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Tlic T»*«» of Deuu.ciai),
We cannot too often or too earnestly direi
the attention of 'he intelligent and re Heel in
maneMo the deception* which are constant I <
practiced by the manager* of that party of
beterogenon* element#, which hna Rppro'prfa
ted to itself the name of •• Democracy” a# >
catchword for the unwary, and a# a tern
which may be used to signify everything o
nothing, a# occasion may require. Flatteie*
by the aucces* of the fraud of 1844. when it.,
people of Pennsylvania were cajoled into tl»
belief that Mr. Polk was a better friend of n
protective policy than Mr. Clay, the wir
workers have now extended their plan of • pe
ati«»n<. and seized upon h question as an »l»
ment of political warfare which, ofall other
is the most delicate and dangerous that wa
ever dragged into the aren , . f party. •
which, if pursued with the recklessne*# tha
has heretofore cnaracieuzed the di!>c<i*ii>i
must end in some terrible c*Di*iroptie to on
institutions.
[t is a wilful and foul desecration of a p’> r
■nd philanthropic cause such a-that . n a.
cipa ion, to make it part of an election’ f •
log contest, and to mioglo it wi h the vfolv-nc
and asperities of party warfare. But L >cof<>co
B<n. ever wa rhmi «»t its oam interests, and a
llii-*C'tipuloii« as vigilant, his seized upnh th*
auhfoct 01 si «very mid made it a part »d it
trading capital in both sec ions of the Unioi
Bv agitation it has-urceedetl m infl titling ll
public utind at'h - .X r»h an t Smith; and b
itiisrepre-entaiion it has excited a spirit <•
hostil tv between a large portion of the con
in .nity in tue 'r** u d -rav-h.ddmg State-
Which, if permitted to grow. >ini<l terminate i
di-a*trous eoi.setpi. ores What rare they f<
the peace of the Union, or the prosperity «
th** conn rv . *•» tnm Lucolocoisin cm have fa
swing, so that 'he ” R-d Republic” can rejon
and so 'hat the -*p »ifa ’ are possessed ? Tt
ambitious demagogues who control thi< p tr
in their de-pera.ton o e. jo* power, be.-n*
at no expedient an • recognize tin o«h»-r p»i>
ciple than that Mie tn m- saoe ties the end
Dt>comfi e-1 by ’be rmuip’i of (Sen l\ivl«»
they feel (hat, without some new an I excitit.
element, the death knell of Lu<*oiu«*o*-oi h->
been sounded. lu’his emergency. Itv a p»
concerted arrangement, they h ive mirmlo. .
into the politic d canvass a question elm
touches the fireside# of une half of the sta r
and which atfaci* the conscientious opinion,,
the other half And how has this party ad
ted the question ? Have >h»*y proclaimed
fixed and general principle ? Have th* y •-
sued a common creed ? Let the following re.**
lutions of two formal Conventions, both pr«
fessing and claiming to lie * Democratic” i
the strongest party sense, answer :
Democracy in Vermont Democracy in Alabama
Resolved, That as li- Rts defd, fhai
berry is the clearest right «ard »b»* pts*:tge of ala
and dearest interest oft he by die C >ngrr*« of ilr«
individual, and its seen United States abolishin
rity the highest duty of slavery <>r the slave tract
the b<xJy politic, we de- in 'lie District of Coliiu.
dare, as the firat point bia as a uireci atiack up
nod art cle in this orga- on ’he institutions of th>
nization, that American Southern Slates to be re
ala very iso great evil and listed at every hazard,
wrong, which ought to Resolved, That, in th’
be repented of and abac- event of the passage by
doned. Congress of ihe ” Willin’.
Resolved, That we claim proviso,” or any law ab-»
uo authority in the Fede- fishing slavery or tin
ral Government to abolish slave trade in the District
Slavery in the several of Columbia, the Guver
States; but we do claim far nor of thin Common wealth
it constitutional power per- I is requested immediately
petually to prohibit the in- | to convene the Legii-I ■
trod uct ion of slavery into | lure of this State (if it
territory now free, and | shall have b»-en adjourn
abolish it wherever, un I ed) to consider of lie
der the jurisdiction of | mode and tneaoura of re
Con .THHi it exists. I dress.
R solved, That this Resolved, That w«
power ought immediately warmly approve of th
to be exercised in prohi course pursued l»y th
biting the intrude ti- n inonMimf Congress wi <■
and existence of slavery signed anti published the
In New Mexico and Ua- | southern address; ihai
lif rh i ; in abolishing the tone «»f the same i
slavery ami the slave calm anti dignified. «n
trade in the D-stiicl of us facts true; and Iht-
Columbia, <»n ’he high emergenry which called
se«i, and wherever else far « .ch an unusual t»u
under the constitution, it thrilling appeal was *•••
can be reached. . strong that wo acknow-
Resolved, Thatnomore | ledge «»ur obligations t<«
si tve States should be ad- (them far the frank and
mined into the Federal I fearlswt moventen* with
Union. | deep sympathy.
In order to appreciate the force of the fore
going resolutions, it sh tuhl be borne in mind
that election# are now pending in the Stale**
of V. r<i»<»nt and Al ibam t.and that tlie same
party which united tn the support of Mr Cass
and will continue to unite in the support of any
Other candidate that may hereafter be presen
ted without regard to principle# or platforms
have thus officially announced—through two
regular Conventions—sentiments upon the
question ofslavery which are in flagrant con
flict with each other The object of tins auda
cious movement is plainly m-trked upon every
feature: it i* to acquire mrength in the free
Slates, by enlisting the sympathies and pasaious
of that section against slavery, and to acquire
strength in the South by exciting the prejudices
of that section in favor of slavery.— North A-
.ateat from the Rio Grande.
By the steamship Globe. Capt Ellery, from
the Brazos, the N O Picayune is in ponaes
aion of the Brownsville Flag of the 1(5 h in
stant. from which it extracts the following
items us nrelligetice:
Rumors. —For the last few davs, we are in
formed insurrection# with accompanying pro
nuiH'iamrniof*. &c. have been quite common
in our neighboring Mexican pruvincea. inclu
ding ’hr ciiy ol Ma'amurox. As we have been
wholly iiu tble to gain any’hmg in 'he shape
of tacts we are forced to await the develop
mon* «»f •• roiniog even’s.”
Tis R I'U'iltcnf th? Surra Mu lrr Drrhtrntion
of lad-pi ttdt ace lhr N O Pslria puhli-lies an
rxiia c-mlammg among «>ihrr interesting mat
ter the lolloping which is f.tk**u from thr Bien
Publico, a M namoros pnprr. da ed tt.e I 8 h
June:
On ihe I7di June ihr following docrimriH
reached our liants. w hit h we t*av w tr*m«i.ited
from Ell li*h [Il wt- origin «ll* luditi lan
giiagr J Al'hough n a* if prn.ied in
this cm wh have me w«-.l fouri’rd ■•eiirl (hat
it Came from the other stdr ol ihe ri*ri.
Jens 16. 19’9
Unanimous declaration of the t-iVc-
Sia/es us the >icr-a Ab-dre .Mt.ru: -
Win n, in ihe couise ”f i uman •*• m-. «
necessary far one prop en> «h-s Ivr ilie |M#i«iral tsmdf*
which have conn*‘Cteu ilieui wnh iiraiit r. .out -o a--
sinur among rhe powersof iher«nli ibr arpur it»- mol
equal stat ion to whch ’he lawsof u.-ti.irr nml .»• m
turr’t* G.id entitle them, a decent i« dw opiu
fans of mankind rnq dre thu they t.h«rtid d« cl »r«- il-e
caust-a which impel th'-in to the "-‘para.i n
The history ot" the present »*nd pa»- G v« rmneni
of Mexico is a history Os irpe'ded iii|UlirM amt UMir
pations, all having m direct objrr.i the e--intiii-tnii* ii<
of an absolute tyranny over tuem? States. prove
this, let fa-ls hr submitted •» n • undid Word.
First — They have h.ar:a-->nl us wnh political
changrH. which up to the pr« wnr time, have hem
nothing rise bui a continued oppress-on thr- ugh new
tigen’s i warms ) Wed’daie < urs»lve- free.
Secund fhey have uh down by taxation,
exacte * solely to perpetuate ihe p>w> r ol *he u-urpeis
of the liberty of the (>euple. M e declare ourselves
free.
'Third They have persecuted us wi h standing
armies, kept up to oppress and annihilate ’he indus
try ol all, except that ol’ oppressors. We dec la e
ourselvt a free.
Fourth. — They have acted so that our beloved re
ligion com-tantly threatened by Imyone’s, has been
trammelled in its action of benevolence an<l public
instruction. We declare ourselves free.
Fifth. -They have so managed that the people in
the midst of their vast terrimry are denied ihe riglr
of individual proper y. We declare ourselves free
Six h. — They have violated th»* promi-ea made
to our children, who, in anxiety vainly claim from
their rulers the right of educatio.l. We declare our
selves free.
Seventh They have so misgoverned, that our
grey headed parent* gradually descend t«» the tomb,
like brute beasts, without honor a d without hopr.
We ile«dsre ourselves tree.
Righth Th* y have so arranged ’hat whilst ind
gencc end mi-er\ arc -♦ en every wh»-rs, ’hey goclad
in purple and g. Id We declare our*elves bee
Ninth The* hav-- adhered io ihe iwi »nd decla
ration that th* te s-lmll be n«» slavery «*n ih ► il,*h I-’
domes’ic ►rrvi’ude is an •di us, a h’-rrible and a erm I
system, and it exist* wi’hmt notice ami without rep
robot»on. W O declare ourselves f’CC.
We, t her store the put»l C”f the-e seveti Northern
Slates of the Sierra Madre of Mexico, appeebng t.
the Supreme Jude* <d ’he w-»rl<1 for ’he rectitudeol
our im* nt oiis. s*drmidy publish and declare tha
“these United Sialvxaie free and independent t a
they air at»i*olvr»l tr»-tn all allegiance ’<> the M> x«cau
Government, and that all contiec’ion. which ha*
cessed is, and ought m tie, tiMally diwaulved. Conse
quently, as free and indr, endsiil Stales, they hav.
lull power to levy war, contract alliances, e»iabh>li
commerce, and iodo all other ac’s ami things w bi« - h
free and ind* pend’-id Sta’ee may of right tfa. Ami
far the st>| |«>rt ot’ihis d’darnti n ui h a firm reh
anceon Divine Piovideuce, we, he pe*q»lr. tnu'unll
pWn, i.< each other uui fives, our Ivrtunes and our
sacr» d honor
Ourawerus are drawn ! The scabbarda are thrown
away !
N.>w, then—death to tyrant*.
Matutuone, Mexico, June 16, 1949-
Jn connection with the above, the Beta Puh
lieu of the 18th states that a Dr Millet and his
servant had been arrested by the civil amhori
lies of Matamoros, on suspicion of being the
pamzans of Dominguez, m carrying out the
project o« indenend nee.
A mass meet mg for the purpose of nomine
ting a suitable candidate to represent the Sou h
ern Congressional District of Texa< in the
next Cm gie*«»ofii,e United State# to have
been lie d at Brow m»v il>e on the 2>hh of the
pr*sent month The whole valley wa# expec
;*d io be reprvsen’ed.
The steamboat Warren. Capt Reed, which
since the close ol ’be war has been employed
as a trader on the Rio Grande under licen«e
fr«»tf ihr Texan auiiiortties. was latelv seized
while lying in ihe uimuh of a small river near
Mier, undergo ng repairs, bv the custom hou-»e
aiith* titles of Matamoros. Thi*. it atrik* s us. i*
a pretty high handed business on the pirt of ihe
Mexicans and w ill nv coubt be properly in
qiii'vj mio
H. k-id Mvrdvr —An ex’ract of a leper
ds d Mouirrey Mtv II gives an account of
a miMd* r cotntKi ted by a man named
Rii»*e lon ano’h* r< a. led K»-11». both ('ahfornia
enograni*. near P.»r i Ag«o!a. on ’he 6-. h uh
Tmx Ca Pt.— The Concord a Intel* gencer ■
•eye: I i» usual to h*.»r cumptami- .• th*,
condition Ot ’hr colt’*n crop. -V ’bi- »uie of thr
growing season, but never Iwfore boe we
u*ard them general a- we le »r hem t« w
The most inteilig»*iii .«od candid > ” »-r* cm I
plain otust earnestly I I »’* »e-» : t <o« « ■
mdspendent l vof onr c «»• > »«- ? ”• other ■
Causes, leave- no dout • u • r '• t the
COHen crop vs the M;«« -• p- ' ' r ' ’■ • ■
must be a retostk’ 1 » -*o’ < •hr I hrr
se»s<m« the cotton pla» ;et# «>c»r w- .i d n<v - j
looked upon tbetr present im . r.>.. - • . c. '. ”
tion wuh some hope that t i»rrg> • ' ■
in d e fields would improve ? - r > B |
this sea-on ’h«*> dare n t '* '*.«• * “ * * i
A rega'd for the welfare • t * «'»“*
the r own be«t i» lere-t- torb d th**«»> ' r ui g«>
mg bevond the mo»t moderate tabor, and w a r« •
them against expo-ure
Tax Htaaaaix# Lisps* K >—»ith h*» x.
pom eC Ifisa gCBf 1 ’ '
■miliary heap..as. and ah* has p h an »
drs»a. sal .ng oa fal .ne bxdtes lend a?-
stance in mix worM of dunty
Ingusia, ©a.:
MONDAY MORNING, JULY 9, !•«>•
"Humbug on ttxe Tariff Question*"
Thk Constitutionalist of Saturday perpetrates
he following •‘Humbug on the Tariff
ons”
■‘Secrer.ry Walker eatimated that tha people of
■lie country paid a tax of eighty million, of dollar,
very year to the home manufacturer, tn tlua way
• To remedy thia, the tariff of 1546 waa enacied.
reduced the rate, or doty. Il made the foreign ar
,cle cheai.-r and thi ■ forced ihe home manufacturer
.wn in price It diminiahed the lax of eighty mi1...»
...» on die people, by enabling them to buy cheaper,
’’no they were enabled to import cheap good. Itom
~..,d al an average doty of about 27 percent.
tlie du’iee paid to'he govermn nt were srvtN
ULLioNi? MURE. Bu' 'he lax they pant ihe l»«»ine
i.itifactur- rs was probably thirty millions levs
ey were thu* saved t wenty-ihree nulli • sin one
ar I” thu *»y the people were msde prosperous
/ relieving them fr on taxation Tuey wen- r»*
ve<i fro o thirty millions of tex**s paid the L<»r<le ot
ie Lo-hii. ot the Iron 'lines, Collieries, and Suga*
anteiions, and paid million* to the government
<e privilege cf using .a>«te<id, cheaper articles from
!»ro<id.”
If we could not make out ■ better theory in
ivor of ihe tariff of 1846. than uur neighbor
i »es, the subject wo’ihl'»« careful’y avoided
admitting Mr VVai.kkr’s ex mvasa it *e-ti
.l ites," and the bald asM*rti<»m» of the Cot<stitu
•onalist to be true, wi at do ihey amumii to ?
’» this and no more: That the present so
died free trade tariff compels the people of
•e United States to pay to the “Lords of the
.oom, of Iron Vines, Collieries and Sugar
’ intations " fifty three millions of dollars in
rder to place thirty two millions in the federal
easury! Such is dem >craiic financiering
hen the party has its own way and does iis
•st.
Now it is plain that, either the theory of Free
ade rests on false premises, or the tariff of
*46 is a most iniquitous system of taxation.
\ke which horn of the dilemma you please
ol the existing tariff cannot be justified on the
rmciple of equal taxation, nor on that of pro
non to American industry Free-Traders
\presdy repudiate the whole theory of pro
• tian, as*he Constitutionalist alleges. ‘ wiih
* urn and contempt ” Whv then did they not
i »ate more than “twenty-seven” of “the eighty
illions of dollars paid every year to the home
ii luufacturers,” when they had a Free-Trade
(’resident and a majority in both branches of
Congress ?
Has our very consistent neighbor no “scorn,
•io contempt,” for “the paltry humbug" which
zealously preaches a favorite cree 1, and as
zealously condemns it in practice ! Is there
my lower or more vicious demagogiieism ’han
t iat which s> eks to array one class of citizens
igainst another, by constantly using theoppro
•riuis epi'hets of “Lords of the Loom,” “Lords
of Iron Mmes. Collieries, of Sugar and Cotton
plantations ?”
This kmd of demagogiieism is thus brought
into pl iy by a writer in the Columbia Tele
jrsph to promote a dissolution of the Union :
u 7b p'ove this, let facts be submitted to a can
did irurld.
•‘VA’e have been faxed for the last thirty-five years
it the average rale o' f«»ny per cen’. (»er annum to
••i'ier and build up Northern interests and inatitu
uonx —havji g pnid, directly oid indirectly, during
‘’uh periu ’, n t less than 31,000,000,000 un justly for
this purp'se.”
If is conceded by all that no part of the United
States cin produce cheaper cotton, cheaper
wool or has better iron and coalmines than
the South If sit, the South is as deeply and
directly interested in working her iron and
coal mines, and in the manufacture of woolen
•tnd colbm gm ds as the people of the North
can be If these branches of human industry
are worth anything to the frigid North they
must be worth more to the “Sunny South.”
High impost duties are not required to place
American rnunufaciures on a secure
They should however discriminate for the pro
tection of home indu-try and our small capital,
during the infancy of our mechanical labors,
ft is our true national policy to encourage the
toiling tnilliourt of all arts, trades and profess
iona to save not waste propertv ; and to in
vest their little surplus earnings in pursuits
which will give profiiahle employment to talent,
enterprise and"uiosi productive industry. Every
eperaiive and journeyman mechanic can be
come a stockholder, a “L'»rd of the Lomu” or
“the anvil,” in this country. In nine cases in
ten, nis our poor young men who best sue
reed in business, and so become rich. After
they have acquired fortunes, what better u*e
can lhev make of their money, than to build
substantial factories and tender to all of both
sexes, full employment ami fair wages, which
ihe latter are at perfect liberty to accept or re
fu-e as they please f
80 far is it from being true that the prntec
rive policy has taxed the people ‘eighty mil
lions a year for the benefit of home rnaiiufac
Hires” that we will undertake to prove that it
has saved the people three dollars for every one
dollar which the Cunsii'utiunihst can show it
ba- coni them Drop your usual vocabulary
of “shallow humbugging;'* * Lords <»f the
Loom;” “Nobility of Favored Classes;” "Shab
by inisrei resentution“scorn and contempt
anil make out iti common sen*e way that the
tariffoflK46 is good for somtthing-, or that it
fa good for nothing. If it reallv takes from the
pocket of the consumer three dollars and only
places one of Them in die Treasury, then have
the in iniiness to condemn tins unjust deinu
craiic sys'em for me support of the govern
ment.
The pHiinnia Kttilronci,
Some of the engineers employed in surveying
the r.mteufa railroad from Chagres to Panama
Ii iv e returned to N Y’ork mid made a favorable
report. There are nonitur.il ddficullirs on
the route w Inch cannot be easily surmounted,
•»o ihat the road, in its grades, curves, i-uper
siriicnire and cost of construction, will at its
completion compare ad vainagemisly wnh any
of the roads which have heretofore been buiif
on the continent. Books were opened for the
subscription of stock last Wednesday, and so
soon as it is taken, the work wdl be prosecuted
with great energy to its completion.
According to the calculations of the elabo
rate report of the Hon T Butler Kivg.
with theaidof steamers of a speed of twelve
mile* an hour, the voyage from New York will
be completed in the following Hine:
To Calcutta iu---- 47 days.
Canton in 36 “
S|i ,nghae in 35 “
Va'piraii<» in 17 “
Cdla«»in- 12 “
Guai aquil in 9j “
P HiMitia in 7 “
San Hl «i» in 12 “
Mnzx I n in 14
Shi Ih g> in 16 ‘
Snn Ft uici*co in ... 13 “
The coii-iruction of an iron wav across the
Isthmus will boos incalculable advantage to
thecotintiercia world, and ultimately aid much
in building up a flourishing trade between the
Somheru Atlantic and Gulf Stales and the
western portion of this continent, the islands
of the Pacific and China Onr commerce is
now in its feeble infancy, but with the peen
liar advantages of the South for ship building
and freighting vessels, it must one day possess
a large and flourishing marine.
Majcfacturkrs* Co*vzntio** —A corres
pondent <»f ihe Madm Journal St yfessentfer
urge* the propriety of holding a convention of
the Mtinifacturer« of Georgia at the city of
Macon »"me time during the present summer,
for thr purpose of conference and deliberation,
the collection and dt««em:nation of practical
knowledge. Such a meeting could IrardU fail
of being highly useful to the proprietors and
director*of the forty cotton mills tn this State.
The capital already subscribed, anti mostly paid
in for cotton factories inthfacitv exceed* $320.-
O00:and it will soon reach s4fa*ooo Instead
of holding th« proposed Convention at Macon,
we respectfully «nggest thr propriety of having
it at Stone Mountain, and during the Fairrom
mrnring on the Isth of August Manufactu
rers are particularly invited to attend, with
specimens of their goods
There wi I be mmv there, and from several
States, without reference to such convention
Farmers and inechti’ics. planers and ma'iu
farturers should act incoucert forihe promotion
of their common interests. IVe highly ap
prove of the leading ideas »f “ Ueros”; and
should rejmee to see the eiatis’ics of Georgia
manufactures col ec ed an 3 puh<i-hed.
Elcurslonto Charleston.
W e are reques rd to reminJ tbe citizens
of Augusta and its ticniitv, thst to-morrow is
the last day on which the* cm avail themselves
us the very low fare on the Suuih Carohua Rail
Read to Charleston.
As such opportunities are rarely offered,
those whom pleasure or buttress may draw to
the sea beard, would do wall not to let the pre
sen: pass.
The State capit«< of I'ennr-see at Nashville.
< "Mui to be one u? ihr grandeflt edifices of tfce •
kind in the I r.mn exceed: 4 tn i •
the Co ege a: Pn 'adelphia It is two hun
*red and fort* feet deep, bv one hundred a d
.five feet front, au 1 wi i be supp orted by I
wrntv e’ghi C 'l imns forte feet tn he gnt. T”• ‘
n*-.<ht or "ve *'• ding w b* e xhtv fee; T •
• Banner* say• that tha w hole bu.'d.ng :s to be
• ’i.airHCte ’ e •: ne and ”'n inside as we as
iUide l’ i aeanv <‘ herb ding n :he Um
rd Stetoe. tbe iwrarv" s to be of dr eseed
:4c ne- •
A Cool Place*
The Lake Superior News of the 31st May. |
nays the fi'St vessel from the copper mines had
arrived, bringing 90 of copper, it adds:
Thr Wrathzr.— The law winter at the Saut
Sie Mar e was *>ue of ihe coldeet in the recollection
ofihe “oldest inhnbitant ” In the middle <rf Fibril
ary, for ihrt*e • uccessive days, at this place and along
ihe river, the mercury fell in ihe Imjwl o' the ther
mometer, and tlie snow on the level was five and a
half teet deep Since the opening of navigation, the
first boat having made her way to thia port on th*
9 h inat., through immense fields of ice, we have
hid cold, dreary weather, with the exception ot th<-
last few days, which have been bland and warm
starting vegetation, and giving us once more ihe ap*
poaranco of an approach to summer.
Gen. Taylor’s favorite white horse, now on
he way to Washington, was at Cincinnati on
Saturday week. He is to be forwarded tn
Baltimore.
Gov CritrE.NDKN l’he papers from the
We-t bring tis the grittif) mg intelligence that
Gov Crittenden ha-entirely recovered from an
indisposition that has been the source ofseriou
tppreheiiaion to his friends.
[coMMUMCAI KD ]
Washington, Ga .June 30 1849
Mr Editor:—l see in your paper of thi
werk, an nniiounceiiient that Col. David E
Butler will be supported by the voters oi
Wilkes, as a ctndidme to represent them in the
next Legislature. I need not say that I rejoice
10 see that the Whigs of Wilkes can have he
opportunity of siipourtirig so true and devoted
a Whig. Col. Butler’s claims upon the
Whig party, are many and strong. He has
been with them in adversity and prosperity ;
he has stood by them in defeat, and when the
hour of triumph has come, he has modestly
stood back and suffered others, without a word
•>f complaint, to enjoy the honors of office.
Such a man in these times of office hunting,
deserves the warmest support of ihe people.
He is now brought forward by his riends of
ihe Whig party, without solicitation or request
on his part, and I rannot but believe that every
Whig in “old Wilkes,” who knows the man
his integrity, purity of character, stern honesty
unwavering loyalty to the glorious cause for
which we have so long fought, great modesty
and simplicity of heart, and his fitness for
office, will cheerfully support him.
Drrxdful Stage Accident —As the Louis
ville stage was goins out on yesterday morn
mg. at about sunrise, loaded with thirteen
pa-sengers and a heavy lot of haggage, the
1 brake broke in descend ng the hill at the en
> trance of the bridge, throwing the driver. Mr
Jeffries, heavily on ihe ground, and of course
eaving the horses free of all control They
immediately dashed upon the bridge al headlong
’ speed, and when a little more than half way
through, they struck some of ihe w od work
( with frightful force, throwing the s'age over
and pitching the passengers who were on lop
1 amongst the timbers, the trunks falling upon
them, and the coach getting hr ken to atom
t Professor Sherman of the Columbia Institute
had his skull fractured and his face terribL
crushed, which, with other fatal injuries, caused
his dea h shortly after Mr. Pleasant Smith, a
ci izen of Nashville, was so badly injured as to
make it doubtful whether he can survive and »
’ German, named Goldstin, a merchant from
» Pulaski, as we learn, had his leg fractured in
two places which, with other hurts, renders
f his recovery doubtful. Several Indies were in
r bide who fortunately, were unhurt. The up
setting of the coach freed the fore wheels, and
the horses attached continued their mad career
r until they became entangled a short distance
j from ihe bridge, and were stopped We un
. derstand that most of them were ruined, one
of them having fallen and been dragged some
i dis ance. No blame can be attached to Mr
i Jeffries, who is known as a careful and skil ill
driver, but th tragic occurrence must be pm
down a-» one of those unfortunate accidents thut
! seem unavoidable
y P S. —We learn that the lady of Mr. Sher
man was. in the stage at the time of the frfahifnl
:«(*ri(lent. which ha< bereaved her of a hu-band
under such melancholy circumstances, and we
L are told that the • fl’-ct of Ins death upon her
was absolutely stupefying, she be mg apparent
ly unable for mime lime io realize the fearful
fact, that he wax dead. Her case call* for ihe
*irougebt sympathy. — Nushcille Banner.—27th
e ult.
The N O Courier oi ihe 25th inst
Hlates that a rumor was current in the city yes
terday, to the effect that the parly of emigrants
from the parish of Rapides, in this Slate. wh<ci>
left recently for California, had been attacked
thia fide of the Rocky Mountains by a tribe of
hostile Indians, and after a bloody engagement
there remained alive only six of the coinpatn
which was composed of seventy two member?
The Courier dues not state upon what inform
aiion this rumor was based. We sincerely
irust it may not ho verified
Later from \fkics.- The brig Lauretta
arrived a> New Y”rk brings late advices from
the we*t coast of Africa, having left Sierra
Leone oil ihe 2’hb of M iy :
The armed s<*tiooi<er Lark arri”ed at Sierra
Leone from Eugtand on the 12th of May. and
sailed for Monrovia on die 14 h This is the vex
xel presented hy ihe Briu-ii Government to die
Republic of Monrovia Shu nol 150 tons bur
den, rigged with a lorelopsail and topgal ant
sail, and carries four liras* fun’- She wa
: bp’rt 0111 under the command of British naval
officers who would deliver her to the ailthori
ties at Monrovia, and join Mime of their own
vessels of war upon die coast
There were two slavers condemned and sold
Ma> 10 Ii and 17 Ii ; one of'hem had on board
I when taken 600 xlavus There was also a
schooner brought in on die Sth of Mav.bm
was not yet condemned when the Latiret a
sailed.
The United State* ship Portsmouth, Com
• Ceoper was al Porto Proa Mav Ist all well
A pamphlet has just been published in Enz
< land which contains many important facts and
observations in relation to the railroads in
1 Great Brnain Speaking of the difference in
the expense of running rar- over a level 01
uneven railroad the writer says—
“ l*u masier an ascending gradient of on»
foot in 300 feel distance, a trifling rfae, a true
■ non force is required twice as great a* is siiffi
cieiit to move Hie name load at ihesame sper«
au»ng a level raihoad; al-o the greater speed
required on any line, die greater must be tin
power rmplov cd IL* says “a good Incomotiv*
of the heaviest kind now used will draw a
train of fifty loaded wagons, or a gross weigh
of 275 ton*, at a speed of from 15 to 20 mile
an hour; but the same engine will only be abl>
to draw, on the same line, a train of twenty
five wagon*—being half of the above weight
a a speed of 30 miles an hour. Thus the 3' :
mile speed costs double the slower speed of 15
or 20 miles he-ides the great additional weai
and tear. 'The demand for power increases 11
rapid proportion to the rate of speed Going
ai the rate of ten miles an hour, a locoinotiv.
will draw 250 ton* ; push the speed to 30 mile*
a*i hour, and it will draw only 28 tons. On
the continent, railway trains run at a low rat*
of speed, say 15 to 20 miles an hour, and thu
enable companies to charge light fares, while
they ensure the safety of the passengers.” »
A correspondent who possesses chemical
knowledge ns well as much experience, give*
the following recipe :
Directions fur Boiling Rice.— Take one pin’
of rice, wash it. and put it in soak for two hours
Have ready two quarts of boiling water, won
a hide salt in it. in a slew pan. Half an hon»
before you wish to u»e it. pour the water ii
which ilio rice is soaked from it, and with »
mble spoon, shake the rice into the Mew pat
without stirring it. and let it boil ten minute
: then strain the liquid from the rice. Rrtiiri*
j the nee to the stew pan. and let it steam for
• 15 or 20 minutes, when it will be d"tie, and
. the gr •!!* whi be separate. Add a little butler
; and send it to the table.
The above in the proper way to cook rice
: which is important to know, as we are now
I prevented from using almost all other kinds ol
. vegetables. This recipe is furnfahed by a lady
1 in whose family it ha* been a regu ar dish on
I the dinner table since 1832
Sir John Franklin —A proposition has
- been made in Bosioii to raise a subscription 01
£ IIHI OlK) tor the purchase and proper fining ot
[ ave *el or vessels to go in search *»t Sir Johi
Franklin and hi* companions The expen*>
of *endmg the •• North Siar.” the ves-el se
iecied hy the British <iovernment. on tin
expedition, fully provided w ith ihe store* an<
implements necr-ssry for this voyage, is »e
dow nat S6O Oik) Ii is pre-u ned that ve«<. I
' uuld be sent trum the United Siates ar muci
less expense.
Artificial Mahocany —The following meth
od of giving any species of wood of a rlo »
gram, the appearance of mahogany in texture
1 density and polish, is said to be practised 11
< France, with such success that the best judge
i *re incapable of distinguishing between th
-initatioii and in diogain . Phe surface is fir*
platted smooth and ihe wood 1* then rubber
w iin a solution of nitron* arid One ounce o’
dragon* blood is dissolved in nearly a pint u'
spirits of wine; tin* and one third us an onne*
of rarboiia e «.f *«»di are thru to be mixed to
i .rlht-r, uni fi 'errd. an I the liquid in this thin
*la e is to b I itd on with a *<di brush. Thi
pToce-s is io b- repeated, and in a short inter
val alter ward the w<»d possesses ihe extern*'
appearance of mahogany . When the polish
diuiiniMirs in briilliam-v. it may be restored by
the use ola mile Cold drawn lin*eed oil.
Q -id Fish in the Hudson — The gold fish
originally from China, and hitherto chiefly
known 111 ornamental p«>nd* or glass globes in
thi* country . has become quite naturalized in
iha Hudson river near Newburg. Fi*hertnen
h »ve caught svecmirn* fromright to ten inches
long, bo h tn Ihr Hudson Use sand in the mouth
of Maueawan creek, which were emptied m'o
the crerK atiou ten years ago, and they have
*0 nj.iliiplied as 10 fainv stock the creek and
river m that vicinity
Monument to Thomu Jefferson.—The
Charle trsvil e say e ; ' Tire students
ot the I oiver*i’y ot \ rgmiv have determined
toerecta monument to Thoa Jefferson a* a
token <»f their respect f r his memory and their
apprec 1 vn»n us he benefit* which they have
derived from r»is labors. They pr- p’>se to raise
tr.e «..-c--snrv funds bv publ 3 montniv
per if la be csi ed me "Jefferson Monument
Magazine
A Pr fitable Sbeap —Seymour Aldrich,
a farmer us ins »uwn o. Hopewell in hiscoun’.v
on the Sm mat. sheared twelve pound* of
clean fine wool from a Paulo Marmo Buck
Tne wool had 3 gr. wth of less than one 'ear.
be sheep having been sn«ared the 26:n day us
Ju&Blast Who can beat mat.- C+nand-iigua
nryomrory.
From the Nashville Banner.
Industrial Pursuits and at
Tennassae*
Tb R- P. NlcGinty t Esj.
DenrSir—l evatl uiyself of your polite suggestion,
to cotmnunicato for your paper ihe eubalance of what
1 have said, in rny recent addressed aa a candi late
for the Senate, in relation to the groat Agricultural,
CumtDercini. Mauu'acturing, and Educational in
t’ rests of Tennessee. In doing so, I hope to invite io
the poeiuona aesuined the careful consideration ot
those citizens of the county whom (may not have
had the honor to address from the stump.
What I have said, on these subjects, is substan
tially as (ollowd :
Veiy respectfully,
F. K. ZOLLICOFFER.
Owing to the superior interest felt in the discussion
of questions of National Poliiics. the great duties de
volving upon State I rgisluturpb have been fearfully
overlooked by the people ol Tennessee 1 have cn
deavured to comprehend some of the essential ele
merits in the pio.-periiy of the State, and at 'he ha£
ard of selecting topics upon which no public interest
may be awakened, I venture to uive utterance to my
conclusions, and to the facts upon which they ar*-
baserl, trusting to the eulitfh'ened (.uirio'ism of th»
people of tlie county to determine whether thei«
most vital interests are not deeply involved in their
consideration.
Though the srope and operations of the National
Government are of greater magnitude —yet upon th*
State Governments is devolved the higher and grave
duty ot securing a sou»d body p Ittic— of stieng'lien
ing those ftitidumeriral elements upon which bott
Sime a-d Na .oual Government are based, general
melligence, rnor d rectitude, .nod an abiding love i
eoun’ry among the people. Without these, n«» web
rgnmzed pupul <r government run endure. Mexico
and Gua emali, Fr nee and Cracow, all Republics
large or rinall, ancient or modern, which have failed
<>r fallen, have ”een wanting in these vital support*
of good popular government.
Can if be que>iioned that the State owes schooling
t<» iis children, who are soon to take its guidance an<
conirui? fail not certain that patriotism is to lie
mirtined by g ivernment bless tigs? —by exemption
from oppressive taxation, (dependent on economy and
awn-e administration of public funds,) by' full re
wards for labor, by equal and exaat justice from gov
eri.ment mall cla sesof its citizens, by protection of
persons and property, and by a wise division of labor,
winch enhances alike the profits of agriculture, man
ufactures, and commerce?
Would that our legislators could more earnestly
feel ho much Stale Legislation has to do in pro
moting these great ends In Tennessee, as in the
Union, we are suffering incalculably from the want
of a icise division >f labor. Would that I could im
press upon my fellow ciiizens hoio much !
We produce«»f the raw products ot agriculture a
vast excess, and of the varied and high priced pro
ducts ol manufactures, vastly too liitle —in the lan
guage of the Hon J. R. Umterwo«*d, “too much food
—too little raiment.” We produce what we have
no adequate market for, and we buy whut more than
ibsorbs all our gains. I have been curious to ascer
lain and to understand/ac's, to which I would earn
e>ily call your attention. The official tables of th»-
Register of ihe Treasury disclose that, far the fiscal
year 1848. 'he value ufforeign merchandize imixirted
into the I failed States was 8132 281,000, whilst ihe
value of our agricultural produce exported abroad
was but $107,330,000. The same tab-es show. that,
of specie, our total imports amounted to
.$ 43 b38.M2, whi st our total exports amounted to
but $138,030,516. See the conwquence !—a bal
ance of trade against us of $lO 090,515, w'lich.had
tobepaid, and was p nd, in shipments of specie,
drawn f' om our Ranks and contracting our paper
■d cubdion probably more than twenty millions of
dollars.
The census returns of 1840 show that of the whole
people of the United Slates, there were employed in
griculture 3,719,000 persons, and in manufactures,
79l.0()0 persons. Since then, this relative proportion
nas piobably continued. It is estimated by the New
Orleans Commercial Times, very high authority .that
’he value ot 'he agricultural crop of the Union for
1848 wa- s'>oo 600.000, and by the Boston Atlas, than
which no journal is betier informed, that the whole
produce <»f manufactures for the same year, was
S4OO 000,000.
An easy «.alciilaiii»n upon this data shows that the
return for I b* r, to those who labor in manufactures,
• vertices $1 6l per day, whilst to those who are in
ihe fields oi ag icuhure ihe return is but 49} cents
,er day. This is a va>t difference agtinstihe farin-
• r, and I have been curious to know in what portions
f the Union the well paid citiz>-na live, and where
ili<>t.e live who are >o p iorly compensated fortheir
labor. I find they are located as follows.
No. employed in Agriculture. In M .niifiv*t’R.
N. Fngland Sta’ex, 414,138 187.2 8
Middle Stales, 308,633 333,947
Southern Suite-*, 935,729 87 955
Southwestern States 650,546 37,»-39
Northeastern States, 890 9 5 144 690
Total, 3 719 951 791.749
Let these figures he carefully borne in mind. I find
'iirther thit ihete are sixteen States in ihe Union that
maybe regatded as As-rieulttiral. and fourteen that
<re Mamdactiiring and c mmercial —the exchanges
are generally running in fav*>r of the latter, and against
the f- inter —ami that where local currencies ate de
preciated, they are in the agricultural Siafes AH
ihe New England States, but Vermont, are mamifac
■ tiring Sta’es; Ma*i*achu**etts, and even N York and
Pensylvania etir racing 'he great commercial em •
pinums, have m >re capital invested in in mitficture-*
Hinn in merchandise These are secrets which our
people should understand.
Huw is if in Tennessee? The census shows that
we have 275 000 persons employed in agriculture,
and but 17 OOl) employed in manufactures and ’he
trades. Wind an unequal divisi< nol labor fa In-re ’
’Jontraflt it wi'h Miv.-dchuseits—wh»*re 87,000 |»er
sons are employed in <gri iihure an I 85 000 in inanu*
lecture* In T*-n lessee we make a vast surp'us of
the bulky products of agriculture <■• transport to an
nod qu tt and distant market In Massachusetts
i goon ho ne lumket is provi led fi»r their home pro
ducts- consumers are placed side by sdo with p<o
lucers. What is the result tolhe agricultural inter
est? In Nashville the average exporting price of In
dian corn, nur chief staple, is 20 centi* per bushel—in
Bos’un and Lowell ami elsewhere throughout Missa-
husetts, ladian corn
.-I; and even at Ill.it hfah price, other products <>f
laborare much more prufitsl»le than corn is imp >r ed
into MuscuK-huselts In Tenueeaee 'he average value
of land per acre, as shown by ’he • ffici d reiurns to
e Compt-oiler’s office, i> b o $3 03 whifat in Mas
-S' huselte, leaving out cerutiu cuunnerctal coun'ies
<-mbrtici<'g Boston and other ••ornmeir.fal towns, where
die value of hud i> jfre iil. enhanced, and taking only
•he a ricnliitral counties, where land is lowest, and
ne average value of i.-toil p»r acre, (as shown by of
ficial return*) is $ 575, Wh 11 dff rence! In
L .weli, tabor fa u idii.e lair compensation oi 80Cerns
per day mr men, mid $2 per week fir W’-meo —
Afliilsi in Teon'-ssrr tlie average comp nsaiiori i<> hd»<.r
Joes rtoi exceed 50 cems | er d .y for men. $1,25 per
week for women Such is’he value ofn wine divis-
1 >ll of I ib<>r ! I beg ihat the tanners of (he country
vdl ponder these tacts, and o’hera of like character
»hichl’i’le hive*'ig:t ion wilt disclose, but which I
c.i noi now hike time 10 dwell upon.
On great error is, we have provi.led no “ market
11 ihe land for’he products of the lands,” aud our
iirplus pt.foluce lin rally fovlls lor nothing Corn, here,
-eiling at cents, we -hip to New Orleans ai a cost,
K ii»r tr insporting. sacks s-teking, *heding,
■Muuiiissionii and charge* ) of 56 Cents a sick, or 22
2 5 cents per tnishel, which makes 42 2-5 cents a»
New Oile ms • qual 10 20 cenis ai home The actual
tverttg' pi ice in the shipping th-a.*>«m of 1848, from Ist
iiec 1> IH April, a' New Orleans, was, as nearly as
! ran a-certain it, 42 cents. So, nothing is made «»y
■ hipping it to New Orleans. —I,’ostof (ransporiafion
>nd 1 iber charges in shipping from New <'rleans t<
Liverpool, is ordinarily abnu' 50 2 5 cents per bufohel
which put to the cost to New Orleans, 42 2-5 cents.
nakes93 cenls per bush**! at Liverpool equal Io 20
cents at home. In September, 1847, coin -old at Liv
-rpool ai 81 cents, tn January, 1848, at 80 to 90cents
ind in Uvcemb- r, 1843, at b 9 cen’s per bu.-hrl Ii
foihus shown of what value th” Liverpool market is
o us. £7n 1 land our srrain i ■ balk, bi tal no
>• emi in crating price to us. For the fiscal year 1843
lie Unoed Stales supplied firod to Europe tolhe value
■ $07,724,543, but Ut what prices, onr money pres
•uies will explain to those who care not to examine
i.ore definitely (he prices current,
Such '» the depression in prices that the whole ex
pirte of Tennessee do not exceed, as is believed 83,
00,000 per annum, whilst the imports of foreign mer
-tiandize, is shown by i ffiml returns at the Comp
'roller’s office, amount t<> about 810,000.000 per an
turn. H’ wfa thisannuai balance again*’ us of pro
bably 82.000.000, paid? The plain answer is by
•ankruptcy and with tq**cie —by deductions from tt.e
•el gams of labor—h continued, heavy, blighting
drain upon 'he prosperity ofihe Slate. Let it not be
-aid “we buy too much —we must buy less.” Thai
is an impracticable argument w** cannot correct 'he
evil by persuading our people to “ buy less.” They
will foiill go on to b.iy what (heir supposed necessities
■r their cu-totnary indulgencies require. But we
•an contrive to pay them belter for their labor, and
hus enable them 1 » buy mu c and still have a large
urplus profit. MaSfoarhnsel s has dune this—she
prudoeed i;i Hl* from the labor of her manufacturers
85 000 p’-r.-i n- in 1840) pn ducts to ihe value of
i>2 VUO.OUO. whilst in the same year Tennessee pro
luced. from ihe labor <>f her agriculturists (275,000
<• HfO.) products to the value nt $10,000,000. ree
ill-.’ difference, in the return for tab**! The fast vear’s
crop <»l Indian corn in Tennessee is estimated at
000 100 bushels. A< 20 c’s this is worth sll
OOu OUU; but had we ihe divtfion of labor found in
*las*achuse!te had we home consumers for this home
produ- t, at 70 cts per bushel, as in Massachusetts,
s worth would be 38 500 000 a clear gam to the
.iroductive industry al ihe Slate of $27.’00 000 in ihe
ingle article ot Indian corn, and which alone would
urn die balance of trade largely in our favor.
Ihe annual demand for $l0*,00(>,000 eichnnge. t<»
~ay far merchandize introduced, keeps our Tennes
■re B.inkfo under a constant strain. Their paper is,
•n consequence, at an average discount a« 4 per cen’.
■•1 the ►fasiern cities a* qu •ed by the Banker*’ Ma
.aXmeforall 1818-9. If’hey fa.l, fhere'ore, to sup
»»ly exchange, (he merchants, in self-de'ence. will
.•resent th< ir pnp*r, and draw rd ship (he specie to
ey lor goods, ra'her than sut>m>t tn this heavy loss,
>lncb i< w übvious would so n prostrate (he Banks
The Bank* are ihere’ore loreed to provide exchange,
witn winch 10 supply ptymeni for the heavy impnria
xHiSof merchandize which they ’lost ana erage <’f
bout 2 per cent, discount—but they can only make
xchan&e out «»f |>r<>duce and mtecellane«»u- rnmroo
-1 ”rs slipped abrwd and ns«”ireii.-nrtfl, $9,000 000)
all short ©four i npnns, (SIO.O '0 OuO,) here is tv r
« an*T'ness of exchange and a heavy pressure upon
he Banks. In thi* Mugle item of hws on exchange,
t 2 per cent., on $lO 0 0 • 00 importation*, there isa
'*■>• tn the productive industry of Tennessee ul S.OO.
XK) per annum—.l bout double l'»e annual Slate rax
irre’ofore upm 'he wh »ie tax ibis property of the
* at**! This is cot all. In ibis siate of things, our
* nek Btnkfo are only able n» decl «re 4 per cent, di
vi tends, aud 'hey do nut always do that, whilst ro
me knows, orcari prec rely tell, what our State Bank
- realizing In Muesachu*ritfo. where tlie exports
xceed :t«e import, where exchange runs in their fa-
• r, ihe l->Cal Oink p- per is 1 p r. and (be Banks in
averaged d videiids of 7| per cent. I select
•iafoSacfiosL'ts for comp«ri*.»n because the contrast is
-inking. The same eontraste arc furnished in oiher
-sa e*. io proportion as there is a wise division of
And the contrast* hat appear between States of'ib*
Ua on. may be trsc-d more minutely hetweancuun’iea
•I ihe State. Compare the counties in Tennesec, where
labor ie d'Vtded, with the strictly agricultural coun
ties. Compare Davidson county wiih Msuray—’*hel
:>y with Obion. In Obnm, where ths soil is ten feet
deep alluvial, but where there is no divi-i n of tabor,
me average vMu- of land per acre, is $2 11- I have
not lime to dwe lon the macy e ail# that her- crowd
upon tlie m;nd ; hut w b>» <!• ea no; perceive a: a stance,
hat tlie .‘Uvni' s interest • f tbe farmer is to plant by
ins side every clasvof worainz population which pur
chase* and C’nsuraes hrs products?
I; >s the policy es ihe Legislation of the State, 'here*
lore, to encourage D mesne Manufactures and Inter
na! Improvement ; to fi >er the various hones: han
dicrafts and mechanic arts; to take care oftheagenta
and of tbe elements* of commercial j»rueperi’y *. to de
velop* the vast, b it cotnpcratieely unopened, mineral
res ■ jrces of the State ; to give liberal charters to man
ufacturing CJUipames ; to seek to inirod'»ce new
clarees of labor, and additional numbers of laborers, f
whether in the *r.?. pr seam ns. or workshop*, in na
•ga ion, min'iw. c xnmerce, which will aid in :
3 . :d nk up a ■■ :n-rk-t in tbe land for ihe produce of !
the fan ’ y bringing • the plough, the loom, and !
the anvil’’ e’h-r.
How so-rage r seems then, that instead of such !
en entered general icb*y our s’..ce Legislature has I
-eetaed
untenauee. to frown upon, o letter, f burden, I
•nd oppress, a ! productive classes whicn premise to
become .he cu*t cere aud consumers of tbe fermer’* j
produce ;
Manufac’ur ng ebaners were agi o and again j
aed •: the a-tses*K>n of the l.eg> un -se en
cu nberec by e and opprewiv* rtetre 'Oaa,
aneh as are -.mpoer’ io so otter State m Uj« Cnx». j ,
Vacer :be set of 1&44, HJar C3.S ot wbo 16’fWted |
$lbOU tn his business was taxed #io 50, whilst the <
shaver ol notes who used $lO 0 tn his business w a
taxed but 75 cents—thu* discriminating against the !
•nteiprfaing and useful mercantile class as though it
were not unly useless in transporting to market or fur
nishing a home market for the great agricultural sta
ples ot the country, but an obnoxious and pernicious
class. And under existing laws, the merchant is
now taxed ten fold the permanent State fax upon
taxable property —and the irregular dealer in s .gar.
6t»lt, iron, spun cott<Hi, &c , is wholly exempted from
taxation, though a single individual often deals to the
amount of tens of thousands, whilst the regular mer
chant, by his aide, is competing with him under tlie
burden of this ten-fold taxation. All the useful and
thrifty m.’chinic arts are, by our penal code, vitally
warred upon.
We manufacture, under this code, mechanics out
of felons turning out ecures annually, o' men degra
ded by the infamy of their crimes, ami disfranchised
"infamous' 1 by the laws, to compete with honest
•nd farifty citizens to mingle with them socially,
perchance, by stealth, to intermarry in their families,
«"d tb.iß to make them ashamed 01, and ready .o fl v
from their honest but much wronged vocations. But
'•me will n ot u || o w me io extend the list of buc'.i in
'lances of mistaken policy Every citizen has a right
’"Claim an exemption from unequal tsxati >n, unless
Ins vocation is obviously pernicious to the common
wealth. Every meritorious class has the right t<»de
uund that his Government shall not socially degrade
• im. I believe there is an inherent sense of justice
*ith the people which will correct these i» j Ties. I
1" not believe they have been wilfully inflicted or
well understood. 1 desire to se up the inquiry
promptly, how far we may correct these eirors. Wt
•"ay at least take an important step in the right di
rection. There are various grades ofcrime for which
'•en are incarcerated in the Pettiien iary. Convicts
whose crimes and characters are design ited t.y th
aw as “infamous,” should not be made mechanic*,
•f. Let trades be given only to the better class of con
vtets —this would furnish some relief to the hone*t
mechanic. The heavy merchant’s tax may with the
greatest pr>priely be reduced <»n*- half. There is no
demand by the treasury for the present burdensom*
tax. The present revenue laws will yield $420,0 0
annual revenue, and all disbursements at the trea?-’i
ry, reasonably to bo anticipated will be covered with
8250,000 annually. Thus, we will have an annual
surplus of $.70,000 The annual deficit of the Bank
>f Tennessee has averaged about b 4 000, and wilt
probably not exceed $70,000 per year hereafter.—
This will Mill leave an annual surplus of $100,000;
whereas 850 000 »nnual surplus will liquidate all the
State debt falling due within ten ye as to come, it be
ing less than SSOO OUO. Then, we can well afford to
tie just to merchants. And why should we seek to
cripple manufacturing companies with illiberal re
strictions? tuibono?
To dwell on o her specifications of such legislative
policy would occupy too much time. I am for making
a careful exam nation, and wherever it c.tn be sate I y
.lone, applying the pruning knife.
But, as is forcibly retnaiked by Prof. Ingraham, a
man ol high imdlect among us, at last, ‘‘ The grand
lever that shall move the world is Public Education ! ’
*'ew York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and the
New England S’ates generally, understand this
They educate their scbotasiic populaHon. Massachu
neifs does it, with a stosfiei /Statesfund than we have I
Their whole people literally, are taught to read, write
a..d cyphot, suficiently to transact business shrewd
ly. They weM understand their commercial and bu
siness interests —hence ihe trite proverb, “as cute as
a yankee, ’’—They well know they are amassing
wealth from, our losses in exchange, in bunk paper
deprecta ion, and in unequal rewards for labor. They
do not want a National Bank—they do not want a
sound National currency, and a uniform and mode
rale rate of exchanges They perceive their large
gains since ihe withdrawal < f u National Bank, which
f irnished exchange from one extremity of ihe Union
to the other at one hdf of one per cent, Heni'.e Chiy
say, a National Bank is an “obsufete idea;” and
they laugh in their sleeve at our want ol penetration
and foreca?t.
V' hat arc we doing with oar magnificent sch >ol
fund? therefore is an intensely interesting quet-tion !
Though we have u permanent fund <4\51,33 »,394 44,
and though we annually distribute fir school pur
poses about $117,000. yer whxt are the '•ceul'B ?
Who knows iniw thisinoney now for ten years ha
been expended ? how much is paid for teachers?
how nni'-h f>r fuel ? how much for schoolhouses?
what wages are given fur teachers? what is taught ?
who knows bow many children are attending :ho
schools? how many schools kept up? or tor how
many months in • the ) ear ? or any thing about it?
The legislature knows nothing—the people know
nothing about it I And is not thia a must reuinrkubl*-
state of things? Bull cannot now undertake the
various details which crowd upon me and which
make thia t<> me a subject of unusual inter* st. It is
enough to say, our ays »-m has n<> vitality, no value
it is a dead failure ; but if ice. will, We may educate
(jar ichulc scholastic population and we ahull n»-ver
prosper as New Yory, Pennsylvania, and Massa
chusetts prosper, btca ise we shall never fully c«»tn
i prebend and put info requisition an enlightened sys
i lun of pol'iical euonomy, until we perceive that
“The grand lever that shall move the world is Public
i Education!”
Should I have the honor to represent you in the
Senate, I shall labor with an earnest zeal to impress
upon the General Assembly the line of policy I have
now been able but cursorily to indicate - to perfect a
cutnm<>n school svsiem—to secure a wi-e mlminis
(ration oi the public funds—to modify unequal and
unjust tuxaiion—and, so fur as legislation can give
aid. to increase the rewards of produ< live industry,
and in every way develope our res> mces and the
immense resources of the Gommon w* alth which gave
me birth, and which I ut naturally desire to see
occupy a proud position in the galaxy of Amciican
States.
New Southern Route to Santa Fe and
the El Dorado or thk West—Capt Fred
I’ Dent. sth U S Infantry, who w-m sent (mt
in March la-t oil a second excursion from Fort
Smith, Ark , under order* from Gen. Arbuckle,
with the view of miking a survey ami open
ing a road on the south side of the river Cana
dian, as far as ('hontean’s trading post, and
connecting with the Santa Fe trail, hHs returned,
and hi- report reaches ns through the Fort
Smith Herald:
According to Capt D.’s report the distance
when compar'd with the old route has been
greatly diminished, and passing over a much
better Country than the most sanguine friends
of the south side of that river had anticipated
Capt D experienced much iiiclemeut weath
' er, ana the Hood of rains which had fallen had
rendered the prairies through which In* course
lay rather inipracSeattle for heavy laden wag
ous to pas- over—an objection however, w hich
does rim exist throughout the year Tnis
young officer inis reported also upon the practi
cability of constructing n railroad over the
i country which he pa-sed We extract from his
report on this head his concluding remark* :
• My opinion i- that no extraordinary ditfi
cuhy will present itself With a very hide
deviation from the route I pursued a mad can
he obtain d throughout the whole line of which
the grade* will not exceed ten feet tn a m le,
and thi* only at a lew points, as it may be car
ried on a level prairie nearly all the way. But
few viaducts will he required, and where re
quired a single arch will suffice. Every stream
pre-entsone or more points for crossing witii
firm, natural foundations for abutments Coal
of good quality Itmestom- for It me at convenient
iti'ervals. good limber of every variety and fine
budding stone already almost shaped to suit the
architect’s purpose, are strong recointnenda
'ions m I avor of the valley of the Canadian as a
locality lor the connecting link between the
Eastern and Western extremes of the coun
”
Pacific Railroad.—-A correspondent of the
National (melhgencer. speaking of ihecontem
plated railroad between the Atlantic and Pa
cific says—
An attentive examination ofthe map and the
best and most reliable accounts of the country
between the Mississippi and the Pacific indi
cates Memphis as the most favorable point for
starting the proposed road to the Pacific. Pass
ing ihmugh the State of Arkansas to New Mexi
co. the course ofthe rivers i- such that very
few of them would have to be crossed, and.
keeping about the thirty sixth degree of latitude
to the Pacific, would give this route the advan
tage of a milder climate than a more northern
route. 7’he southern position ofthe route here
recommended would render it more convenient
to be approached at suitable points by trader
from Mexico, who, with their pack inult-s would
come with safety at any season of the year
and get their supplies of dry goods, light hard
ware, and other articles that we could tran-port
by meansofa railroad. Such a road would
give usspeedv access to our valuable posses
sions on the Pacific, and cause the intermediate
country on the line of the road to be occupied
by permanent settlers. I hope that public at
tention will be eff-ctuel'y directed toihi-wvrk.
and that sectional feelings and party tactic* will
not be permuted to operate against one ofthe
most beneficial schemes us the pre.-enl centu
O-
From The Pacific.—vVe ar»- indebted to
Henry Lareintree. E-q of the (J. S Navy,
who arrived here yesterday morning from the
Pacific, via. the I-thmus. f>r dan iago de Chili
papers of 30th April; Valparaiso papers i» 2drh
of same «n«»nil>, and Lmi.x paper* to the 10« h
May He returns m good health, after a long
tour of duty in the Pacific We learn that Mr
B»*nton our Charge at Santiago de Chili, hav
ing b en unable io obtain from that Govern
merit the amende h*4d to be hi* due. in cons -
qnr rice ofthe course taken in reference u» hi*
marriage to a lady of that country—had closed
ihe Lega ion on ihe 27th April, and was to de
maud tn* nas-poris forthwith
Ihe U S. ship Dale w-«s expected a* Talpa
rais«>. with $1 509 (XM) of California gold—a
portion of which wa- for (he Adtn'ic Siab-s
Tne ship \nn M< Ron which arrived at V’.d
paratso on (he 15 h April, in 45 days from San
Franci*co had SSO uIMJ in gold. Baltimore
American 29.’A ult
Dksperate As-ault—We learn from the
Fort Smith (Ark ) Herald oi (he 13th ins! .the
subjoined particular*. On'he night of ih-6th.
al ihe Cherokee agency.several men broke in
t<> the room of Hon. RC. S Brown, ihe Cher
okee agent, and b-at him with an axe or club,
wounding and bruising him so severely ’hat
his file wa» for some lime d*-paired of. Rob
bery was no doubt the object of tne villains, a*
Mr Brown was known to have recently had in
hi* po-ses-mn several thousand dollars to pay
off he Indians. The perpetrator* ofthe outrage
were lightened off by ths neighbors being a
wakened by the noise. Three of the villains
hnve been arrested ; one a soldier, one a negro,
and a fellow by tne nam® °l Lac* . who i«
neither white, Indian, i»«»r negro, but a little of
ach __
Correspondence, of the Baltimore Sun
AVaSßinoto*. June 28.
I learn that Mr Henry A Wise him written
a letter to General F0 ,,1e - ,n 10 lne re
cenupistle of the latter tlemao. «n which ;
he declares that he has entirely renounced poli- j
tics, and will take no pa rt i,! lhe M, tyeCls to
which Gen F. ha* direcied his mlemion.
Lieut Be.<ie left yesterday morning, with
dispatches for t'ahfornii- £"e- in the Fal
con. The character of h»* di-paiches ha* not
transpired ; bull wul ** hat they we. i
infer from '’ertain thing** ll, at Col. Waller is
re called as Cooiimssiooer. and Col. Fremont
appointed. I infer, ais®. thar the admimslra
lion hare given such orders a# wifi promise
and encourage the establishment of a Provts
ioual Government and the adoption of a State
! Constitution: and an application at an early
period of the next session for admission. lox.
Mint Regulation —VVe understand that by
a ne* regulation which ha* been adopted at
the Mint, with the concurrence of the Secre
tary of the Treasury, and which is to HKe ef
fec on and after tne first of July. g nl d com
bined wr.n silver will be parted a: such rates
as will yield an increased return to depositors.
Tne California gold, for example, will gener
ally pay about a half of one per cent more
than heretofore; and th* return upon pale
doubioon*. Becntier s coin*- and most of the
gold of North Carolina, will b® somewhat
greawF— PhsU dwwr ’
Augusta, ®cir.’.
TUESDAY MOKMNU. JILY 3. I8*»
Advantages of K.nafaatnrea.
From a letter of Danisi Pratt, of Ala., to
one of the journal* of that State, we cull the
subjoined extract, showing the advantages to
tax payers by the establishment of manufacto
ries Mr. P. urges, with much force and abil
ity, upon the consideration of the people of
Alabama, the necessity of chartering joint stock
banks which shall afford a sound currency equal
to the demands of the productive industry of
the State; and in this connection shows that, in
consequence of the absence of such institu
tions in Alabama, the Bulks and capital of!
Georgia and South Carolina are now reaping
a rich harvest in the shape of interest for the
use of their money to buy the produce of the
State. He says:
11 I have been told ttiat manufacturing would be
no udrnn'age to lhe State, and by persona, too who
ought to know better. I'liosaine men say btnka are
of no utility. It is just as well, they think, that Geor
gia should reap the benefits us for our own capitalists
contend that any iu.sin ess which brings capital to
the Staie is for the interest of its ciiizeus. As an in
stance, 1 will merely cite the little village which I
ounded some nine years since. When 1 made u
purchase of the place, I presume if did not pay a tax
exceeding sls. and hu<l there been no manufacturing
done there, the tax would not now probably exceed
820. This year it paid from fi»e to six hundred dol
lars tax half of which goes to our county. Suppose
<ome ten such village-* should spring up in the county,
the tax derived from them would piy all our count}
expenses and leave the tax collected from our citi
zens to be invested in a school fund. The found
ing of manufacturing villages throughout the State
would serve material!v to lessen our taxes, and give
besides employment to a large number ».f persons who
are dependent on their daily labor for the support of
their fam-lies.”
Mr. Pratt is an intelligent, enterprising,
practical man, and the village of Prattsville tu
which he refers was founded and built up by
his enterprise What has been accomplished
in Prattsville, to increase the revenue of the
State, may and will be attained in every other
manufacturing village established in the South
ern States, as certainly as like causes produce
like effects. There are few counties in Geor
gia that cannot divert an amount of capital
from its ordinary channels sufficient to build
up a manufacturing village, which in a few
years would equal, and in many instances sur
pass, Prattsville, without material embarrass
ment to the present pecuniary afT.tirs of the
citizens. Apart, then, from the consideration ol
the subject as a revenue measure, it presents
peculiar attractions to the philanthropic and
patriotic, in the advantages which such a sys
tern affords tor the education of the poor chil
dren of the dtate, and the securing a market
for labor for al! those who have that commodi
ty to sell. These important advantages im
prove the moral and physical condition of lhe
poor, and while ihey elevate their standard of
comfort will greatly contribute to their happi
ness
Influence of American Institutions*
The London Spectator presents the follow
ing contrast which, says the Baltimore Ameri
can. is truthfully drawn, and which cannot be
contemplated without some reflections point
ing to future consequences. The changes al
luded to in ’he concluding part of the extract
are connected with a plan submitted by Mr.
Roebuck ‘‘for the government of some portion
of lhe colonial possessions <»f England ” What
lhe particular features of that plan are we have
had no means, as yet. of knowing.
“ The career that lies be*bre two men. one of whom
has been born and lives upon the Southern shore of
the St. Lawrence, and the oiher on the North ol that
river, i» a striking example of the observation here
made. The one is a cmz nnftheU ited Siates; the
other a suljecl of England, aCa adian c«»lonist. The
one has a country winch he can call Ins own; a great
country already diatiog'iishad in arms, in arts, ami in
some degree in literature. Io his country's honor amt
tame the im rican has a »h ire, and he enters upon
his career of life with lotiy agpir-iiions, hoping to
achieve fame himself in some of the many paths )<»
ren<>wn which h acouo ry wile re. She has a Senate
an Army, a Navy, a Bar, many powerful and rich
churche', her men of science, her physicians, phil>*-o
ph»*ra, are all a national brotherlio>><i, giving and re
ceiving distinction. How g.lltnu to the p> >r colonist
is the contract to this which his inglorious career af
lorda. He has no country ; the pl.-ce where he was
born, and where he is ’o linger out his life, unknown
to fmie, has no history—no past gl*»ry, n« present re
uown. What th* re is of Note is England’s I Canada
is not « nation; she is a colony, a tiny sphere, the sn
lelhte ofa mighty star, in whose brightness she is
lost. Camda has no Navy, no Army, <»■> literatiir-,
no brother hood of science. If, then, a Canadian
look a far honor in any of these various fields, he inu»i
seek it as EiiglMliiiian; he must forget and deseit bis
country before lie can be kn••wn to fame. We must
not th-n wonder if we find every intelligent and am
bilious Canadian wiih a faelmj of bitterness in his
h- art, because of his own inferiority o' condition
Pew will own o eote* faming the feeling, if they be
prudent, even to friends; some, indeed, contrive to
nide it from themselves; neve thcle.-e, there it is, and
mu»t tie, so long as his country remains a colony.
Bur by care the painful part of ihi- cnlrion may be
gr*atlv diminished, if not entirely taken away, and
what little remains may be, perhaps, more than com
pensated by the benefits which the Colony may de
rive fnnn England, by whose friendly aid and hon
< Table kindness she may be enabled to bold a higher
[pisiiion Hmong nati ns than she could do were she
entirely indepe dent.”
It would be very difficult. continues the Ame
rican. to devise any siicce«sfii plan which would
combine the colonial relation with those ex
pansive ideas and aspirations which pertain to
an independent uaiionality. The colonist has
no country. Os one of the largest and most
elevating of human sympathies he is deprived.
Born and reared upon a dependent soil he has
no indi iduaiity of existence nor any identifi
cation with an existence greater than his own.
A man may afford to himself in the na
tionality of a great republic or empire ; he
may take pride in such an abnegation of him
self ; he may feel that he derives from such an
identification more reflected glory than he
ever could, in his own selfhood, impart or ac
quire. But the colonist is like a parasite plant,
which clings to the parent stock, yet is not re
cognized as a part of it.
Some British statesmen of the last century
regretted, after our ind'-pendenre was gained,
an order of colonial nobility had not been es
tablished in this country It is even said that
in the early period of, our Revolution such a
design of conciliation was sincerely considered,
and that a Dukedom was to be offered to Wash
ington. Such a scheme, even if proposed be
fore the alienation of the Colonies from the
mother country had become fixed, would have
failed utterly, because every step tending to
give a distinct existence to such colonies as the
old thirteen would have tended to their ulti
male independence.
“I he People.’*
We take pleasure in calling the attention of
Irishmen and the friends of Ireland, to the fact
th a Mr. Chakles C. Jackson. an Agent for
I "The People" newspaper, is now in this City, at
Mrs. Camfield's, for the purpose of extending
the circulation of that journal. "The People”
is edited by Messrs. Thus Devon Reilly and
W.m E R<>bin»on. both favorably known in
the world of journalism, and is designed as a
r-flex ol the liberal principles of our govern
ment. and io poin ’he Sons of the Emerald
Lie. driven by oppression from their native
land, to the vast resources of America.
Dividend t'be Iron 3 e.nnboil Company
have declared a semi annual dividend of Jit e
per ont.
The Bank of Hamburg, S. C , has declared
a dividend Gom the profits of the last half year
of $2 per chare, being at the rate of eight per
cent per annum.
The ship Goy Muonering arrived at New
York on Thurcday morning, from Liverpool,
with seven hundred and seventy nine p.-Aen !
gm There were hirty five deaths on board
during the pa»-age.
Father Mathew has not yet arrived in the
Coiled States The announcement of the pack
**l s ip Ashburton being below at New York,
on Thursday last, on board of which vessel he
is a passenger, was premature. Up to noun
on Saturday, nothing wr« known of her.
Princeton College.—The initial exercises
of th- K)2d anniversary of this venerable insti
tution took place on Tuesday afternoon The
literary societies were addres-ed by the H<»n
John Thompson Masonnf Maryland His the tn e
was Education. On Wednesday evening the
annual exerc ses of the junior class drew to
gether a large and fashionable audience. The
was to be held Friday The
College, it in -aid. was never in a more pros
perous condition.
Germans m America.—There nre in the
Ohm Conference alone forty three German Me*
thodiai preacher-. Most of them have some
knowledge of Fnglish —La*ely they h ive form
ed themselves into an association for their mu
tuai itnpro* ement: and also to devise measures
for preaching the Go-pel m«re exien-ively and
effectually among their brethren in thi* country.
The number of Germans in the United States
is about two millions, and is rapidly increas
ing.
The steam ship Fu/cun. Thompson, master,
from New York for Chagres, touched off our
bar at an early hour yesterday morning The
mail and five parent ers which went down to
her in tne steamer Mount Pleasant w*re placed
on board, after winch she proceeded on her
voyage. —CA. Cour.
Afire ocetired on the 24th at Danville, Pa.,
by winch the Muotnur IronCotnpatty was injur
ed to the amount of $6 000 to s*.ooo. Lose
covered by insurance.
A letter received in this city on Saturday last
from Washington, stales that Dr J. F. Griffin,
of Hamburg South Carolina, has been appoint
ed Consul a. Vera Cruz and Alvarado, Mex*
co.— Ch. Corn.
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR r
Opinion-, of the Press*
The Soother* Cultivator, for June pub- 1
fished nt Augusta. Georgia, m on otir table.
Its contents afford r rich treat to the agricultu- j
riflt who in deairons of accumulating a stock of
useful information with regard to his pursuits. r
We bespeak for the Cultivator a liberal pat- $
ronage It is worthy of it.— Yazoo Democrat. (
The Souther* Cultivator. —We have ’
received the first six numbers of the seventh <
volume of this highly interesting and useful ag I
ricultural journal. The .Southern Cultivator *
is published monthly at Augusta. Georgia, for I
the low price of one dollar a year. The num <
bers before ns contain a goodly quantity of t
well written and well selected articles upon al >
most every branch of agriculture, embellished ‘
with many elegant engravings. In his num
her we publish u condensed prospectus of lhe i
Cultivator so that ah who may wish an agri ’
cultural periodical, adapted to the South, may ’
know where to procure the cheapest and lhe
best.— Bayou Sara Ledger. <
Cholera. —At Philadelphia during the 24
! hours ending 2441 insytul, at 1 P. M., there
( were three cases and three deaths.
Chester, Pa. there was one death by cholera
on Saturday.
St Louis, June 22, 1849. —The interments
yesterday in eleven cemeteries, were 130, ol
which 106 were caused by cholera. To-day,
there were 9li burials in ten cemeteries, of
which 86 were from cholera.
Cincinnati, June 23. 1849.—0 f the inter
ments in the various places of burial up to
noon to day. there were 60 from cholera, and
18 from other diseases. I’he weather exceed
mgly hot.
At Lexington, Ky.. there were nineteen
deaths by cholera during the four days ending
on lhe 19th
Toe remarks of lhe Observer may be useful
in allaying the unnecessary apprehensions and
increasing the necessary precautions of those
who may at any time be exposed to lhe attacks
of the cholera The editor says—
“ We will remark that there has been a pretty
general predisposition to the disease among
our citizens, and a great many cases of diar
rhea, attended sometimes with vomiting and
cramps, have occurred; but the great mass of
these cases have yielded readily to medical
treatment, and Lie patients have been relieved
Indeed we do not hesitate to state asourdelib
erate opinion, founded upon the best informa
tion, that not asingie case has occurred, follow
ed by a fatal termination, in which inexcusable
imprudence or neglect may not be readily
traced.”
At Richmond on 23d,p. m. there were report
ed five cases and three deaths. Since the com
mencement ol cholera in that city there have
been 103 cases and 52 deaths. The Board of
Health on the 26th reported ten new cases
three of which had terminated fatally, and
seven stili under treatment or convalescent.
At Louisville on the 21st, eight deaths
The Nashville True Whig of 19th says : The
number of burials at the city graveyard, on
Saturday last, were 38, and on Sunday only 13
The Memphis Eagle of the 15 th says: There
were 20 deaths of cholera in this city on Thurs
day. They were confined to particular loculi
ties. Yesterday there were 7 deaths, as far as
we could learn. The victims were chiefly wo
men.
The Austin (Texas) Democratsta’es that the
cholera had nearly or qu te disappeared from
Sail Amonio. The mortality exceed-* concep
tion The deaths number seven hundred in a
population under fifteen hundred.
The At New York, during the
24 hou’S ending on the 26 h instant at noon,
there were seventy three cases and 38 deaths.
At Brooklyn, during 'he same period, there
' were six cases and three deaths.
Ai Hoboken there have been six cases and
( three deaths
At Bergen five dea'hs have occurred.
1 One fatal case had occurred on lhe road near
Bergen Point, and one case on (he Secaucus
R«»ad. from which if would appear that lhe
( country near the city is not exempt from the
I cholera.
, At Camden, N J daring the 24 hours ending
; on lhe 25th. noon, there were twenty cases ol
> cholera and four deaths. *
» Two deaths hive occurred al Haddonfield.
' and one ac»o.*n Cooper’s Creek, near < amden
' At Richmond on the 25’h iu-l. there were
’ ten cases and three deaths ; and on the 26 h,
’ en cases and four deaths.
* I'he ch fam has made its appearance at San
ger'ie-. N. Y. Os l2cas>-8 4 have proved fatal
, A* Pittsburgh, on lhe 25ih, there was one
case.
At Warsaw (Mo ) on the 9lh there were
i sevt-ncas'B and four deaths.
The whole number of deaths in St Louis,
* during the week ending on the 17tli instant.
’ was 402.
There were thirty deaths on board the«team
“ er Sultana, on her passage from Cairo, lo Si
. L-mis When she reached lhe latter place, on
1 7th. six dead bodies were onboard, and quite
* a number were sick.
r The Covington Union says there have been
s several cases in that vicinity, recently, some
it of which prove.! fatal.
I’he Nashville True " hig of2l-t says that
•* lhe disease has in a great measure ceased iis
ravages While the number of its victims
3 have greatly diminished its a tacks are of a
I much milder nature. On the 19th there were
time, and on lhe 2O’.h twelve deaths. I’he
a deaths for the week ending on the 20lh were
j 117.
At Louisville on the 22d there were 8 deaths.
Al Elizabethtown. 111., on the Ohio river, the
- fatality is very great. Out of a population of
r lens than 300 there have been 24 deaths in the
f course of two or three days I’he inhabitants
vxerr fleeing from the place.
The cholera is r-till prevailing on many plan
I rations on the river in the vicinity of Vicksburg,
The Sentinel slates that that city is free of the
disease, and is more healthy than usual at this
* season of lhe year
i ——.
. Beautiful Passage —An article upon the
Riihject ol “ Revivals,” in a la’e number of the
Christian M irror, contains lhe following beau
tiful passage :
“The spiritual kingdom of God, like His
kingdom of nature, is advanced hy influences
which areas still and as secret as they are great.
‘ What can be more soft and still than the influ
ence oflight on the material world ? Millions of
! rays falling on the infant in his cradle, do not
awake it from sleep ; yet those rays convey
’ fertility and beauty to every tree, and shrub
and flower, and blade of grass; nay, they un
bind lhe frosts of winter—they unlock our riv
er in the spring, they cause a general resurr c
lion of lhe vegetable kingdom, and by (he
abundant harvest they procure, fill the hearts
<>f countless millions with food and gladness.
Without light, the earth would become unfit
for the habitation of man; the entire race
would soon perish. B:ii light makes no noise,
no tumult, no parade of power. The earth
quake. the volcano, lhe hurricane, with a thou
sand fold more noi-e. exert not a thousandth
part of its influetif?e on the con ition of the
world Just like iight, was designed to be lhe
influence of the gospel; silent, soft, gentle,
unobtrusive ; yet penetrating, far reaching
powerful, saving. We. my Christian friends,
are called “lhe light of the world let us be
such in 'he place where we reside. The per
fectioii of machinery is evinced by its noiseless
movement. Ordinarily, lhe more noise there
is in religion, lhe less there is in its power
The kingdom of God cometh not with pomp,
and show, and outward ostentation It is like
leaven, which a woman took and hid in three
measures of meal, nil the whole was leaven
ed.
An Incident of the Revolution.—[From
the work of Mrs. Ellet on the “ Women of the
Kevolution ’]
Rochet Ctildirell-— Sometime in the Fall of
17H). a stranger Hopped at the house of Dr
Caldwell, Cunt and worn with fatigue, to ask
supper amt lodging for the night He an
nounced himseh an express bearing despatches
from Washington i<* General Greene. then on
ike Pedee river He had imagined that he
would be free from danger under the roof of
a mini-terof the Go-pel—but Mrs. Caldwell
soon undeceived him «»«• this point She wa
rthme. her hu-band was an object of peru’iar
hatred >o ihe lories and -he could not tell the
day or h<»ur when an a't «ck might be expected.
Sh« nld 'hey chance io hear ol traveller,
and learn tha ? he had important papers, he
would certainly be robbed before morning
She -aid he should >ave something to eat im
mediately. hut advised him to reek some other
place of shelter for the night
'This intelligence so much alarmed the stran
ger that hi.s agnation would not permit him to
eat. But a -hon time had passed before voice
were heard withoii'. with cries of *• Surround
the house!’ and the dwelling was presently as
sailed by a body of Tories. With Admirable
calmness Mrs Caldwell hade the stranger fol
low her. and led him out at the opposite door.
A large locust tree stood close by, and the night
was «o dark that no object could be discerned
amidst it* clustering foliage She bade him
climb the tree thorny as it was, and con
ceal himself till the men should be engaged in
plundering the house. He con Idihen de-cer.d
on the other t-ide and trust to flighi f<»r his safe
ty. The hou-e was pillaged, as *he had ex
pected, but the express made his escape, to re
member with gratitude the woman whose pru
dence had saved him with the loss of her pro
perty
Une little incident is characteristic Among
such articles as the housewfe especially prize-
Mrs C a id-veil had an elegant table cloth, which
►he valued as the gift of her mother While
the Tories on one occasion were in her hou-e
collecting plunder, one of iheiu broke open
the chest or drawer which contained it, and
drew out he tablecloth. Mrs Caldwell seized
and held it fast, determined not to give up her
treasure. When she found that her rapacious
enemy would soon succeed in wresting it from
her. unless she could make use of some other
than muscular force to prevent him, she turn
ed to the other men, of the party, whose atten
tion had been attracted by the struggle, so that
they i.ad gathered around her.
Still keeping her hold on the table-cloth, she
appealed to them with all a woman’* eloquence,
asking il some of them bad not wivesordaugh
ters for whose sake they would interfere to
cause her to be treated with more civility. A
-mail man. who stood at the distance of a few
feet, presently stepped up. with tears in his
eye* and said that he had a wife—a fine woman
•he was to<>—and that he would notallow any
rudenes- to be practised to wards Mrs. Caid
well. His interference compelled the depre
dator to restore the valued article.
Bonk Manure.——The Rockville Jonrnal
speaks of a surprising improvement in a farm
of about two hundred acres, near that place, i
which has been mainly effected by the use of ’
bone. 1: was purchased at $5 per acre, and!
two years ago perfectly barren ; it is now <
in clover and timothy, and has also a good erop j
of wheat anil . ’
TELEGRAPHIC NEWS.
EXTRACTS FROM OUR EXCHANGES
Frrrm tht B’dtirftarc Anw»Cfi*~By Telegraph
Wheeling June 23.—The steamer Wyo
minx arrived here nt 10 o’clock this morning
She had 10 case* of cholera on board during
the 24 hours previous to her landing, and 7 o’
them proved fatal. Thi« *ad intelligence took
our citizens hy surprise, and when the boat
first neared the wharf the city authorities, not
being prepared lo act promptly, at first re
fused io allow the passengers and dead bodies
to be landed Aller further consideration,
however, they were permitted to be brought
ashore and the necessary relief was administer
ed.
Montreal, Jone 23. 1849 —Annexation is
still the topic of discussion ; it is advocated by
the press of this city generally and a paper in
about starting lor its support
The weath’r is intensely hot, and several
cases have occurred where men have been ■
struck fro«n the effects of the heat of ttie nun.
Calais. Me., June 22 —P. M.—The weather
nas been exceedingly warm to day ; lhe ther
mometer, in the coolest place, being up lo 96
The fires in the woods are still raging in ev
ery direction, and mere than six millions acres
of timber land have fallen a prey to the de
vouring element, in this part of Maine and the
nrovince of New Brunswick. There is no
water for driving logs. Nearly ail the preset!'
-lock is sawed. The lumber business must be
suspended for the summer, and lhe be.nt fields
of grass it is likely, will not be worth cutting.
I’he prospects wf the country were never mo/>
gloomy than at pre-ent
St Louis, June 22—8 p m.—Late accounts
have been received of a renewal of disturb
ances between the California Emigrants and
the Indians in which a number of each were
killed.
The Cholera was still making sad havoc
among the emigrants. Numerous parties were
daily returning.
From the Charleston Courier. By Telegraph.
Neic Orleans. June 25—1 41 P M— A large
meeting has been held of those persons favora
ble to the German patriots, in their present
struggle for freedom.
The steam ship Isthmus, from Chagres, via
the Havana, has arrived. She left the former
place <»n the 13th of the present month I’he
rainv season had commenced.but it was healthy
All the emigrants al Panama had taken passage
in .hesteam ship California, for San Francisco,
which vessel was expected lo leave about th»-
20ih The (J S. frigate Raritan had arrived
at Havana, and v ould leave for Vera Cruz
on the 23d to join the squadron 'l’he steam
er fathmus brought a small mail from San
Francisco.
I’he steam ship Globe had arrived from the
Brazos with 50 006 dollars in specie. The in
surreciionists had isMi*!<! proiiuuciamenros.
which w’ere common in Matamoras and the
neighboring provinces Al Vera Cruz on the.
16th the monarchists and partizans of Santa
Anna had concerted together for the over
throw of lhe government of Herrera; ami a
revolution in favor of Santa Anna was daily
expected
A Mexican vessel of war left Vera Cruz on
the 13th for Tabasco, as was reported, where
agents of Santa Anna were expected to land
for the purpose of making a demonstration in
his favor.
The Mississippi Democratic State Conven
tion had as-embled, and had nominated Gen.
Quitman lor Governor
'l’he (J S Br nch Mint at New Orleans were
engaged in Coining .he gold dollar, and were
issuing them in large quantities
A minor prevails that upwards of seventy
two emigrants from Rapides. Louisiana, en
route for California, had been attacked flnsside
of lhe R<>cky Mountains, and nil. with lhe ex
ception ofsix had heen murdered
I’he Concordia Intelligencer oavs that the
Colton crop in lue Mississippi valley must be
remarkably short.
From the Baltimore Amtrican —By Telegraph.
VVa'Hi'GTon, June 25 p in— OJiciul Ap
pointmrtd. Heurv Williams Aitoriit-y tor ihe
Stale of Georgia, vice Francis B flow—de
clined.
Philadelphia June2s Extensiveßohbtry
—'l’lm extfn-ive imporii'tg jewelry extabh-n
--menl of Messrs Watson & Hildeburrt N«» 76
Market street, was entered between 12 and 1
o'clock v eMerda), and fobbed o. ov»-r tw<» hun
dred gold and silver watches, and some one
Imndreu or mure g- 11 chain- of » arious de
scriplions beside- a number of di uhoikl rings,
breastpins, pencils and oiher valuable jewelry.
I'he propertv stolen is estimated al abuul
twenty thousand dollar.-)
The thieves made their way into the build
ing through a sky light window and thu- went
down to the store They are yet undetected,
though the police are in pursuit. Tli« robbery
was a bold and daring one.
Philadelphia, June 25. 9 P. M.—The
Board of He Illi have reported twenlv ca-*es of
Cholera and seven deaths during lhe 24 hours,
ending at noon to day.
New York. Junc2o 9p m — The Board of
Health report forty seven cases of Cho'era du
ring the 24 hours ending at noon today and
twenty five deaths from that disease.
Boston. June 25 —The Legislature of New
Hauip.-hire has agreed by a vote of 63 majority
not to aboli.-h capital punisfimeiit from the
Statutes.
Cincinnati, June 25 —There were 78 Cho
lera iiderinent.i during th** 24 hours ending at
noon on Sunday, and 26 from other diseases.
During the 24 hours, ending at noon to day,
there have been 84 interments from Cholera,
and 36 from other diseased. The epidemic is
fearfully on the iocrea-e.
We have very warm weather. Business is
dull, being much affected by the prevalence of
the epidemic.
St Louis. June 22. 1849 —William Luther
has just arrived from California via the Isth
mus of Panama. Two years ago, Mr Luther
left the Stale of Illinois a poor man. and he
now returns to the bosom of his friends, after
having accumulated a fortune.
He fully confirms all the previous accounts
of the richness of the gold mines, of which he
possesses quite a suHi' iency of the most con
vincing proofs in the way of gold dust He
likewise states that Col Fremont and his party
had reached Sutter’s Fort He represents the
soil of California as being but little short of a
sterile desert, and mostly unfit for agricultural ,
purposes.
from the Baltimore American—By Tdegraph,
New York, June 26.—We have dates here
from San Jose to the 30ih of April, from which
we learn dial over seven thousand Mexicans
have est lower California for the mines.
I he Americans who desire engaging in mi
ning on the (»ila river, have been prevented
by the disparity of their numbers and the con
slant fear of encroachment upon them by the
Mexicans.
Fifteen thousand stand of English muskets
have been sent to the mouth of the Gila river ■
from Mazatlan A rumor is prevailing which
has caused mirch excitement to the effect that
the Mexican government intend disputing and
contesting the decision and action of our Ame
rican Commissioner in relation to the bounda
ry The Mexicans proles* to claim all the rich
mines of Gila and its tributaries.
St Louis June 25 —The weather still con
tinues very warm. The river continues to
rise There is no abatement in the progress
of the cholera here, The deaths average lU3
per day.
Eight cemeteries reported on Saturday 75
cholera interments, and eighteen from other
diseases On Sunday eight cemeteries report
ed 93 cholera interments, and 1G from other
disease*.
June 27.—The interment* yesterday in 12
cemeteries *eie in all 121. of which 100 were
of cholera .and the residue of other disease*
The interment* for itie week ending the 24 h
instant, were in all 763, of which s*<9 were vic
tims of the prevailing epidemic One hundred
and sixty of lhe above cases were under tour
year* of age. Besides these many have b» en
privately buried of whom wh h iva no ac
count. The country around St. Louis is ex
ceedmgiy sickiy . and hundreds have died whoae
death* are not reported.
The <-h«dera prevails to an alarming extent
•»n lie Upper Mi—issippi—22 p-is-engers on
board lhese*mer Uncle Toby died wiih lhe
cholera between this place arid Oqile Awka.
The cholera is m iking fearin' stride* among
lhe Shawnee and Delaware tribes of Indian*
They are deserting ami burning lheir village*
Sr Louis June 25. 1849 *—New-from < hi
huahua to the 7 h u|i say-lhe neighboring In
dians are very hostile, arid that a number of
-kirmi-he* had laken place between them and
the emigrants in which several were killed on
both s des
On the 4th of May. Butcher and his party
were aHacked by a large number of Mexicans.
A fight ensued in which twenty three Meli
cans we'e killed.
Accounts received from the emigrants be
yond Fort Kearney, slate that buffaloes are
very scarce.
On the 16th of May. Capt Garrott accident
ally shot himself on the plains
Ciicismatj, June 25 The interments du
ring the twenty four tiuura ending noon so-day,
are as follows: 84 from cholera, and 36 from
other diseases.
Yesterday (he Board of Health reported 78
cholera interment. and 26 from other diseasea,
fur the 24 hours ending al noon.
CiMCiNMATi, June 25 1849—Our city still
continues to be tn a very unhealthy state, and
the number of interments reported by our ce
meteries, are frightfully incieasing; today
they reported one hundred and iwenty-four
burials for the preceding twenty four hours.
Business, of course. is little or n »thing thought
of; the transactions that are made are to supply
our immediate wants. We have had coneidet
able rains, but the atmosphere is s’.ill oppres
sive.
Borrow, June 25—The weather here has
been exceecingly hot. and nine deaths have
occurred within the pa-l three days from heat,
and drinking cold ware- whilst overheated.
We have no cholera reports io make.
Philadelphia, June 27. p m —The Board
of Health have reported 43cases and 12 deaths
from cholera, for the 24 hours ending at noon
to-day.
Bosro.v. June 26 —At Fredonia,on Sunday,a
man driving a carriage containing three ladies
attempted to cross French creek, where he got
into fifteen feet water The hordes, vehicle
and contents were carried by the current under
a boat, and before they could be extricated the
ladies had perished. The man and horses were ■
saved
From the Baltimore San—By Telegraph.
Philadelphia, June 28. — The Board of
Health have reported 40 cases and 13 de tths of
cholera for the 24 hours ending at noon to day
So far. it will be observed, that the number of
deaths in proportion to th*' number of cases,
is smaller here than in any other city in which
thedi»ea»e nan yet appeared, which speaks well
for the skill of our physicians.
S/. Luais, June 27.—The excitement produ
ced in th.■ city by the spread of cholera, is in
tense. A tremendous meeting of our citizens
was held last night, for the purpose of adopting
immediate mea-iire- to mitigate the farther pro
gress of die cholera among us
Washimgtox. Jt'NK 28—p. m—Phillip R.
Feiidull. Attorney <•>’ the Di.triet of Columbia
rice Mr. Key. retnored Mr. Fendatl waa
appointed District Attorney by Gen tlarruon,
and wan removed by Preaideut Polk, who ap.
P to be Marshall for the Di»-
trict of Columbia
We learn tnat Wm. A. Bradley E-q ha.
been appointed Po.tmaeter of Weahrngton
city* . .
New York. June 27 —The subscripttonß
f..r the capital xtock of one million of dollars
lor lhe Panama Railroad Co. were ell taken to
day— part for Philadelphia The shares are
„he hundred dollars each—ten dollar, on each
share lo be paid at the time of sub-ctibing.
From the Charleston Courier —Hy Telegraph.
New OkLHANS. June 28, 9, a ill —CutteeU
Ye-ierdav . 40110 balea were disposed of at tne
previous advance. Middling i» quoted at 6}
fniuhls.—Cotton to Liverpool jd. Coast
wise no change. .
I he weather is pleasant, and the city healthy.
From the Baltimore American —By Telegraph
Philadelphia June 29 6 P. M.—Thewea
•her continues very oppre-sive. The ther
mometer at 2P. M was 85 degrees in lhe
whade.
The cholera is yet unabated—rather on the
• ncrease. The B«»;«rd of health have reported
48 cases and 9 deaths for the 24 hours ending
at noon to day. ,
New York June 29 GP. M The packet
ship Ashburton, with Father Mathew,the great
Apostle of Temperance on board, was tele
graphed in lhe offimg late this afternoon
The news as received by telegraph has had
a favorable e* r ecl upon the Cotton maiket,
though purchasers are not willing to buy large
ly until their private letters come to hand. 1 he
sales, however, amount lo 1000 bales al full
prices prior to lhe steamer, and holders asking
at the close an advance
St. Louis, June 27.—Twelve Cemeteries
report 121 interments for lhe last 24 hours, of
which 100 were from Cholera For the week
ruling the 24th. there ivere 763 deaths, of
which 559 were Cholera, under four years ol
age, 160
It is supposed that a great many have been
buried in private grounds in and around the
city.
The country in the vicinity of the city is
very unhealthy; hundreds have died.
Montreal —The steamer Passport collaps
ed ner boilers this morning, and nine emigrants
w ere killed. F.fieen other persons were scald*
ed, some dangerously Five cases of c! ,
have been reported in town to-day, oT
wh«»m died.
American St ar a ladt.
Far o’er lhe azure billows,
Far <» er lhe a wife bright seas.
Our Union stars are shining,
Aloft in every breeze;
Brave hearts beneath them beating,
Wher’erin every zone,
The wares of ocean cheering,
Their clustered rays are thrown.
And in the sunlight glancing
Witte over spray and foam,
They telegraph our country—
America and home;
i And smile in quiet beauty
Upon the wav. • below •
Oi give a •* sparkling welcome”
, To every gallant foe.
They shine on hill and valley,
Frame amt mountain-chain,
And gleam o’er lake and river,
As o’er ihr di-iant main.
I'hey shine oe’r storied palaces,
. Where Wa*hingL«n has trod.
And o’er hi* silent slumbers,
Beneath the hdl-oved end.
Beneath lheir kindly aspect,
‘ H«>;»e in 'tie bosom *pnng3,
* And genius lake'll courage
Io spread his starrv wings,
And freely ever, virtue.
In healthful beauty grows,
’ And til unharmed religion
« Transplants her denihless rose.
Genista our skies translated,
From En.daml’s ol<lrn crown,
They n» iheir ancient glory
Add fresh and fiesh renown,
[j Star alter *ta» Mill circles
I Around ihe bright “thiiteen,”
Their disk* ami - tar-points beaming
In one pme ligni b ei'rne.
e
. And brightening and ascendant,
Mny their fiii wreath r< main
’ Wi h not one Fl aid missing,
lais from i's sister tram —
1 Tin ir azure field inlaying,
Sml glisten wuleund lur,
' And pit ree through cloud and shadow,
it Triumphant every star —
O’er names ol glorious lustre,
■V As in iho Past still shine,
A generous influence shedding,
e Enduring as benign
Close-linked, their golden •* patines”
} Brith’ warders o’er u* stand,
' An undiinmed asterism,
Safe in God’s right hand !
»f Boston Transcript.
I-
J Curious Reminiscence. — Ritchie once Op
posed to Slavery.— Looking, a day or two since,
v over an old file of the Richmond Enquirer,
for the year 1820, published by the present
editor of the Union, we found (says lhe Rich
. mond Times) in a number which was mostly
t full of the debates in Congre k s on the Missou
ri question, then in its crisis, a curious avow al
of the editor’s opinions on the subject of slave
: ry. An able corespondent, using ihe signa
ture of” An Inquisitive Slaveholder," proved,
t by many quotations from the Bible, that slave
ry was di-tinctiy recognized and sanctioned
under the old Jewish polity. The Enquirer
published the essay with a prefatory editorial,
which we copy below It is ni least amusing
to observe, that while the Enquirer, of the pre
sent day, holds every Whig press to be hetero
dox which hesitates to give assent to Mr.
Elwood Fisher's pleasant argument, that ihe
slave Slates are r. aer than lhe free States,
such sentiments as the following were openly
declared by the former editor in the very midst
of the great excitement that pervaded the coun
try on the Mi-souri question. In the same
paper which contained this editorial, the first
news was given of ihe prospect of compromise
at Washingion, (the same which was carried
into effect.) and the editor bitterly condemned
the scheme as a violation of lhe sovereign
Fghts of the Slates:
from the Richmond Enquirer of February 26,
1820.
“The same principle which this day induces
us to publish an address on the Missouri ques
tion, leads us to give place to the following.
Let the press be free. VVe confess it to be a
very ingenious, elegant and forcible produc
tion.
It may, too. have the good effect desired by
the author, of softening down those fiery en
thusiasts of the East, who ciie the Bible, with
out reservation, as an authority on ail occasions
for charging the Southern people with inhu
manity—and who seem to have forgotten that
the evilo slavery has been too common; not
confined to ourselves alone, hut even found a
inong the ancient Hebrews.—by what mysteri
ous dispensations it was so permitted, it is not
for usto presume to conjecture. We protest,
however, and of that of so many others, that
we do not vindicate servitude; we wish no
slave had touched our soil; we wish it could
be terminated. As republicans, we frankly
declare, before our God and our country, that
we abhor its insiitiiHon; but what then 1 Is
this the question now ? Is it not a curse, not
chosen by our forefaihers. but upon them, and
! entailed upon ourselves? And does not every
man. unle-s fie be a fanatic, conceive how diffi
i cull it is for ns to he rid of it. in a mannercon-
Isisient with <»ur future peace and tranquillity.
A* to the extension of slavery beyond the Mis
sissippi. it i* miserable cant; it would tend to
soften ihe evil and t«» accelerate abolition.”
Verily this is as bad as Gen Cass’ farnoiig
prayer for“ Abolition everywhere ” which had
so much promnence in the canvass of 1848.
Pacific Railroad Meeting—The Saint
Louis papers report the proceedings of ihe
Pacific Railroad Meeting. Afteran interchange
of v ews. provision was made by a unanimous
vote, lor the holding in St Louis, on the ihiru
Monday in October next, of a great Motional
Convention, ' for the purpose of taking imo
consideration the expediency anj pracncab.,i
ty of establishing a line of electric telegraph,
and of constructing a railway from St. Louis
to the Bay of of San Francisco.”
The Chairman of ihe meeting ( Mnvor of
St. Lo*'is) was aiiifiorized to appoint a commit
tee of twenty five, wtiose duly it shall be to
prepare an address to the people of ihe United
Stales, urging (hem to take into lheir serious
con-iderniion :ne*e interesting *u<>jeciß —io
open and coridncta corre«pondeiiCe with every
portion of ihe Union, in such manner as to fur.
: her the object* of the meeting—to collect, pre
pare and publish all the facts calculated to re
commend these subjects to public considera
tion, and to suggest when and how they ought
tube accomplish'd—and. finally, to prep vie
and classify, and have printed for the use of
the members oflbe October Convention, every
fact within their power, calculated to shed
light upon these subjects together with a map
and profile sections, in de up from the best au
thorities. — Mobile Advertiser.
Mr Benton has been nominated for Presi
dent by a Convention in Lee county, lowa,
A Marylander s Operations in Califor
nia —A letter from J. D Hope, formerly of
Carroll county, who abandoned the duties of
an editor at San Francisco and went trading to
the mines gives the following as lhe result:
My last stock of goods which I took to the
mines, the invoice of which was about $5 000,
1 sold at lhe mines the first day in a lump, at an
advance of S4OUO, clear of transportation, dkc.
After selling my goods. 1 dug g“ld until 1 got
tired, and then returned home, with upwards of
sll 000 in the precious metal*, S6OOO of which
were my profits from October 9, to Nov. 15.
CIGARS, TOBACCO, SNUFF AND
PIPES.
GUSTAVUS VOLGRR, Importer and Deal
er in Havana and Domertic Cigars, would
respectfully Inform his friends and the public in gen
eral, ’hat be baa received and will always keep en
hand, a large and well selected stock of HAVANA
CIGARS.
Also, a large stock of his own manufacture, which
he will eel! lower than they can be bougbt in any
other marker
TOBACCO of the finest brands and most celebra
ted Virginia manufactories put up in pound, half
pound and five and eight pound lumps Lord lard’s
SNUFF. CIGAR CASES, MATCHES; German
French, Chalk and Clay PIPE’?, &c. &c. The
nbo/e articles are fu sale at the Cigar and Tobac
co Warehouse, one door below Jno. P. Setze’a cor
ner, Augusta, Ga. a;.6-6ai
QAAA LBS - AMERICAN
OVW BLISTERED STEEL,
2,u00 Lua. Cast a<id German STEEL,
2,000 Lbs. Plough MOULDS, for sale low by
;e29 HAND, WILLIAMS CO