotton
factories in th* vicinity of New York city would
I ave some influence on the Tariff question.—
N. Y Sun.
Death or an old Patriot.—Jos. Hackett, a
nativetot Lvnn. Conn., and one u! the earliest
settlers of Oxlord, Chenango county, N. Y., a
soldier of the Revolution died at Oxford on the
4'h inst., al the age of 78. He had trequ nrty
expressed a wish tnat he might die on the
Fourth ot July. To him it was a sacred day,
and the fondest aspiration of the old man seem
ed to be that he might leave this world on rhe
Anniversary of American Independence. Hts
wish was gratified. “ Peace to his ashes.”
Correspondence ot the North American
New York, July 16—P M.
In the way ot general n*ws then- is nothing
worth naming. Ihe coroner has plenty to do,
holding inquests upon people drowning and dy
ing from ‘ stroke of the snn, ” many ol them re
ported apoplexy, but the weather is the chief
cau’e.
There appears no sign of relief. The heat
still continue* a* int nse as ever. A'6 A M.
henieren'v was at B<>J at noon 94, and at 3
P M. at 90 which is fully equal to any pre
vious day.
Stock* »re quiet enough. The sales are a
mere trifle, and withiAn material change in
prices. Brokers generally left the street at noon,
and altogether the sun has driven every thing
into the shade.
The Philadelphia G z*tte ot Tuesday [eve
ning had a report that VI r. Bn ch? nan had resign
ed the office ot Secretary of St ,te, on account ot
differences in the Cabinet about the Oregon
question. The Washington papers d< not
even notice the rumor, and but for the si’ence
of the other paners we might interpret the taci
ttrrn'tv ol the Union into an admission of its
truth; for that paper having adopted rhe plan <4
contradicting all false reports, leaves it to he
interred that all rumors that it does not contra,
diet, are true. But we thtnkthe rule not a good
one in this case, and that Mr. Buchanan has not
resigned.— Bull. Pat.
The Weather—Fir several week* manv
plantations in this section of rhe country had
stiff red gre tly for want of rain—the shower*
were few and very partial, hut within a few
days, we have h d c pious sho vers, which a*
’ 't a* we can learn, have been general and ex
tensive. Some crop* of corn have been greatly
injured bv the drought but we h ne the injury
is not so great a.* has been reporpsl. Thi* *e*
tion of connrrv stands a drong tb»trer l ►fa* nv
other with which we are acquainted.— Albany
Ga. Pal. 16th insl.
tLidiltrUu uiib X’li tl tl
Ul. 1 1 , 4. A
MONDAY MORNING. JULY_9l__
A Mammoth Newspaper for $2
TO i LUBS.
AND AI.I. OTHFIt PFR-ONft WHO DE'IRE A
cheap and valuable newspaper
WEEKLY CHPONP LE & SENTINEL.
TEN copies ot the W’iieklv Chro'-iclk
and SestiNsl '•i'l "ent to a club of Ten
person* one vear, forTwcm-v Pot-LAaa
Anv person remittii g Five Dollajs will be
entitled tn Two cos ies one .'ear. or One copy so
Two years whi hover may be desired.
Snglecon' one year, Three Dot. abb. Our
term* are Invariably in advance.
o All au sc iber* within thirty miles will re- [
ceive their papers free of postage.
Manufactures at the South.
In another column of our weekly paper will
be found a series ol article-, which have just
a reared in the Charleston papers, upon this
important end deerlv interesting subject. We
ask for them in advance an attentive and care
ful perusal. With the writer’s Free Trade n<>-
ti n« we of conree do not sympathise or concur,
but his views in reference to the importance of
establishing manufactures ar rhe South are well
worthy of consideration, and equally apply to
Georgia as Carolina.
Charles McDowell, E-q , ot Pike county,
has been nominated as the Whig candi lare tor
Senator from the district composed by Monroe
and Pike counties.
The Mississippi Rrpudiators, who style
themselves pnr-exrellence the “ D mocraev.”
have nominated A G Brown, the present Go
vernor. for, re election. Jefferson Davis. Ste
phen H. Adams, Robert W. Robe ts and Jacob
Thomsot^wre. nominated for Congress; John
D General, Jamfs E
Matthews for Auditor, Wm. Clark for Treasu
rer, and Wilson Hemingway, tor Secretary of
State.
Books.—Mr. Holmes has sent us “ Barnes’s
Notesonthe Epistles ofP tul to the Thessalo
nians, tn Timothy, to Titus and to Philemon;”
“John Ronge, the Holv Coat of Treves and the
new German Catholic Church No. 31 of Har
pers’Pictorial Bible; part IX ot the Dictionary
ot Practical Medi"ine; Nn 13«>fthe Wandering
Jew; No 15 ot the " Nevilles of Garret-town ;”
and “ Westward Ho!” a novel by J. K. Pauld
ing.
Prttpna and Fashion.—lt is now stated po
sitively that these horses will run against each
other, ovi r the Long Wand course in October
next.
Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine, for July, is
filled with articles of great interest. The se
condot the series is a very elaborate paper on
'heCommerce of France. The National In
telligencer, noticing that portion of which re
lat's to the com nercial relations between
France and the United States, savs:—lt appears
that the foreign commerce of France has, dur
ing the last fifteen years, very much increased.
Divi lingth.it period into ’erms of five vears, it
will b“ found that th“ las' term has increased
fil per cent, on he first, and 25 ner cent, on the
second. The general maritime commercial
movement ot France seems to be divided into
52 pe; een'.witb Europe, and 48 per cen'. with
the remainder of the world. Os the former,
England takes tn ire than one-third or 17J per
cent. r?f the entire maritime commerce ; of the
latter, the United States takes 35 G lOths per cl.,
or about 17i percent of the wlple.
The maritime commerce of France is con
sirjere.t as being 72 uer cent, of the whole ; the
commerce by land 28 per cent.
Os the enti •• commerce of Fiance with rbe
whole world, both maritime and by land. E g
land -epresents 12 B''erct.
Uni'ed Stares. 125 do.
Swi’z»rland 8 3 do.
Sardinia 82 do.
Pelninm 7 2 do.
German Union 6 6 do.
French West Indies.. 5 9 In.
Snain 52 do.
The tfotred,.Abw* <re» net d"-n 175 000 POO
francs, or 15 er O'nt <>f ihe wb<de anionn> ol
imports, and at 144 009,000 Irenes, or 17 rer
cen'. in value d prodnvs admitted for consump
tion.
ThpcT-orts of rhe Unite! Sretes am e{tima
red (1843,1 generet cornorerce 97 000 000 frs.;
special commerce 66 000 000 francs Os the
entire amonn', *2 321 64| francs were in s ; !k
-onils 20.483 915 lr ancs in woollens, and 7,1’3.-
868 : n n iton good*.
O’ theimnpfls from th’U”<led States, (1843.)
219.739,198 francs were tn curnn wool. 6G, 128,.
876 francs in tabaecn 7,H6 160 francs in raw
allow and Inrrl, and 4,804,359 Ire. in lice.
The whole exnr-rrs from Fiance to
Mexico for 1843, was f2l 239,031
3’hc whole i neo ' j ,t o France from
Merle ■ for 1843, was 1.7,259,135
The w hole expo-re bom Prance to
Texas for 1843, was f 136 615
The whole iw nrs to France from
Texas for 1843 was f. 90,800
Run out of Money -The " orkinen at the
Brooklyn Navy Yard., it is said, are receiving
no money for their work, on account of the ap
propriation being all expended. They arecom
nelled to sell their claims on the Government so
shavers, at a ruinous loss. And this too, whilst
there is an idle surplus ot $8,000,000 in the pub
lic Treasury.
The Slaver Spitfire with her appurtenances
was sold at auction on Tuesday, at Charles
town, Mass, far $3,300, cash. George W.
Taylor was the purchaser. She is about four
years old, 100 tons burthen and well found in
sails and rigging.
1778.—The number of British vessels cap
tured by American privateers, in two years
alter commencement of the war of the revolu
tion, as stated by the Journal <f Commerce, was
seven hundred and tbirty-thsee. containing up
wards ot thirteen thousand men. The aggre
gate valueot the shipsand cargoes, aQer deduc
ting one hundred and seventy-four, which were
captured and restored, amounted to X 4 823 000
sterling. American products had greatly ad
vanced in price during the same period, so that
at London in February, 1778. tobacco had
risen from Gd.to2s 104. peril'; pitch from Bs. to
36-; tar, turpentine and pig iron in the sane
proportion. The English, it seems from this
fact, were then dependent on the colonies for
their supplies of wgsron.
Marine Disaster. —We have been shown a
letter Irom St Augustine to Capt. Francis J.
Cercopelv, of this city, dated the 14'h inst.,
which mentions the loss of a small sloop on a
rock between Mosquito and Kev West, On
hoard the vessel wasa family bv the name of
Prime, on their way from St. Augustine tn set
tl a' Kev 'Vest. The crew and passengers
consisting <>f Mr. and Mrs. Prime and children,
• leven in all, with the “xcentmn of a small bnv
and tv > sailors, peri-hed. We have no further
mirticulnrs. but th» fac's as far as stated may
be relied upon. Savannah. Republican.
F re in Savannah.—Extras from Ihe offices
rd rhe several Savannah patters mention that a
fire broke our at that nlace abont 4 o’clock on
Saturday afrernoon.on (ndian-street lane, Yam
acre w, in a snail one stnrv house occupied bv
a negtobv the name of Flanders, the tames
Irm which soon extended to the stable of Mar
shall. a tree negro, which was soon consumed,
tog-th"r with about a dozen other s-natl houses,
princinally oecnnierfbv negroes The wind at
the time was I ght and bl u ing from the South ;
bad it been from any other qinrter it is stared
that a number of hnildin ’s similar to the above
would have b-ren destroyed. The damage sus
tained was trifling, as th buildings consume t
were ot but li'tle va'ue I’ is supnosed that it
was th“ work of an incendiary.— Charleston
Courier of yesf. r dny.
Cirrespondcnce of the North American.
New York, July 17
There is nothing to relieve the dullness no
ted tor the past two weeks; husine-s remains
almost st gi nt, and only saved from that by
the presence of a few Southern me'chants, « h<>
are to iking round previous to making their pur
chases.
Os the weather, nothing favorable can
be said. It still continues hot »s before. »nd
dear' s by strok of rhe sun are more comm n
than in New O leans. The Coroner has an
excess of work, and it is said had ten cases
waiting his atu>ndance at one time y-st-r'ai
The great sport of tlt“ lav is the annua
Regatta; ten sail srerted from Hohik’n thi
morning at 9* anrl proceeded d-wn the Rat
to the S. W sj i'. A targe party of ladies an
in attendance, bu’ owing to the almost entire
ahse- ce ,f wind, a most important item, the
spoil ha* not been very ejcitlng.
I'erc La i liaise-
The Paris corresponds nt ol tne Newark Dally
Advertiser, tn his last letter, gives Hie iulluwiUK
■tescription ot Pcre Ua Chaise, the celebfated
<• m tery ot Paris:
As a whole I was greatly uisappotnted.
Every thing solemn loses in the hands ot Hit
French its grave character. The chinches
with their gliding and pictures resemble Itiea.res
tar more than places fur divine .torship. This
is particularly predt ableol thime ol leeem Con
'■ruction, such a L'Eghse Si. Vineeut de Pau'e,
and Le Notre Dame dt, Loiette, winch aie
sliown to strangers as wuilht of high approba
tion. So with the ci rnetenes, and that of Pt ie
L ' Chaise, of wliieh 1 atn now writing. The
street leaning to it fium the “Place He la Bas
Hile” is well calculated lu prepare ihe muni for
a visit. Tnis avenue is ociu, ieu by dealeis la
liiiiib stones and tuner. I garlands, and s large
a quantity ot sepulchral aiciitieclitre is spread
al i g the sides of tne way, th Ush generally
without inscriptions, as almost to make one
ibink he has already entered the piecincisui the
consecrated ground
A large gateway, however, marks the en
trance. L’lie gate posts are of stone, plain, with
the exception ot tne carved torches, w bicb f irm
the corners, and the inscription on one ol
“Spes illorum irnino-talitate plena est, Sapient
111. IV ;” and on tneother, “Q n credit in me,
ettani si inoriuus merit, vivet, Je n II " Tne
gales are of oak. Gue soon loses the solemn
feelings which he expe ienced in bis w. Ik
hither He finds himself in a cemetery where
rest the merchants of Pads, whose tombs sub
serve hedouole purpose ot displayingttie wealth
of the faintly of the deceased, ano as an advet
tisement or sign for his successor in business.
One for instance, bore an inscription like the
follow ing. Here lies butcher in
sheet, number , &c. Th s tomb purports
to have been erected by his ass etionate son and
successor in business at the old stand. Ihe
multitude of monuments at first fill one with
astonishment, and are put into the ground wirh
ou any form or regularity—Some are even,
others are uneven ; they are set sidewise, corner
wise, in anv wise th 4 thev can be packed. An
oblong of Steel bv 3 with a railing round, anti
a monument within is succeeded by another
"bl ng, another rail, another monument, amt
thus the entire cemetery is densel, stowed, un
varied except in the variety of the sepu chral
archite, ture, and now and then a union of two,
three or tour okU&MSALmetres” rich
skeleton would not bn contented withonta larger
space to lie in. Between the tombs a narrow
pass ot 6 inches or one tool wide leaves room
for a few stunted trees, and so the cedar ano
spruce have contrived to secure a foothold.
It In le taste is discovered in the general plan
of Pere La Chaise, it is to be found in the tombs
themselves separately. The monuments, when
isolated, present beauties which are hidden by
their unfavorable situation. They are of all
sorts. The in-ist remarkable, such as that ot
Helcise and Ab-lard, have been often described.
S mie ot late erecion, and those, which lot
the r elegance or peculiarities snuck my atten
lion, 1 shall venture to skeich, trusting that I
have selected such as have escaped general
notice.
It is astonishing t_> see how man regards his
last resting place. He who was all his days
content to live in poverty, in a garret, whin
dead, seeks lor a mausoleum ot marble, to the
ere-tion ot which the nigg-rd saving ol years
are to furnish the means He who was satisfied
topass a lifetime in obscurity, desires a posthu
inousimmortality. I husapoor “epicer” who
lived in a retired street tmknowingand unknown,
noon liis marble monument has placed his por
trait, painted upon canvass and tirotected from
the winds and storms by a bell glass. Others
have casts in plaster of Paris, some painted,
and these may be found in diff rent spates of
decay in all parts of the grounds. Others who
rishi to live longer in the eyes of'he world have
them in bronze and marble of all kinds.
Far more of the monuments record expres
sions ot feeling and sentiment, in which this
nation so lar excels all others. It is not then
surprising, that we find numerous tombsol the
most beautiful, lovely, virtuous good ot the
earth; each ol whom the r triends fondlv
imagined to be the best. Mai y plain slab
united by clasped hands, whose arms spring
from the stnniiiil, perpetuate the virtues ot a
husband ai.d wife, whom “death had severed,
anrl death had united.” A .other bears u on ii
under a hell glass a piece of embroidery form
ing a wreath ol fl wers, tn Hie centre ol which
was the insc'iptiun “To my sister,” which
would look much like a lamp-s'anil, if one did
n t see tnerein the beatingsol a wa'in heart. F t
the tomb of a dissenting minister a p liar of
some ten feet of n arble was elevated, surmount
ed bv a cushion on which was lying an open
Bible The efl'ct was very g-rnd. The monu
ments were mo t ot'hem hollow with an iron
do t and variously adorned with win ows ol
colored glass in cruciform and other shapes
Ab nt the walls wereinscrip-ionsol the vaiioits
m mbersot the faulty deceased. Some con
tained busts. O'herss allshrines with cross,
fl iwers, &c , and all, of every class and kind
almost, had numerous wreath'of artificial flow
ers hanging upon the iron fences or laced in
glass cases Sum- were q lite file.! with them
am! little statues ot saints and ray ing children
in plaster. To many were a-ta lied Itnle jots
o r ses, pansies and other semimen'al plants
These are the rich and their tombs ate lie
“ perp'Mial graves ” wuere heir bones will re
main tv-disturbed. Those who are not suffi
ciently rich to buv this right, are deposited in
a q iarter assigned th"m for the sp ice of fiv
veais, when being entirely decomposed they are
di'in erred so m ke room lor others. Th ■ third
sort to be provided for are the oo.ir who are al
lowed the ch rity. shall I sav, luxury of a grave
for five veais also. This class however have
not a portion ol land allotted them A large
trench is dug some f.ur feet deep. I wirnessed
several funerals ol this class. The bodies,
(those which 1 sew were infants) w-re borne
enclosed in a r ffi n ot unpainted boards r.d
wrapped in bl. ■ k upon the shoulders of a sex
ton; behind which follow' d the mourners. A<
he let the coffin down fiom his shoulders to th
ground, the body slid from one end to the other
with a most unpleasant sound. The black cloth
was rudelt pulled a vav, and the coffin slip ed
down to the m m bel >w, who took it and placed
it in juxta-position with those there b-f >re. The
moiil I of preceding generations was then scat
tered two or three inches thick noon the top,
barely hiding it from sight Tie uncovered
side was immediately concealed from view by
the next comer. Having filled up some dis
tance, the dnsf was heaped upon them, the
square wooden cross, painted black, with th- 1
insciipti n wi s ti en fixed as near as could be
computed, to the spot, where 'he body, to which
it belonged, was laid, the wreaths pnt upon it,
and all was finished.
For five yeats the mourner can come to the
sacred place, which contains the ashes of her
depart* d relative, and bewail her Ii s-. Beyond
this time, affection cannot find the spot, where
the son or daughter, all that is dear in life, is
placed The poor mother cannot hope to lie
alter death bv rhe side of her child. No in
scrinti' n can perpetuate the niernorv of either.
“ Hie et übique” is wri’ten al! over the ground,
and obliterates all others.
The money that has been lavished on the
monuments ise. ormous. Twenty-five millions
of dollars is the estimate of an expense which
cannot be accurately ascertained. But tor this
great sum you will look lor something beauti
ful and sum tuous, you will find it. This com
pnra'ion « ill cease to appear extravagant, when
it is remembered that many of the monuments
are the works ot the first sculptors in the coun
try.
Fatal Occurence—During the heavy thun
derstorm on Saturday evening, 12 h inst, tour
horses were killed by lighming, and two men
very seriously injured, atone of the Devil’s play
places on the Chestatce River, in this county,
known as the “ Briar Patch.” Ii seems that a
large number ol persons bad collected at that
place for the purpose of witnessing the old anti
quateit barbai'jussportsotCOCK I IGHTING
which came off just before tne occurrence ot
the above catastro he The tour h.uses killed
were tied to a little locust Hee in the yard of a
little doggery into which the sportsmen had fl d
for protection from the ; ebing storm. And
whilst quaffing a social glass, to disnel the
gloom incident to a stormy evening. Leaven’s
artillery let loose her thunder bolts, knocking
their glasses Irom their lips, while in the very act
ot swallowing the poisonous dr dt—setting the
K ngs. Queens, and Ka-ires, wiih which a group
were amusing themselves in one corner of the
grocery, to dancing a new and interesting cotil
lon, and bursting into atoms the heads of seve
ral whiskey barrels.— Dalon’ga Watchman.
Two Steam-Schooners Blunt -Those two
well-known steam schooners, the Eagle and the
Lion, that have been for more than a twelve
month past plying between this citv and New
Orleans, were burned to the water’s edge the
night before last. They were laid up at the
time, and undercharge of the U. 8. Marshal,
ai a place on B 'gue Homa Creek, known as
McGee’s Ferry, about six miles above ihe cilv.
I he person who had the vessel in k eping is
said to be a trusty a.id upright man, every way
competent to discharge the duties a-sienedtiim,
soth’t no blame can be attached either to him
or the Marshal. He as awakened from his
sleep in the dead of night by the crackling of
t e fl imes, which were spreading with such
rapidity, that be was compelled to make al
possible has'e to escape himself from their rav
ages. It was, beyond all doubt, the work of
design, though no one as vet i< suspected of the
fiendish transaction —Mobile Adv. 11'A inst.
The Sickn :ss at Cape May The news
brought by the Portsmouth last evening in re
gard to the reports ot illness at C ipe May, is fa
vorable. Not more than one fourth of he num
her reported were sick, and all that were tl o
indisposed were recoverin'?. The Portsmouth
brought most of the invalids up. It wa* th
g neral belief that the attacks in a majority o
he cases were common cholera morbus, in
■need bv imprudent indulgence in lobster, cream
ic . with the thermometer almost as big ' as it
ha-been in thi- city. Ph'ta Ponosnlvininn
The Gl’>■ eis io tie revived in New-York
L’vi D Sla n-n has issued proposals for tr
•iirpose. and is to take charge ol its edit-iris
epirtment, now tha' he has fail'd— while lesr
wor'hv applicants have succeeded—in getting
an offic* from the powers in Washington.
TUESDAY MORNING. JULY 22
■he .•►.aihkh trait.uny w slur AdUiie •
day <4 the season, and is said by those wh'
notice such things particularli, to have been
he warmest day experienced in this climnte lor
many veara. Ihe thermometer ranged from
94 to 100 in the shade, and in some instances
above 100
From all section* of th’ country our ex
ch nges speak ot the excessive heat, and in
the N “them cities it has been very fatal in
its i fleets upon those who were exposed.
United -tatk* Expl irino Expedition.—
We have received fiom the publishers, Messrs
Lea & Blanchaud of Philadelphia, the fifth
and concluding volume of this admirable work.
The volume before us contains sketches of
B iwditcli Island. E’lice’s and Kingsmill group,
Manners and Customs ot the Islanders, Co
lumbia River, California, Southern Oregon,
the passage from San Francisco to Manilla,
Sooloo, Singapore, Cape ol Good Hope, and
Currents and Whaling, with an appendix.—
This work has been so favorably received,
both in this country and Europe, that we deem
it unnecessary to enter upon a more detailed
notice of its merits It is for sale in this city
by Mr. Thomas Richards.
Oun Table.—We are indebted to Mr. Rich
ards for a copy ot Barnes’s Notes < n Thessa
lonian*, Timothy, Titus and Philemon; The
New Refi.rmation; No. 31 Harners’Pictorial
Bible; No 6of the Encyclorte 'ia of Domes
tic Econumv; part IX of the Dictionary of
Practical Medicine; Nevilles of Garretstown,
No. 5; and the Wandering Jew, No. 13.
The Atlantic and Pacific Railroad-
Fromthe New York Herald we learn that Mr.
Whitney, the projector of the Atlantic and Paci
fic Railroad, has been ar Tach'-deh from thence
he proceeded to Milwaukie, and thence to Prai
rie du. Chien, to examine the facilities in those
parrs for the proposed object. It is slated that
b-sides theadvantag sofa level country to pare
over, 'here is the coptenience of i’s running a
long distance, near Winconsin river, which
would furnish greater facilities in procuring
lumber, and ata less cost, than is afforded lor
•hat distance along any route in the western
country.
More Deaths from Heat—The thermo
merer in New York keeps tin to a high point.
M»re than a dozmi persons were carried to the
dead house on Wednesday in that citv; at least
half of them are dead or will die. Most of
them were snn stricken, bur several were killed
or seriously injured by drinkirg ice water.
O"The Washington Union of Thursday
evening, referring to the report that the H'-n.
James Buchanan was about to resign the Sec
tarvship of State, remarks:
Mr. Bttehanan has not resigned nor has he
talked or thought of resigning; nor has anv
member of the cabinet. The reason assigned,
ton, or his resignation, is a« labnlons as the re
nnrt irselt. There is no d flerence of opinion
in the cabinet on rhe Oregon question. There
never was a more harmonious cabinet, and
there is as liitle variety of nni"ion on all the
great qttesti'ißs which com* before the present
cabinet, as in anv of its predecessors. We are
fnllv warranted in ink'ng 'hi« statement in the
most authentic and atiihorirative manner.
New D ■.STancTivc Implement—lames O’-
Connor. ot Mulberry s'reet. New York, stares
that he ha« invented an instrument of war with
which, assisted bv nine men. he *ould enter and
demolish the strongest fortification, or attack,
disperse and destroy a solid square of 109.001)
men. Mr O'Connor dates his invention as far
hack as 1831, and *av« that he has been in cor
respondence with the D ike of Wellington and
other flimal per* >nag*s on the sut ject.
Returned.-Ter. of the persons who left St
Louis with Lieut. Fremont, have returned, in
consequence of not being w Hing 'to submit to
some military discipline.
Death of Col. Vose U. S A —The N. O.
Pirnfrnne nnounces the death ot Col. J start
H Vose, ol the 4' h Regt U.S Infantry, at the
hairaeks below that city, on the 15th inst, of an
affection of the breast. Col. Vose was on pa
rade engiged in drilling his regiment when he
became suddenlj’ indisposed, an.l after turning
over the comm nl to rhe next senior offi ter, re
tired to his quarters, which he had jost reached
when he fell deaf u ton 'he floor. literally dying
underarms, forhis uniform was on, his sword
o ly nnbii -kl-rel fr >m his side, and but an in
slant before he fell he give an order in hitt
usual tee and manner to a soldier ivho stood
near him. The Colonel was sixty-one vears of
ace, and has been more than thiilv-lhree years
in the service o’ his country, having been com
missioned as a C intain of Infantry in 1812, and
passed with honor through every grade from
that to his present rank.
Educat'on of Colored Men.—Rev. Mr
Gardner of Ph ladelnhia, a cdo red Presbyte
rian clergyman, latetv wrote to President Laba
ree ot Middlebury College, to inquire whether
fourcol ire I stud nts could gain admittance in
that institution President L. replied that there
was no obstacle to their reception, if they were
qualified.
The Cunard steimer Acadia left Boston on
Wednesd iy the 16 h inst., for Liverpool, with
107 i asseng' rs.—Among them, are the Hon.
Louis McLane, Minister to the Court of St
James, lady, three daughters and son, and J.
McHenry Boyd, Esq attached to the legation at
London:
A Light Dress.—The hot weather in Bos
ton has induced a number of the citizens to
adopt in-doors the Georgia fashion otdress viz:
a shirt collo.r and a pair of spurs. The Times
says they appear to be as cool as cucumbers.
Editorial Fight—The Cincinnati Enqui
rer states that a fight took place at Columbus,
Ohio, betwoen O F dlett, E'q., senior editor of
the Journal, and Col Meddry, late editor of the
Journal, on the srh inst ,on account of an offen
sive article in the Journal. It was a regular
fist fight, and the Enquirer says that Follet re
ceived a whipping.
Trolblpr in the Camp. —Ata meeting of
the Senior Dem icratic A sociati in of Wash
ington, of which J '>«» C. Rives is President, re
solmions were offered under the direction of
Maj Williams, late private secretary of the
President, pro. fem , approving the course of
the President in hcdismissal ot Maj Lewis as
second Auditor. There was a full meetingand
the resolult ms by a decisive vote were laid on
the fable. It was urge that resolutions were
called for, to counteract the effegs of Major
Lewis’s operations in Tennessee, to defeat the
Democracy in the coming August elections.—
-V. Y. Express.
New York and New Orleans.—The rela
tive increase of the ponul "i m of these two
cnies riming the last thirty-five years was as
follows;
In 18ft) ih’ population of ’Vew York was
96.373; 'hat of New Orleans 17 422
1“ 1820 rlie population of N-w York was
123 7”6 that of New Orleans 27 176
I" 1830 the P'p ilarion of N • v York was
202589: thatofNew Orleans 46510
I ' 1849 the n'on'ai on of V ■ >■ Y irk was
312 710; that of New Orl- ans 102 193
Oregon.—The Union ha* much wrigling and
twi'ling about the Oregon q tesri n. While it
asserts that the neg u'a’i'in is to b* cnnrin'ied at
Washington, it n| »inlvad nitst'rar Mr McLane
is to take a hand in the matter at L >nd m V-rv
we'!, we like thi«; for we have grea’confidence
in his prudence and sagacitv. and believe that
he will be t' e means of Bringing th“ matter to a
peaceful and bon .rableclose.— Bill. Pat..
The New Jersey Bi.ave Case —The S’l
nr-ine Court silting at Trenton delivered their
opinion in this interesting case on the 11th.
Their decision sustains the law of slavery a'
i exis'ed prior to the a ioption of the new Con
stitution
Ist That he relation of master and slave ex
tsied by law at the adoption of the Constitution
in 1814.
21. Fhat the "nnstitntion has not destroyed
■h o relation or abolish* I slavery.
31 That the colored m in, William, shonl'
remanded t o the eußtortv ot the defendgnt
—Jour, of Com.
('alculati'N in Printing. - Everv colonr
f i n'w-sr a er contain* several thousand di
et pi-cesol m*tal, the misplacing of any on
v. hich would c o*ea blunder or tvpograph
il error. With this curi >i* fact before ti
°ader. he mnst wonder at the gener l accn r
v of newspaper*, and be more disposed to ex
use than magnify errors ol the piess.— Ral, Re
gisler.
Tetnpei anc.e Meeting aui Fourth ol Ju j
celeb;atiou at needy creek*
Agreeably to prav uus atraugeiueot a large
and respectable nuiuberul citizens from several
counties, met at Reedy Creek Cbuich, for the
purpose i f celebrating our national indepen
dence. The committee ot arrangement* retired,
an' in a few minutes relurnedand proposed totbe
meeting that the Rev. E. Petryman be the pre
sident of the day, nd Nathaniel Pulbill, Esq.,
Secre'ary. This being unaniin msly agteed to,
the meeting was organized. The Presides
then proceeded to carry out the whole of the
a lang'iiienls oi the day, as proposed by the
Coimiiitte, viz: An address to Ali.iighiy God
uy the Rev Russell J. hnson ; the Declaration
oi Independence was then read by Dr E. R.
Catswell; Major Thus. H. Poluill then deliver
ed an address on the subject ol our national in
dependence, & •., and closed by some appropri
ate remarks, tn which he pointed out the de
struetive iufl lence of spiritous liquors. The
Rev. R. R Rushing followed him, pointing out
the destruction ol lives, character, health and
property, caused in our happy country and
State by the use ot alcohol. He made some
feeling and happy remarks, which we hope
will not be lost. The Rev. Wm. L Tuck
er then addressed the meeting, and he too dis
charged the duly assigned him to the sati-lac
tiun of all Hue friends ol the temperance cause.
We then had a plentitut supply of good, whole
some food, spread under the arbor prepared bj
the citizens ot the neighborhood, of which all
partook, washed down by good, pure, cold spring
water. After the refreshments were over, all
assembled again at the stand, when th- Tempe
rance Declaration of Independence was read
by Mr. Isaac Huff,and a temperance song wes
then sung.
Four young misses were then helped on a
platform in front of the stand (with beautiful
flags in their hands.) and sung a very handsome
song, waving the flags to the chorus; they per
formed their part admirably well, with credit to
themselves, and to the admiration of all present.
The Rev. J. H. T. Kdpatrick then delivered
the closing address; his re i ark* were appropri
ate, warm and pathetic. The me-ting, speak
ing, &c., altogether had a good effect. Although
in a section where the cause of temperance has
and still meets with opposition, we are happy to
say there were fifty-two or fifty-three names
added to the pledge this day, and many more
were alm ist persuad d to do so. The four
misses again (by special request) sung the song
as at fust, waving their banners. The meeting
was then concluded with prayer by Mr. Mathew
Carswell ot Burke.
Afterwards this resolution was unanimously
adopted:
Resolved, That the proceedings ot this meet
ing be sent to the editor ot the Temperance
Banner tor publication, with a request that other
editors friendly to the cause of temperance pub
lish the same. A SPECTATOR.
A Virginia Country Residence*
An agreeable correspondent of the Easton
Pa. Whig, in the course ot a recent tour to the
valley of the Shenandoah, giv< s the following
account ol the line residence and farm ol a Vir
ginia planter:
Virginia Farming.—Cu\ Tuiley, who is ad
mitted to be one ol the best farmers in northern
Virginia has about 1200 acres in his plantation,
of which about 900 is unde cultivation and
a htcli is wholly surrounded by a solid lime
stone fence six miles in length, and varying
fiom 4 o 6 fret in height. He harvests tnis sea
s..n 5"0 acres ol wheal, which notwithstanding
the severe droughi he expects will yield him
about 12,000t'U'hels One is struck in looking
over his fields to see bow tree all are from
other grain and weeds. I asked him how it
was that tn a field of 100 acres of nio-1 excel
lent Wheat not a spear < 1 rye was visible. He
said it was o ing to the great eare he to k i
cleaning his seed wheat That if twice clean
ing did not suffice he had it cleaned agnn
and again until it was free Hom improper see. s.
Ihe E'itor ot “The Valley Farmer,” thus
d scribes, in a late editorial, the proc ss of cul
tivation pursued by Col. I'ulley.
■■ln the cultivation of his farm, Col. T. pur
sues whin is called the ‘ live years shill system,’
and is as follows: lie lakes a field iw > years in
clo er, and turns over H e sod in the inomh of
August or early in September. From the 5 h
to lire Istn ot O tober, he sows a bushel an i a
half to ihe acre, and htufowa it in. After the
wheat is cut, the ii Id lies and becomes cove ed
with a thick and strong growth ot ragweed. In
ttie lollowiHg spring ne turns Up with a plough,
aud plants to corn before ihe middle ol April.
The corn is planted lour fi-et apart each way,
and eight or ten kernels in a hill. The eultiva
lion is principally lone with a pl nigh, begin
ding as s ion as the corn is fairly up, and
ploughing it both w ys about f ur times in ih
season. At the sec nd ploughing the hoe fol
lows, and the corn is thinned to t' o slocks in
the hill. The hoe isseldom used but once, and
ihe corn is hilled no more (pan the plough will
<to it. When the corn is so ripe 'hat it will
ni dure in ihr stock it is cut, and the land put
iriio wheal. Sometimes he sows on the seed
and pl ugh* it in; sometimes he first ploughs,
and then sows and harrows in the seed; being
governed by ihe grou d. After the wheat is
sown, the field is seeded in clover. After
the wheat is harvested, noihmg is penniued
10 go up m the ground to disturb the young clo
ver. The field'hen lies two years in clover,
when wheat again follows. In the spring of
each year, half a bushel to an acre ot plaster,
is sown on the clover, and heavy crops of grass
are in tnis way secured. In this course of
t Tilling, ne once raised Hom two acres ot land
89bushels ut wheat; from i field of sixty acres;
ie averaged more than 304 hil“iielsto the acre;
and Tom a field of 3U acres, 65 bushels of shell
corn to the aere. He considers the clover and
ter aster as the principal means of improving
the soil; yet he is very careful to allow no
manure to be wasted. On he contrary, he
makes large quantities ol it annually, which he
applies to the highest parts of his field’, turning
11 under with the plough, which he prefers to
using it as a top dre-sing.”
The harvest had commenced the day before
we arrived and it was a pleasant sight to look
upon. Six or eight cradlers went ahead
They were followed by as many rakers, they by
as many binders, while another group finished
ail up. Besides this crop the Col. has about
200 acres in corn and other summer crops in
pioportion. His sheep and cattle are of the
best breeds and in his herd are several buffalo
eows.
The Pari;.— Over 20 fallow deer and a num
ber ol elk sport in htspark The early dawn
is ushered in by the sweet carrolling of feather
ed songsters that here have no dread of man,
lor nogun is allowed to be shot upon the pre
mise*. Th* consequence is that the birds
make their home within the reach ol the very
windows, and thus sweet dreams are made
still sweeter by the delightful music that accom
panies them, and which mingling wi h the
bright visions ot fancy as you lie hall sleeping
—hall waking, m ke you almost wonder as you
open your eyes, whether rou are not in the
region so glowincly described by the Eastern
labulists. In the woods too the squirrel chirps
in the tree above you and gambols Irotn bough
to bough to attract attention, not knowing inan
tube his foe. Another great advantage ot this
beneficial rule is that the trees and plants in the
neighborhood are preserved uninjured by those
destructive insects that are doing so much evil
to flowers, fruit and grain throughout our
land.
The Garden.— Adjacent to the pleasure
goundsthe Col. has his truitand kitchen garden,
containing about three acres surrounded by a
high brick and stone vail, and filled with the
finest kinds of fruit and vegetables. In il are
found over a doz-n varieties of the strawberry,
the choicest raspberry and other bearing bushes.
A spacious gat'.ien house gives great conve
nience in the cultivation of tire ground and
g th*ring in and preservation of its products.
The basement is fitted to store away the winter
vegetables. The first fl >or holds and keep*
ft-mi injury fr .in weather lire garden tools ano
implements—while above is a capacious and
well arranged pigeon house. But although
much attention as is seen lias been given to Hie
useful, the ornamental which tend- to softer
and minister to the kindlier feelings receive
also the i steriug care of the Col. and his laser
nating lady.
7%'.’ G cen H>use.— Besides the beautifu
fl iwcr* hn line me manv walksof the pleasuu
Rounds and are interspersed throughout them
a fine green house evinces the great taste so
the beautiful that pervades the owner. In re
latton 'o it the Editor of the Valley Farmer
'lms writes;
In the Green house we noticed a large c l
lection of exotics, the fragrance ol which, when
'he folding door* were ihro« n open, e nitted an
odour through the rooms, that reminded us <•<
those strange ronrantic tales which lovers des
cant so much abont; and which nine tenths of
them never realtz* even in th*ir dreamy im
agination*. Col. I’ullev showed u* manv rare
specimens of the rose, the honey suckle, the
lagnolia, the R ,se of Sharon and the Lilv ol
he Valiev, so beautifully mentioned in Scrip
ore; and the Bullrush of the Nile, such as
formed th* ark of th* infant vfo«es There
ve al*o found the Lemon and Orange tree
I >sso ing and bending 'nearh the weight of
•neir luxuriant frnit. There are manv more
■'replants which we should like to take no
ice ot, but a* we mnst bring our remarks to a
•lose on thi* subject, we would merely m ntion
ere, as in place, the ino«t beautiful flower
I ooming in thi* vast collection, i« the smiling
I'lghter loving native, called “ mine hostess
‘Veobrerve! in it th* ft test speci nen of th*
rax plant we have ev r seen—a p rfect
triosity Covering half of one of the sides of the
reen house filled with- clusters of those delicate
flower*.
iVc.9 »EnUAi iIOUMAg. JULi 24
ihe Weather.—riieliieiinoineierye-tei«E n
ranged a little high r than the day previous—tllj|
most oppressive heat we ever remember to have
experienced.
Auuexatlou—The Revenue Law*.
The subjoined extract from a letter, from a
Ga.veston correspondent of the Washi’.gtou
Union, presents rather a novel nnd de ica'e
question for the adjudication oi the government
at Washington, which results from the present
peculiar relations between the United States
and Texas. The writer *ays:
‘“lmporters ui Texas aie making term* with
French and English houses f.»r extensive im
portations under the present low tariff of Texas,
with a view to re-shipment to ihe United Slates, I
ree < f duly, when that [our] government nas
extended her revenue laws over the country.'
I he letter goes on to advise that the government
of file United Stales, ‘by timely prohibitions '
and arrangements wuh Texas, should prevent
Hie contemplated frauds, which will l.eol no use
to the people of Texas at large, but will accrue IO
the sole benefit ol the foreign houses.' ”
Upon this embarrassing state of thing*, the
N O. Courier (Loo ) rematks:
This is a seii<>us inaocr to ihe United State*, ‘
'and may effi-ci great injury to the reienue The
Congress ot the United Slat s is not in session, '
and will not convene before tne month ol De
cein'er—and be I ore even an extra session, call- “ j
ed by the President, could assemble, ih" mis
chief would be done. It is probable that a*
soon as all doubt < f annexation was dissipated,
orders weie transmitted across Ihe Atlantic for
European goodsof allde-criplions.to be shipped
tor Texas, to be landed under tne low duties ot
that republic, and as soot, as she i* admitted in
to the Union, the same goods to be carried to
New-Orleans, New-York and every other Am*
rican port that offers a convenient market.
We cannot i.uagine how the threatened evil
can be avoided. The Pre-iaent of the United
Stales has no authority to extend the revenue
taws to Texas and to establish custom houses
there, without an act <>f Congress passed tor j
that special purpose. We see no inode of frus
trating the designs of these speculator*, unless
tbe that the convention of Texas, now or late- 1
Iv in session, insert a clause in their constittv J
tion to adopt forthwith the pri'sen? tariff law of
this country, to be binding on the custom houses
of Texas We see no oljection to such a pro
ceeding—and probably it has been adopted by
the convention.
Georgia Rail Road and stage Line.
One of the editors ot the New Orleans Picay
une, who recently passed over the line -n route
for New Orleans, pays it and the agent* the
following well mei ited compliment:
“ We have recently had an opportunity to re
new our acquaintance ,i ith the mail service I
which leads from Augusta, Ga., to Mobile Os
the Georgia Rail Road we cannot speak but
with unqualified approbation. The care are
extremeiy comfortable, aud are arranged in a
manner to give everv satisfaction to those who
are constrained to traverse th • road at night.
A weary traveller can rest at leas, measurably.
“As to the stage service towards this end of
the route, we are constrained to make like fa
vorable notice The coaches are ol the best de
scription, and fine teams ol horses are provided.
The rate ol travelling is rapid, notwithstanding
that the roads are extremely liable to be render
ed heavy by tain, Irom tne nature of the soil.
We cannot pretend to rejoice in night-journev
ing by stage coaches, but when one has to come
down to it, he can hardly fare better as to ease
of locomotion than between Montgomery and
Stockton. It is but candid to sav that Bell's
larder is better supplied than those of the prin
cipal taverns on the route—yet this,is lobe ex
pected.
“Nor should we neglect to note thecouiteops
attention t Mi. George W Dent, the agent nt
Mobile, or of Messrs Riudle & Jeter, at Mont
gomery Whatever information or other faeil
tv a traveller may desire he is sure to receive at
their hands—they being only anxious to put
their passengers through speedily and comforta
bly.”
Creole Porcelain.—The Picayune says:
—We have seen several rich specimens of
porcelain ware, manufactured at Gretna, oppo
site this city, which lor beauty of finish and
transparency equal any of foreign manufacture
that we have yet observed. The sand from
whi' h these specimens were made is that of
the Mississippi river, procured about Baton
Rouge and Plaquemine.
We mention this with pride, as showing an
other development of the mauy resources ot ?
the South, and particularly ot our own State.
Let ihe South go on with her iinjirovemeDlirand
increase the number of her manufactories; let
us but use the means tihich Nature ha* placed I
in our hands, and we shall soon see that we are
not so dependent upon others for the necessa
ries and comforts ot life as many have seemed
disposed to elieve
Shoemakiag Proiessor Ingraham thus gra
phically describes the town of Lynn, Massa
chusetts, the seal ol sho-makets, and ihe vast
cordwainery ol the whole Union:
“The vi ry pleasant and thriving town of
Lynn is the Paradise ot shoemakers!
“ Its young men, early translerred from the
era le to l e last, cut their teeth and leather at
the same time, and its pretty maiden- learn to
bind shoes with the introduction of lheira, b,
ais. L ivers exchange hearts over a kid slipper
and swear eternal fidelity over a lap stone. If
they would get married, they ask old Dr.
Waxend. the parson, if he will stitch them to
gether, and they will pav him in shoe m nding.
vV hipping their children is called tanning, and
the rod they use is a ■ ■■mhule. The little boys ,
swear bv ‘hides and leather,’ and play at games
which they call ‘high and low q tarter, and
t e.’ A chil l newly born Isa sap-stone, and the
age of their children is km wn hy the number ot
shoes they wear. B iys are called rights, and
girls rfts— an old maid is an oddslipper, an old
bachelor an odd bool. The street doors'o thsir
dwellings are 1 insteps,’ and a man in an over
coat is ‘ foxed ’ The field* about the towns are
patches, and a fellow half-sea* over irhajf soled.
They n ver see an oak tree but they d reclly cal
culate Ihe nuo her ol pegs it will mak“, and
when they behold bees at work they reflect that
the only end ot wax is waxed-end. Thry look
mi aH cattle and sheep as only leather growers,
and believe hogs were only made to produce
bristles. Its lap-stones wool pive Broadway,
and its lasts, if piled together, would make a
monument nivh-rthar that on B'inker Hill.”
From New Zea,.and —By a letter received
from Capt Jab'-z B. Howland ot the shin Lon
don Packet, of F irhaven, dated Bay of Islands,
New Z aland, March 13th, we learn, sajra the
New Bedford Mercury, that the natives of New
Z-aland had risen u on the English inhabitants
ot the Bay of Island* and completely overpower
ed them. On th* 13th of March a bsttle was
fought between the English and natives, in
« hich the former sustained a loss ol twenty or
thirty killed an 1 a great many wounded. The
English fled to the vessels in port, leaving the
town in possession ot the natives, who soon re
duced it to ashes.—Jour, of Com.
Tits Grave of Harrison.—The Editor of
the Southern Christian Advocate, has given a
very pleasant sketch ol his journey from Charles
ton, to attend the late C wention at Louisville.
Passing over the former part of his journey,
we will accompany him on thetrip from Cin
cinnati to Louisville, on the mail route-the
only object which attracted thetravellet’s atten
tion being the grave 4 General Harrison. He
says of that sacred spot:
“ 1 was nut little inclined to sight seeing on
the passage to Louisville. Oneobject I desired
to see. It was the residence and grave oi Har
rison—they are one in interest at least. To ac
complish this tn jrct with more certainty, I as
cended the upper deck al once, and watted with
eager interest onr approach to th* melancholy
place in which were buried, in an unloitunale
h ur, th hopes o' a great multitude, wtiose
suffrages had raised him to >lte most exalted
sta'.ioii .4'honorand responsibility known ainong
oen As ■ c neared the place dear to so many
tieart*, and rendered sacred by so many a»so
■iations, there was a very striking manifesta
tion <>f a very common and pervading rnteresi—
nd the grave—the house—passed Irom lip to
lip as these object* broke upon 'he sight of th*
arnest special.rs. Silently the crew'd of tra
ellers had gathered to those parts ot the boat
from which the fiist, least obstructed and latest
■iews ot the home and last resting place ot the
>..nored man m ! ght be had. The stillness ot a
deep and absorbing sentiments emed to per
vade evetv bosom—they gaz*d in silence, or
-poke in whispers. In descending the river the
grave stands prominently iu view, as it does
until the whole scene is lost to to the sight in the
windings ol the river. The h >n*e stands on a
nuch lower spot than the grave, and is not fair
tv seen until rig t abreast of it. It is a fair and
comely trfansion, not splendid, but sufficient for
one whose true residence is the heart of his
eonntryir.en. The grave stands on the elevated
-ummit of a lovely hill wi'hfn a small enclo
sure I may not attempt to describe this seme,
or the feelings it in-pi red in my own and the
breasts of others. 1 bared my head to the ve
hement sur and the fierce wind while passing
I he grave of the lamented Harrison, and thought
of the strange Providence that called him nence
at a period so toll ol interest to ;be destiny ol
this great and growing nation. Gidfejust; all
bis works are done in righteousness and truth.
I felt this; and turne I from Ihe seen* 1 have «o
taintlv oescrihed, satisfied that submission to
God is no Ires the duty of'he Christian Ihan it
is ot the politician.
Gigantic Roik.-Judge Banks, of Philadel
phia, has a rose tree in his garden that has at
tained the ex raordinary height of 30 feet. It
extends 25 feet in width.