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SY WILLIAM S. JONES.
Struts.
, TKB WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
Is Published every Wednesday,
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ISE CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
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Ar« also published at thie office, and mailed to sub
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In Wbbklt. —Seventy-five cents persquare (12
lines ar less) far the first insertion, and Fifty cent
•r eeeh subsequent insertion.
ga ——BWM, . . ■■ »JS~!3ig!i_ni._iii
COUNTING HOUSE CALENDAR FOR
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15 13,17 IS 1* 20:21 ’ll IS 13 17 IS'l3 20
fa »9f 3h.»jtfi3 2! 99 13 21 as:i» 27
<»|3ol I I ( -2S 29130 31 1
January and February, 1852.
It 2 3 FEBP.’Y-l 1 2. 3! 1, 5. Si <
' 4! S S r! 9, 9;toj ‘ t 9 10 U. 19113,1 1
,11.12'13'H IS I6!17 liMlStivlis IB: Si
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|
COVTWGTOW FEMALE SEMINARY
TIIC PRKCEPTORI Al- care of the above
named Isstitutien, has beeu conferred upon
the subscriber, by the Trustees, for the year 1951.
A large amount of roonev has been appropriated
by the citisens of Cavinxton, aud vieinity, for the
ertciicm of a Female CaUegein this place. A com
modious and splendid edifice will be built, and all
the apartments tastily and conveniently fined ouL
It is eonfidemly expected that the exercises of the
Ceilegiate Jourse will commence in January, 1852,
under an able and efficient faculty.
The sxerciees of me Seminary will ccmmenee on
the Th*rteenth of JANUARY, 1851. Competent
AMrietaata will be procured in the various depart
ments.
The spesial object of this School is to instruct
young Ijadiee in the rudiments, as well as in the
more advanced stagaa of a good education. Follow
ing the asost approved systems of instruction, with
nine years’ experience in teaching, the subscriber
flatters h’mself he can offer to his pupils advantages
not surpassed in any School in the State.
Particular attention will be paid to Reading,
spelling, ArUhmdiCj Geography, Grammar,
Bisiory. Competition, Penmanship, &c.,as these
constitute the foundation of a thorough and practical
education. o
The course of Instruction pursued at this Semina
ryjs liberal—embracing every particular necessary
to improve the mind, form the manners, enlighten
the understanding and prepare the pupil to move
with ease, respectability and usefulness in any circle
es society or ephere of action.
Much of the happiness of every family depends on
a proper cultivation of the female mind. To accom
plish this object, and in every respect to meet the
wishes of parents and guardians, in relation to their
youthful charge, no pat ns or expense will be spared.
Ibe Principal will devote himself exclusively to
the instruction and discipline of the School. He
will consider hdnselt invested with a discretionary
parental authority; constantly treating the Students
with mildness and moderation, governing them by
applying the more honorable and generous excite
■asLts to good conduct; but in cases which manifest
ds/'.Mrats wiaksdness and obstinacy of character,
when all advisory measures shaii have proved inef
"•“■W&ual, he will (bea proceed to inflict such punish
ment as may bo deemed necessary to reclaim the
pupil and sustain the character o( the School.
Parents and Guar lisas may be well assured that
their children and wards will be accommodated with
board en Jhe mast reasonable terms, and every at
tention paid to their comfort and convenience.
Tbo price of Tuition is reasonable, and in accord
ance with the tins**. *tW f ba.
from the li«s •f onteriog the School until the close
•f me term. .All dues mart be paid at
ea<-! Ur.o
Mueic, Wax-work, Drawing and Painting, will be
taught by skillful teachers, at reasonable prices.
To persons at a distance it may be well lossy—the
locality is healthy and desirable ; the society plea-
■not and cultivated.
Far fur her information address the Principal.
<l3l w3m JAMES L. RANDL4, A. B.
Kenesaw Female Seminary.
ABOARDIMO AMD DAY SCHOOL,
for Toun,; Indies - Marietta, Georgia. Rev.
Tbomas F. Scott, Rector.
The Twelfth Session will omniiraßee on MONDAY
FEBRUARY 3,1811.
Circulars sent on application to the Rectoe.
dU wjhn
fijotelg.
LOOK HERE.
WAYNESBORO HOTEL.
Waynnbora,- Oeor*la«
«THE subscriber begs leave to inform hie
friends, and the public generally, that he has
again become Proprietor of the above Establishment,
and that he is about to make each alterations and ad
ditioaeas he is confident will enable him to enter
tain all of his old friends, and such new < nes as may
favor him with a call, in the most comfortable and
satisfactory manner. It ie his intention to spare
neither expense ner pains to render hia House de
servedly popular; be therefore hopes fora liberal
share of public patronage.
j«io-4t Madison McCarty.
FRANKLIN HOTEL.
STREET, Augusta Ga.,
eno square above the Globe Hotel, on the
side of Broad street.
ttKLwly D. B. RAMSEY, Proprietor.
EAGLE HOTEL.
MADISONVILLE, TENNESSEE.
THE SUBSCRIBER takes pleasure
in returning hia thanks to his friends and
she publie, for the very liberal patronaxe here
• More extended to bun. And having recently im
proved and extenaed hia buildings so aa to afford the
beat accesameeations to almost any number of trav
el I ere and pecaans wishing boarding, he confidently
•specie an tnaroaee of public favor and patronage.
Building situated on second block routb of the
Pabtie Sqasre -ene hundred and fifty feel long—
vawma regularly laid off and well furnished. He is
aftoo well prepared to take the best care of borer*, Ac.
Stable large sad secure—careful and attentive ser
vants. lu short, the greatest attention will bn paid,
and poiae taken, to render all comfortable who may
call at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD.
August 3, I*so. au3-wtf
To Contractors and Builders.
SK ALK* PROPOSALS will be received until
lb-20ih of February lssl, for the erection of a
Brick EDIFICE for the Southam Female College.
Th. plan of th. building, and specification., can be
Men at th. Secrutary's Office, on and after the 30th
ol January. By order of th. Board.
J. 11. MURRELL.
Secretary of the Board ol Trustees.
<»vingtoa. Dec. 27, 1650. d?l-wiFe20
REUBEN RICH’S PATENT CENTRE
- VENT WATER WUKEL.
CAUTION.-- Having been informed that a cer
tain person named REED, ia vending a Water
Wheel upon which the water ie conducted by mean,
of a epiml scroll, aa upon “Reuben Rich’s Patent
Centro Vent,” we hereby notify and caution the
public, that wo will proaecute, in all iusuncee, for
say evasion or infringement upon eaid patant, both
•» maker aad party using, and will be thankful for
any information referring ua to pairiea thus trewase
taf. GINDRAT & OS.
AM, Ama 11,
NOTICE.
LOST O* «l»PL*tkD, Twenty. Eight
Handrad IMlara, ail in one hundred Dollar
Nates. mad. payable to JOHN W. GREEN, <>r
bearer, fated e»tu. wino ia September, ISSO. Signed
by A. S. OSSSb, (hi. mark ) All pcraeav are
haveby teeewaiaad ■ trading far Mid Nate., and the
Maker, A. S. Craaa, ia forewarned not to pay Mid
N-aa ta ether patnaa axaept mveelf.
JOHN W. MREEN.
Sal. Hases all m diMand the first day of January
mart. afa-wn ). W- «.
~ LIVBKT STABLES;
MADISON, GEORGIA.
aSTMip BARRALL db HARRIi
ri -- b»g leave to announce to as
their friend, in Madiaon and
JT — XT- the travelling Public gen.-
rally, the* they have opened the above STAHI.Rs,
aad that they iatead to keep aa fine CARRIAGES,
BUGGIES’ aad HORSES, aacue be found ia any
StablM whb aaretul driver*. Viutena as Madiaoe
and strangers visiting Madiven, by coming to us will
always find ready aaramtmeiauan, to go any where
they wuh on rMaouabl* term*.
ifadwwo. ian. » im •
SPRINGHILL MACHINE SHOP.'
A ’’•R BVILDHU AND REPAIRING
dff faallktede of COTTON AND WOOL MA-
Y—making Urge SCREWS ANS
GEARING,of all kinds—TURNING IRON,
WOOD. *e.,
AISO, WOOL CARDED AND BaTTKD,
eig a iaafrem Augusta,oe ibe Louiavitlereed,where
the roprifaora wiil b« grateful for all orders—or they
Ml eleftatC. A.* M. H. WILLIAMS’S, Angoe
u— r directed to Richmond Factory P. ».
liCtdkWAL
IlACKAkkL—2oo,*;X>>« MACKEREL
XtX of serious stSM, ter Mie Sv
j»!8 HAND, WILLIAMS fa CO.
VAT, tn sou M rail pwefraear*,
for sale by
f*tf hand, williams * co.
®l*~—iSjfaliaM totMiTby
* Jall-dAw PHILIP A. MOIRS, tag|>a.
U k lib H H kl H i i J H HX bl ®ul r 1 fw
MISCELLANY.
■ SELECTED TOETEY.
r
THE HOPE OF THE HEART.
bv Loan sracs.
1 “No nobler theme ever engaged the pen of poet.
! It is the soul-elevating idea, ihat no man can consid
er himsell entitled to complain of Fate, while, in
his adreisity. he still retains tho unwavering love of
woman.”— C. A. Poe.
Though the day of my destiny’s over,
And the star of my fate bath declined,
Thy soft hsvrt refused to discover
i The faults which so many could find ;
Though thy soul with my grief was acquainted,
It shrunk not to share it with me,
And the love which my spirit bath painted
It never had found but in thee.
Then, when nature around me is smiling,
The last smile which answers to mine,
I do not believe it beguiling,
Because it reminds me of thine ;
And when winds are at war withtbe coean,
As the breasts I believed in with me,
If ths billows excite an emotion,
It is that they bear me from thee.
Though tho roclc of my last hope ia shivered,
And its fragments are sunk in the wavs,
Though I feel that my soul is delivered
To pain—it shall not be its slave ;
Th«rc is many a pang to pursue tne ;
They may crush, but they shall not contemn —
They may torture but shell not subvine roe —
’T.-e of thee that I think not .f them.
V
s Though human, thou didst not deceive me,
2 Though woman, thou didst net forsake,
9 Though loved, thou forborast to grieve me,
Though alandered, thou never couldst shake,
Though trusted, thou didst net declaim me,
Though parted, it was nut to fly.
Though watchful, ’twas uot to defame me,
Nor mute, that the world might belie.
Yet I
| Nor the wut'oyha many with one—
‘ If my eocl was not fitted to prize it,
► ’Twas folly not sooner te shun;
( And if dearly that error hath cost me,
And more than I once could foresee,
I have fori nd that whatever it lost bae,
It could not deprive me of thee.
j From the wreck of the past, which hath perished,
i Thus much I nt least may recall,
’ It hath taught me that which I most cherished
Deserved te be dearest of all :
In the deaerfea fountain is springing,
In the wide waste there still is a tree,
1 And a bird in the solitude singing.
Which speaks to my spirit of thee.
t
From the Loeisville Journal.
PRESS ON.— IT J. B. BABBIOK.
Tho’ the present be dark and bo promise bestow,
The future for thee bath its treasures in stere:
The’ the morning be bid in shadow a»d gloom,,
The aun may the noon and the evening illume:
Tho’ the stars be unseen with the dawn of the night,
Ere it wanes they may shine as an emblem of light.
The fountains and streams are the source of the sea,
The ocean is filled with the drops of the lea :
The mountains that rear their broad summits on
high,
And the hills that fade in the blue of the sky,
Were once as the valley—as smooth as the plain,
From whence they their height in the distance at
tain.
Then thou who wouldet shrink in the battle of life,
Whose heart is unmanned at its terror and strife,
Take courage—take strength—let virtue and truth
Be a shield te thy heart in the days es thy youth ;
Tbo’ others should yield to the phantom of fear,
Lat hope on the folds of thy banner appear.
Young man, while existence is lovely and fair,
While the spring-time of life is a blessing to share :
While the roses of health are manti tag they cheek,
And thy heart from its fullness of joy doth speak,
Press on in thy duty—the day shall bo thine,
When thy fame liken star in the zenith shall ebine.
Then on ; press on—’tis thy minsion to fill.;
Tbcre’avirture in effort, there’s triumph in will»
Let the lignt of thy life for others outshine,
That their’s may be Jit in the brightness ot thine :
Let thy star as a beacon shine o’er life’s sea,
That it an example to others may be.
Glasjoio, Ky. } Dec., 1850.
HIiCBLIINBOUS U
TEIiITIRE AM> SEWS.
’llls Palace of Glnia,
Mr. Paxtoo, the designer of the Palace of
Glaaa, naw in conrao of erection for the Great
Leaden Exhibition for Idol, recently read a
paper before tho British Society of Arts, in
which he gave the following n-i.-ri
ing account:
One great feature in the present building
is t>av a.i a •estiga el eittier stone, brick or
mortar is necessary to be used, but the whole
>a coinposed of dry material, ready at once
for the introduction of article, for the exhi
bition. Bv ito inker combin.a—F-w—
--aider the limited period allowed for the erec
tion of so stupendous a structure, the attain
ment of this all important point has secured
what may almost be deemed the most impor
I . . u G’L_ _i
tent consideration. The absence of mortar,
plaster, or any moist material in the construe
lion, together with the provision made for the
vapor, which will necessarily arise, and aro
condensed against the glass, enaoles the exhibi
tor at once to place his manufactures in their
respective situations, without the probability
es articles, even of polished ware, being tar
nished by their exposure. It may be impor
tant here to sta'e that it is unnecessary to cut
down any of 'he large timber trees, provision
being mads, by means of a curvilinear roof
over the transept ofthe building,for them to stand
b.uaath the glass, and by a proper diffusion of
air, they will not suffer by the enclosure.
(Mr. Paxton here proceeded to describe the
drawings of the plans of the buildings, as ex
hibited upon the walls of the room, showing
the original idea es the building, and the im
proved design as it now stands.) The height
of the centre aisle is 64 feet, the side aisle 44
fact, and outside aisles, or first story, 24 feet.
Tbe transept is 108 feet in height, and has
been covered with a semi-circular roof, like
that es the great conservatory at Chatsworth,
in order to preserve the large elm trees oppo
site to Prince's gala. The whole number of
caat-iron columns is 3.300. varying from 14
feet 6 inches to 20 feet io length. There are
2,224 cast anti wrought iron girders, with 1 128
intermediate bearers, for supporting the floors
of the galleries over the large openings of the
aisles. The girders are of wrought iron, and
those for the galleries are of cast iron. The
fronts of the gnlleriee are also supported by
cast iron girders.
The dimensions of the building aro 1,851
feet in length, mid 456 feet in bread'h ia the
widest part. It covers, altogether, more than
18 acres, and tbe whole is supported oncast
iron pillars, waited by bolts and nuis fixed to
flanges turned perfectly true, and resting eu
concrete foundations. Tho total cubic coo
teuu es the building are 33,000.000 feet. The
six longitudinal galleries, 24 feet in width,
running the whole length of the building, and
the four transverse ones, of the same dimen
sions, afford 25 per cent. additional exhibiting
surface ta that provided on the ground flour
This extra apace is suited for the display of
light manufactured goods, and will also give a
complete view of the whole of the articles ex
hibited, together with an extensive view of the
interior ol the building, lu order to give the
roof a light and graceful appearance, it it
built ou the ridge and furrow principle, and
glazed with British sheet glass, as previously
described. Tbe rafters art eontinasd in un
interrupted lines the whole length of the
building- The transept portion, although
covered by a semi circular reof. is also on the
angular principle. All the reof and upright
sasties being made by machinery, are put to
gether aud glazed with great rapidity for, being
fitted and finished before they are brought to
the place, little mere ia required en the spat
than to place the fini.hed tra’arials m the
positions intended for them. The length of
sash-bar requisite ia 205 miles. The quantity
of glees required ia about 900,000, weighing
upwards ot 400 tons. All round tho lower
tier of the building, however, will be boarded
with fillets planted on the perpendicular lino
with the sash-bare above.
I have iriod many experiments in order to
find oat the most suitable floors for the path
ways of liorticnltural structures. B;<>ue ie
objectionable on many accounts, but chiefly on
account of the moisture and damp which it
retains, which renders it uncomfortable, ee
pecially to those wearing thin shoes. The
difficulty of getting rid of the waste from the
watering of plants is also an objection; but
perhaps tbe greatest is the amount es dost
from sweeping, which always proves detrimen
tal to plants. 1 likewise loumi that close
boarding tor pathways was open to many of
the same objections as atone ; for althoogh
damp or Moisture was in part got rid es, yet
still there were no meaos es immediately get
ting rid <sf tho dost. These various objections
led me to the adoption of trelltsed wooden
patchweys, with spaces between each board,
through which on sweeping, tbe dust at once
disappears, and falls into the vacnity be'ow.
Whiter the accomplishment of this point was
meet important in plant houses. I consider it
doubdy so with respect to the Industrial build
ing. where there will ba such an accumulation
I of various articles of delicate texture and
> workmanship. Before -weeping the floors of
the great building, the whole wilt bo sprinkled
with water from a moveable liaud-engiue.
which will be imruedia'ely followed by a
. sweeping machine consisting of many brooms.
I fixed to an apparatus on light wheels, aud
drawn by a abaft. By this means a large per
j lion of groued will be pas-ed over in a very
i she it space of time.
' The boards for ;be doer will be nine inches
e broad, an inch and a half thick, laid hall art
r inehapart, on deeper joists, nine inches deep
- and three inches thick, placed four foot apart.
This meinod es rteonng then poasessM the
following advantagi is—it is very economical
, dry. elean, pleasant to walk open, admits oi
rhe ilevt lall.ag tbrwngh ilw spams : and eves
when it requires r» be thoroughly washed,
the water at ones disappears betwixt th* open
mgs, and tho boards b- eotze almost immedi
etoly fit for visitors. The gslleries will b<
r laid with elese beanbag. Tbe ventilation •
tbe building has beest stoat carefully aenoider
, ed A building where so Many individaali
will congregate must require a constant ad
mission of pure air ; and a most copions sap
9 ply is provided. Four foot round the wbolt
of the basement part of the building ia made
of louvre boarding, and nt the top of each
tiers similar provision of three fret is made,
. with power to add an additional quantity tl
required ; in tho centre aiale also the air will
be plentifully admi’trd. By simple machinery
the whole of the ventilation can be regulated
with the greatest ease. The advantages ol
• this kind of ventilation are several. Louvre
• boards are very simple in constrection; they
]. can be opened and closed instantaneously with
tho greatest readiness: they nicely distribute
the air, and yet admit a large volume of it;
and from the manner in which they are placed
over each other, they effectually prevent the
entrance of wet iu rainy weather.
In order to subdue the intense light ia so
' large a building covered with glass, all the
south side es the upright pane, and the w • ele
of the angled roof, will be covered outside
with canvass or calico, so fixed as to al.ow a
current of air to pass between the canvassand
the roof. It very much assists in cooling the
temperature within. Provision will be made
to use the Indian plan of ventilation, if the heat
is so in'euse as to render it desirable to have
letn-eraiure cooler thau out of doors. A
house was fitted up last summer at Chats
worth, as an sxperiinsntal place to try this
mode efvsntilating, when it was found to an
swer the purpose admirably. The tempera
Hire was reduced iu one hour from 85 to 78
degrees, without any other means being used to
increase the draught through the buildiag.
This sort ol covering offers tho following ad
vantages—the brightness of the light will be
tempered and subdued, tho glass will bo pro
tecied;from the possibility of injury by huilp
-Ute screen being placed on the outside will
i, render the biiilding much cooler than if it were
placed ii-eide, and through this provision the
veotilatioa c«u be regola.e.. el pieaaore.
From the aide galleries, rc.nniwg —i t.'LoJo
tii>ge rH be grand
- view' of;;-'‘wir*- -- ■.—•■vrvwwre below, whitet
the transverse galleries in the middle and at the
ends will afford ample means for general super
vision, and will serve to communicate between
the side galleries. Magnifying glasses, work,
ing on swivels, placed at short distances, will
give additional facility for commanding a more
perfect general view of the Exhibition. After
I, the Exhibition is over, I would convert the
building into a permanent winter garden, and
would then make carriage drives and eques
trian promenades through it. Pedestrians
would have about two un'es es galleries and
two miles of walks upon the ground floor, and
sufficient room would then be left for plants.
The whole intermediate spaces between the
walks and drives would be planted with
shrubs aud climbers frem temperate climates.
In summerthe upright glass might be removed
so as to give the appearance of a continaons
park and garden. A structure whore the in
dustry of all nations is intended to be exhibit
ed should, as it is presumed, present to parties
, from all nations a building far the exhibition es
• their arts and manufactures ; that while it af
fords ample accommodation and convenience
> for the purpose intended, weald of itself be
, the most singular aod peculiar feature of the
exhibition ; hew lar this has been accomplish.
ed I must leave to tho community to decide.
Vaccination.
A gentleman of Liberty Bounty has forward
ed ua the foliewing, from tbo pen of Dr. Smith,
of Baltimore, who is, wenndentand, the agent
of the United States for the distribution es vac
cine inaiter. We pnblish it for the informa
tion of all concerned:
SMALL-POX AND VACCINATION.
Rulee and Htnte to Physician, and the People.
1. Vaccine matter should always be selected, end
eons taken except from perfectly healthy subjects.
2. The longer the pustule centinuee after vacsioa
tion the more perfect the protection will be and the
better will be the matter to vaccinate others with.
3. Asa general rule. I would take no matter from
any subject to vaccinate others with that had not
passed at least sis een daye from the litne of vaccina,
tioo; I should never take matter from any patient
that bad brokea the pustule by scratching or any
other means; nor if local inS .mmation had been
i caused ty taking cold or otherwise.
4. The patient should be examined on the fourth
day after vaccina'ion. If there be anydoabtas to
its haring taken effect, he should be vaccinated in
the other arm. Tne patient should be exemined also
on the eighth or einth day. If there be no fever, or
other constitutional ayinploma, such aesorene«s of rhe
axillary glands, &e., he should be vaccinated in the
<i'her arm He should be seen again oh the sixteenth
■ day. If the pustule shall hare become dry, and
crust perfect it should then betaken off, if it can
be'; if not, another examination on the 17th or 18tk
day will bo necessary.
6. If the pustule dries np, forming a scab before
the 15th day, I should consider it imperfect, end vac
cinate the patient again. Because in many cases the
vaccine disease is a mere local affection ; and whea
it iseo, it can, of course, afford no pr.-lection against
small -[ox. This local character is readily seen in
lha absence of fever on the eighth or ninth day, ab
sence of soreness io the axillary glands, and tn the
short duration of the pustule.
,®.' jMiwacfaptfeo ie alt cases in
such cases I never depend upon the appeal atnro Ut tits l -
- ' soul-, nui -rhe mrautrv nf the patient us to the soreness
ol the arm, ftb,', nor upon any other testimony ttian
that of Hie physician who vaccinated the patient the
first lime, Ifthisbenot saUefaclary, according to
the above rules, 1 re-vaccinate.
I have never seen a person that I knew had been
perfectly vaccinated, take either vaccination a ee
cond tiuie, er varioloid or small pox
The ecar is not to bi depended upon. It can only
inform uo that vaccination hud been attempted.
The pustuie may have been scratched, or opeued in
some other way; a common sore may have left the
acar. Non-medical people are net good judges aa to
the perfection of vaccination. 1 have, in numerous
instance?, produced the perfect vaccine disease in
peiaons that showed good ecars, and who said they
had been well vaccinated, that their arias were very
sore, &c.
i was vaccinated in the fall of 1818; I have re
peatedly, even an hundred times, vaccinated myself
since. Last fail, (1845,) particularly, 1 vaccinated my
self 10 times; ba*.it did not, in any oue instance, take
effect. When the small-pox waj so prevalent in the
years 1822, 1523, and 1824, I was constantly
amongst it, often having an hundred or more patients
at a time among the ;>oor. 1 never had the slightest
symptom of the disease.
I believe the present prevalence of emall-pox to
be owing to inattention (o patients after the insertion
ofthe virus. The common price for vaccination (31)
is a mere nominal affair; it does not pay a physician
lor even three, to say nothing of four visits. Hence
it is often tbe case tnat the physician insert* the mat
ter in the arm, and never sees the patient afterwards.
Tho mere fact of the operation satisfies the patient
and bis friends. It may not hava taken effect at ail ;
it may have taken, but some accident has destroyed
its effect upon the constitution. And hence this
great preventive of one of the most terrible scour
?ee of tbe world, is brought into disrepute.—
do not believe that the preventive effects of per
fect vaccination ever “wear out.” My own expe
rience is upwards of twenty-seven years. From
1819 to 1822, inclusive, 1 vaccinated upwards of
33,000 persons. 1 have seen great numbers of
them since, time and again, but have never found
one that bad taxon varioloid or small-pox. But I
have always been particular in the selection of mat
terto vaccinate with. 1 prefer that which has been
on thoarm full fifteen, and from that up to seven
teen, eighteen, or even twenty days ; and that from
full grown persons, when posoible ; robust and
healthy patients always—rejecting that from all
uttoers. I never take matter from doubtful sources.
I feel very certain that, if these hints could bo
taken and acted upon by all our physicians and the
people, the stnall-pox w uld be completely extirpi
ted in a month. 1 offer them with much diffidence,
and certainly with due deference to the faculty.
Gideon B. Smith, M. D.
Th© Lawrence County execution*
We mentioned, a few days since* that a man
named Hicks had been hung in Lawrence coun
ty, for the murder of one Allen, and that he
died protesting his entire innocence to th last.
The evidence on which he was convicted, was
entirely circumstantial, and went to prove that
Allen was shot iu the back of the head* tbe ball
passing out under the eye. Hicks was there
fore hung for shooting Allen. His last state
ment to the two clergymen attending him tho
night before the execution was, that he, his
wife and Allen, were travelling together with
a team and camping out by night; that while
he was away from the tamp on tbe morning
of Alien’s death, he heard his wife scream, and
« on running back found Allen apparently life
less. He had been drinking, and went up to
Mrs. Hicks wilh the evident design of hugging
and insulting her. She told him several times
to go away, and when he persisted, she struck
him upon the head with thi waggon hammer,
which she had in her baud pounding coffee,
and from this blow alone, wi hout any further
violence, his death was occasioned-
Notwitb»tanding his protestations of entire
1 innocence, Hicks, as we have said, was hung
1 for shooting Allen in the head wilh a ride, and
1 that too upon circutnsianiial testimony entire ly
valueless, unless that mode of death had been
considered as proved- Aud now comes the
’ strange after development! Tbe denials of
1 Hicks had made such an impression, that it
was thought necessary to examine the murder
ed body, in order to do away with auy idea of
1 Hicks’ innocence, by showing that Allen was
{ indeed killed by a ride ball I Accordingly,
1 Ibrse days after the execution, a committee of
1 respects ale citiaans disinterred Allen’s remains.
’ The remit ot their investigations prove beyond
’ a reasonable doubt, that Allen was never shot*
1 His skull, upon examination, appeared to have
» been forced in by a blow npan the back of the
’ head, immediately where it joined the neck.
• Pieces of the bone were hanging to tbe orifice
* in the skull, which were driven m from the
1 effects of the blow. The bone running below
the loft eye was slight’y fractured, but the sock
-1 eta of the eyes, and the bones in the face bore
no marks ot a bullet having touched them.
In alt probability the story Hicks told was
’ true, and he is another vicuin to circumstantial
testimony We pity the jury that tried him.—
11 NaUhex Courier.
i,
j Tklegraph— Important Discovery —Mr.
r- A. Bager, of the O'Reilly Telegraph Office in
y this city, has recently made an important dis
ccvery, by wh ch a heavy i;em of expense
fs will be removed by the companies that may
n adopt bis system. Heretofore* some four or
p fiv#» large batteries have been used in the
t. O Redly office in this city, for working the
e several lines. Mr Stager's discovery has en-
I. ablad him to dispense wi.h all but one, and that
>f one with the new arrangement, is capable
■ of werkiag five or six different linee. and yel
i. tbe strength is no* exhausted any mere than >1
i- weald be in a single line, under tbe old system,
i- We consider this a* a mast important diacov
ie ary for telegraph companies, and one foi
»f which Mr- Stager should be liberally rewar
r-1 dod by every company in the country, bui
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDW MORNING, JANUARY 15, 1851.
Is i more paricalsrly by the »ue with which he is
J csanucted.— Cincinnati Commercial.
3- —— ■ ■ . .ww..—
!e Ag®ent ®f Popocatepetl.
* Our readers aro aware that the stupendous
: mon Blain known as the Popocatepetl is within
if j from the city of Mexio. The ascenc
j of it was effected in May last by Edward
v . Thornton, Ew,., attached to the British Loga
-j | tieu in Moxieo, in company with some of hie
-i friends The party passed their first night at
tho "Rancho of Hamatas” at the height of 12,-
682 English fest above the level of tho ocean.
> On tho fallowing morning they started at 7
o'clock, and in five hours and three-quarters,
_ they reached the lower lip of the crater. Here
' is a email Rar.cho for the convenience of those
collecting sulphur from the volcano.
‘ From our feet, (says Mr. Thornton.)
: straight down to tho limits of vegetation was
I one Sheet of snow, without a rock or a stone
Io break its unity ; then vast woods, then towns '
\ and villages dotted ever the cultivated lands,
3 i but all seen exceeding clear, even with the
! naked eye—a peculiarity which I have never i
observed in any country so much as in tlie high
’ ' table land of Mexico; the eye could even dis
’ ' tinguisli tho different green of the sugar plan
tations in the “Tierra Caliente,” far away.”
1 The height of the mountain appears to have
been ascertained very satinfactorily—the ba
rometrical measurements of Mr. Thornton
1 agreeing almost exactly with those of Mr.
Glennie
“My next care was to set up my barometer.
1 One of the thermometers I found broken,
how I cannot imagine, for I bad packed them
very carefully, ana bad never let them out of
my own hands; however, I considered myself
vary fortunate tha* I had brought up two of
them. The height of the little house I have
mentioned above, and which the Director en
titled the “Raaelio del Espejo,” is, according
to my barometer, English feet, or 5,- # .
231.2 metres. Ia the yes.. ls»d Ikq ir.-3ui;a;iri.
wse by air. William Glennie and his
b.e ftisr, ea the North side, and a barometrical
obsarratiau was taken by the former on the
highest peak, which is on the west side of the
crater. The height calculated by him was 17,-
898 English feet, and we conjectured that that
peak was aboutsoo feel higher than the lower
lip of the crater, and the Rancho del Espejo
about one hundred feet below the latterfso
that in fact my observation is a confirmation of
that Htken by Mr. W. Glennie. Wo did not
go tu this paint, because, on account of the
broken nature of tho mountain, it would have
cost about fonr hours’ mere hard labor to have
get to it, which we did not think worth while
fer so small an elevation. ’
Tho crater of this mountain must be one of
the most terrific objects when the volcano is
active. Imagine an oval pit nearly two-thirds
of a mile across, with almost perpendicular
walls, and an average depth of a quarter of a
mile 1 It resembles, more nearly probably
than any other crater on the surface ol the
globe, those tremendeus cavities on the sur
face of the msou, as revealed by the telescope.
“Great as was the impression which the first
view of tho erater made, upon me, it is im
powibla for me to give any adequate descrip
tien of it. The ascent to it from Rancho del
Espejo Was so rapid that we came upon it of a
sadden, the anew reaching to the very brink,
it required a tolerably good head net to baa
little bewildered st so suddenly coming upon
the edge of perpendicular depth of 1 t-00 feet
which is certainly no exaggeration of that of
tha crater, even from the lower lip ; from the
highest peak it must be 1,500 feet. The form
is rather more oval than circular, and the dis
tance across, frem east to west, about 3,000
feet; the sides are nearly perpendicular all
round ; on the northeast side, however, thereto
a stoop deoosnt to a small terrace, upon which
a whinney bas been fixed, on the very edge
es tha crater, for the purpose of letting down
and drawing up the men employed in get'tng
sulphur from below, and of raising the sul
phnr; tho ropo of this whinney is 250 mea
sorod varas, perpendicular depth, or 687 feet.
The surface of the bottom of the crater is
sprinkled with from 40 to 50 jets, from which
smoke is constantly issuing, some more, some
Issa, iu some of them large stones are boiling
one over another, like the hubbies of boiling
water, bsiog sometimes of a bright yellow
color, whieh remains for a moment and disap
pears ; the smoke omitied has a most nauseous
smell of sulphur. Ail this is accompanied with
a eoustant rumbling noise, like a heavy surf
breaking ever a reeky there. The director
astned us there was a stream in the bottom so
strong that it burnt it Olea in the clothes of the
workmen ; he said it lest itself in the bosom of
the mountain. Large masses of stone aro be
ing constantly detached from the aides of the
crater, which go thundering down to the bot
tom, to tho great risk of the workmen, one of
whom had been killed ions days before by a
stone falling upon his head. This was the dan
ger whieh priiscinally deterred us from de
scending iuto the'erater, which we could see
very w»ll from above. From conversations I
here bad with Mr. Frederick Glennie, who
went np in 1826,1 should say the volcaue haa
become much less active; for he telle me that
beeidea the constant rambling noise which I
hare tmuWtnr '
wr tne aides of the
mountain. We saw nothing of this sort.”
Vegetable Kntrlment In Rain,
Gaseous as well as vegetable and mineral
matters are brought by rain from the atmos
phere. Nitrogen and hydrogen, in the form
of ammonia and carbonic acid, (tho two last
forming tho most essential elements in the feed
of plants.) are brought down by the rain.
“The nitrogen of putrefied animals," says
Liebig, “is contained in the atmosphere as
ammonia in the state of gas, which is capable
of entering into combination with carbonic
acid, and of forming a volatile salt. Ammonia
in its gaseous form, as well as all its volatile
compounds, is of extreme solubility in water.
Ammonia, therefore, cannot remain long in the
atmosphere, as every shower of rein must es
feet its condensation, and convey it to the sur
face of the earth. Hence, also, rain water
must at all times contain ammonia, though not
always in equal quantity. It must contain
more in Summer than in Spring and Winter,
because the intervals of time between the
showers are in Summer greater; and when
several wet days occur; the rain of the first
most contain more of it than that of the second.
The rain of a thunderstorm after a long pro
tracted drought, ought, for this reason, to con
tain the greatest quantity conveyed to the
earth at one time ”
As regards the quantity of ammonia thus
brought town by therein, —as 1132 cubic feet
of air. saturated with aqueous vapor at fifty
nine degrees Fahrenheit, should yield one
pound of rain water, if tho pound contain
only one fourth of a grain of ammonia,—a
piece of ground of 26 910 square feet—43,s6o
square feet being in an acre—must receive an
nually upwards ofßolbs. of ammonia, or 65Ibs.
es nitrogen, which is much more nitrogen than
is contained, in the form es vegetable albu
men and gluten, io 2650 lbs. of wood 2500
lbs. of hay, er 300 cwt. of beetroot, which are
the yearly produce of such a piece of ground
but it is Issa than the straw, roots, and grain of
corn, which might grow on the same surface,
would contain.
Snow water yields ammonia as well as rain
water, and the suow which is next to the
groin.d. and which fell first yields more than
what lies above it. The ammonia contained
in snow aud rain water possesses a smell es
perspiration and putrefying matter, a faet
which leaves no doubt es its origin ; for “the
ammonia received from the atmosphere by
rain and other causes is as constantly replaced
by putrefaction of animal and vegetable mat
tors. A certain portion of tha’ which falls
with the rain evaporates again with the water ;
but another portion is, we suppose, taken up
by the roots of plants, and entering into new
combinations in the different organs aud of
assimilation, produces by the action es these
and of certain ether conditions, albumen,
gluten, The chemical characters of am
monia render it capable of entering into such
combinations and of undergoing numerous
transformations.'*
A late London letter says: —A sale of
O’Connell's lurnitnre, under the sheriff’s au
thority, haa taken place at Derrynane Abbey,
and its results afford an instructive lesson on
the mutability of human fame. In his lifetime,
O'Connoll'a house was open to all men;
“open house” was emphatically the order ofthe
day whan he visited his “mountain home.”
The furniture has now beea sold for the bene
fit of those creditors who contributed to his
hospitality. The entire list of his household
goods brought but £364 .' Tne furniture of
his own chamber, including hie “state bed'”
sold for about fourteen dollars.
Direct Importation,
rjtHE undersigned has commenced the lutpartisg
.1 and Wholesale DRY GOLDS BUSINESS,
at No. 135 Meeting street, where he will oj-eo, by
’ about the fifteenth of January next, a large and very
complete Stock of
FOREIGN GOODS,
selected by himself in the markets of England and
France, and imported direct to thia Port.
He particularly invites attention to hie Stock of
SILK AND FANCY GOODS,
1 as being one of the most extensive ever offered in
this Market—comprising an assortment of
Plain an I Figured Bieck, Fancy-colored, Foulard,
I Glace, and Chene Sll-K ;
i BAREGES, GRENADINES, ALBORINES;
’ French and Scotch GINGHAMS, Ac., of the la-
- test and newest styles;
, A very full stuck of new style BONNET RIB
BONS;
, GLOVES, of every description ;
A large variety of SHAWLS, adapted to the
Spring and Summer trade;
HOSIERY—SiIk and Cotton —in great variety;
A I a rue stock cf Silk. Mohair, Chtoo and Thread
EDGINGS and LACES.
F.eeossing facilities for purchasing on the most fa
vorable terms. be confidently invitee a comparison
with any Market in the United States.
8 He will have, in addition, a full supply of Ameri
v can Manufactured Goode.
r A call from his friend*, and dealers generally, is,
e respectfully soheited J AMES B BETTS,
e Charieetcn, S, C,, Nov., 1850, 528-w 3m
- the pectoral elixir
p T KT THOSE who have Coughs, Colds, Asth
,, aJ ma. Pleurisy, Paia in the Side, Liver Com.
plain:, Bvonehitia. or any other disease of the Chaw
II see “THE PECTORAL ELIXIR," and they will
*• find relief in a few d.wes. It is a certain and pleaa
r* ant remedy for all Pmmonary Aifacuoiw. For Creof
'f in cui.drea it is a certain remedy. Ne femily ebeuts
r- ba without it. For ante >y
11 j*4-tw&w WM. B. TUTT.
POLIfBAL,
i AUSTRIA AND THOTNITED STATES.
1 A
Tux following is th#’correspondence be
-1 tween Mr. Wobswr, Kactetary of Stale, and
i Mr. llulsemann, Cltargtßi;AfEurs«f Austria, in
relation to the coarse purmed by our Gov
ernment during the recent Hungarian struggle
for liberty, by sending a confidential agent to
that country, dec. It was transmitted to the
Seoate en the 30th ult. in reply to a resolution
of that body calling on the President for in
formation upon th« subje« :
DsrsRTMMi or Sam:.
WashihgtoK. t>ecember 30, 1850.
To the President of the United State. ;— qq in
Secretary es State, to whom has been referred
the resolution of the 8ou? : e of the 26ih in
stant, requesting the President “to commu
> nicate to the Senate, if rotkncoaapatible with
the public interest, copies of any correspon
dence, if any has taken place, between the
Department ot State and the Austrian Charge
d’Affaires, respecting the appointment or pro
ceedings of the ag-nt sent out to examine and
report upon the cosditln and prospects es tho
Hungarian people, during their recent strug
gle for independent,” has the honor to lay
Before the Presidents »opy of the correspon
dence called for by the resolutien.
Respectfully tn brattled,
Dis:ni.VVAXaT£ii.
Chevalier J. G. Hul&mann to Secretary of State
[Translation ] thnsn eiN LnaATion,
VVashinstosi SK’-^aber 3o,lßso.
The undersigned, )Gfc*bJAffairns of his
Majesty the EmrcToeJßßßßifa'.as t> oae jn
•a.. — 5: 11.< tonka roa : «”>a.i.u.;Ratisn i
to the Secretary of St.’s?.
As soon as the linpot -J Qi>vnrr.w>n’ became
aware of the feet
had been dispatched t» Visath wrh orders to
watch for a farorabla urnmew to rvcotfn.ze the I
Hungarian Republic, and to jpociuMe a treaty i
of commerce witn tha sa-w. bn undersigned I
was directed to addrej but I
pressing representation* te pc Cabinet ol t
Washington again t mat p,aciding, which is t
co much at variance with mod principles of
international la-v, so scrupuloulr adhered to
by Austria atali times aud utiler all circum
stances, toward 'tie United 3it es. In fact,
howfis it possible i<> rt.:ouc le such a mission
with the principle of non mleveotion, so for
mally announced by the Uniiei States as the
basis of American policy, and which had just
been sanctioned with so much solemnity by
the President in his inaugual address es
March 5, 1849 I Was it in eturn for the
friendship and confidence wh-js Austria bad
never ceased to manifest towards them, that
the United Stales became so iimatient for the
downfall of the Austrian slonachy.and even
sought to accelerate that event b> the utterance
of tneir withes to that effect I Those who
did not hesitate to assume the rdponsibility of
sending Mr. Dadley Mann on neb an errand,
should, independent es comderatious of
propriety, have berna in mind Sat they were
exposing their etnitsary to be traled as a spy.
It is to be regretted that the Ameioan Govern
ment wait not belter informed ajto the actual
resources of Austria, and her hatortcal perse
verance in defending her jut rights. A
knowledge of those resources voald have led
to the conclusion that a coalst for a few
months’ duration could neither five exhausted
the energies of that Power, nsrturned aside
its purpose to put down the;insurrection.
Austria has straggled against the bench revolu
tion for twenty five years; thecourage and
perseverance which she exhibiteiin that mem
orable contest have been appreta.ed by the
whole world.
To the urgent the under
sigeed, Mr. Claytou answered tWt Mr. Mann’s
mission had no o'her object in view than to
obtain reliable information ateto the true
state of affairs in Hungary, iby person
al observation ; this explanation en hardiy bo
admitted, fer it says very little asp the causa
of the anxiety which was fell to the
chances of the revolutionists. Uifortunately,
the language in which Mr. Manti’instructions
were drawo, gives us a very eorf.ct idea of
their scope. This language was ffensive to
the Imperial Cabinet, for it datgnates the
Austrian Government as aa iroj rule, and
represents the rebel chief Kossuthas an illus
trious tnan ; while improper expt-ssions are
introduced in regard to Rassia, ;e intimate
and faithful oily ol Austria. Notfithstanding
these hostile dem uistratioss, th; Imperial
Cabinet has deemed it proper tdpreaerve a
conciliatory deportment, making aople allow
ance for the ignorance of the Cabinet es
Washington on the subject pfHmgaiian af
fairs, and its disposition to give credence to
the mendacious rumors whichare propagated
by the American press, Thafextremoly pain
ful incident, therefore, might live been pasted
over, without nay written evince being left,
on our part, iq tho of the United
of la«t March, the instritnUonwHli witch Mr.
Mann had been furnished oaQto octffiiori of
hie mission to Vienna. The publicly which
hi-s beengivon to that docunsnt he placed
the Imperial Government utiJ.fr liuiecessity
of entering a formal protest, diroiighta official
representative, against the prbceedigs of the
American Government, lest tint Gvermnent
should construe our silence into aprobation,
or toleration oven, of the princtp'esMiich ap
pear to have guided its action and,he means
it has adopted.
In view of all these circumstanci, the un
dersigned has been instructed to dettre that the
Imperial Government totally disapfovee, and
will always couiinuo to disapproi of those
proceedings, so offensive to the las of pro
priety ; and that it protests agaidoll inter
ference in the internal affairs oflts Govern
ment Having thus fulfilled hi* d.y, the un
dersigned considers it a fortunate rcuinstance
that he lias it i* his power to asour the Secre
tary es State that the Imperial Grerntnent is
disposed to cultivate relations of findship and
good understanding with the Uled States,
relations which may have been ioraentarily
weakened, but which could ti again be
seriously disturbed without plAcinjh* cardinal
interest* of the two countries n<hpirdy.
The instructions for commu
nication to Mr. Clayton reacn ; W ish ug
tou at the time of Gen. Tayloril e >iti In
compliance with the r q nations i propriety,
the undersigned deeiue i it !><• to defer
the task until the new Adiummrairt had been
completely organized ; a delay >»ch be now
rejoice* at, as it has given niu» ill nrportuni
ty of ascertaining tr.rn the new IMdent him
self, on the occasion of tne rece|On of the
diplomatic co.p«, that tha fan<laen'.al policy
of tho United Sisi.s a > ’requeinibroclaimed.
would guide tne relsnix s cf i| American
Government wth -hen her Fowls. Even if
the Government es the L’. red Fates were
t» think it proper to tike an in-pect part in
the political movemanl* of Eurof,-American
policy would be expoiod to acts
and to certain inconvemenc.es, fiiich could
not fail to affect the commerce ai the indue
try ofthe twohemispheres. Alliuntnes are
obliged, at some period or otherjio struggle
against internal difficulties; aT forms of
government are exposed to suchnssgreeable
episodes ; the United States havghad some
experience in this very recently. Civil war is
a possible occurrence every wherpand the en
couragement which is given to SI spirit of
insurrection and of disorder mid frequently
bits back upon those whe seek laid in its
development, in spite of justk and wise
polity.
The undersigned avails himselff this occa
sion to renew to the of State
the assurance of his considera
tion. lauxMxx.x.
To tbe Hon. Daniel Webster, j«r«lary of
Slate of the Uuilui State*.
Secretary of State to Mr. Haw™
DxraaTMSMT otcrkTk, ?
WkSHisoToir, December I,lßao. )
The undersigned, Secretary 4 Stat* of the
United States, bad ths honor Xceive, some
time ago, the note of Mfv.l’oAaiahn, Charge
d'Affaires of bis Majesty thbr'S peror of Aus
tria, ol the 30th September, fhuses, not ari
sing from any want of pereefel regard for
Mr. Huleemaun, or of propeitispect for his
Government, have delayed aninswer nntil the
present moment. Having sufiitted Mr. Hul
semann’s letter to tbe Presided, the undersign
ed is now directed by him to Etorn the follow
’ ing reply.
The objects of Mr. Hulsemfen's note are,
first, to protost, by order of if Government,
against the steps taken by thejite President of
r the United Slates to ascertainfbe progress and
probable result ofthe revohsitjiuary movement
in Hungary ; and secondly to complain of
, some expressions in the instructions ofthe late
Secretary of Stat* to Mr. j. Dudley Mann,
a confidential agent of the In ted State*, a*
communicated by Presided Taylor to the
Senate on tbe 28:b of MaretgasL
The principal ground of protest ie founded
on tho idea, er in the *lleg<on. that tbe Gov
ernment of the United States, by the mission
> of Mr. Mann, and bis instructions, has inter
fered in the domestic affairi of Austria, in a
• manner unjust aud disreepsetful toward that
Power. The President's Message was a com
. munication made by him tothe Senate, trans
muting a correspondence bet ween the execu
. tive Government aud a csnfidestial agent of
his own. This would seen to be itself a do
mestic transaction, a mere instaACe of inter
s course between the President and ibe Senate,
in the manner which is nsnal and indispensable
; in communications between the different
branches of the Government: It was not ad
dressed to either Austria or Hungary ; nor
■ was it made any public manifesto, to ’which
any foreign State was eal ed on to reply- I«
_ was an account of its transactions cotnmnni
eated by the Executive Government to tbe
Senate, al the request of that body ; made
public, indeed, but made public only because
such is the common and usual course of pro
ceeding; and it may be regarded a* some
what strange, therefore, that the Austrian Cab
iaet did not perceive that, by the .instructions
£ given to Mr. Hukamann, it was itself inter-
J f-nng with the domestic concerns of a foreign
State, tbe very thing which ietbe ground ol
ip its complaints against the United States.
Id Tin* Department has, on former oceasiens,
1 informed tbe Ministersof Foreign Powers, tha
» a communication freui the Preeident to
House of Congress is regarded ss a domeslif
ootatuuoieation, of which, ordinarily, no for
eign State has cognizsnee ; and in more re
' cotit iustanoas, the grout iticonvettienceof ma
king such communications subjects of diplo
tnatiC correspondence and discussi* it has been
fully shown, if it had been tlto pleasure of hit
Majesty the Emperor of Austria during the
struggles ia Hungary, to have admonished the
provisional Government or the people of that
country against involving thenMolves in disas
ter, by following the evil and dangerous exam
ple of the United States of America iu ma
king efforts for the establishment of indepen
dent Governments, such an adtaonition from
that sovereign to his Hungarian subjects
would not have originated here a diplomatic
correspondence The President might per
haps on this groaud, have declined to direct
auy particular reply to Mr. Hulsoinann’e note,
but, out of propar respect for the Austrian
Government, it has been thought batter to an
swer that ante at length ; and the more espe
cially us the occasion is not unfavorable for the
expression of the general sentiments of the
Government of tbe United States upon tbe
topics which that note discusses.
A leading subject iu Mr. Hulsemann’s note
is that of tho correspondence between Mr.
Hulseinann and the predecessor of the under
signed, in which Mr. Clayton, by direction of
the President, informed Mr. Huisemanu ‘ that
Mr. Mann’s mission had no other object in
view than to obtain reliable information as to
the true state of affairs in Hungary, by per
sonal observation.” Mr. Hulsemann remarks
tnat “this explanation can hardly bo admitted,
for it says very little as to the causa of-the
anxiety whieh was felt to ascertain the chances
of the revolutionists.” As this, however, is
the only purpose which can with any appear
ance of truth be attributed to the agency ; as
nothing whatever is alleged by Mr. Huise
tnaotrte have keen pitber done or said by the
ti .in ebjec? -ha
un<fersigned'eon?efi<.9 L -.MMr. gR-rfAß’«_aX
planntion ought te be deamed not onlyed
missiele, but tjuite satisfactory. Mr. Hulse
mann states, in the conrse of his note, that
his instractions to address his present com
mußication to Mr. Clayton reached Washing
ton about the time of the lamented death of
the late President, and thatbe delayed from a
sense of propriety the execution of his task
until the naw Administration should be fully
f organized: “a delay which he new rejoices
> at, as it has given him the opportunity of as
eertaining from the uew President himself, on
, the occasion of the reception of the diplomatic
, corps, that the fundamental policy of the
. United States, se frequently proclaimed, would
i guide the relations of the American Govern
( ment with ether Powers.” Mr. Hulsemann
- also observes that it is in his power te assure
f tho undersigned “that the Imperial Govern-
I ment is disposed to cultivate relations of
I friendship and good understanding with the
> United States.” The President receives this
i assurance of the disposition es the Imperial
i Government with great satisfaction, aud, in
i consideration of the friendly relations of the
, two Governments thus mutually recognized,
P and of the peculiar nature of the incidents by
which their good understanding is supposed
by Mr. Hulaemaun to have been, for a mo
ment, diatnibeii or endangered, the President
regrets that Air. Huiseinaun did not feel him
self at liberty wholly to forbear from the exe
cution of instrnctiona which wore of course
transmitted from Vienna without any fore
sight of the state of things under which they
weald reach Washington. If Mr. Hulsemann
saw, m tho address of the President to the di
plomatic corps, satisfactory pledges of tbe sen
timents and the pelicy of this Government,
in regard to neutral rights and neutral duties,
it might, perhaps, have been better net to
briug on a discsssion of past transactions
But the undersigned readily admits that this
wasaquestion fit only for the consideration i
and deaieion of Mr. Hulsemann himself; and '
although the Presidon: does not see that .my I
good purpose can be answered by reopening
the inquiry into tbe propriety of the steps taken i
by President Taylor, to ascertaiu the probable t
issue of the late civil war in Hungary, justice ’
to his memory requires the uiidersignec 1 brief- I
ly to re-state the nistsry of these steps, aad
to shew their consistency with the neutral <
policy which has invariably guided the Gov I
eminent of tho United States in its foreign :
relations, as well as with tho established aud t
well-settled principles of national intercourse, <
aud the doctrines of public law. <
The undersigned will first ob«orve that the i
President is persuaded His Majesty the Empe- <
ror of Austria does not think that the Govern '
ment of the United Stats* ought to view, with i
unesneern, the extraordinary events which t
have occurred, uot only in his dominion*, but <
in many other parts of Europe, since February, 1
1848. Tho Government and People of the I
United States, like other intelligent Govern- t
meuts and cemmuaities, lake a lively interest t
in tho movements and the events of this r— t
markable age, in whatever part of the world
they may be exhibited. But the in'ereot taken
by the United States in these events, has not
proceeded from any disposition to depart front
jh^^tmrralil^jtoward^tareijn i
the Union It has heon the necessary effect
of the unexampled character of the events
themselves, which could not fail to arrest the
attention of the contemporary world ; as they
will doubtless fill a memorable page in history.
But the undersigned goes further, and freely
admits that in propor ion as these extraordi
nary events appeared to hive their origin i n
those great ideas i f responsible a d popular
governments, on which tha American consti
tutions themselves are wholly founded, they
could net but command tho warm sympathy
of tho people of this country.
Well known circumstances in their history,
indeed their whole history, have made them
the representatives of purely popular princi
ples of Government. In this light they now
stand before the world. They could not, if
they would, conceal their character, their con
dition, or their destiny. They could not, if
they so desired, shut out from the view of
mankind the causes which have placed them,
in so short a national career, in the station
which they now hold among the civilized
States of tbe world. They could not, if they
desired it. suppress either the thoughts or the
hopes which arise in men’s minds, in other
countries, from contemplating their successful
example of free government. That very
intelligent and distinguished personage, the
Emperor Joseph rhe Secund, was among the
first to discern this necessary consequence of
the American Revolution en the sentiments
and opinions of the people of Europe. In a
letter to his Minister in the Netherlands in
1787, he observes that “it is remarkable that
Franco, by the assistance which she afforded
to the Americans, gave birth to reflections on
freedom.” This fact, which the sagacity of
that monarch perceived at so early a day, is
now known and admitted by intelligent pow
ers all over the world. True, indeed, it is,
that the prevalence on the other continent of
sentiments favorable to Republican liberty, is
the result of the reaction of America upon
Europe ; and the source and centre of this
reaction has doubtless been, and bow is, in
these Uni ed Slates. The position thus be
longing to the United States is a fact as insepa
rable from their history, their constitutional
organisation, and their character, as the oppo
site position of the Powers composing the
European alliance is from the history and con
stitutional organization of the Governments
of those Powers.
The sovereigns who form that alliance have
not unfreqnently foil it their right to interfe e t
with the political movements of foreign States;
and have, in their manifestoes and declara- 1
lions, denounced the popular ideas of th" age, s
in terms so comprehensive as of necessity to <
include the United States, and their forms of I
government. It is well known that eno of ]
the leading principles announced by the allied I
sovereigns after the rostotation es the Bour- ■
bene, is, that all popular or constitutional rights t
are holden no otherwise than as grants sad in- t
dulgonces from crowned heads. "Useful and t
necessary changes in legislation and adminio- i
tra'ion,” says the Laybacb Circular of May, t
1341, "ought only to emanate from the free I
will and intelliseat conviction es those whom ;
Cod has rendered rtspoosiblo for power; all I
that deviates from thia line necessarily leads to i
disorder, commotions, and evils far more in- i
sufferable than those which they pre’end to i
remedy.” And his late Austrian Majesty, i
Francis, 1., is reported to have declared in an i
address to the Hungarian Diet, in 1820, that I
"the whole world had become foolish, and, I
leaving their ancient laws, was in search of i
imaginary constitutions.” These declarations i
amount to nothing less than a denial of tho
lawfulness of the origin of the Government of
the United States, since it is certain that that i
Government was established in consequence <
of a change which did not proceed from thrones I
or the permission of crowned heads. Bat the
Government es the United States beard these i
• denuncia ioas of its fundamental principles
without remonstrance, or the disturbance of ;
its equanimity. This was thirty years ago.
Toe power es this Republic, at the present
moment, is spread over a region, one ol the
richest and most fertile ou the globe, and es an
extent in comparison with which the posses
sions of the Hoose of Hapsburg are but as a
patch on tho oarh's snrfsoe. Its population,
already twenty-five millions, will exceed that
of the Austrian Empire within the period
during which it may be hoped that M. 11 ulse
manu may yet remain in the honorable dis
charge of his duties to his Government. Its
navigation and commerce are hardly exceeded
■ by the oldest and most commercial nations; its
maritime means ami its maritime power may
be seen by Austria herself, in al! seas where
she has porta, as w ell as it may be seen, a! o,
i in ail quarters ot the globe. Life, liberty,
i property, and all person-,i rights are amply se
cured to all citizen*, and protected by just and
r stable laws; and credit, public and private. is
i as well established as io auy Government of
t Continental Europe. And the country, in all
its interests and concerns, panakes mostlarge
ly in all the improvements and progress which
> distinguish the ago. Certainly the United
> States may be pardoned, even by those who
profess adherence to the principles of absolute
Governments, if they entertain an ardent affec-
1 tien for those popular forms of political or-
* sanitation which have so rapidly advanced
Uietrowo prosperity nod happiness, and ena-
_ bled them in so short a period to bring their
,f country and the hemisphere to which it be-
1 longs, io the notice and respectful regard, not
to say tho admiration, of the civilized world.
Nevertheless, the United States have abstain
ed, at all times, from acts of interference with
January
ic I the political change* of Europe. They cannot,
r- however, fail to cherish always a lively interest
e- in the fortunes of nations struggling fer insti
a- tutious like their own. But this sympathy, se
j 1 far from being necessarily a hostile feeling to
n ward any of the patties to these great national
is struggles, is quite consistent with amicable
e , rslatiuna with them all. The Hungarian peo
e I pie are three or four tiiaes a* numerous as the
it inhabitants of these United States were when
t- the American revolution broke out. They
i- possess, in a distinct language and in other
i- respects, important elements of a separate na
i- tionality, which the Auglo S ixon race in this
n country did not possess; and if the United
s State* wish success to countries contending
e tor popular constitutions and national inde>
- pendence, it is only because they regard such
t constitutions and such national independence,
, net as imaginary, bat aa real blessings. They
) claim no right, however, to take part in the
- struggles of foreign Powers tn order to pro
. tnote those ends. It is only in defence of his
I own Government, and its principles and char-
> actor, that the undersigned has now expressed
> himself on this subject. But when the United
States behold the people of foreign countries,
without a iy such interference, spontaneoiislr
moving toward the adoption of institutions
like their own, it surely cannot be expected
of them to remain wholly indifferent specta
tors.
In regard to the recent very important oc
currences in the Austrian Empire, the under
signed freely admits the difficulty which exists
in this country, and is alluded to by Mr. Hul
semann, of ehtaiuiug accurate information.
But this difficulty is by no means te be ascribed
to what Mr. Hulsemann calls—with little
jastice, as it seems to tbe undersigned—“the
mendacious rumors propagated by tho Ameri
can press.” For information on this subject,
and others of tho same kind, the American
press is, of necessity, almost wholly depen
dant upon that es Europe ; and if “mendacious
rumors ’ respecting Austrian and Hungarian
have been any where propagated, that
propagation of falsehoods has been most pro
lific on the European confinent, and in coun
tries immediately bordering on the Austrian
empire. But, wherever these errors may have
originated, they certainly justified tho late
President in seeking true information through
aathentic channels. His attention was first
particularly draws to the slate es thing* in
Hungary, by the correspondence of Air. Stiles,
Charge d’Affaires es the Uuited Stales at
Vienna. Ie the Autumn of 1848 an applica
tion was made to this gentleman, on behalf of
Mr. Kossuth, formerly Mi nister es Finance for I
the Kingdom of Hungary by Imperial ap
pointment, but at the lima tho application was
made Chief of the Revolutionary Government.
The object of this application was to obtain the
good offices es Mr. Stiles with the Imperial
Goverment, with a view to the suspension of
hostilities.
This application became the subject of a
conference between Prince Schwarzenberg,
the Imperial Minister for Foreign Affairs, and
Mr. Stiles. The Prince commended the cou
sidorstenoss and propriety with which Mr.
Stiles had acted; and, so far from disapproving
hia interference, advised him, in case he re
ceived a further communication from tho Re
volutionary Government in Hengsry, to have
an interview with Prince Windisgratz, who
was charged by the Emperor with tha proceed
ings detenninad en in relation to that kingdom.
A week after those occurrences, Mr. Stiles re
ceived, through a secret channel, a communi
cation signed by L. Kossuth, President of the
Committee of Defence, and countersigned by
Francis Pulsky, Secretary of State. On the
receipt es this communication, Air. Stiles had
an interview with Prince VVmdisgraiz, “ who
received him with the utmost kindness, and
thanked him for his efforts toward reconciling
the existing difficulties.” Such were the in
cidents which first drew the attention of tho
Government of the United States particularly
to the affairs of Hungary, aud the conductor
Air. Stilus, though acting without instructions
in a matter of much delicacy, having been
viewed with satisfaction by the Imperial Go
vernment, was approved by that es the United
States.
In the course of the yesr 1848, and in the
early part of 1849. a considerable camber of
Hungarians came to the United States. Among
them were individuals representing themselves
tn beia the confidence of the Revolutionary
Government, and by these persons the Presi
dent wsa strongly urged to recognize the ex
istence of that Government In these appli
cation*, and in tha manner tn which they were
viewed by the President, there was nothing
nnusual; still less was there anythin! unau
thorized by the law of nations It is the right
of every independent State to enter into friend
ly relations with every other independent
State. Os course questions es prudence na
turally arise iu reference to new Stater, brought
by successful revolutions into the family of na
tions; but it is not to be required of neutral
i Powers that they shouldawait the recognition of
t tha new Government by the parent State. No
t principle of public law has been more freqnent
» ly acted upon within the last thirty years by the
; limits of the colonial dominions of Spain on
i this continent; and in Europe the same thing
has been done by Belgium and Greece. The
’ existence, of all these Governments was recog
nized by some of the leading Powers of Eu-
' rope, as well as by the United States, before
i was acknowledged by the Slates from which
I (hey had separated themselves. If. therefore,
r the United States had gone so far as formally
■ to ackoowledge the independence of Hungary,
although, as the result has proved, it would
have beun a precipitate step, and one from
which no benefit would have resulted to either
, party, it would not, nevertheless, have been an
t act against the law’ of nations, provided they
took no part in her esntest with Austria. But
' the United S’ates did no such thing. Not only
f did they not yield to Hungary any actual coun-
- to nance or succor; not only did they not shew
f their ships of war in the Adriatic with any
f menacing or hostile aspect, but they stndious
, ly abstained from everything which had not
t been done in other cases in times past, and
I contented themselves with institu ing an inqut
' ry into the truth and realily of alleged political
" occurrences. Mr. Hulsemann incorrectly
r stales, unintentionally certainly, the nature of
I the mission of this agent, when he says that “ a
United States agent had been dispatched to
i Vienna with orders to watch for a favorable
moment to recognize the Hungarian republic,
P and to conclude a treaty of commerce with the
t same.” This, indeed, would have been a law
i fnl object, but Mr. Mann’s errand was, in the
i first instance, purely one of inquiry. He
i had no power to act, unless he had first come
I to the conviction that a firm and stable Hun
i garian Government existed.
f “The principal object the President has in
t view,” according to his instructions, “is to oh
. tain minute and reliable information in regard
to Hungary in connection with the affaire of
r adjoining countries, the probable issue of the
< present revolutionary movements, and the
i chances we may have of forming commercial
i arrangements with that Power favorable to
t the United States.” Again, in tho same pa
■ per, it is said: “The object of the President
• is to obtain information in regird to Hungary
1 and her resources and prospects, with a view
- to an early recognition of her independence
> and the formation of commercial relations
• with her.” It was only in the event that the
> new Government should appear, in the opin
ion of the agent, tn be firm and stable, that tho
» President proposed to recommend its recogni-
tion
Mr. Hu'semann, in qualifying these steps of
President Taylor with the epithet of "hostile,”
seems to take for granted that the inquiry
could, intheexpecta'ion of the President, have
but one result, and tbatfavorable to Hungary.
If this was so, it would not change the case.
But the American Government sought for
nothing but truth; it deyired to learn the facts
through a reliable chanftol It so happened in
the chances and vicissitudes of human affairs
that the result was adverse to the Hungarian
revolution. The American agent—as was
stated m his instructions to be not unlikely—
found the condition of Hungarian affairs less
prosperous than it had been, or had been be
lieved to be. He did not enter II ungary ,nor hold
any direct communication with her revolution
ary leaders. He reported against the recog
nition of her independence, because he found
that she bad been unable to set up a firm and
stable government. He carefully lorbore, as
his instructions required, to give publicity to
his mission, aid the undersigned supposes
that tho Austrian Government first learned its
existence from the communications of the
President to the Senate.
Mr. Hutsemann will observe from this state •
maul that Mr. Mana's mission was woolly nn
objectionable, and vrictly within the rule oi the
law of nations, amt the duty of the United
States as a neutral Power. He will accord
ingly feel how little foundation there is for his
remark, that “ those who did not hesitate to
assume the responsibility of sending Mr. Dud
ley Mann on such,and errand shou'd, indepen
dent of considerations of propriety, have
borne in mind that they were exposng their
emissary to be treated as a spy.” A spy is a
person sent by one belligerent to gain secret
information of the forces aad defences of the
ether, to be used for hostile purposes. Ac
cording to practice, he may use deception,
under the penalty of being lawfully hanged if
detected. To give|ihis odious name ami charac
ter to a confidential agent of a neutral Power,
bearing the commission of his country, and
sent for a purpose fully warranted by the law
of nations, is not only to abuse language, but
also to confound all just ideas and to an
nouce the widest and most extravagant notions,
such as certainly were notto have been expected
in a e rave diplomatic paper; and the Pre«ident
directs the undersigned to say to Mr. Hul-e
--manii that the American Government would
regard such an imputation upon it by the
Cabioeluf Austria, as that it employs spies,
and that in a quarrel none of its own, as dis
tinetly offensive, if it did not presume, as it is
willing to presume, that the word used in the
original German was not of equivalent mean
ing with “ spy ” in ths English language, or
that in some other way the etabloyment of
such an opprobrious term may be explained.
Had the Imperial Government of Austria sub
jected Mr. Mann to the treatment of a spy, it
would have plac«d ilaelf w-thout the pale es
civilized nations ; and the Cabinet of Vienna
may be assured that if it had carried, er at
tempted to carry, any such lawless purpose
into effect, in the case of an authorized
agent of this Government, the spirit of the
people of thia country would have demanded
VOL;LXV-NEW SERIES VOL.XV--NO 3.
1.1 immediate hostilities to be waged by the n*
it most exertion of power of the Republic, mill
i tary and naval.
» Air. Hulsemann proceeds to remark thai
- “ this extremly painful iucident, therefore,
I might have been passed over, without any
b written evidence being left en our part in the
• archieves of the Uuited States, had not Gen
t eral Taylor theught proper to revive ihe
i whole subject, by communicating to tbe Seu
' ate, in his message of tha 18ih [2Bthl of last
• March, the instructions with which Mr. Alann
had been furnished on the occasion of his
i mission to Vienna. The publicity which ha*
been given to that document has placed tbe
Imperial Government under the necessity of
entering a formal protest, through its official
representative, against the proceedings of the
American Government, lest that Government
should construe our silence into approbation,
or toleration even, of tbe principles which ap
pear to have guided its action and the means it
has adopted.”
The undersigned reasserts to Air. Hulse
rnsnn, and to the cabinet of Vienna, and in
the presence of rhe word, that the steps ta
ken by President Taylor, now protested
against by the Austrian Government, were
warranted by tbo law of nations and agreeable
‘o the usage* of civilized States. With res
pect to the communication of Mr. Mann’s in
structions to the Senate, and the language in
which they are coached, it has already been
said, and Mr. Hulsemann must feel the jnstiee
of tho remark, that these are domestic affaire
in reference te which tbe Government es the
United States cannot admit the slightest res
ponsibility to the Government of hia Imperial
Majesty. No State deserving the appellation
of independent, can permit t e language in
which it may instruct its own officers in the
discharge of their duties to itself to be called
in question under any pretext by a foreign
Power. But, even it wore not so, Mr. Hulse
.mannis in error in stating that the Austrian
Government is called an “Iron Rale” in Air.
Mann's instructions. The phrase is net found
in the paper, and in respect to the honorary
epithet bestowed in Mr. Mann’sinstrnctions on
the late thief of the Revelntionary Govern
ment of Hungary, Afr. Huslemann will bear
in naiad that tbe Government of the United
States cannot justly be expected, in a confiden
tial communication to its own agent, to with
hold from an individual an epithet of dietiac
tion of which a great part of the world,thinks
him worthy, merely en the ground that his
ewn Government regards bim as a rebel, At
en early stage of the American revolution, while
Washington was considered by the English
Gavernment asp rebel chief, he was regard
ed on the continent of Europe as aa illustri
ous hero. But the undersigned will lake the
liberty of bringing the Cabinet of Vienna into
the presence of its ewn predecessors, and of
citing for it* consideration the conduct of the
Imperial Government itself. In the year 1777 (
the war of the American Revolution was ra
ging all over the United States. England was
presecuting that war with a mast resolute de
terminatien, and by the exertien of all her mili
tary means te the fullest extent. Germany
was at that time at peace with England ; and
yat an agent of that Congress, which was
looked upon by England in no other light than
that of a body in open rebellion, was uot only
received with great respect by tbe Ambassador
of the Empress Queen at Paris, aud by the
Aiiniaterof the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who
afterwards mounted the imperial throne, but
ro*idod iu V ienna for a considerable time ; not
indeed, officially acknowledged, bat treated
with courtesy and respect; and ths Emperor
suffered himself te be pe;anaded by that agent
to exert himselfto prevent the German Powers
from furnishing troops to England to enable
herte sapproas the rebellion in America.
Neither Air. Hulsemann, nor the cabinet of Vi
enna,it is presumed, will unJertake to say that
anything said or done by thia Government in
regard to the recent war between Austria and
Hungary is rot borne out, by this example of
the Imperial Court. It is believed that tha Em
peror Joseph the Second habitually spoke in
terms of respect and admiration of the charac
ter of VVaahingt-n, a* he is known to have
done of that of Franklin, and he deemed it no
infraction of neutrality to inform himself of tha
progress of the revolutiunary straggle in
America, nor to express his deep sense of the
meritsand the talents of those illustrious men
who were then leading their country to inde
pendence and renown. The undersigned m y
add, that in 1781 the courts of Russia and
Austria proposed a diplomatic Congress of the
belligerent Pevvors, to which the Commis
sinners of tha United Stales should bo admit
ted.
Mr. Hnlsemaan fiiiaks that ia Air. Mann’s
ietrnrtions improper expressions are introdu
ced in regard to Russia; but the undersigned
has no reason te suppose that Russia herselfis
of that opinion. Tne only observation made
in those instructions abaut Russia is that she
“hae chosen to assume aa attitude of interfer-
enee, and her immense preparations for inva
ding and reducing the Hungarians to the rule
of Austria—from which they desire to be re
leased—gave so serious a character to the eon
unnecessarily susceptible in looking upon
language like this as a “hostile demonstration.”
If we remember that it was addressed by the
Government to its own agent, and has receiv
ed publicity only through a communication
from one Department of tbe American Gov
ernment to another, the language quoted must
be deemed moderate and inoffensive. The
comity of Nations would hardly forbid its being
addressed to the two Imperial Powers them
selves- It is scarcely necessary for the under
signed to say. that the relations of the United
States with Russia have always been of the
most friendly kind, and hare never been deem
ed byeith-r party to require any compromieeof
their peculiar views upon subjects of domestic
or foreign polity, er the true origin of Gov
ernments. At any rate, the faet that Austria,
in her contest with Hungary, had an intimate
and faithful ally tn Russia, eannot alter the real
nature of tbe question between Austria and
Hungary, nor in any way affect the neutral
rights and duties of the Government of the
United Statea or the justifiable sympathies of
the American people. It is, indeed, easy to
conceive that favor toward struggling Hungary
would not be diminished, but increased, when
it was seen that the arm of Austria was
strengthened and upheld by a Power whose
assistance threatened to be, and which in the
end proved to be, overwhelmingly destructive
of all her hopes.
Towards the conclusion of bis note, Mr.
Hulsemaun remarks that “ if the Government
of the United States were to think it proper to
take an indirect part in tho political movements
of Europe, American policy would be exposed
to acta of retaliation- and to certain inconve
niences which would not fail to affect the com
roerce and industry of the two hemispheres.”
As to this possible fortune, this hypothetical
retaliation, the Government and people ol the
United Stales are quite willing to take their
chances and abide their destiny. Taking nei
ther a direct nor an indirect part in the domes
tic or intestine movements es Europe, they
have no fear of events of tho nature alluded
to by Mr- Hulsemann. It would bo idle now
to discuss with Mr. Hnlsemann those octa of
retaliation which he imagines may possibly
take place at some indefinite time hereafter
Those questions will be discussed when they
arise, and Mr. Huisemann and the Cabinet at
Vienna may rest assured that, in the mean
time, while performing with strict and exact
fidelity all their neutral duties, nothing will de-
ter either the Government or the people of the
United States from exercising, at their own
discretion, the rights belonging to them as an
independent nation, and of forming and ex
pressing their own opinions, freely and at all
times, upon the great political events which
may transpire among the civi'ized nations of
the earth. Their own institutions stand upon
the broadest principles es civil liberty; and
believing those principles and the fundamental
laws in which they are embodied, to be emi
nently favorable to the prosperity es Slates—
to be. in fact, the -inly principle* es govern
ment which meet the demand* of the present
enlightened age—the President has perceived
with great satisfaction that, in the Constitution
recently introduced into the Austrian empire,
many of those great principles are recognized
and applied, aud he cherishes a sincere wish
that they may produce the same happy effects
throughout his Austrian .Majesty's extensive
dominions that they have derm in the Uniied
States.
The undersigned baa tbe houor to repeat to
Air. Hulsemann the assurance of bis high con
sideration. Dasizl Wxzstzk.
Here is a paragraph (says tbe Nashville Ban
ner) which it ia more than probable the presses
that desire to keep up agitation in regard to
the Fugitive Slave Law will never find room
for. Tney prefer items from Abolition prints,
which encourage the ide* that the law will not
be enforced i
“Mr. A. N. Edmond* returned home day before
yesterday from Illinois, bringing with himtwofu
gi ime slaves, the property or D. M. I-eaiherman,
Esq. of this ci y. They were arrested io Union
comity and committed to jail, and under the laws of
ibe State of liiinoi- hid been sold for jail fees. Mr.
Edmond* npon preaeotieg the necessary papers, had
no further difficulty, and took quiet possession of
them.”—-Wcwip.hu Eagle, 19tA ult.
Reports of tat Cosvextion. —We have
upou eur table a small oamphlet of 23 pa
ges, issued from the ("ederal Unutn Office,
purporting to be a Report of the debates and
proceeding* of the late Georgia Convention,
compiled by A- E. Marshall, E-q It is badly
primed, upon inferior paper, and is full of the
most gross inaccuracies ol both style and fact.
Tbe speeches of some members are omitted,
while those ot others are so meagre as to be
disreputable, both to the Convention and io
the State.
Whole passagesand argument* are in one
or two cases, entirely left out, and even the
yea*and nays, upon the most important issues
before the Convention, are not given ; white
matter irrelevant in its character, and whieh
was not acted upon by the Convention, is em
bodied in the proceeding*. We are pleased
to learn, that some es the speakers who have
been thus grossly misreported, havealrsady ta
ken the initiatory etepsto have the proceeding*
aed debate* bronght before the public in a
proper and antaentie shape. The pamphlet ia
question, eoaia.n* internal evidence es either
i the incapacity of tbe reporter, or the misehisy
i ou* design of the pnbiisber.
I It ia true, that tin Editor of the Uauen throws
. IhZn k “. D^ lbl lty ol the WMk Mr- Mar
rnr«r? Ut h<> r* J” 7 car,fal •« o»d»r» the
. kil? • ° f r' h * r, f OM - The •■lire pew-
it phlet w ■ perfeet catchpenny concern, and
>, whether se intended er uot, ie a rslectioa at
y on the intelligence es the Sute, end a dissraoe
e to the mechanical taste es the Tvnerranhiael
i- fraternity.— Jour. ft Hui. ' r * r
* Posr-Orriox Statistics roc res stream
t iNDiira Dao 31, 1850.—California letters re
, ceived, 123,912; foreign lettere received, 340,-
t 402; California letters eent, 127 048; foreign
, letters eent, 353 454; total, 954 816. To this
add the daily average of domestio oorreepon
f dence, of eay 55,000 lettere, end the amount of
I letters received and eent by transient vessels,
i and it will give 6,037,000 letters that have aee
t sed through thio office in the last qearter. The
number of foreign newspapers for the quarter
is as follows: Received 169,283, ana sent
326,068, amounting to 495,301. The amount
of letters advertised in the quarter, was 37,942,
one-third of which has been called for and de
livered to the rightful owners —IV. Y. Pott.
•i _ . i ai
CONGRESS.
.... —■ - ■
PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS,
Correspondent of tiU H«zrsm~ers Amtrittn.
r _ a »N THE HOUSE Jas. 4.
L I he senate was not in session to-day.l
Mr. Hamilton, from Maryland, proseated
the memorial of William Price and other eiti
zsns of Cumberland, Md., asking for the ee
tablishment es a fine of Mail Steampebips, t»
ran from the ports es Baltimore and Norfolk,
to some port ia England, in eemmuaieatiea
by railread with the eity of London, whisk
was referred to the Committee on Naval As-
The House resolved itself into a Committee
of the Whole, on motion of Mr. Petter es
Ohio, for the purpose of taking up the Cheap
Postage Bdl; Mr. Burt of South Carolina, in
the Chair.
Mr. Featherston, of Mississippi, called the
attention of the Committee to an amendment
which he proposed, and which had reference
chiefly to periodicals and newspapers, fixing
the postage on the former at half a cent for
every ounce in weight, and newspapers half a
cent each when either be sirculated beyond
the State in which publiahed.
Mr. Perry, from Maine, was ia favor of a
reduced rate of postage within a distance es
two thousand miles, and of ten seats beyond
that distance, file recapitulated the argu
ments that had been used on a former day,
drawn from a similar result in England, which
want to prove, that a reduced rate es postage
would lead to an increase of the revenues es
the department.
Mr. Watkins, from Tennessee, was oppos
ed to the abolition of the franking privilege,
ano in favor of the introduction of a reduced
rate of postage.
Mr. dweotaer, from Ohio, expressed him
self with bis usual warmth against the bill and
the proposed amendments. Those whom he
represented, bo said, had no objection to the
present rate es postage, and he could not ac
count far the favor with which thp contempla
ted measure was viewed by his colleegnes.
He considered the proposal as one which if
carried into effect, would destroy tbe revettno
of the department, and the result would be to
saddle the General Government with the ex
pense thus iacurred. The gentlemen who
were in favor of the change at present advo
cated, had. be contended, an ulterior objeet in
view,—they were the frisnda ofa high tariff,
and would increase the expense of eendUoting
the Government, to such an extent, aa to re- -
quire a corresponding tariff to defray it. Ho
concluded by expressing himself in fever ofa
uuiforsi rale of five cents en letters and the
newspapers should have a free local circula
tion, and farther, that the postage should bo
uniform throughout the Union—from Maine
to California and Oregon-
Mr. Root of Ohio, was in faror es making
all mailable matter pay postage, and of abol
ishing the franking privilege, which ho said
had become a great abuse, and had evidently
increased the public printing—the two noting
reciprocally upon each other. He advocated
cheap postage on letters and newspapers ; and
also that it should be prepaid.
Mr. Cobb from Alabama gave notice, that
he should on a future day move an amendment
applicable to that part of the Union which he
represented.
The Committee then rose without coming
tea decision; and the House adjourned till
Monday next.
IN SENATE Jan. 6th.
Mr. Rhett of 3, C. appeared and was quail
Bed.
A largo number of petitions and memorials
were presented.
A message was received from the H“use,
announcing the passage by that body ofa large
5 nesuber of private bills ; which were taken up
and referred to appropriate committees.
Tha Senate
, Mr. Mangum addressed the Senate in da
> fence of the removal by General Taylor of
3 General Lane from tho post of Governor es
Oregon, on the ground that Gen. Lane had im
, peached the personal honor and integrity es
General Taylor growing out of the statements
. concerning the 21 Indiana Regiment, in the
official report of the battle of Buena Vista.
He examined the point in great detail and
closed his speech a little after throe o’deek,
when the Senate adjourned.
HOUSE.
Mr. Holmes, of South Carolina, moved
that the rules of tbe House be suspended te
- enable him to introduce tbe following resolu
tion That it be referred to tbs Committee on
Military Affairs to report a bill conferring the
rank es Lieutenant General on Major General
Scott for hie services during the lato war with
Mexico.
Tho ayes and nays beins ordered, the mo
tion was carried by a majority of one, there be
ing 79 in its favor and 78 against it.
Mr. Julian, of Indiana, asked (or leave te
present a memorial from the Soeiety of Friends
in Indiana, praying for the repeal of tbe fu
gitive elave law. Objections having boon
made, he moved to suspend the rules to enable
him to submit his instructions, and te intro
duce a bill repealing the law, which was ne
gatived by a majority of 119 to 68.
After further business the House adjourned k
till to-morrow.
IN SENATE Jas.7.
Mr. Feleh from the Committee on Pablie
Lande reported back the joint resolution of the
House which declares that the Bounty Land
given by the set of last session to soldiers aad
others, shall be assignable before location, with
a recommendation that it do not pass.
Mr. Yulee introducede bill granting land ta
, Florida to aid in the construction of a rail
• road from the Atlantic to tho Golf of Mexico.
Mr. Bradbury’s resolution concerning re
movals from office wes again taken up.
Mr. Ewing addressed tbe Senate indolence
I of tho removal of Colonel Weller and Gon
■ oral Lane. The canoe for tho removal es Ce
r lonel Weller was stated to be among ethers,
his intemperate habits unfitting him for tho
discharge of his duties; aad his being a de
faulter in the State of Ohio.
t Mr- Cass and Mr. Bradbury replied,
i Mr. Downs alluded to some removals in
t New Orleans. After which tho Senate ad
. adjourned.
nntTsr
HOUSE.
Immediately after the reading of the journal
this morning, Mr. Julian, of Indiana, moved
for leave to amend the entry made therein,
relative io the aaemeri-il from a society es
Friend* ia Indiana, which was the sabjevt of
discussion yesterday, by the adding ward* "and
to refer the earns to a committee, with inatruo
tion* to prepare a bill in conformity with lira
prayer us the memorial,”
Some discussion ensued, but tbe motion of
Mr. Julian te amend the journal* wee ulti
mately negatived without a uivision.
Mr. Potter, of Obi , made an ineffectual at
tempt te get the House into a eommitlee of tbe
who a on the state of the Union, for tbe per
peee es taking up the cheap peerage bill, which
under tbe two hours' rale tuai wae adapted on
Saturday, must be decided tho next time it
coins* tip fer discussion.
Mr. Slana of Pen., chairman es the com
mittee on elec'ions, moved a privilege ques
tion, and the House took up the Now Hamp
shire contested election.
After four speeches, the hour for adjourn
ment having arrived, the House adjourned till
to-morrow.
IN 8 ENATE Jan. 8.
Mr. Pratt presented tbe memorial of ever
one thousand merchant* and ether* of Balti
more praying tbe eatablishment es a fine of
mail steamer* to ply between Baltimore, vis
Norfolk, and some port in England. Referred
to the committeeon post office* aed peat roads.
The Chnir laid before tbe Senate a cent
tnunicauen from the War Department, with
a statement of the contracts and purchase* of
tbi»t department fur 1850.
A large number of petitions and memorials
, were presented, and a number of bill* intro
duced.
Mr Underwood moved te take up'he joint
resolution from th* House, authorizing th* as
signment of warrnts under the the reeeut law
of Congress. After debate, tbe motion wae
to be renewed to-merrow.
The Senate then took up the bill to provide
for tbe settlement of private laud claims in Cal
ifornia and Mr. Gwin addr»*»ed tbe Seriate
over two hours in defence of hi* bill.
Mr. Benton commenced a reply, but gave
i way to ibe mu ten te adjourn.
And the Senate then adjourned.
HOUSE.
Mr. Badey, from Va., chairman es the eom
, mittee, reported bills of appropriation for the
support of the Military Academy, navy end
, other pensions, and the currant and incidental
, expenses of the Indian and Post Office De
, partments, and moved that it be made the
, -p octal order to lake them up to-morrow, and
i that they be printed.
Mr Phelps, of Missouri, and Mr. Matteses,
I of Now York, moved that the amendeeeffiM
, which they proposed to the eheap postag* bill
. oenrinted far tho use of the House.
, Several bills were read a first and second
, lima, and referred to appropriate committees.
, Among others was on* authorising rarant* of
f land in thu State of Maine in *d er the St.
. Lawrenee and Atlantic Railroad.
Mr. Staunton, of Kentucky, moved th£ ae
a this is the aaaiversary es tho belt** es gpjF