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SPEECH OP HO*. H. TOOMBS,
. or oeohou.
Mb. Piumidint and Galium :—I oongratu
»*.« rou turn tne psrucilar Un'y aligned to me
N*» boon no troll—«o «nuo i better than I could
nave performed it—performed b, another. In Il
lustrating the virtues and pol.cy 01' Washington,
oar diitinguished l'; .end, Mr. Critteuden, to whom
yon and 1 and all of na liatened with ao much
pleaaure ha* nearly exhanatedtbo particular branch
of too subject wmch wo* a signed to myself. But
*ir, inspired by the example of some of iny friends,
lipon »uo!i an oocaaion, calling for the American
fee iug of all of us, 1 will Oder tone suggestion*
■pun which ergtimenU may be bu.lt. 1 will no
otter to this enlightened assembly argument* in
faror of thl* policy of Washington. It* wisdom i»
vindicated by Ua results. Liberty, peace, prospsri
ty and national greatness are itelruiu. 1. am con
tent to follow where lie lead*. I am content to
giv; full etfect to the principle* and policy of hi*
Firewall Address, that great legacy which he ha*
left to hi* countrymen and to mankind, aolelv for
the reason* upon which he baaed them, [ureal
cheering.] 1 *ay that 1 heartily approve 'die sen
timent contained in the toast you have just read,
both upon antho-ity and principle. It wa* an
nounced and practic d upon by the Father of hi*
Co intry, wnom ndelig it* u* all *o much to honor.
It is dollied in the terse, vigorous, and oonciae
language of one oft ic most illustrious of Ameri
can statesmen, who embodied the popular voice
of America in the Declaration of American Inde
pendence. It contains the corner-stone of Amor
ce'* foreign policy—the wisdom of Washington
clothed in the language of Jeffornon. Amid all
the .-onfliot* of party, al< the change* of foreign
and domestic policy to which we liave boen subject,
this ha* hitherto escaped innovation. It ha* boen
•trietly and firmly pursued by all parties and every
alinlni**ration. It has not only never been de
parted from, but it never ha* been assailed until
. within the last few month* : and then it is worthy
of remetnbranoe, and from the bottom of my
heart 1 rejoice in the ihet, that this first as
sault. upon the doctrine of Washington wa*
not by *n American. [Great oheering.j It was
by an European who seek* to aednoe yon from
the policy of the Father of hi* Country. [Renew
ed cheering.] He can have no response from an
Americtn heart. [Loud and prolonged cheering.)
Bir, this principle had heoome an axiom in Ameri
can politioi. No min controverted it. No man
disputed it. All America assented and mankind
approved. [Cheer*.] It remained for the chief
or an unsuooessful revolution, who abandoned the
cause it was hi* doty to die for, to make this as
sault. [Great oheering.j The chief of a great
revolution cannot afford to survive it* defeet.
[More cheering.] He who assumes the high trust
of overturning a Government and establishing
the liberties of a people stand* pledged to main
kind for »uooc**o’rthe grave. [Renewed cheering.]
He cannot redeem himself or til* country by the
pcuoe or the generous sympathy of foreign conn
trie*. The work 1* too great for auch means as
them. The regeneration of a nation must be her
own work. [Tremendous cheering for some mo
ments.]
Sir, lup prove of Washington’s policy, first, be
cause it i» tils policy ; and, socondly, bocaase it is
sound policy, a true policvj a just policy. Its
soundness, ft* truth, its justioo, are vindicated by
our own experience of sixty years. We have pros
pered. We have risen from a small and Inconsid
erable {lower, or, you may say, from no power at all
t O tlie position of on* of the first powers of the
wold. N either this policy of enre, nor it* antag
onist, i* fully defined hy the terms “intervention
and non intervention.” Washington’s policy wa*
• wise, and enlightened and comprehensive policy.
Hi* object was that to which his whole life had
been devoted, to protect and to [lerpetaato the lib
erty and independence of hit eonniry. The spo
ol U danger* against which warned (ds country
men wore “political connection" with European
Governments, “implicating ourselves by artificial
tie* lu the ordinary vieDsiiude* of her politic*, or
the ordinary combinations and collisions of her
friendship* and enmlt es," quitting “our own to
stand on forego ground,” “interweaving our des
tiny with tnat of any part of Europe," “entan
gling our peace and prosperity in the toil* of Eu
ropean amhltion, rivulshlp, interest, humor or ca
price," subjecting “the will and policv" of tliiv
country “to the will aud policy” of otuar coun
tries- He negatives the reasoning a* well as the
ftuil of t-ntm'ding our connt-y In European politic*.
Hi* jtrgU'iien'. answers all the plausible fallacies in
favor of a crusade for pulling down despotism* or
buildi'lg up republics; and assert* dearly and
distinctly «*r duty to act Justly and impartially to
wards till nations, no matter what may be their
form of goveiume*:—.towards all belligerents, no
matter w.iat may b* tbojf cause of quarrol. He
sought to plao* hi* country in a position whore,
naituer entangled by foreign idliiuicas nor ooi,ii:ro
mitted with foreign polities or interest, rbe might
on all occasion* and in every emergency, freely
Adopt that policy which might lie heat ca’ctilated to
protect W own r ght*, maintain her own Interests,
uud {(Vu note Iterowu happiness. If it bo ueesssa
. vy-io sccaru .hese rrout Bods, to Interfere In the
affairs of ol.c-r melons, tl>*n it is not only our
right but luriiuiy j lute'"re. [Applause,] But
that Imct’crtmee must m,. bp a* ua li tt nni-.ldler in
the affair* of others, but a* * puffy wjth rights to
assert -nd Interests to muintaiß. fltimuwad 8B-
I have said this was Americtn policy. 'I
consider it no email honor to my oonntry tnat it is
so. 1 have shown its American origin. I have
shown you the position of American statesmen.
History will tel! you of it* antagonism to the di
plora tov of the Old World. It was a policy that
they did not practice—above and beyond ait their
miserable aetiem-'s of overreaohing each other, all
their se fish combinations for personal and fuinUv
aggrandisement at the oost of justice and of right.
It w i* based upon the great principle that, while it
w.iv the duty or Amerieau statesmen to direct it*
fore'o-j policy properly, with reference to the inter
ests, uoiior, safety aud right* of Atp*»b*. [cheers,]
yet that its fundamental principle wus Impartiality
and justice to all the nations of the earth. This
wa* t ie new testament of diplomacy which the
New offend to the Old World. [Great appluus*.]
1 have told yon that our experience for sixty
rears hasiilqstrutsd this polloy, and mark you ray
.Viands, we lieve had experience on both sides ;
we have had experience in intervention and en
tangling alliance*, of binding our policy to Euro
pean policy, and Washington struggled through
the whole course of his administration, tied down
and r*-'rioted by the contract wo had entered into,
in the darkest perils of our revolution. It wo* the
price of National Independence; it oamo near
strangling its own offspring. •
The French treaty wa* the most difflsnjt ques
tion of Washington's administration. Hi* great
straggle wa- to preserve the faith of the country
aud tie safety ortho oountry. They would havo
been lucomputible in any other hands than his
own.
It waa in the year 1708 that the Congress of the
U.State* determined to strike the treaty of 1778
from our statute book; to cut the knot they could
not untie, sad to disentangle America from Euro
pean alliances. [Applause.] This U e groat fact
in our foreign policy. By the treaty of 1778, yre
entered Into mi alliance offensive and defensive
with Franoe; we guarantlad her West Indian dos
sessiotis. Bhe went to war with England, these
pos.essione became endangered; she demanded
toe guaranty ; compliance became impossible,
avl- bout national ruin; therefore, acting on the
grea principle of *iliu populi, the Congress of the
Li. citato* repealed the trea’y, and stood upon the
grouu lof war or delivorano*. That was ins only
way left us to rid ourselves of the embarrassments
ooca.Umed by the violation ofthis policy of Wash
ington.
This is a memorable case in pur annals, and
American statesmen shonlJ lay it to heart,. Itillus
tratos the danger*, both of “entangling alliance*’’
and propagai.di*iu, Wa with groat difficulty es
cape 1 a war with all Europe on an account of the
former; our ancient ally lost her llbities on ao
ootikit of the latter. Franoe became the patron of
this dootrine of intervention. She had ovui turned
the monarchy, and brought the head of the descen
dant of tit. Louis to the block. Site had swept
awav the abuse* of ten centime* ; she had estab
lished “ Liberty. Equality, and Fraternity.” Nd
content witn that, she determined these groat ble»-
si ugs, n* elio esteemed them, aud a* you esteemed
them, should be enjoyed by the whole human
race. She proposed a crusade against nil mon
archies aud despotism* on the earth; and wliut
was the result 1 Why, in trying to take care of
other people's liberties, she lost her own. [Ap
plause.] The Dlrsotory of this Government,
of tni* Republio, a* It was termed, called us
to join ua tide crusade for the liberties of
inntiVmd. I believe that is what we are asked to
do now.
Well, it was then asked with far bettor claim* to
lkvortblu ooneiderutUn tbnu now. because you had
agreed to defend France against her enemies ; you
acknowledged the obligation of the treaty; you
agi eed to aid Iter iu maintaining her West Indian
possessions. Knglaud, ourold enemy, bed already
matched mem. She said, “We have i free coun
try, aud you have a free country." “ The despots
ot' Europe are against yen anil us. Como, now,
uuite with us on thin groat prinoiple, and wo will
overturn monarchies and establish Republics.”
It was well lor our liberties—for the present and
unborn generation*—that the chair of tile Ameri
can Preside..* ■ was filled by the Father ot hi*
Country. ' Great cheering.! You had then, too,
foreign" emissaries here. Cjtixen Genet was here.
too up 'cido. 1 from ttie Government to the poo
pie. He told them, “In the days of yogi- weakness
a o i called upon us, and wa defended von upon
condition Hint you were to dcfaucl us also. Re
deem tla* pledge, and strike with ns for the down
trodden masses of Europe.” \Vashiligton aud the
American Congress aud people, guided by the
truest wisdom and the soundest policy, roused to
trusl our righ s aud liberties to so dreadful a hazard.
Sir. we . ive had many other occasions to try
this doctrine siucc thl* Government was establish
ed, bt'ton *"J of >: c ii we ’ ave been wise enough
teprae ice t a preeupi* of Washington. We have
had two European viis. Eu ! believe we have
had >o pro\ A* against other nation* iimnagiug their
affairs to suit, tlieinsolves. Those wars were iu de
fence of AmetiPon rights and American interests,
and not of the rights aud interest* of any other
people. [Applause.] The first wur waa to main
tain our iu ie{>endcueo,. the second was to main
tain our rights as au iucippeudent nation. [Ap
plause.] The first war wu* to maintain the fact of
independence; the second wa* Jo maintain tlie In
cidents of indjwndeuoe. Since #’f got rid of the
French tr.-uty, iu 17v8, by the courage, magnanimi
ty, aa»l boldness of tlie American Congress; from
that dav to this we h»ve bean freed rtvw that grf at
danger wtucU Washington warned as against—
entangtiug allisnoee in European polities. Nobody ,
tiue nas advocated making anv more suoli. Wo
supposed we had this point settled, until we sent
to Turkov at tlie national expense and brought
over a briiiiaut orator —an exile from hia own coun
try. with magnificent genius, and more than orien
tal fancy—to lead tjie opponents of this great
American policy. He eavs tliat this principle waa
■well ensngh in Washington’* time, but not now;
that our owvum-tance* have changed; and, with
more ingvnui'v than ft>roe. urge* that ffit be yet
apolieaMe, hie" ooiicy maintain* it. 'a he desire*
intervention tor the "sake of ni n-interv* ntion. 1
honor any rasa earnestly engaged *n * . cause of
hi* country, and bean tcordon bis fkllacies as far
w they ought to be pardoned, though 01 course 1
cannot approve ot them. With these seotymenta,
I beg to offer a few suggestion* on those twe pro
jection* of the great Magyar and hi* converts ami
adherents iu this couutry. *
Sir, Washington foresaw and atiewered the first
of these objections in advance. He predicted the
present strength and power of the country, and he
cheered and animated his countrymen" to stand
firm, and resist the temptation in the day of
their weakness to depart from their principle*,
with Use assurance that their increased power would
toon pUcc them beyond the necessity for such
treacherous aids. He knew that when we were
weak from colonial dependence, we had to saori
fiee them to France —to sacrifice them for the
•afere oftbeeoußtrv. He longed for the advent
of tluit dav when Atunjo* should be strong enough
to maiutain her own t-o« policy against the world,
[applause:] and iu that raMWell Address he tells
TOO that if yon will be united, **rff adhere to hon
i»tv and jnstke, the t>rae will eeeM when other
nations will not readily interfere with you in
agse.’ting this great doctrine of oeutruWy, |pd
that we may choose peace or war, aa our ia
terest. by justioe, a hail ueuuael.” [Ap
plEise.i
The other objection ia that you mnst intervene
for tlie sake ot" non-in’ervention. Thia fallacy ha*
been bappilv iUna.frated and exposed by my distin
guished judicial fr.cnd, Judge Weyne. Sir, it
amounts to thia: that Intervention U a wrong, and
therefore you mnst do another wrong to eradicate
Act wrong; or, to put it atili more stronglv, that
because other nations commit * wrong—not to ue,
but to others—we must turn knigbt-gmuit, imitate
the knight of La Mancha, and travel And down
the world, revenging or righting the wrong* w *“
injured nation*. Thia ia the whole arnnMU.
[Applanse.] Again, it ia eaid by tMa distinguUh
ed fore gner that the interveuti m of one nation in
the affaire of other nations la apainat the laws of
nations. Sir, I deny it. I want to know where the
nathortty i*. Where are the law* of nation* gath
ered from 1 I say that it ia not against the Uwa of
natiou* for on* nation to Interfere with the adjure
«f another. The laws of nations ia not th*a laid
down by any of tho approved publicists; it ianot
conformable"to the judgment, the history, andprao-
Hoe of makind. I shall not mar your feativitie* by
quotiitiona from their authors, nor from ancient or
gnodern will content myeelf with the
giiaUment that they all affirm a oontrery doctrine,
and that it has boon uniformly held to be a mere
{uestion of policy for every nation to determine for
itself whether it shall interfere in the quarrels of
other nations or tot. Did not France and Spain
interfere in the quarrel yon made with England ?
And now you are called upon to fight Russia for
doing the same thing. If thl* new doctrine come*
to any thing, to that complexion it mast come at
last. ‘ It fa true France and Spain interfered on the
sale of liberty—not that they oared for liberty. It
i* not to be supposed that the Bourbon* of France
interfered with you to promote liberty and arepub
■ie. or that Spain, nnder another branch of the
Bourbon*, in ter'"'■red for that purpose. Tueir right
to interfere wa* never di*p:ted;the policy : we
greetiy questioned; it certainiv added nothing to
ihe*tab ity oi’the throne of Loni* XVI. They
wanted 'o horrible an ancient foe. We availed our
selves of that hostility to aid oar own cause and
ourown oountry against England. They aided n»;
we triumphed, and establish' d liberty in this coun
try. [Applause.] Let me add another word at
this point. Thi* ia a strange time to assort this
new doctrine. It we* permitted to slumber on an
'iccasion that might well hare called forth all the
euthnsiasm of it* present edvocate*. Russia, be it
remembered, lias been our ancient friend and allv.
!t i* a mistake to suppose that similarity of insti
tutions mske national friendship. It is more often
the occasion of discord and rivalahip than of frind
ship. The history of ancient as well as of modern
time attests this fart. The first case which arose
out of the recent rovolui ion* in Europe, in which
one nation intervened to crash the liberties of
another, waa remarkable on several account*: first
for ita great and unnatural enormity, and Mill mote
from the fact that it seems to have escaped the vi
ri lance of those guardians of the rights of mankind.
The French, who had overturned the throne of
Louis Philippe, who bad declared the equality of
the human race—morally and politically—signaliz
ed tho recovery of their own liliertv by marching
an army into Italy, crushing a republic, and restor
ing a despotism. Itia true that they have been
visited by a sudden and righteous retribution. It
ia true that they have not only lost their own liber
ties, but in a manner that makes them tlie sooff
and soorn of despots and freemen throughout the
world. [Loud cneeni.j It is true that this great
national crime provoked the speedy justice of
Heaven, but it extorted no word ot condemnation,
not even a prote*t, from this new school of Ameri
can publicists. It i* true we have been told, in
these lMter days, that it is time We had an “Ameri
can Policy.” if we intended to change our policy,
the time to do it was when a republican Govern
ment, established hy universal suffrage, marched
an army to overthrow the Roman Republio—when
the French army restored Pins the Ninth. That
was the time to denounce these thunder* of inter
vention. [Great cheering.] 1 believe there was
not t man on the North American continent who
then declared himself in favor of it. Why? Let
me tell you. The reason give* me pain, and makes
me blush for some of my countrymen; but it is tlie
true reason, and therefore fitting to be told. It
wa* not because the case was riot a good one; there
could be no cavilling on thi* point. A powerful
repablie, without the pretence of a provocation,
marohe* a great army into the territory of a sister
republic, not to repress civil war, for her indepen
dence was a feet accomplished—she hud already
emancipated herself from tho worst despotism
which had been seen in Europe for ten centuries
—but for the purpose of crushing that republic and
restoring that despotism. There was this marked
difference in the cases : it was an ft to denounce
Austria and Russia—indeed, it was more than safe
—it promised to be a profitable political investment;
there was hardly a chance that it could cost a poli
tical tracer a single vote. On the other hand, it
wa* not safe to donounce Pius the Ninth. A very
nnmerous and respectable body of our fellow-citi
zens, both native and adopted, from religious sen
tiinen’s, deeply sympathized with him. Theadvo
oate of intervention wanted the votes of these good
citizens; therefore they looked on thi* great out
rage with silence. If not with indifference. If they
were nos bliqd, they were dumb: [Apllausc.]
There woe not a word said about this grital princi
ple then. Wa heard nothing then üboat interven
tion in behalf of liberty in Europe. Ido not be
live a resolution on the subject was even introduc
ed into the Senate. [ I.aughtcr.] There was no re
solution introduced there, then, saying that the
French Republic had violated the great principles
of public law by overthrowing the Roman Repub
lic and reinstating the Pope. Ido not say it ought
to have been Introduced ; on tlie contrary, I say it
ought not to have been. But it this policy is right
towards Austria, it is right towards Rome ; but it
is ail wrong, whether applied to Rome of Austria.
It is a dangerous departure from the established
policy of our country. Its advooates have aban
doned these established principles, forgotten the
advice of Washington, and gone astray after strange
gods. [G reat cheering. 1
Oentlemah, I fear I have trespassed too long
unpu your patience. [Cries of “go on.”] 1 Bpeuk
plainly, “f speftk whut you do know;” although
many of yoq would not like to tter it, [< 'beers,]
There Is nuotber reason why the advice or Wash
ington should be followed." It is your theory, I
believe, thut all men are capable of wise self-gov
ernment. The events in Europe for tlie last three
years have not strengthened the universality of
this truth. T ough this may he universally true,
it does not follow even tliat a people who tire capa
ble of governing themselves are capable ofgovern
ing other people and other nations; indeed, the
conveiseoft!!* ppuposjtioq msy he safely stated as
an equally universal truth. There ure infinite dif
ficulties which arise from one oountrv’s underta
king to interfere with the institutions" of another
couutry. We know the difficulty in our own coun
try of settling on the proper and true principles
of our internal policy. 1 appeal to all of you, I ap
peal to Hi* efetjts of the lust two years, to answer
me whether, if the internal polto.v uven of the sev
eral States ofthis Union was left to be determined
upon bv the unrestrained will of the Representa
tives oi’the whole country, this Government could
stand one day? If you say it can stand a day, I
answer yon that it ought not to stand #n hour.
[Qreat cheering.] Every day’s experience teaches
us that wo owe peace, "our "prosperity, and even
safety, tq lha sojisjitutional incapacity "of tlie Fed
eral Government to pegnlaty or control the internal
affairs of the separate (jtiites. This is our only
safety. In view ofthis great fiict, this policy of
Wusnington speaks to us trumpet tongued, with
ten-fold power. If wo cannot manage the local in
stitutions of our own seperute States safely through
the General Government, how can we manage the
institutions of othert with different languages,
feelings, nnd institutions ; with no common re
membiWffs of the past, no common, glorv, no
ooiomun literature, no ppmmon history, no‘com
mon Bunker Hill, and no cptmnen Yorklown?
[Great ohbrring.] Away with vnip thoories ! Let
us hold fast to that wliicn iti proven—the wisdom
ot tho peat, We have a greet trust committed to
onr hands. Let bs not he unfaithful t 6 it, Lot us
presorvo, proteot and defend our own country and
her insitutions, and leuve those of other nations
to themselves and to God—with abiding faith in
tho great truth that it is their safest depository,
and tliat nations who desire to be free have onlv
to will it. [Loud and long-continued cheering.]
firm ih* Intelligencer.
Recollections of the Grand Exhibition,
LETTER SIXTH.
Washington, Feb. 28, 1852.
Sir: Perhaps one of the most inqtortunt ques
tions necessarily arising out of the Exhibition was,
as to wtiat extent any one oountry was to continue
In the future to enjoy the monopoly jn producing
certain staple commodities. This question, of no
hioantidarable interest when it concerned tlie arti
cles of tea, sugar, tobacco, opium, rice, and cochi
neal, became of exceeding importance when ap
plied to the future production of cotton, at the pre
sent time, when regarded in all its bearings, per
haps the most intrinsically valuable raw material
in tl;e world. To Grant Britain and all the other
manufacturing ppuutries of Europe, this question
wasof hardly less importance than to the U. States,
since, while to v.R the rise and fall of {trices In cot
ton become the index of all other trade, tq them it
is tho sout co from which a great portion of their
industry derives its life. ,
Those who are not in the habit of reading trade
list* will haye acute idea of the importance of the
cotton orop to the English mamitkctnrere alone,
from the tact that wo export to England oyery year
a quantity of cotton varying from a million"nhd a
quarter to a million and a half of bales, enoh bale
weighing not far from 800 poiinds; oonsequentiy,
even tit tho lowest estimate, the annual business
between us in cotton alone exceeds the enormous
quantity of four hundred nnd seventy millions of
pounds. As this export iB constantly increasing,
ami every year making Europe more dependant
upon us os producers, and we more dependant
upon Europe as oqr great market, the question in
regard to tlie continuity ofthis trade becomes one
of vital importance both to us aud to our purchasers,
To show what relation the cotton of other countries
bears to ours, and what prospects were apparent
at the Exhibition in regard to any snccsssniTcom
petition on their parts with us, \vas our purpose in
viow iu the examination intide in thia department
of raw material.
Tue samples of cotton from tho U. States were
thirteen, embracing specimens from five different
slates, vn: South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mis
eiseippi aud Tennessee, The exhibitors were, J.
Popo, Memphis, Tennessee; S. Bond, Memphis,
Tennessee :\Y.ule Hampton, South Carolina; W.
Seabrook, south Carolina: J, B, Meriwether, Mont
gomery. Alabama; J. Nuilor, Viaksburgh, Missis
sippi ;G. L. Holmes, Memphis, Tennessee; Daniel
Luke. Memphis, Tennessee ;J. R. Jones. Colum
bus, Goor.-ia; J. V. Jones, Six Oaks, Georgia, Eli
Rajuer, Mississippi; J. L. Morgan, Alabama:
Tru.idalu, Jacobs .t: Co., a euse exhibiting several
samples of various grades. New York, and G. L.
Mitchell, Vieksburgh, Mississippi. Os these, eleven
were full bales, eguibitrag the style of bagging and
luo manner of packing tne cotton lbrmarket. They
were all, without exception, first rate specimens pf
tho various kinds of cotton raised ip the stales, and
showed, not what could be earotiilly culled aud
prepared os a museum sample, but just what was
the article raised on tne plantation.
In distinguishing the actual value of the several
bales, it was next to impossible for tho most expe
rienced broker to determine exactly the grade
which each should occupy, sinoo, while every kind
of these cotton* was known in market tlie quality
iu the bale was superior to the same quality in the
market. The cotton of J. R, Jones, of Columbus,
Ua., a cotton raised on his plantation in Alabama,
was beautifully flue, soft and silky. It had been
prepared with gre l care, and told’ well for the pro
cess of cultivation tie had adopted. The game may
be said of Mr. Meriwether’s cotton, of Montgomery,
Alabama. It was soft, strong, tine, of good color,
well handled and iu excellent condition. That of
tlie Hoc. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina, was
very similar to Mr. Meriwether’s bearing so strong
resemblance jn sjlkiness, softness, fineness oi sta
ple, aud pure color tq that, that it was believed bv
many brokers who examined jt tp have been raised
in tne same neighborhood.
VY. Seabrook, Esq., of South Caro ina, exhibited
sea isla :d ootton in ogle and a small sample ungin
ned. To* character of his cotton is well known in
the European marker*, and hi* exports are largely
in demand. The bale shown ut th« Exhibition tudv
sustained the reputation of this unsurpassed pro
duction. Tne seed, 1 nia\ here remark, was an nb
jnot of muoh inquiry. There have been such ex
periments made upon the island cotton seed within
the last year, in extracting its oil and using the re
sidura for fodder, as to show that, if it can be as
forded at a price low enough, the whole seed of the
prop, now mainly useless, will come into eousump
t?of» for these purposes. 1 directed several letters
to South Carolina, calling the attention of growers
of the Sea island crop to this subject.
jh* specimens frqm Tennessee were all highly
creditable to the exhibitors, The cotton of Mr. D.
Lake was of* beautiful oolor and careftilly prepar
ed ; that of Mr. Hatpin:! Bond soft, strong m staple,
and well ginned; that of Mr. J. Pope fine, silky,
and judiciously haudleil \ tjutl of Mr. G. L. Holmes
perfectly ripe, white, soft and even. Indeed, all
these cottons were as good a* could be desired,
both se regards the quantity of the staple or its
mode of preparation.
The ootton of J. Nailor, of Vicksburg, was of a
very superior quality, combining, with u fine and
soft, an : unusually long staple, and prepared most
perfectly forth* market.
The cotton of Ell Kavaer, though delayed long in
arriving ut the Exhibition, aud thus losing the first
examination of the jury, was of a pure white color,
gilky aud admirably ginned.
y y. Jones, ofb’ix Oaks, Georgia, exhibited a
tahr.p*e of H new kind of upland cotton, called the
Jethro ootton. übich excited much attention. It
bus mgny pf the" ccwafteristics of the finest Sea
island cotton —soft silky, loog staple, fine, pure,
and ot rich color. Should this ootzOn Lscouie gen
erally grown, it will become a’ tavdrite article wixh
the manufacturers of ttu* highest class of goods'.
Upon looking at the other *cfnples of cdtton in
the Exhibition, one impression u«V*r the mind,
and that waa, that th* culture of all cottons other
than ours is slovenly conducted. Wherever she
specimen came from, India, Egypt. South America,
or Spain, even when the ootton Tookpd well," there
evidently been a lack of ear* either j ft planting,
eat baring, ginnin?. pecking, or fiuisb,ng, wbreE
was of uraidhju injury to its character. Tuere was
an excellent kttljl *£ ne * attributed from British
Union a, showing that ffpod cotton might be pro
duead there; but it la<>s* qjlMttitv, from which
alone a fair estimate can be m*«*. .From Jamaica
a good Sea island cotton wa* exhibited, tpEjch waa
billy cut in gfuptug; and from Barbadoes a E'iff
Orleans ootton, strong, fine, ato »>i*y, but badly
•olcrad*
The Pott Natal cottons were specimen* Os how a
good article can be utterly ruined in preparation.—
As a whole, the Aftiaao ootton* reeawbl* oar* ip
staple, oolor, and foaling for more than the Asiatic;
but they w ere, w ithout exception, badly managed
aud carelessly packed. The Egyptian cottons did
not appear to much advantage; two or three bale*
were shown below the ordinary average. The fibre
is good, the step c fine and long, and the color fair;
but it is in m wt cases very badly handled, and far
from being dean. The series from Turkey wo*
tolerably extensive, but it included no great variety
—the samples were small, and the character was
of that short, crispy, and irregular fibre, which
rendered it useless for any but the poorest fabrics.
I era sent one sample of nphind cotton, very
neatly resembling tne Mississippi. Jt is said to be
easily cultivated there, and that with proper atton
tiqn. the whole quantity raised may be os good as
this. China showed several smalt bales of a most in
different quality though the preparation like every
thing from the hands of that painstaking, peo
ple, was admirable. Spain sent samples from
her irrigated lands and Algiers some of the same
kind the seed having been obtained from Bar
j"*’ , both we r e “ rst ’ unfit f° T the spinner,
and gisid for nothing in tLe market, nnles* it
might be twisted into candle wicking. Some spe
cimens t orn Portugal were inferior to those of
zspain.
The series of cottons in the East India collection
were iu fact the only cottons in Exhibition which
an American would be likely to examine with anv
degree of interest. From ‘no other part of the
world is it probable tliat any amonnt of cotton will
ever be supplied to the European market sufficient
to come directly and sensibly into competition with
the produce of our Southern States, and, after the
conflicting statements which have been made in
reference to the growth of market cotton in the
English East India possessions, 1 was anxions to
witness for myself just what progress had been
made up to the present time, and what prospects
were fairly opined for the future. Thi; I was ena
bled to do at the Exhibition better even than by a
personal inspection of the Indian plantations thein
selvos, since it had been the purpose of the East
India Company, as I very well knew, to exhibit in
a great variety of specimens a fair exponent of the
ootton industry of the East. •
The East Indin samples might have been divided
into three series, namely, the indigenioc* cottons,
the introduced of foreign cottons, and the improved
cottons. These last were evidently a cross be
tween the first two, bearing strong" resemblances
to each, and forming the best results of innum
berable experiments and extraordinary care.
The indigenous cottons are all short staole.
They lack the sllkiness, lustre, and softness of the
Barbadoes or Sea islands variety, and the puritv,
color, and elasticity of the Upland cotton. Theseries
of these indigenous cottons wa* very large. Thoy
presented everv variety of appearance, from the
»tyle in which they were brought to tho Calcutta
market fifty years ago, to the most improved man
ner of cleaning, ginning, and packing introduced
by the company. In all of them, in each particu
lar sample, when examined with care, one impres
sion was made upon the mine, and that was of
carelessness in its preparation. Ido not recall the
number of samples presented, but there was not
one among them all which furnishee an exception
to this impression.
There was injury to one sample from overripe
ness, to another from careless picking, to a third
froin exposure to the wcatfter. to a fourth from bad
packing, and so on to tho end of the series, in
fact every thing would seem to be dune which is
likely to injure the fibre and depreciate its value,
and, alter observing the wretched condition of
these cottons, I could not but turn with wonder to
the beautiful products of the looms of Decca, and
ask whether it was possible that the people who
were able to manufacture from cotton sueh beau
tjfnliy fine fabrics—to which the name of “ woven
air” seems to be hardly inappropriate— <*in also be
so marvellously careless and slovenlv in the pre
poration of the cotton itself? There are quite a
number of varieties of this indigenous cotton,
some of courtse greatly surpassing others in
natnral qualities, but there were none which
were presented for exhibition whose merit*
under any kind of cultivation, or anv ex
tent of care, would ever demand for them a" good
price or a ready sale in the market.
The introduced cottons formed the second series
ottlie East India exhibition. By these I mean
those cottons which have been "introduced into
India from the United States and other countries,
not only with the object of encouraging the pro
duction of so important a substance in the British
empire, hut with a view of rendering them less
dependent upon us for so necessary a‘commodity.
It is ncurly thirty years since the company first had
this subject iD view, and it is quite twelve years
during which they have given to it a degree of
attention, energy, nnd capital that few articles of
natural production have ever received. The sam
ples ofthis introduced cotton exhibited were of
course the very best that could bo produced. The
object was to shew to all doubters and inquirers
that us maid ootton could be grown in India and
furnished to the English market ns that which is
imported thence sewn the United States; and of
course nothing of pains or expense was spared to
produce the desired end.
That an entirely different one was produced it
was nec ss iry only to consult the opinion of any
experienced cotton broker to know. In the first
place, and according to the statements of the com
pany itself,the attempt to introduce the long staple
orSee-isJatid cotton into India liiir resulted in a total
failure. It will not grow there in any perfection.
Its silky qualities disappear after two "or three suc
cessive crops; nnd that which renders it the choice
material for the most beautiful .fabrics of Brussels
aud l’tiris, its snsccntibility to being drawn into
the minutest thread, is entirely lost. In tho se
cond place, the short staple cotton, of tho New Or
leans and Upland varieties, though retaining its
original constituents in a greater degree, still seems
to me to be a very dubious crop for India. Evi
dently nil of these samples had been judiciously
cultivated, carefully picked, attentively paoked, and
to n cursory observer they presented" points of full
equality to the American. But such they do not
sustain either to the sample broker or tlie manu
facturer. The staple is of fair length, but it is
eoarse, crist >y and seems to hick vitality. It would
spin budlv in mules used for other cotton, nnd is,
in short, entirely another thing in natnre by its
chance of soil.
The improved cottons of India are entirely the
result of careful experiment. They include tlie
best varieties of Java and Borneo cottons, and the
Arabian and Chinese. They have been selected
with a view to the improvement of native cottons
bv the most careful management anil upon "tlie
richest soils. In thi* case the samples in the Ex
hibition did not consist of mere experimental pro
ducts, but of the regular crops from the Govern
ment farms, sent over during the last four years—
portions taken as tlie hest epeoimons from some
hundreds of bales lately received and manufac
tured in Manchester. This cotton wus of a good
sound fibre, but very short in staple. It had been
woll cultivated, carefully picked, thoroughly clean
ed, and looked liko a marketable article. For
many purposes it will answer well, nnd will meet
with a ready sale. It ia now the favorite cotton of
the Eaßt Indian Company, and their endeavors to
supply the market will prpbnbly he directed to
ward this alone i’pr the ftiture. It is not a cotton,
however to take the place of anv of ours. It will
never enter into competition with them. It is an
article so widely different, especially in that most
important cloinent, tho length of staple, that it
must forcvor occupy by itself a distinct nnd inde
pendent ground.
From what I have said, my convictions must be
apparent to the reader that "the cottons raised in
the Fast can never successfully rival thoßc which
are the great staple of the South. The reasons fbr
this are undoubtedly to be found in the differences
of the soil of tho two parts of the world. To the
effects produced by ol mate, although they are
doubtless considerable, 1 do not attach so "much
weight. But to the total nulikencss of soil, shown
not in appearance but by chemical analysis, the un
likeness of the United Stntes nnd the" East India
cottons is to bo attributed. The soil in tho former,
especially the soil in which the finest long staple
cotton is grown, is black sandv, but rich in de
caying organic matter; the soil of the latter is also
black, but is a enlcnreons clayey soil, the debris of
volcanic rocks. Though both "black in color, tho
two soils are entirely different in chemical and
physical characters. Tho one is rich inorganic de
cayed matter, tho other almost sterile from its
want. The climates indeed widely differ, and bv
that difference produco their appropriate effects.
Bnt the soils, were the climates the same, the black
soil of India nnd the black soil of tho United States,
so long supposed to be idontital, sre too widely
different to produce the same results, and bv their
opposite natures sufficiently acoount for the de
terioration of the transplanted cotton plant.
I am, respoctftilly, yours, N. 8. Dodge,
Secretary U. 8. Commleßion.
Hon, J, C. G. Kennedy,
Loss of tho Clay Medal.
The splendid gold medal which was recently
presented to the lion. Henry Clay, by a number of
oitizens of New York, in testimony of their admi
ration for bis great public services, is said to have
been lost in New York on Saturday evening. The
following authentic statement will explain "ail the
circumstances of the loss:
New Yorx, March 15,1852. )
18 East 24th-street, )
Daniel Ullman, Eeq.—Dear Sir: The gold me
dal recently presented by citizens of New Y’ork.
the personal and political friends of Henry Olav,
to that distinguished statesman, was by liim en
trusted on Friday last to the care of Misß Lvnch, of
New Y’ork, to be delivered to yon.
Miss Lynch and her mother, with my family, left
Washington on that dav to return to'New York,
under my protection. At my instance and persua
sion the medal, for greater safety, was placed in
ray carpet bag. which contained my writing case
and other valuables, and this bag was kept bv me
personally in the ears and carried in my own hands
at the various changes and stopping pfaces t n the
route, until our arrival in New Y nrk on Saturday at
2 o’clock, P. M., when it was placed on tho hack
which was to convey us to onr residences.
1 saw it put. on tho driver’s scat, by Mr. Vree
land, the baggage master and proprietor of tlie
hack, by the side of tiie driver, and it was in that
situation, os we believe, when the carriage left the
foot of Courtiand street, (Mr. Vreeland himself be
ing present and directing.) On arriving at No 45
Ninth-st., the residences of Miss Lynch, the bag
was missing, and the driver could give no account
of it. Every step was immediately taken to recov
er it that suggested itself to niv mind, and no pains
will be spared in prosecuting tlie search.
The oommite* can easily imagine the watchful
care and solicitude which idl my party felt, in com
mon with myself, to convey in safely" this beautifu.
medal, and the conflict of feelings at ita sudden
disappearance and possible lo*s.
I indn ge u hope that it wid be recovered. I can
hard!: conceive of an American, or a man, into
whose hands snch a treasure might fall, who would
not count it his highest priviiedge and honor to
restore it to its owner.
While I cannot reproaoh myself with any want of
care, nor do I believe any person with a knowledge
of all th* foots would do so, still tb* charge, direc
tion and responsibility of my party rested of course
upon me.
Under these circumstances, it is proper that I
should oommunicate the facts to yon. as the organ
of the committee, with the expression of my deep
regret for the occurrence, aud torequst that" a per
fect duplicate of the medal may be prepared at my
oost. : *coon a* possible, after the loss in finally as
certained, end transmitted to the distinguished
statesman, to whom, as a tribute from his many
friends and admirers, it must be peculiarly valua
ble, and the psssession ot which, at the present
time, cannot fail to be a gratefttly solace in hi*
hoar* of confinement and reflection.'
In t * mingled feelings of sorrow and mortifica
tion which I have indulged, by reason ofthis oc
currence, it is no small satisfaction that it affords
me an opportunity which I should uot otherwise
have enjoyed, to unite in this worthy memorial to
one of th* most distinguished men of our conntrv
and age, wnose career boa been as brilliant as it has
been patriotic, and whose lite and times will con
stitute an essential element In the history of our
oountry during it* most interesting and "forming
period, and whose name and memory, like those of
the Father of his Country, will be cherished as the
common inberitanoe of generations to come.
1 am. dear sir, with great respect,
Your obedient servant,
[Signed] CHARLES BUTLER.
A reward of five hundred doilars lias been offer
ed for tho recovery of the medal. It was of solid
gold, enclosed in a massive silver case, and cost we
oelievc about iS.MK’. Its description ha* been so
widely published that it would be impossible to
dispose of it without detection. The danger is that
it may be melted intoingot*.— X. T. Commercial,
Tt* Memphis Enquirer, speaking of the action
of tho Mississippi Legislature in refusing the right
of wavto the AUmphjs & Charleston Railroad
throggh that State, states that, should ita location
be changed in consequence tlie'eof so a* to ran en
tirely in Alabama aud Tennessee, the racreasod
Hunkier of miles to be constructed in Tennessee,
add F 500.000 te the capital stock of the com
jiany. under the provisions of the general Internal
(unprovement law giviug SB,OOO per mile to it.—
Tlusr# ia said to be an admirable route in Tennes
see for the road tq the Alabama line, making iis*
of th* river for fifteen or twenty miles, and known
as Judge Miller’s route. Provision for its survey
have been made by Directors, in the event Mis
sissippi should continue obstinately impractc*-
b\w~UontteiilU Adrocat*.
Thirty rtionssnd dollars of the Bond* of th*
State Carolina, recently advertised by tbs
Public Treasurer were sold a fen days sines at an
ZTSrag* premium of on* and X)£ per sank
WEEKLY
Cfrnntkit &
BY WILLIAM S. JONES,
DAILY, TKI-VCCILI AMD WEEKLY.
TEEMS:
DAILY PAPER, to Gxj Pnbscnbcn, per annum, fn
advance .$6 00
DAILY PAPER, mailed to the country 7 00
TRI-WEEKLY PAPER, mafled to the country... 400
WEEKLY, (amammoth «beet) 44 ... iOO
CASH SYSTEM—In no ca*e win an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with Tin
money. and in every instance when the time for which
the suhaeription may be paid, expires before the receipt
of funds to renew the same, the paper w3l be diacon
tipned.
“ AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. _
WEDNESDAY MORNING, . MARCH 24. 1852.
Book Binding.
Is our advertising columns will be found a No
tice of the Book Bindery which has just been added
to our establishment, to which we invite the atten
tion of onr friends and the public. As it is entire
ly new, and very complete in all its appointments,
with a superior workman at the head of it, we feel
confident wc shall be able to execute the orders of
our friends, for Binding, Ruling, Ac., in the most
satisfactory manner.
Job Priming.
In this department, also, of our business, having
recently refitted it entirely with new type, of the
latest and most fashionable patterns, in great vari
ety, we entertain the opinion that, witli onr present
facilities, steam presses and skillful workmen, we
can successfully compete in any respect with any
establishment in the South. It will afford ns great
pleasure, therefore, to receive the orders of our
friends for every variety of Job Printing, which
will be executed with dispatch and in the best style
of the art. -
Mr. Toombs’ Speech.
Wa have the pleasure this morning of laying be
fore our readers the admirable speech of the Hon.
Robert Toombs, at the Congressional Banquet, in
honor of the anniversary of the birth of Washing
ton. It is in his happiest vein, and he handles the
great Hungarian with gloveless hands.
Democratic Cardinal Principles.
At a late meeting of the late Secession party,
now par excellence, the Democratic Southern rights
party, of Savannah, to appoint delegates to the
State Convention, to nominate delegates to the
Baltimore Convention, the following resolutions
were adopted.
Whereas, the.approaching Presidential eleetbn,
and the great issues involved therein, warn us of
the necessity of looking to our principles, and of
preparing to support them—
Be it therefore Petal red, That we adhere to the
cardinal principles ofthe Democratic party of the
country and will maintain tnem.
Beeolved, That in these we recognize a love of
the Union—the maintenance of the constitution,
and adherence to the principle on which the pres
ent Tariff is based—the separation of the Govern
ment from all Banks—an economical administra
tion ofthe Government—and opposition to appro
priations by Congress for internal improvements.
Betolred, That however our brother Democrats
in this State may have differed from us upon other
questions, vet all professing these doctrines are
brethren of a common faith, and to them we ex
tend the hand of fellowship, and with them will
cheerfully labor in the gooff cuuse.
Btuthced, That the Chair appoint a Committee to
nominate Delegates to the Democratic Convention,
to bo held in Milicdgcville on tiie Slstinst., for the
purpose of sending representatives to the Balti
more Democratic Convention.
Betolred, That we will support for President and
Vice President, the nominees of the Baltimore
Convention.
It is possible, but not probable, the author of the
resolutions wus playing a trick on the meeting in
using the word “cardinal” as applied to the prin
ciples of that party, for it conveys the idea of
something pre-eminent, and therefore, well de
fined, which no man who values his reputation for
truth, would think of ascribing to the principles
of the Democratic party of the Union. This meet
ing defines them to be a love of the Union, which,
t.ios# who composed the meeting, so recently
sought to destroy. The maintenance of the Con
stitution and adherence to the principles on which
the present Tariff is based, is another “cardinal
principle.” From which we infer that the meet
ing assumes the position, that a Tariff for protec
tion, (supposing they now entertain their former
principles—scarcely a suppcsable case,) is un
constitutional. Yet the Democracy of Pennsyl
vania demand a Tariff for protection, and defend
ita constitutionality. Mr. Buchanan, the favorite
of the party in Pennsylvania and Georgia, voted
for the Tariff of 1842; and the Tariff of 184(1, and the
present tariff', as openly acknowledge the princi
ples of protection as that of 1828 or 1842, but does
not carry it to the same extent.
The separation of the Government from all
Banks, is another “cardinal principle” of the party
according to this meeting. Nothing of the kiud is
proposed. Mr. Madison, however, one of the
great apostles of republicanism in this country,
and the Republican party of 1818, re-chartcrod the
United States Bank, and connected it with the
Government, in opposition to tlio most determined
resistance of the Federalists.
Another “ cardinal principle” is an economical
administration of the government. This is, indeed,
the baldest humbug of the age. Congress has con
trol of the purse-strings of the government; and,
except but for limited periods, at long interval, the
democratic party has had a majority in the House
of Representatives, whero all appropriations of
money originate, since 1829. They have had the
power in both Houses in 1849, ’SO, ’sl and ’52,
and now have the cool impudence to talk about
economy and reform!
The last “cardinal principle” of this variegated
party, according to this meeting, is opposition to
appropriations for internal improvements ; yet, at
the north-west, it is a “ cardinal principle” of the
democratic party to support these measures, and
openly vindicate their expediency and constitution
ality, whenever the “noise and confusion” will
permit. Mr. Calhoun even became so flexible ov
the subject as to yield his opposition, provided the
rivers should be designated “ arms of the sea.”—
And during every administration of the Govern
ment from its foundation down to the present day,
without, we believe a single exception, these ap
propriations havo been made by thousands and
millions, and supported by all parties at different
times. Whero then, and what are the “cardinal
principles ’’ of the Democracy ? Echo answers
“where and what !"
B. F. Hallctt.—The Baltimore Convention.
Mr. Hallbtt is the Chairman oftlio National
Demooratic Central Committee, and therefore
calls together the members of that Committee to
put in motion the party machinery. He conse
quently occupies a distinguished position in the
party and theoountrv, which renders his opinions
upon questions of vital interest of some import
ance—especially so now, when it has been pro
posed by the Milledgeville caucus, composed of
members of the Union party, to send delegates to
that Convention; and Mr. Hallett is represented
as having addressed a letter to a prominent mem
ber of the party, (the Chairman of the State Demo
cratic Committee, under the old regime,) in which
it is alledged he expressed his earnest desire to
have the South represented in that Convention—
and assigned, among others, as a reason for that
desire, that be wished to exclude the Frce-soii
delegates therefrom.
This all sounds most delightfully; but, unfor
tunately for Mr. Hallett, it does not harmonize
when the other side of the story is told—for, like
all stories, it has two sides. And if it were possi
ble to excite the blush of shame on the cheek of a
Frec-soil democratic political trickster and dema
gogue, we would suppose Mr. Hallett‘s whole
face would be crimsoned at the bare mention of
his course on the Slavery question. Mr. Hallett
is known to boa Free-soilcr of the first water.—
lie is known to have presided over a convention in
Massachusetts, which negotiated the terms and
stipulations of the corrupt bargain and coalition
between the Democrats and Free-soilers of that
State; and he is known to have introduced the
following resolutions in a Democratic Convention
of Massachusetts in 1849, which were unanimously
adopted:
“ ReaUved, That we are opposed to slavery in
any form and color, and in Jacor of Freedom and
Fkee.-oil uherretr man licet throughout God's
heritage."
“ Resolved, That we are opposed to the extension
of slavery to free Territories, and in favor of the
exercise of all constitutional and necessary means
to restrict it to the limits within which it docs or
may exist by the local laws of the State.”
This is the man, Union men of Georgia, and
these are his sen iments, who invokes you to be
represented in the Baltimore Convention, because,
he says, he desires to exclude the Free-soilers.
Have you any confidence, or can you have any in
such a man 1 Is it not very probable that he has
written private letters to the Free-soilers of the
North to be represented in strong force in that
Convention, to put down the Pro-slavery men ?
Wonld not a man guilty of such duplicity and po
litical intrigues as we have shown, to secure power
in a State, perpetuate such acts to secure power in j
the Nation ? We think so, and we doubt not every j
ffiir minded, impartial man will readily concur in j
that opinion. If so, can the Union party of Gcor
gia with any regard to propriety, consistency or i
principle, be represented in a Convention, the I
moving spirit of which, occupies the position of |
B. F. Hallett ? Let Union men answer this ;
question calmly and dispassionately, but decisively
in their primary assemblies, to send delegates to j
the S tate Convention, and let them aee that their j
sentiments be properly reflected by their dele- j
gates.
Crawford has Spoken.
We rejoice to see that the Union party in Craw
ford County has, in their meeting to appoint uele- !
gates to the State Convention, taken the true
ground, and spoken out like independent free
men. They adopted the following resolutions : ,
Resolved, That in accordance with a request of a
portion of the Constitutional Union Party of Gcor- ;
gia, assembled in Milledgeville in January last, we
appoint delegates to meet the Constitutional Union 1
Party of Georgia at Milledgeville, on the 22d of j
April next.
Resolved, That it is the decided opinion of the ;
Union Party o; Crawford county, that it would be
impolitic for the Constitutional Union party of
Georgia to send delegates to either of the proposed
National Conventions.
. A S''axe Btobt.—The Wilmington (N. C.)
Herald, of Wednesday last, tells t(je following
Snake Story; “The snake was a rattlesnake 7 feet \
10 inches long,' 10 inohee in circumference, and
had 87 rattles and a button, and waa therefore ea- |
timated to be over forty years of age. He wsb
captured by a Negro near long Creek, in this j
Musty.” 1
A Lecture for Soulhera Whig*.
Tax coolest piece of impudence (always except
ing Koesrru's displays in tbat line) that we have
seen perpetrated in a long time, is contained in the
following extract from an article from Philosopher
Grimly, of the New York Tribunt, addressed to
Southern Whigs, to induce them to uuite with the
mongrel squid of fiee-roil, compromise, and anti
compromise Whigs ofthe North, in a National
Convention:
“ sVe of the North, who are faithful to the tradi- |
tions and sentiments of our tethers, propose no
action respecting Slavery, de-ire none whatever,
from any V\ big National Convention. We know
and acknowledge that ou this subject there is a
diversity of views and feelings between the North
and South, and we see no use in plastering over
that diversity with empty and ambiguous words.—
We propose to leave it where it has been left by all
former >V hig National Conventions, untouched.—
We hold, as we ever have held, that the Whig
party of the Nation was organized upon certain
vital Principles, and in support of certain funda
mental Measures, which have nothing to do with
Slavery or Abolition. A whig in Alabama may be
decidedly pro-slavery, as one in Vermont may be
earuesrly anti-slaverv, yet both be true and sound
W higs, and they may act cordially togetherin sup
port of W hig principles and measures.
“ If, then, toe slavery question shall be carried
into our next Whig National Convention, todisturb
and distract it, the North will be blameless. It is
content with.the old platforms and old landmarks
ofthe party. It asks nothing in regard to Slavery
in this connection but that it he leit alone.”
Truly there are no bounds to the 000 l impudence
and unblushing effrontery of that class of mon
grel, fanatical philosophers of whom Greely is a
conspicuous member. In a notice of this para
graph, the Baltimore American remarks: ’• When
one party to a compact has broken it in an essen
tial point and insists upon justifying the violation,
the request from that quarter to let the matter stand
as it is and not to make it a subject of difference,
comes with a very bad grace from so interested and
officious apeaee maker. The hostility to the Com
promise, on the part of the Tribune and its allies,
is simply hostility to a spceific provision of the
Constitution which is as binding as any other part
of that instrument. The right to set thisprovisiou
jat naught is claimed as a postulate—as something
| constituting an unimportant item in “a diversity
I of views and feelings between the North and the
South.” This assumption is wrong from the be
ginning, and no pevsistauoc in it can make it right.
We do not care at this present to go into the dis
cussion of a subject which is well enough under
stood. The South, wc presume, will think it rea
sonable and proper to uncertain as well as she can
who are disposed to be faithful to the Constitution
—and to act accordingly.”
Gold in Abbeville, 8. C.—‘Mr. Dons, the owner
of a gold mine in Abbeville District, informs the
editor of the Banner, that in two weeks he has re
alized the sum of ten thousand dollars and up
wards from liis operations with eight hands. The
work of two days alone yielded him something
over three thousand dollars. Independent of the
gold, there is at this mine, says the Banner, inex
haustible quantities of manganise, which command*
a ready sale in the Northern markets, and ofitsell
would be a fortune.
Gold lias been discovered in various portions of
the District, and wo have no doubt that when cot
ton ceases to occupy so much of the attention of
our farmers, mines will bo found within our bor
ders which will bless with their golden treasures
the lucky owners.
The Spiritual Knorklngs Scientifically Explained!
That the mysterious and wonderful knocking*
and rappings of the “spirits” at Rochester and else
where would some day be explained we never had
the least doubt; but we did not dare to hope that
the elucidation and clearing up would comeso soon.
In these progressive times, however, scienceseems
to be shod with the “nine league boots” of the
fairy tale, and the gigantic strides of her votaries,
fills us with emotions in which awe, wonder, and
astonishment are so intimately conglomerated and
“mixed up” that we can hardly tell “which from
t’other or t’other from which!” Os the laborious
and difficult process by which the scientific oorres
pondentoftlie Cincinnati Commercial arrived at the
following conclusions, wo can Bay nothing; but
the precision, elegance and lucidity ofthe explana
tion must make itself obvious to the “meanest ca
pacity.” In allnsion to the tappings, this profound
philosopher beautifully observes:
“The only true and legitimate manner of account
ing for the taps, is the physiological defects ofthe
membraneous system. The obtuseness of the ab
dominal indicatoreauses the cartilaginous compres
sor to coagulate into the diaphragm, and depresses
the duodenum into the flandango. Now if the tapa
wore euu-ed by the vogation ol the electricity from
the extremities, the tymjjanum would also dissolve
into spiritual sinctum, and the olfactory ossificator
would ferment and become identical with the pig
inentuin. Now this is not the case: in order to
produce the taps, the spiritual rotundura must he
elevated down to the spiritual spero. But, as 1
said before, the inferior ligaments must not sub
tend over the digitorum sufficiently to disorganize
the stcricletum.”
. A friend of ours, who graduated “with distin
guished honors” at one of the Northern Universi
ties, says that he must dissent in toto from the idea
that the “depression of the duodenum into the
flandango,” could, by any possibility cause “the
olfactory ossifieator to ferment and become identi
cal with the pigmentum.” He says the thing can
not be done; and after quotingsevcrallearnodau
thorities on the subject, winds up his argument
by the remark that,
“The vibratory motion communicated to the tu
nica albugenia by the parturitiou of the alveolar
iirocess effectually disintegrates the pericardiac iu
lueneesofthe epigastrium and produoes a com
pound corpuscular movement of the lymphatic
glands—which abnormal and diagnostical state of
the nervous system deteriorates a preponderance of
the lacteal fluid to the posterior portion of the cere
bellum, and predisposes the patient to preternatur
al distensionefthe auricular membraneous orifice;
in which case, the rappings become painfully and
distinctly audible.”
Now whether this is, or is not so, we will not
undertake to say; but will leave the whole mattor
in the hands of the learned artvans, in the full con
fidence that little can be added to the above trium
phant and incontrovertible exposition.
Mr. Clay’s Opinion.
In reply to tho very absurd story, which has been
put in circulation by Washington letter writers,
that Mr. Clay was in favor of the Election of Gen.
Cass, over all other Caudidate3 for the Presidency,
the New York Express lias been permitted to pub
lish the f illowing extract from a private letter of
Mr. Clay to his friend in New York:
“ Since writing the above we have been permit
ted by Mr. Clay to copy the following from a pri
vate letter of his, and addressed to one of his
friends in this city. A rnoro complete denial to all
that has been said to the contrary coultl not possi
bly be given.
* * * “ You rightly understood me in ex
pressing a preference for Air. Fillmore as the Whig
candidate tor the Presidency. This I did before 1
leit home, and have frequently here in private in
tercourse, since my arrival at Washington I cars
not how generally the fact may be known, but I
should not deem it right to publish any formal
avowal of that preference under my own signature
in the newspapers. Such a course would subject
me to the imputation of supposing that my opin
ions possessed more weight with the public than 1
apprehend they no. Tne foundation of my pre
ference is, that Air. Fillmore has administered the
Executive Government-with signal success and
ability. He lias been tried and found true, faith
ful, honest and conscientious. I wish to say no
thing in derogation from his eminent competi
tors. They have both rendered great services to
their country —the one in the field the other in the
cabinet. They might possibly administer the go
vernment as well as Mr. Fillmore lias done. But
then neither of them has been tried. He has been
tried in the elevated position lie now holds, and I
think that prudence and wisdom had better re
strain u« from making any change without a neces
sity for it—the existence of which Ido not perceive.
I am truly your friend,
and obedient servant,
11. Clay.”
“ Old Fogies,” of the Democracy.
This is thaappcliation used by Mr. Marshall,
of California in his speech a few days since in
Congress, to designate such of the Presidential
aspirants among the Democracy as Cass, Buchan
an, Butler, Houston, &c. Air. AI. belong l to “the
young democracy” and is a zealous advocate of the
claims of ocnator Douglass. He is represented
as a very ready, fluent, and eloquent declaimer and
his speech is said to have produced quite a sensa
tion in the House, especially among ids political
associates, who favored the claims of the “ Old
Fogies.” The correspondent of the New York
Erpreas speaks of the speech and the man :
“The sp cch of the Calii'ornia Alarshall to day, in
defence f Douglass, and in denunciation of such
“old Fogies” As Cass, Bncliauan, Butler and other
“beaten horses,” made a profound sensation both
in pit and gallery. It has enraged the friends of
Cass, Buchanan, Butler and others, and their rage
will burst out the first opportunity. The Califor
nia Alarshall is a brother of the celebrated “Tom,”
and is pretty much such an eloquent fellow, lie
personifies the "young America, ’ very well, in his
appearance. He wears monstrously big moustach
es. great long fiery red whiskers, a" fine gold chain,
often beautifully* fitting gloves, and the best of
broadcloth. His stvle of speaking is very com
manding. His words are admirably chosen—with
the choicest style, and in the best arrangement,
and he may be set down as a very superior natural
orator. This personified “Young America” pitch
ed into old “ fogy Democracy,” and endorsed
“Progress" Douglass against retrogression Case,
Buehauan, and Butler. Young American Demo
cracy is now in full fight with old Fogy Democracy.”
Destructive F ire.— We regret to record the entire
destruction by fire, about 3 o’clock yesterday morn
ing, ofthe extensive Foundry and Alachine Shop
of Alessrs. Taliaffeeo & Tohblt, with all their
tools, machinery and two new Engines nearly com
pleted. The destruction was almost total and
complete, scarcely anything was saved. There was
an insurance of SSOOO on the buildings, but none
on the machinery. Their loss is heavy, and that it
was the work of an incendiary the proprietors
think there is no doubt.
Post Office Operations. —“ Mountain Tour" is
the natne of a new Post Office established in Gil
mer County, Ga., of which J. f. S enter is P. M.
“ Birdacille," in Burke County, and "State
Eights," in Oglethorpe County, have been dia
continued.
The name of "Traveller's Beet" Dooly County,
has been changed to "Montezuma" Calhoun" in
Lumpkin County, to "Smith? Me"Oothealoga,"
in Gordon County, to “ Calhoun ;” "CRsnutt Hill"
in Waltou County, to "Knox Hitt and "Rey
nolds," in Houston County, to "ReynoUsville."
The Hon. A. H. feTxraENs arrived in this city,
Fziday, en route from Washington to his resi
dence. We are gratified to learn from him that
Mr. Toombs, when he left on Tuesday, was con
valescent. So much better, indeed, that his physi
cian, Dr. Andrews, who had been called to
AYashington to see him, returned with Air. Ste
phens.
The Legislature of Louisiana adjourned tine
die on the morning of the 19th inst. The Gover
nor did not sign the “Registry Law for New Or
leans," alleging that it wus presented too late ta
allow of a proper examination.
A bill was passed authorizing the Governor to,
borrow $25,000 for current expenses, there beinjj
no funds in the treasury. Also to pay the armorers
and other workmen in the State Arsenal.
Affairs at baa Jama.
Feom the subjoined proceeding* of the citizens
of San Juan, and the correspondence of the Pica
yune, there seems to be quite a certain prospect
tbat the authority of bis Musquito Majesty will
soon be tested, and the actual state ofthe relations
of the British Government therewith fully disclo
sed. We apprehend no misunderstanding be- j
tweeu our own and the English government on
this question, for in its disposition to observe
faithfully the treaty, the latter will promptly yield
up all her pretensions.
We extract and condense the substance of the
proceedings of the citizens of San Juan, in which
the people are said to unite with great unanimity:
The meeting being organized, tho Chairman,
Wm. 11. Deforest, briefly explained the objects of
the meeting to be to endeavor to obtain a govern
ment lor tiiis town that would be satisfactory to its
citizens, cud afford that protection to person and
property to which all aro alike entitled, and called
ou the citizens assembled to come forward and give
their views and sentiments on the subject that all
may know the grievances wc labor under, and what
rights and privileges wo desire to obtain.
Mr. W. I*. Kirkland then, in an able and lengthv
speech, stated his views; he objected to the pre
sent government of this town, and urged tho ne
cessity of obtaining a more stabie, permanent and
jnst and legal government, and contended that
it was the duty and interest of tho citizeus of
San Juan to appeal to the rightful owner of tho
territory, viz: the State of Nicaragua, requesting
from her a charter of incorporation giving and
granting to tnem such privileges, land an pow
er as may enable them to establish a government
of law and order satisfactory to the citizens of San
J uan, and protecting the persons and properties of
all within its jurisdiction.
Mr. Kirkland contended that the present so-call
ed authorities of this town was a temporary gov
ernment, that they themselves were in doubt and
uncertainty who and what they were, and how to
act; that they derive their power and authority
from the King of Musquito, an individual recog
nized and protected by England, but having no
existence or authority accorded or acknowledged
by other nations, and whose claims over this ter
ritory, and existence ns a king, was even now a
matter of negotitiou between tho Governments of
the United States and England. While these mat
ters are in doubt and uncertainty, wc find our
selves without a government and without protec
tion alike in our persons and our property, and it
is our duty and our interests to go to headquarters,
the rightful owners of tho soil, the State of Nicara
gua, and request from hev a charter of incorpora
tion, so that we can form a government in which
our persons and our property will be protected.
Mr.. Kirkland's views and remarks were coinci
ded in by the meeting with acclamation, and he
retired with great applause.
The following resolution was then moved and
seconded:
Beeolced, That the Chairman appoint a commit
tee of three persons to draft resolutions expressing
the views and aeutim nts of this meeting, and re
port such resolutions to the meeting.
Tho resolution was adopted, and the Chair ap
pointed Mr.Gelston, Win. V. Kirkland and Charles
Wendall, as such committee.*
During the recess' occasioned by the retiring of
the committee to draft resolutions, Mr. J. V. Povis
addressed the meeting in Spanish, calling on all to
express their views and sentiments fully and freely,
and vote according to their knowledge, and judg
ment, yea or nay to the resolutions which would
be presented.
BoolreJ, That, whereas, we, the citizens of San
Juan do Nicaragua, being desirous to secure for
ourselves the liberty and protection of our persons
and our interests, to which we are entitled, andde
siriugugoverumciit in which we shall be represent
ed, and by which our persons and property will be
protected, and feeling that uction on onr part is
called for to obtain those privileges which wo do
not now possess, we do therefore resolve to appoint
and delegate such citizens as we have confidence
in, to proceed to the capital of the State of Nicara
gua, to treat and negotiate with tho Government of
said Stato for a charter of incorporation, giving
and granting to us such power and privileges as
may enabled us to establish a government and eloct
such officers as may rightfully and properly ad
minister shell laws and ordinances as may by us be
enacted.
Betolved, That the Chairman appoint fifteen del
egates to proceed to tho capital of Nicaragua for the
purpose of obtaining from that Government a
charter empowering the citizens of Sun Juan to
establish a free port, territorial and local govern
ment.
Besolved, That such delegation pay striot atten
tion in procuring a proper guarantee and protec
tion from that Government for all property for
which proper consideration has been paid.
Hceolmi, That should any of the delegates ap
pointed by the Chair declino acting, that the re
maining delegates have full power to act in the
premises, and call such persons to their aid as they
may deem expedient.
The resolutions after being road in English and
Spanish were unanimously adopted, and tho chair
appointed the Committee of fifteen.
The subjoined oxtract from the Correspondence
of the Picayune furnishes some interesting infor
mation in relation to the Btate of affairs:
Gkbytown, March 6, 1852.
I will leave hero in a low hours, in company
with about one tlozeu gentlemen of this place, dele
gates to the cnpitul of Nicaragua, for the purpose
of obtaining a charter from tnat Government em
powering the people here to establsh a liberal and
more permanent local government than the one
now in existence, which was established a few
months, by some live or six individuals, as a mat
ter of necessity; to be altered at a timo tnat a suf
ficient number of porsons should locate and require
a more liberal and better form of government. The
present government is entirely in the hands of Air.
James Greoq, hor Britanic Majesty’s Consul, and
acting agent for the Mosquito King, who possesses
an unlimited power, and from whose decision there
is no appeal. This stylo of government, as you
may naturally suppose, is detestable to all Ameri
can citizens, who constitute the entire business
portion of the inhabitants—the Spaniards being
engaged in very small retail business. With two
or three exceptions, other foreigners feel and act
with the Americans. The British subjects hold ail
the offices of profit, and that against tlio will of the
entire population. The position taken by tho citi
zens is fully represented in the accompanying copy
of their acts, unanimously concurred in at a mass
meeting.
Should Nicaragua grant a charter to the citizens,
(which I very much doubt,) and scud an officer to
hoist her national flag hero, it will be saluted by
the U. S. sloop-of-war Decatur, which, together
witli the planting oftlio flag by Nicaragua, will be
considered by the “King of all the Alosquitoes,”
the British Consul, as tantamount to a do duration of
war on the part of Nicaragua, and he will make an
attempt to prevent the place from falling into her
possession, which will probably be prevented by
tlio American vessels-of-war. This will place the
whole affair between tho Governments of Great
Britain and the U. States, und compel a speedy ad
justment ofthe question.
State Agricultural Chemists The Committee
of the Alaryland House of Delegates to whom were
referred various petitions from different parts of
tho State praying for the establishment of a perma
nent laboratory and the appointment of an assistant
State Agricultural Chemist, have submitted areport
in which they testify to the important advantages
that have already resulted from the appointment of
the State Chemist, and advocate the necessity of
enlarged and liberal appropriations upon tho part of
tile State to give that encouragement to the agri
cultural interest which its importance demands.—
The cemmittec accompanied tlioir report witli a
bill favorab e to the prayer ofthe petitioners, and
obviating certain detects in tlie present law.
We clip the above paragraph fiom the Baltimore
American for the purpose of commending tlio sub
ject to the consideration of tho planters of Geor
gia, and indeed of the whole South. In Ala
ryland the planters have tested the advantages
of tho application of the science to tho improve
ment of tillage, and the effect has been most
satisfactorily demonstrated in the very groat in
creased production of their lands. This is a
question of vital importance to the whole plant
ing interest. Every man is deeply interested
in tho success of Agriculture, and the planters es
pecially should avail themselves of every means at
their command to increase tho productiveness of
their farms. As we have neither time nor space
to devote to the'subject to-day, wo shall recur to it
again at our leisure, and urge the adoption of a
similar poliov by our Legislature.
■ Stage Accident. —As the Savannah Stage was
turning the corner into Alclntosh from Ellis Street
yesterday, on the way to the Post Office to get
the mail, it suddenly uncoupled and the body of
the stago dropped down and upset, pitching the
driver, Jolly, against a post whence he was picked
up unconscious. On examination, however, it was
ascertained that he was not dangererously hurt,
although the concussion was very great. The pas
sengers in the Stage escaped uninjured, but the
horses ran off with the front wheels and came in
Contact with a tree at the comer of Broad Street,
which so injured one of them that it was deemed
advisable to kill him.
Electoral Vote of the States.
AYith a view to settle all doubt as to whether tho
States, in the approaching Presidential election,
will elect Electors under the apportionment of 1840
or that to be made from tho census of 1850, the
Judiciary Committee of the Senate has made the
subjoined report, —which very satisfactorily deter
mines tho question in favor of the apportionment
under the census of 1850:
“ The Constitution provides that “ Each State
shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature
thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to
the whole number of Senators and Representatives
to which the State may be entitled in the Congress.”
The act of Congress of Alarch Ist, 1792, passed be
fore any election of President had been held un
der a new apportionment, gives a construction to
this clause of the Constitution in these words:
“ Which doctors (of President and Vice Presi
dent) shall be equal to the number of Senators
and Representatives to which the several States
may bylaw be entitled at the time when the Presi
dent and Vice President thus to be chosen should
come into office.”
The new apportionment under the first census
took effect from and after the 8d of March, 1893,
(act of 14th April, 1792.) Accordingly, in 1792, in
1812, and in 1832, the States gave a number of
electoral votes for Piesidont and Vice President
equal to the number of their Senators and Rep
resentatives respectively from and after the 3d
ot Alarch, 1793, the 3d of March, 1813, and the 3d
of March, 1833; and tlie act of 1850 having a simi
lar proviso to that of 1792, so it must be in the
next election next fall; that is, the States will vote
under the new and not under the old apportion
ment.”
The Committee are therefore of tho opinion that
no additional legislation is necessary on the sub
ject, and recommend the adoption ofthe following
resolution :
Resolved, That the number of electoral votes to
which each State shall be entitled in the election
of President and Vice President ofthe U. States
in 1852, slutll be equal to the number of Senators
and Representatives to which each of said States
will bo found entitled by the apportionment under
the enumeration of lßso, as provided by the act “for
taking the seventh and subsequent censuses,” ap
proved May 28,1850.
Death of Col. IV. S. King.
The Telegraph communicates the unwelcome
intelligence of the death of Col. Wm. S. Ktxa, one
of the Editors and Proprietors of the Charleston
Courier, who died Friday afternoon of Pneumonia.
It was onr good fortune to have known the de
ceased for many years, and it affords us a melan
choly pleasure to pay a brief tribute to his manly
character and ger.srous heart. In onr business in
tercourse with him, his conduct was always mark
ed by strict integrity, a manly frankness and a
spirit of true liberality. In his social relations, he
was confiding and generous, always bearing him
self as became a courteous, high-minded gentleman.
Peace to his ashes.
Tun Hon. Wji. C. Dawson, passed through this
city yesterday morning, returning to Washington
City, after a short absence.
Bounty Land Warrants.— The Bill making
these Warrants assignable has passed both Houses
of Congress, and will doubtless beeome a law.
Policy of ih« EaglMi Ministry.
Thi London Temu furnishes the following sum
mary of the remarks of the new British Primior,
Earl Dsrbt, and the responses on Friday, the 27th
February, in whioh he defined the policy of his
Administration:
In the House of Lords last night the Earl of
Derbv rose to explain the motives whioh had in
“oc*d him to accept office, and after paying a
graceful tribute of admiration to tho publio and
private virtues displayed by the Marquis of Lans
downe during his long political career, proceeded
to say that though the resignation of the late Ad
ministration had taken him completely by surpriso,
ho had determined not to shrink again from tho
responsibility of forming s government.
With respect to our foreign policy, the course he
meant to pursue was that whioh he was convinced
was best calculated to secure the blessings of
peace, and this could be beet effected by observing
toward foreign Powers a calm and temperate poli
cy, by adhering to the letter to the obligations im
posed on us by treaties, and by respecting in the
case of all nations, great or small, the right to
manage their own affairs. On this head he en
tirely concurred with the opinions expressed on a
recent occasion by Lord Granville, that nations
should act toward one another with dignity and
torbearanoe, and that no Btate, any more than any
private individual, should bo ashamed to make
reparation for injuries.* With regard to onr powor
of repelling aggression, he believed that the navy
was never in a more perfect state, and that the
efficiency of our military foroe, considering its
number and the arduous duties it had to perform,
was matter for admiration.
If the country were threatened with invasion,
the people or England, Ireland and Sootland
would rise as ono man; but tbongh he felt no
alarm on that subject, he thought that the present
moment, while we still enjoyed the blessings of
peace, was favorable for so organizing tho undis
ciplined valor of the oountry that they might re
sist to the greatest advantage the trained armies
of au invader. The noble lord then passed ou,
after warning the oxiles assembled in this country
that the Government would not tolerate any
attempt on their part against foreign Powers, to
the commercial polioy which it was his intention
to pursue, and expressed his approval of the prin
ciple of the American tariff, rathor than of the
free trade system adopted by the late Sir Robert
Peel. But though this was his opinion, he thought
the question could only be satisfactorily solved by
a reference to the clearly expressed opinion of the
intelligent portion of the community.
Being, therefore, in a minority, certainly in one,
and perhaps in both Houses, on the polioy of freo
trade, and not wishing to interrupt lor any length
of time the deliberations of the Legislature at this
critical period, he should throw himself on tho
torbearancc of his opponents and the indulgence
of his friends, and, oontenting himsolf withiium
ble labors, such as measures of legal and educa
tional reform, he should refrain from entering for
the present on the question of a duty on corn, un
less anvon to depart from the oourso he had pro
scribed for himself by factious opposition. lie
would also seize that opportunity to state that it
was not his intention to adopt and carry out the
measure of franohise reform proposed by Lord
John Russell, which he characterized as an indefi
nite plan for unsettling everything and settling
nothing, and which began by exoitiugthe oountry,
and finished by dissatisfying it.
He hsd heard indeed that this scheme of fran
chise reform was to be combined with one for en
ormously improving the education of tho oountry,
though ho could not quits boo tho connection bo
tween the two subjects ; and for this reason he
begged distinctly to state that by education he did
not mean the mere acquirement of temporal know
ledge or the development ofthe intellectual facul
ties, but that education which was built on the
basts of all knowledge—tho study ofthe Bcriptures.
ror the promotion of such education he relied
with confidence on the enlightened exertions of the
parochial clergy ofthe Established Church.
To uphold that Church in its integrity was not
only the interest but the duty of Government,
which, while it tolerated the religious faith of
other persuasions, was bound to extond the influ
ence of the Churoh of England and to lend it
every assistance in diffusing through the land the
knowledge of divine truth. The noble lord then
concluded his speech by deolaring that ho had un
dertaken the task of governing tho oountry trust
ing to the blessing and guidance of Providence,
and that he should have attained the highest ob
ject of his ambition if he advanced in the slightest
dogree the great objects of “peace on earth and
good will among men,” and if he contributed to the
“safety, honor and welfare of our Sovereign and
her dominions.”
Earl Grey would not attempt to enter at length
ou the various topics discussed by Lord Derbv,
but he could not help entering his protest against
tho inl'crenees drawn by that noble earl from a
comparison between the American tariff and our
system of freo trade. He must also express his
oonstornation at hearing that a tax upon the food
of tho country was contemplated by the Govern
ment. ■
After some observations from Lord Derby, who
explained that he hod distinctly said that the ques
tion could only be solved by the intelligent por
tion of the community, and that it was not the in
tention ofthe Government to make any proposition
on the subject at present.
Earl Grey expressed himself greatcly relievod,
but implored the noble earl not to keep the country
any long time in suspense on a matter concerning
which it had every right to have early information.
Earl Fitzwilliam regretted that Lord Grey in
stead of taking a comprehensive view of Lord
Derby’s speech, had solocted ono particular topic,
and that the most exciting, for discussion and
comment. He differ ed altogether fir. m Lord Grey
in the view he had taken respecting the effect of a
moderate duty in raising tho price of corn in gene
ral, and deolared that lie had heard almost the
whole of Lord Dsrby’s speech with considerable
satisfaction. He was especially glad to find that
that noble earl was prepared to resist the invasion
of constitutional rights, for if such rights were
continually attacked he believed the greater por
tion ofthe community would come to the opinion
that it would be better to live under a mild and
tranquil despotism.
The Marquis Clanricarde defended Lord Grey,
and pressed Lord Derby for an early statement as
to his protectionist measures.
The Earl of Aberdeen was anxious to take the
V3ry first opportunity whioh presented itself to
declare, as the intimate colleague of the lato Sir
Robert I'eol, his determination to adhere to the
free trade polioy of that lamented statesman. He
thought the distinctions drawn by Lord Derby on
this subject were shadowy and unreal, and for his
part ho should oppose a duty on corn, whother for
revenue or protection. Tho foreign policy laid
down by the noble lord met with his nnqnalifiod
approbation, and he might rely on his cordial sup
port.
After some observations from Lord Brougham on
tho inconvenience, in a judicial point of view, of a
prolonged adjournment of the House, it was
agreed, on the motion of Lord Darby, that the
House should adjourn, exoept fer a transaction of
judicial or private business, for some days,
On the same evening, the House of Commons
adjourned until the 12th of March.
Snow Storm in Charleston.— The following
memorandum of the conductor of the Charleston
train Saturday, informs us that a violent Snow
storm was prevailing in that city and for some
miles above yesterday morning. Our neighbors
of the Seacoast may indeed congratulate themseltcs
on their success during the past winter, in getting
up Snow storms, While we, in the interior have
scarcely beon greeted with the sight of a single
flako, they have beon luxuriating in snow-balling
and sleigh rides, such as the “oldest inhabitant”
had rarely or never witnessed in that meridian :
“We were detained in consequence of a very
heavy Snow, storm. It began to snow at 6.80 A.
M., and when we left, it was snowing very fast.
We were one hour and a qnarter coming 7 miles.”
Snow Storm in New York.— The Commercial
Advertiser of Thursday afternoon furnishes the
following account of the Snow Storm and gale in
that city of which we had previous notice by Tele
graph:—Within the last twenty-four hours wo
have experienced the most disagreeable, if not tlif
most servere storm of a season, which has been in
no wise remarkable for its extreme placidity. About
eleven o’clock yesterday morning the snow com
menced, and it fell thiok and fast, attended with
heavy gusts from the North East until evening,
when a mingled shower of rain, sleet, hail and snow
succeeded, and the wind freshened to a gale. It
thus continued until morning, when a steady rain
set in, which was still falling when this articlo was
written.
Wc have no record of material damage thus far,
though it is probable that the shipping in the har
bor, and in vicinity of the port, has suffered from
the sevority of the gale. The telegraph wires of
most of the lines have been broken by tho weight
of the snow and sleet, with whioh they were en
crusted. Cellari were oversowed, by the accumu
lation of water in the streets, and ftirniture and
merchandise injured by the leaking of roofs sup
posed to be water-tight, but which were unable to
withstand the penetrating qualities of the saturated
snow. Awning posts and sign boards were blown
down, and awnings torn to pieces, and in Brooklyn
we noticed two or three trees uprootod.
Another Revolutionary Worthy Gone.—
Henry Gibson, the aged Revolutionary soldier, who
attracted so much patriotic curiosity on the last
celebration of Washington’s birth-day in New
York, expired at his residence in Orange county,
a few days since, aged 101 years and 28 days, lie
fought under General Washington, and was one of
hiß body guard. The deceased veteran was con
veyed to Now York, by the Continentsls, and in
terred with military honors.
Snip and Cargo Burnt.— Tho ship Stine, Capt
Pratt, for Ilavre, waa burnt in Mobile lower Bay
on Thursday last, with her entire cargo of 2739
bales of cotton, which waa inaured in Franoe. No
insurance on the vessel. The Qgptain was going
down to her for the purpose of putting out to sea,
and found her in fiamos. How the fire originated
is not known. It is said tho flames burst forth
suddenly from the hold, with such violence as to
preclude all hope of extinguishing them, and the
crew were immediately obliged to take to the boats.
Before doing so they cut the cables and she drifted
down on Dauphin Island, and there burnt to the
water’s edge.
* l ■ ♦
Bidding tor Irish Votes.— ln a letter declining,
on account of pressing publlo business, an invi
tation to be present at a festival in honor of Bt.
Patrick, in Brooklyn, Gen. Scott says :
“ You do me but justice, in supposing me to
take a lively interest in Ireland and her sons.
Perhaps no man, certainly no American, owes so
much to the valor of Irishmen as myself, for many
of them marched and fought under my command
in the war of 1812, and thousands in the recent
war in Mexico—not one of them waa aver known
to turn his back upon an enemy or a friend.”
No son of the Emerald Isle could have furnish
ed a better specimen of unadulterated blarney than
that, and if it foils to secure their votes, they are
indeed proof against its potent influence.
Fcorrms EROt ouT back nos Cautornia. — The
New York Timet of Tuesday says: Police officers
Bobcrt I. Brown and George W. Niven, of this
city, returned yesterday from San Francisco. Cali
fornia, in the steamship Daniel Webster, havirg
in custody a man by the name of Georgo Watson
and two others whom they arrested upon a requisi
tion of Gov. Hunt. The accused psties were in
dicted in this country several months age, upon
a charge of swindling a firm ont of a large amount
of money, and also being defaulters to a heavy
amount.' They were yesterday admitted to bail in
the sum of $5,000 each.
The same paper says.
The California arrivals are satisfactory. The
packets of the 15th and 18th of February, from
San Francisco, brought dowu for New York sl,-
650,000 on freight, towhieh the passengers will
probably add $850,000. These sums, added to the
arrival, will put our March receipts in advance of
the cosresponding period of last year several hun
dred thousand dollars, although we hear complaints
from the Pacific of the difficulty of procuring the
dust. The mining news, prospectively, looks well,
and further gratifying accounts are given of new
quartz discoveries in Sonora and Grass Valley, the
seats of several of the Gold Mining Companiee
controlled in this city.
A petition praying that women may be allowed
the right of doing militia duty has been presented
to the Massachusetts legislature*
A flairs in Franco.
Tick London letter oft cNew York Commercial
Advertiser, per Steamer Niagara, contains tho fol
lowing interesting glance at tho progress of events
in France, and some spec illations, not to say pro
nostics, of the probable fete of Loris Napoleon •
11 In Franco the elections for the Legislative
Assembly have just ta en place. With two or
«Wpti6ns r the wholo of them have termina
ted in favor ot tho Government candidates. In
one ot the I ans sections, nowever, Gonoral Cavaig
nachMhcen successful, and in another, Carnot,
the Republican Minister ot the Interior niter the
revolution of 1843, has obtained a majority of the
vote*, although thev fall slightly abort oftlie num
ber nooessary to make the election valid. It is also
pointed out that tho total number of those who
voted in 1 ans on the present occasion in favor of
the Government, is much below the number who
voted for Louis; Napoleon after the coup d'etat.
On that occasion it waa 195.689, while now it has
been only 182,046.
The measures of the French Government during
the past week have been sufficiently various and
startling. Henceforth no public education is to be
allowed except by the Church or the Government,
rho Judges aiso, hitherto irrcmoveable, are to bo
compelled to retire at the ago of 70 if the Govern
ment should then fill their places, although they
may remain until that is done. Hence the obsu
mioious may bo rewarded by non-removal. Ano
ther decree provides for the issue of mortgage
notes to facilitate loans to the holders of huid.
The mortgages at present existing upon land
amount to ±320,000,000, upon whieh tlio rate of in
terest averages eight per cent. The notos now pro
posed are to bo issued in the shape of loans on first
mortgages at tho rato of 6 per cent., of wliioh 1
nor cent, is to bo applied us a sinking fund to re
deem the debt.
To establish means fertile commencement of op
erations, £400,W0 of the confiscated Orleans pro
perty is to bo appropriated, and it is hoped that cap
italists will supply further sums. As, however
thev would receive only 4 1-2 per cent., (since in
addition to 1 percent, for the siuking fund, a half
per ccnt.istobc taken for expenses of management)
there seems little probability of tlio invitation be
ing responded to. Tho whole measure has evident
lybeen devised to obtain popularity among that
most unhappy class, tho small proprietors, but it
is contended that the misery of this class arises, as
was the ease in Ireland, ‘from their passion for
land, and that every fuuility for its gratification
will but hasten their ntter ruin.
Some other momentary measures lmvo also been
promulgated which are of a still greater importance
and which will call for the vigilant attention of votir
merchants. - The President, findingthegood efforts
of popularity on the Bourse, appears to have re
solved to bring about a period of inflation' that
shall intoxieute all classes with a dream of pros
perity. He has insisted upon tho Bank of Franco
not only reducing its rata of discount but also ad
vancing money on ail railway shares and bonds of
lines which possess a Government guarantee.
These advances are to be to the extent ot four-fifths
the amount of tho shares aud are to be at tho rate of
Bper cent, which is also at tho rate for discounts.
Tno Counoil of tho Bank resisted the measure, but
they were forced to give way and received an ex
tension of their charter for fifteen voars.
Tlio natural effect of the whole - soheino was to
produce an effervoseneo on the Bourse, and stocks
and shares of all descriptions went up with extra
ordinary rapidity. Many of the railways pay from
5 to 8 or 10 per cent., and it will easily be Rcon that
if money can be borrowed on four-fifths of their
amount at 8 per cent., there will boa general rush
to obtain them. At the same time new concessions
are being granted for linos in every part of tho
country, while iu Paris also public works of all
kinds are promoted. A rapid inflation, a wide
spread mania, and an unexampled crash are pro
babilities, therefore, which havo now arison.
Os course tlio maintenance of peace must bo an
accompanying condition, and with this, and tho
steady influx ot California cold, the rosult appears
to be inevitable. In tho first stages of the affair
immense fortunes mnv be made, but when tho
bursting of tho bubble comes, whether in a few
months or in a year or two, the consequences mav
bo such as have never yet been seen. The French
people, in periods of ruin and panic, aro verv dif
ferent cither from Americans or English, and it
will be enrious if Louis Napoleon’s fall should be
brought about by the vengeance of the Bourse
whioh now hails him as its idol.
Henry Clay.—As the career of this eminent
statesman draws near its close, the fogs and mists
• which political detraction had accumulated around
him disperse and melt away, so that in a clear sky
and with lustre unobscured he descends to the
horizon of life in a sunset of splondor. A Demo
cratic journal, tho New Orleans Courier, thus
speaks of him :
Henry Clay now belongs to history, and his fame
to his country. Broni one end of its broad territo
ries to tho other, ho has not a single enemy.
Throughout his long and illustrious career he has
been the advocate and champion of freedom, and
of thoso great principles of law and order, without
whioh liberty lias no stability and no guarantees
for the repose of society.
Tho opposition to Mr. Clay, so long and so stea
dily mado by tlio Democratic partvi must not be
mistakon for a distrust of Iris patriotism or a want
of admiration for his great and generous qualities.
It was exclusively political, growing out of a diffe
rence of opinion on matters concerning the admin
istration of onr government—our home policy.
His reputation and his fame are as much cherish
ed by one party as tho other. And no American
politician could now make an attack on him with
out being condemned by the general voice ol - the
oountry.
It is well, says the Baltimore American, that such
acknowledgments os these should oome from ad
versaries—even although they are late in coming.
There is a virulenoe in political animosity which
one can scarcely contemplate in calmness without
something, like a feeling of terror. Os all hatreds
it seems to bo tho most remorseless, tho most vin
dictive, the most blind aud undiscriminating;
perverting truth, dolighting in calumny, dealing
with injustice as though it were a virtue, and
blending patriotism with a spirit of relentless and
proscriptive extermination. Few rnon ever passed
through on ordeal of tlio kind more fioroo or more
protracted than that through which the path of
Henry Clay led from youth to hoary age. Nor
was he at any time a man to turn asido from his
course in view of any trials or terrors whioh politi
cal hostility in its moßt ferocious paroxysms conld
array before him. He went on Iris stately way
with unshrinking stops, carrying defianee in his
right hand. Wo nre told now that ho has not a
single enemy. Well ; he has had many ; yet he
never sought to conciliate one by unworthy com
pliances or ignoble deprecation.
He has carried with him tho impress of his own
nobility and he will hear it with him to his grave.
It was never in the power of majorities or demo
cracies to impair his imperial prestige. He has
lived as a King amongst men, and he will die like
a hero—death obtaining no victory over him. His
name will boa ohorished legacy to tho American
people, who behold in him the noblest typo of
themselves. Salve, salveto, ullimus Jlomanontm.
John Bull Singing a New Tunc.
Otm pompous and self-sufficient “cousins” across
the water, in their apprehension of a war with
France and the other great European powers, are
waxing very respectful, fraternal and appreciative
toward their long-abused “Brother Jonathan;”
as will be seen by the following earnest invocation
for “ aid and comfort” from the London Examiner ,
one of their leading papers:
“ Gigantic daughter of the West,
We drink to thee across the flood;
We know thoe most, we love thee best—
For arL thou not of British blood ?
Should War’s mad blast again be blown,
Permit not thou the tyrant powers
To fight thy mother here alone,
But let thy broadsides roar with ours.
Hands all around 1
God the tyrant’s cause confound 1
• To our groat kinsmen of the West, my frlunds 1
And the great name of England, round and round I
"Arise our Great Atlantic sons,
When war against our freedom springs 1
0, speak to Europe through your guns—
They can be understood by kings !
You must not mix our queen with those
That wish to keep the people fools;
Our freedom’s foemen are her foes—
She comprehends the race she rules.
Hands all around 1
God the tyrant’s cause confound I
To our dear kinsmen of the West, my friends,
And the great cause of freedom, round and round 1"
To which we may imagine the “ Gigantic Daugh
ter of the West” replying:
Good Brother Bull, we'll drink with thee,
To Freedom’s spread and War’s prevention,
But in your scrapes can take no hand,
Our motto is “Non-Intervention.”
Mibundrstanding with Great Britain. —Accord-
ing to an article in the New York Express, a mis
interpretation of the so called treaty of settlement,
(Oregon boundary) in cclation to‘British vessels
navigating the waters underUnitod States jurisdic
tion within the boundaries and along the coast of
Oregon tcrritory ; is the occasion of a correspon
dence which is just now going on between Mr.
Webster and tho British Minister at Washington,
Mr. Ceampton.
It has been the practice, it seems, of English sea
captains on the Pacific coast, ever since the settle
ment of the boundary between the two Govern
ments “Westward of the Koeky Mountains,” (by
treaty concluded June 15th, 1888,) to seek to land
and deliver “goods and wares” at American porta
without paying duty.
Moro recently some of them, it is said, have gono
so far os to advertue to transport merchandise from
one American port to another; thus interfering
with our coasting trade, which the vessels of no
nation are permitted to do. Notice has been re
peatedly given to them, by tho American custom
house officers in Oregon, that these liberties could
not be permitted—and finally a formal notice was
served on one of them by the collector of Astoria,
that for any future infractions of the revenue laws
of the U. States he should proceed against them
forthwith, condemning vessels and confiscating
cargoes, and thus brought matters to a crisis. The
notice was communicated to the agents of the Hud
son’s Bay Company by tho shipmaster upon whom
it was served, and by them communicated to the
British Government at home.
It was then made the subject of consideration in
Council, and her Majesty’s Secretary for Foreign
Affairs thereupon transmitted the documents to the
British Minister at Washington, withginstructions
to bring the matter to the attention of the Govern
ment of the U. States, to the end that the American
authorities in Oregon might be advised that they
were themselves guilty of the infractions of the
treaty stipulations between the two Governments,
and that the collector at Astoria might barfnstruct
ed to withdraw the notice he had served upon tho
masters of British merchantmen on the Pacific
ooast. Forthescßntcresting facts we arc chiefly
indebted to the Washington correspondent of the
Cincinnati Gazette, who goes on to inform us, fur
ther that Mr. Crampton has recently obeyed tho
orders of his Government, in gooa temper, but
with rather tart language, and that the whole mat
ter is now before the American Secretary of State.
He also predicts that the American authorities in
Oregon will be fully sustained in the course they
have taken, and thut the British Minister, and not
tho collector of Astoria, will have the privilege of
withdrawing his complaint.
Shocking Mchder and Confession of toe Mcn
debeks. —A respectable man, named Justus Brew
er, and his wife, were both brutally murdered on
the 24th ult., nearGreenuppburg, Ky., by live rnon,
who blacked tneir facet*, and thus dinguined, pro
ceeded to the dwelling of the deceased, and created
a noise among their chickens, which induced the
unsuspecting victims to come out, when they were
knocked down with clubs. Mr. Brewer was in
stantly killed, and his wife so badly, beaten that
she survived but a short time. John Collins, who
instigated the act; his son-in-law, Reuben Clarke;
hia brother-in-law, William Ilood; and Turner
Clarke, who lived with Collins, though not related
to the others, have been arrested, and all of them
but Collins have confessed their guilt, and allcdged
that Collins instigated them to the hornd deed.
Collins and Brewer were members of the same
church, and of the Bume diyison of the Sons ot
Temperance, but recently had a lawsuit. Fie.
Camden and Amiiov Railroad Company.— The
statistics of the Camden aud Amboy Railroad,. as
reported by the State Directors, show a gross m
come of *1,285,508, and the t' r hole number of
through passengers between New York and Phila
delphia 154,863, giving 858,847, or about 28 per
cent, of the gross income. The remamderMpor
iu, n « Ar 556, waa derived from the Mail P4lo*
Line’ vUn2wJ«~7 l * l9B >-
782 ; and from local trave fre L^ t ,%- B ,^ al Sf ,, a? n
the belaware, emigrants, &c„ Thedig
boraementa, of the bn* are reported at |7«7,86»,
ITEMS.
The French President is laying out largo sum ■
of money at the Palnoo of Bt. Cloud, which is to
be one of his summer residences. The triumphal
car, with a colossal statue of tho Emperor, Is or
dered to be finished and placed on the Aro de
l’Etoile, by August 15.
An old Negro preaclior, referring to the judg
ment day, in his sermon, said: ‘Brethren and sis
ters, in that day the Lord shall divido the sheep
from the goats; and bress de Lord, wo know
which wears the mol P
Tho most simple and efficacious “thrashing ma
chine” that has been invented lately, is a good big
cowhide, wieldod by a stout arm.
It is said that when a Russian husband neglects
to boat his wife for a month cr two, she begins to
be alarmod at indifferenee.
For Mechanical Purfosis,—A man in Maine
applied for two gallons of rum Ibr “ mechanical pur
poses.” “For what mechanical purposes ?” asked
tho agent. “ For raising a barn,” was the reply.
Important, ir True. —Letters ft-om Paris state
that tho British Government has officially informed
tho French Government that the moment a Frenoh
soldier is sent aoross the Belgian territory, tlio city
of Antwerp, and tho forts on the Soholdt will bo
occupied with an English army of 10,000 men.
Gambler Lynched. —A gambler named William
son, who attempted to dupe a Californian on board
of the Mississippi river steamer St. Paul, by giving
him to drink liquor drugged with morpbino, with
the intent of robbing him, was taken ashore at
Hickman, ky., by the Californian and his tVionds,
carried into tho woods, tiod to a tree, and treated
to sixty-seven lashes on his bare back—every blow
brought tho blood ft-om tho poor wretch, whose
screams could bo heard a nrilo.
Four oolumns of a northern nowspnpor printed
in very small type, aro occupied by tho advortis
mentol’a quaok deotor, headed “One word to tho
aftlietod.”
“1 wonder (said a Scotch maid) what my bro
ther John soss in the lassies that ho likes them so
well; I would not givo the company of one lad for
20 lassies."
Litsits Nature.—The editor of tlio Charleston
Courier has been shown what ho calls a very extra
ordinary lusns naturas , in the shapo of a hen, in
healthy and flue condition, containing within her
a whole litter of eggs, twenty-five in number,
seventeen of them in foil size enclosed in soft,
wlrito shells or skins and eight yellow eggs of small
size.
The Burlington, Vt., Seutinel says: Sartain’s
Msgazino contains a poem entitled “ Our Baby—
by Phoebe Carey." A pretty thing—but it don’t
compare with our baby—by tho editor of tho Sen
tinel.
An exploring expedition sout by tlio English
into the interior of Southern Africa, has return
ed, and reports the discovery of largo rivors, fortilo
valleys and powerful tribes of blacks.
Earthquakes in Sicily.— A letter from Messina •
of Fob. 2, stntos that for ton days previous the
earth had sliakon violently. Tho houses had thus
far withstood the shocks ; but although no serious
injury had boon sustained, the l'oelings of the in
habitants as well us of resident strangers, were
anything but oomfortable.
Tho British Government has guaranteed bouds
for the construction of a lino of railway ft-om
Halifax to Qucboo. From Quebec a line is to bo
built to eonnoot witli the Niagara Falls and De
troit road. The Detroit Advertiser rejoices over
thoso seliemos, as making that city tho portal to
the trade betweon Halifax und Now Orloans.
Duties.— Every man ought to pay his debts— if
ho can. Every man ought to holp his neighbor—if
he can. Every man and woman ought to got mar
ried—if they ciin. Every man should do his work
to suit his eußtomore—if he can. Everyman should
pleaso his wife—if he oan. Every wife should
ploaso her hnßband—if she can. Evory wife should
sometimes hold hor tongue—if she can. Evory
lawyer should somotimos tell tho truth—if ho can.
Every man should mind Iris own business—if ho
can ; and evory woman too. Evory one should
take the newspaper, and pay for it— any how.
A lottcr from Constantinople of tho 7th states
that the Government has just imposed a pwsonnl
tax on every Turkish subject, without diabnetion
of religion. Tlio minimum is to amount to 90
piuzters (6f. 40o.) a year, and it is thought that the
wholo amount will roach a sum of ono hundred
millions.
The Northampton (Masß.,) Courier states that
M’mo Jenny Lind Goldsohmidt is excessively an
noyed by begging letters. One fellow demanded
tho modest sum of SIO,OOO to snve him from in
solvency. Another asked for $4,000 because his<
grandmotlior’s name was Jenny 1 Anothor ngaim
wanted $8,006 to help a relative start in business.
To supply all these beggars is too much to ask of
even Jonny Lind’s charity.
A Musical Prodigy —The Gazctto Musioalo, a
Frencli paper, gives on account of a prodigious
musical boy, named Frederic Gornaheim, aged only
10 years—who is already vigorous enough os a pi
anist to perform the Conoertos of Webor, Mosohelo
and Mendolssohn in public. Further, he compos
es in full score, is oupable of improvisation, and in
short, reproduces tho marvels of flngor, funoy and
fooling, wrought in his boyish days by little Mo
zart.
Ohnibukes fob Nicaragua. —Contraots have
been entered into by the Atlantic and Pacifio Ship-
Canal Co., for the construction of a largo number
of carriages or omnibuses, to perform the land;
transportation of passengers taking the Nicaragua,
route to the l’ueiflo. They will bo sufficient ini
number to convey 1,500, or upwards.
■William Loftis, 56 years of ago, pleaded Guilty
at the late Superior Court in Elbort County, to two
indictmcutß charging him with the Larceny of two
slaves belonging to Henry B. llulm of Elbert. Ha
was sentenced by his Honor, Judge Baxter, to
nino years imprisonment and labor in the Peniten
tiary.
Tho Prisoner had raised a largo and rospoetablo
family of chilbren all of whom wore married and
were doing well.— Wash. Oaeette.
Courting Distinction,— Tho Cnban prisoners
have made tho North Amorioan Hotel, in the Bow
ery, their headquarters. They held a meeting
yesterday, and resolved “that each member wear a
small bluo ribbon, attached to a piece of black
crape, attached to the loft broost of his coat, in
memory of their lost comrades, and to distinguish
thorn ns moinbers of the Cuban prisoners." Well,,
there is no accounting for taste.—A. Y. Mirror.
Five States, out of the original Thirteon, havcj,
so far, taken measures to bo represented in the
Convention to bo held at Philadelphia on tho
4th of July, with reference to tho erection in Inde
pendence Square, in that city of Monuments com
memorative of the Old Thirteen States which form
ed the federal compaot nt the time of tho Declara
tion of Jndopondonco. The States that have eho
sen delegates thus far are : Massachusetts, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Deloware and Goorgia.
A momorial is about to bo presesented to Con
gress, by parties in New York, offering to cary tho
mails betweon Now Orleans and Kan Francisco,
through, in tho short space of eight days. Tho
route proposed is from New Orleans to Vera Cruz,
and from Vera Cruz to Puebla, and thonco to tho
mouth of the river Mescala, on the Pacific; thence
np the coast to San Francisco. Tho memorialists
say they aro thus enabled to guarantee the trans
portation of the mails botwoen New York and Son
Francisco, in days.
Mortality amono Generals. —Within the five
years which have elapsed since the commencement
of the war with Mexico, no less than thirteen
American Generals have departed this life: Taylor,
Worth, Mason, Brady, Kourncy, Hamer, Hopping,
Belknap, Duncan, Croghan, Breoke, Arbuckie, ana
Whiting.
A highly respectable gentleman, writing from
a town in Illinois to a friend in Baltimore, says:
Your sentiments and mine with regard to Kos
suth I was sure could not differ materially, and I
find that they do not differ at all; but lam sur
prised not to have found any one here, and they
talk a good deal about him, who look upon him aa
anything but a humbug. I think Messrs. Douglas
and Cass will find they have made a mistako in en
deavoring to gain popularity, at least in Illinois, by
making intervention speeches. Fillmore has gain
ed golden opinions by his straightforward oourso
on that subject, as on all others. I hope and trust
he will consent to run, andrcocivo the nomination,
for I believe he is the tnun whom the Whigs have
the host chanco to elect.
The people ofTishmingo county appear to be fu
rious at the action of the Mississippi Legislature in
refusing tho right of way to the Memphis <fc
Charleston Kailroad through their county. A.
largo meeting was hold in Jacinto on the 6th,
which passed the strongest sort of resolutions
against the action of the Legislature, which, if per
sisted in, their members are invited to resign.
The company are in vited to construct the road, and
the people pledge themselves to resist by legal and
forcible means all attempts by “unjust and uncon
stitutional legislation on the part of the State” to
“hinder the building of the road through the coun
ty.” And if the Stgtc attempts to prevent its con
struction, the State taxes are to be withheld and
fmid into tho county treasury “to lie used in rcpel
ing such attempts.”— Huntsville Advocate.
Death of Benjah in Rnider.— By tho arrival of
the steamship Isabel, from Havana, we aro pained
to learn that Mr. Benjamin Rnider, of this place,
died in that city on Thursday, the 11th inst., in
the 51st year of his age. It being inoonvenient to
transfer his remains from tho Isabel to the boat
sent down to communicate with heratTyboe, they
wore taken on to Charleston, whence ibey were
brought to Savannah, on the Motamora this eve
ning, for interment.
Mr. Snider had gone to Havanna on account of
his precarious health, which had been failing him,
for a year or more. He waa accompanied by his
son who was with him in his last moments. His
wife hearing of his critical condition, took passage
on the Isabel on her last trip hence, but unfortu
nately arrived about an hour after hia death.— Sav.
Hep. VHh inti.
The Art-Union, New York, has been declared by
tlie Keoordor of that city to ba an illegal association.
The case came up in the Court of Sessions onindict
ment against the editor of the Herald for a libel tax
the managers. The Recorder delivered an elaborate
opinion, quashing the indictment for defects of
force as on the ground that the American Art-Un
ion is a lottery, within the meaning of tho prohi
bitions of the constitution of the State, and having
therefore no legal exiatenee, cannot b* libeled.
Jack Stevens, arrested in Philadelphia and
brought here and oommitted to jail on snspioion of
being one of the bank robbers, was brought ont
yesterday for examination, beforo Justioe John
Nash. James Murdaugh, Esq., Commonwealth’s
Attorney, and Tazewell Taylor, &q., of Norfolk,
appeared on bohalfof the prosecution, and Wm. D.
•Scnoolfleld, Esq., for tho prisoner. Several wit
ne»PO»were examined, but no evidence was elicited
to prove positive guilt on the part of the
although circumstances render it possible, if not
probable, that he was one of the robbers. It 'oeing
understood that there were other witnesses in
Philadelphia, whoso tssiimony was important, the
examination was continued till Mor J( loy next.—
Portsmouth, Va., Transcript.
A Noted Character GoN*._Reuben Edmond
son, better known as “Jock Bowers,” tho most
noted thief in the Mississippi Valley, died in Bt.
Louis on the 6th Instant. He was sixty three
years of age, and stated in a confession, whioh ho
rnado just before his death, that ho had been ar
rested one hundred and fifteen times, and incarce
rated in various prisons sixty-one times.
Auctioneer having a horse to sell that coaid not
be induced to cross a bridge which lay in the way
of his master’s country residence, advertised him
as “sold for no fault but that his ownor was desir
ous of going out rs the dtp."
The Ward elections held by the Demoorete of
the city of Baltimore on Wednesday evening, for
the purpose of seleoting delegates to tho conven
tion whioh is to elect delegates to the National
Democratic Convention, resulted in every instance
in the eleotion of persons who are in Ihvor of the
nomination of Gen. Case for the Presidency.