Newspaper Page Text
Volume X]
WEEKLY",
15Y PHILIP C. GC7IEU.
ITT NEW ARRYNGEMENT.
A c experience has discovered to us the little
attention paid to p inting debts, xncl the threat
tli ft'* r * l l l y and expense n entire* ih£ such cl b’s,
St as v few only can be called liberal in paying
punctually uhi’ they owe justly, o the primer,
v.e have, after due contideration, come to this
conclusion, that we ought not to give credit
We are compelled, berefore, to adp anew
plun. In to'i'i ju ice of h,* determination,
our terms'-h: . f ’ :*ure b y fl, >< he paper three
do lirs pci • n. . , 1 in advance—lour
V d'dlarg, >.f paid wi’ii n h x moi.ihi —aid five
/ loh ir* if pa>d only a tlie end of h - year
For a Sv r ■ men!*, Miev are to be pa and in ad
vance sheriff aales exr.ep'ed which are io be
paid quar’erlv Th above rule> shall be
stric iv observed, w t no ne need apply who
is not ready to comply wi ! h tiiem
Tern-of Ad\ ,rising. /Scents per square
so <e first ‘nserti >r>, and 62 i-2 cents tor
each continuation
flff* IVE are requested to announce
JOfLY W. COOPER, Frq as a
candidate for Justice of the Inferior
Court. Jlpril 10, 182 k
((fV* H> hare been equated to an
nounce lIUHtRO HUDSPETH,
Esq as a a candidate for Justice of
the Inferior Court .
April 10, 1824.
[F ‘otn the Georgia Journal J
INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Department of hii )
17ih FVlhmi ry. 18*4 5
Sin—l a u directed by the Presi
dent of ilie IJ died Slate* to enclose
for y *ur information* copies of a
com ou teati<hi from tlio Cjerokee
delegation now a? tin* piace, the an
swer of ihis Department lo their
c( , miuoi*'aiion. and llieir reply* by
which you will perceive that ihe
nation is vory adverse to uiiki g a
ny additional cessions of lauds io tlie
Uni ed ’hates,
I avail myself of the oppori unify
to assure you* that it will affo.d
the President mu h pleasure to a
and pt any measure in hi* power,
whi<’h may fe <d to tho fu fihueni of
(lie eonvedton with the Hiaie of
Georgia, wi(h the leas’ possible de
lay. With this view tie would he
gratified to receive the aid of your
opinion on a suhje* t so i Merestiug
to the slat# 1 over which you preside.
I have the honor to be, your moil
obedient servant,
J. C. CALHOUN.
His Ex. George !Vf. f*, us,
MiTedgcville, Geo.
Tim ‘ in’s Hotei, “)
Ci'y of Washington, Jan 1 9th 1824 y
To hi;- Exc llency Alunr .e, President
t lie United Sta'es of America.
Father —'The delegation of the J
Cher Mation, have taken their j
brother the Secretary of War by Hie !
band, and have had * lie honor and
sa (“faction of being introduced bv
him you; and wo hire ■* Ai,.ed
your rigli* hand, as tue giea Fith
crofail tho red. as well a* wnite
child eu, within the ii tins of these
United S aes. to u.v lake ceu
sion lo ooio;u.,i •, e apart of ihe
bu siness on which we a e miru*ed,
be.iievi.ig the subject* eiii-T'aned, re
quire your mutt Jid.o atteuHoo,
therefore have thought pr >per t •
present tlieui directly before you—
A oommiiuieaiio'i comprising the -
ther objects of our mission* is made
through the Department of War.
Father —The ignorant and wret
ched condition of your red ctnldreu,
makes them in some degree inferior
so (heir while brethre t, hut as a
parent, you have oo‘despised them
on account of their unfortunate si u
atioo; but you have sympathized in
their misfortunes, n .and have endeav
ored to relieve them in some degree
of iheir uuhappy couditiou Your
magnanimous and benevolent exer
tions have uot been in vuio. as res.
peels the Cherokees —Education,
agriculture, and the media tie arts,
have been introduced among them,
and are now progress! >g as rapidly
as can reasonably be expected. * ihe
libera! encouragement given by the
®Ati o for general improvement cau
not fail t > accomplish their com
plete civilization—True, there are
many wuu have been ra sed under
the native hamts ut their ancestors,
who cannot be expected to abandon
wholy he favorite customs which
have beets imbibed intheiryoufhjUie
partiality a id prejudices in fa* p of
their fathers, are naturally strong;
The Washington News.
I but u ider the present aspect of im
i proveineot, they will not fail to en
| courage their children to adopt the
prevails g h bi(s of industry a id ei
i vilizaiio ‘herefore as Hie old stub
hies disappear, the iew spurn; s
will flourish u ider eultiv 4*ion.
Fuihe —\:s die prosperity ad
, future happiness of die Cueroktc
people, res.s on ihe magnanimity
and fostering care of the g.ver .
incnt over vviiich you preside, it it
the o ily source wuere we can {ire
sent our grievances for ju ti e ami
redress— berefore we .vill speak
with candor and truth. The Cner
okee nation labor u der a peculiar
inconvenience, from the repeated
I appropriations which arc made for
! the purpose of hoidi g treaties v\Mh
them f-r la ads; this circums an ce
lias been pro lu.Mtve of mueu evil to
i the improvement of the oation
j in die arts of civilized life, as it
j cannot he denied dial it has retard
ed its pr gross, by unsettling the
prospects of individuals.
Tlie Cherokee nation have now
come In a derisive and unalterable
conclusion, uot to cede away any
m*re lands, Tue limits reserved
by them under tue treaty of 18111,
is not in <re than i>utri-bent for their
comfort and convenience, inking in
to consideration ilieg eal body of
liioiiotai.i* and poor landi which cau
never be settled. It is a gratifying
trudi mat the Cherokees are rapid
ly increasing in population; there
fore it is an in um ic.u doty on die
na<ioti, *o preserve unimpaired tile
righ sos poateiiiy to ihe lands of
their ancestors. We have told you
of the derisive and unalterable dis
posi'ion .f the uatioo in regard lo
Iheir lands.
Fuller —Ve would now beg your
i iteeposuioo with Congress, to be
half if your red children, the Cher
okees. so that proved.m may b
made by law, io audianse an ad
justmeni n-eiween the U. btate and
the siale of Georgia, so dial the
former may he released from the
existing impact, so la a. respects
the extiaguidim *n of Cherok -e ti
tie to land* width* the chartered li
mits oi Georgia.
Father— We now approaeli a sub
ject which we a e constrained to
communicate under the authority of
our iasiructions. If is with deep re
gret we have to staie that the na
tion have not that full confidence io
the impartial disposition of the pre
sent Agent, lo administer jusih-e
between the red man and while man,
as is necessary for a public, ofli er
to maintain. This want of confi
dence have arisen from peculiarly
imp *jingei*euui9Un<ies, which can
not he reconciled as having inadver
tently transpired. Therefore, un
der these painful circumstances, the
authorities of the nation have been
**o trained to tell the truth of their
sediments to their Father the Pre
sident. And desiring a permaie.it
a cl ver!asiicg friendship and pro
te (ion from the exalted govern
ment* under whi h we have been
preserved and fostered; and the of
fi ic ot Indian Agent, being the ora
cle through which the g overnment
receives its official information el
aiivc to die eofidu t a .and disposition
of the red people, tiow important it
is to have au impartial \gent, un
biassed from selfish or inimical mo
tives, to represent them ? There
fore. wo earnestly soli-it and entreat
you, as a grateful and sympathiz
iog bather* to look on your red
children, the Cherokees—ee their
situft ioo—picy (hem, aid give them
anew Agent, whom they may re
joice io holding fast by the hand as
a brother; in so doing, your red
children, wiio have appealed to your
magnanimity, us iu duly bound,
will ever pray.
Father— Permit us to add, and
cad your attention to a trealy which
was cmered into between the Cher
okee nation aid Daniel Smith and
Return J, Vleigs, commisdoaers
duly autbu ised by the then P esi
dcoi ( ?Ir Jefferson,) of the U iiied
fcia cs. on ihe 2i h O t. 18bi. for
a tract ot laud iu me state of Geor
gia* known by the name of \Vaffrd ? s
Settlement; lor which cession the
. nation was to receive one thousand
j dollars annually; for reasons not
WASHINGTON, (Georgia) SATURDAY, MAY l, 1824.
insr.y k. own o u*. (tii trc'ifv was
not \ fi ‘d. (nit the I ! niffd States
Uep possession at flip land; there
by and prived the nation *<*neiv
ing he equivalent for wh h if was
hi* A* this w*n! dnh an*
h ried ad fm'!v enteced iito
a "‘l *b** T ‘life'’ re.-eived (he
Irtiid which ‘he hod treated ft, wc
conceive it hut just that the Cipro
kees sliouM ~o*pjve the cqniv.
aYnf lor v fi * h tt>,*v s*dd # !ie land;
f herefoi e we h'ne imp firesofit fa
ther, the President . n d the Senate
ot toe I.uated States, will reconsid
er the subject, and ratify (.he afore-
f r * a?’. *tftv the blessings of
a kind Provideriec reef upon you
and h!I who dwell under you p &a
nd istrntion, t?j f sincere prayer
of your Cherokee children,
jorr.v VOSS,
CEO Louver.
-Jo ninat,
ELIJdR OV KS.
A true oopy—Jan. 28, IB2i.
fCOPY.)
Department of War , 1
January 3iHh,Ts2i. f
Gentlemen— nr President has
received your letter of the 19*h inst.
and at ter giving toil tnat mature
consideration which the importance
of tlie subject, to which it refers,
demands, he lias directed me to
communicate to you the following
answer.
By the compact with Georgia, the
U. States are hound lo extinguish
lor the use of the stale, the Indian
title to lands within the state, so
soon as It ran he done peaceably, and
on reasonable conditions, and the
Legislature and Executive of Geor
gia, now press the fulfilment of that
stipulation, with the utmost possible
earnestness. This government is
anxious to fulfil the agreement, pro
vided it. can he done, on conditions
which accord with the import of the
compact, ard which will also he
satisfactory to (he Imliana. With a
view to this object, we wish to have
a ftv.e communication with you the
Chiefs of the Cherokees, and to ap
peal to ihe good sense, and the in
terest of the nation as painted out
hv their own experience and by that
ot their ancestors for two centuries
ha* k.
You must be sensible that it will
be imp< ssible for you to remain, for
any length of time, in your present
situation, as a distinct society, nr
nation within the limits of Georgia,
or of any other state.—Such a com
munity is incompatible with our
system, and must vield <o it. This
truth is too striking and obvious,
not to he seen by ail of you. Mur
rounded es you are by the people of
the several states, you must eith
er cease tobe a distinct community,
and become at no distant period, a
part of Ihe state within whose lim
its you are, or remove beyond the
limits of any state. For the Unit
ed States to fulfil the compact with
Georgia, the tide which you hold
to lands, as a distinct community,
aiust be extinguished, and the state,
objects to the extinguishment of k,
by vesting in you, or any of you,
in lieu (hereof, the right of individ
ual ownership. If any of you ac
quire that right to land, and re
main (here, after (he hood, wMch
holds you together, as a distinct
community, is dissolved, and your
present title is extinguished, it must
be by purchasing the property and
acquiring the title from the slate,
within which it lies.
Il remains for the Cherokee na
tion to decide for iiself* whether it
will contribute most to their own
welfare and happiness, for them to
retain their present title to their
lands, and remain where they *re
exposed to the discontent of Geor
gia and the pressure of her ciuzess,
or to rede it to the United Sta’es
for Georgia, at a fair price to be
paid, either in other lands beyond
the Mississippi, or io money to be
vested inlands, to be purchased f r
them, as individuals, within that
or any other s.ate Should the na
tion decide to relinquish its present
title, and to ado;J cither of the al
ternatives suggested, this govern
ment ?s disposed so act generously
with tbirtn. If they prelor to move
ia a body westward of the Mississip
pi, measures will he taken to ac
quire lands for them there, in suf
ficient amount, and in the quarter
most agreeable to them. Facilities
will also he afforded Tor their remo
val. Should they prefer to receive
Hie value of their title, in money,
with a view (o purchase lands, in
any ,f the states, and become citi
zens thereof, in that ease a lair
price will be given, and proper aid
afforded them, for the accomplish- j
merit of their object. Should the
nation divide, and a portion of it
pass the Mississippi, and (he resi
due remain on this side, measures
Will be taken to give effect to their
wishes, by the compact lobs enter
ed into, in both respects.
1 have the honor &. &e.
(Signed) J. C. CALHOUN.
Messrs. John JT.ss,
Geo Ijuwaky, ! . , ,
Major Ridge, >Cherokee delegation
Elijah Hicks. J
(COPY.)
City of Washingto... Feb. 11, 1524.
Hon. Jobm C Calhoun,
Secreiarv at War,
Sir—We have received your let
ter of (he 30th ulf. containing the
answer, which the President direct
ed you to communicate lo us, in re- j
ply to a particular subject embraced j
in Hie letter which we had the ho- i
nor oflaying before him on the 19th
ult. In this answer we discover
new propositions for the extinguish
ment o Cherokee title to la ids, for
the benefit of Georgia. We beg j
leave to say to the P'csident, thro* J
you, the Cherokee nation are sen- |
sible, that the United Slates arc ]
hound by its compact with Georgia, I
to extinguish for (ho use of that
state, the Indiau title to lauds with
in the limits claimed by the slate, i
as soon as it can be done peaceably 1
and on reasonable conditions; ana j
are a! so sensible that this compact, j
is no more than a eondhional one, !
and without the free and voluntary
consent of the Cherokee nation, can 1
never be complied with on the part
of the Ui'ited Slates; aud having
been duly authorised, to make
known to the government of the U.
States, the true sentiments and dis
position of the nation on this sub
ject, the President has been infor
med, that “ the Cherokees have
come to a desire and unalterable
conclusion never to cede away any
more lands 99 And as the extin
guishment of Cherokee title to lauds,
can never he obtained, on conditions,
which will accord with the import
of the compact he: ween the United
Slates and Georgia, it is desirable
that the government should adopt
fcumc other means to satisfy Geor
gia, than to remata any longer uu
der anticipation of beiog enabled to
accomplish the object of purchasing
the Cherokee title The U. States
now possess an extensive territory
iu the Floridas; why not extend the
litffits to Georgia in that section of
country, if her present bounds he
considered too small ? The Chero
kee nation have never promised to
surrender at any future period, to
the Catted States for Georgia, their
title to la ids, but the contrary, the
United States have by treaties, so
lemnly guaranteed to secure to the
ChiVokeea Urever, their title to
lands which have been reserved bv
them Therefore the state of Geor
gia can have no reasonable plea a
gaiust the Cherokees, for refusing
to yield their Ihtle all to the United
States, s*> that her own aggrandise
ment may he raked upon their ru
ins. Youexnrtss a wish to have
a free comuiu • ation with us on
the subject, and to appeal lo the
go and sense, and to the interest of
the .atioo, as p anted out by their
own experieo e, and by that of their
amiestoi * for two centuries hack. In
a cordat.ee with your wish, we will
sp'*a': rankly, and wi’ball the good I
sense w.e may possess, and keeping
strictly i* view the interest of our I
naunn* looking back to circnmstaa- i
res whi h have transpired, and en
deavor t. “- ace the <*auses whi* h
produt ed h*m, and also to observe
the present state of thing*, and
look forward io such objects, as
may be praciii-ally attainable, for
the best inierest of the Cherokee
people. By iraci g the situation
of up ancestors for two hi. ,t t J
years bank, we see aatiiiug desira-
ble, iKi* inii.li ti de til ore.— sue
happi >css wuich rie Indians once
e joyed, by a quiet-arid undisturb*
ed ease, in iheir p hnitive situati >n,
heT re the fire of diet white inn
was seen or, (his e< was now
poisoned by (he !><i l i\ uits of Hie -m
----vilized Tree, wh'ch was plant; and a
ro ind Hiem;Tutnuituoimvacg nr .*,
& the mountains \ Hie plains w ’ra
covered with carnage, and (he Uly
sian rallies drenched with blood Y
many noble tribes, whose unfortu’
nate doom ii whs to have been over
shadowed, withered, and are no
more. Suob are (lie scenes brought
to our view, by looking back to ihe
situations of our ancestors, at tha
period to whi h you have called our
attention. Let us now for amomem,
seriously reflect on too true causes,
which have universally produced ihe
exliuclioo of Indian tribes, when
they beoa&ne emerged into the white
population; and we doubt aot, that
it will he admitted at once, that by
ambition, pride, and avariciousness
of the civilized man, (he untutored
sons of nature became a prey; de
frauded out of iheir lauds—treated
a* interior beings, on aeooum of
their poverty and ignorance, they
became associated with the I >west
grade of society, ‘rom whom Hi®
habits of intemperance, debauche
ry, and ali the vices of degradation
peculiar to that class, were by them
soon imbibed—Their lands having
been swept from under their feet by
the ingenuity of whiteman, ami be
ing left destitute of a home, ignor
ant of the arts and sciences, and
possessing no experience in the em
ployment of a laborious aul indus
trious life, to obtain a living, they
became straggling wanderers a
morgst strangers, and by oppres
sions their spirits were depressed,
and considering themselves degrad
ed, they were induced to hurry a
wav their troublesome existence*
by inhaling the noxious vapours of
intemperance, a fatal remedy to set
tle their doom of extinction. Sueh
have been the oireuinsrances ao( j
causes, which have swept into obli
vion, the names of many tribes of
Indians that once possessed aud in
habited the soil of (he U. Sta ei;
and such must he (he fate THns©
tribes nowin existence, should they*
be merged into the while population*
before (hey become eomplrelv civ*
ilized, and ahull have learned the
arts and sciences; and such would
be the fate of a large portion f the
Cherokee nation, were they to eedo
away all their lands, and now be
come incorporated with ih whites.
—You say that we must he sensible*
that it wiil be impossible for us to
remain, for any length of time, in
our present situation, as ads i toG
society or n&doo, within the hmita
of Georgia, or of any other statej
and that such a community is in
compatible with your system, and
must yield to it, and that we must
either cease to be a distinct commu
nity, and become at no distant pe
riod a part of the state within whoso
limits we are, or remove without
the limits* of any state. And that
** it remains tor the Cherokee ia
tion to decide for itself, whether it
will contribute most to their own
welfare and happiness, for them to
retain their present title ‘O their
lands, aud remain where they a r e*
exposed to the diseouteut of Geor
gia, and the pressure of her citi
zen*, or to cede it to the U. States
for Georgia, at a fair prioe, to ba
paid either in ether lands beyond the
Mississippi, or in money/* Sir, to
these remarks we beg ieave to ob
serve. and io remind you, that th©
Cherokees are not foreigners, hut
origioal inhabitants of America,
aodtha? ?hey now inhabit and stand
on the soil of their own territory,
and that ihe limits of their territory
are defined by the treaiies whieU
they have made wi ll the govern
ment o* the United States, aud that
ihe sta*e* hy whi* Ii they are now
surrounded* have keen ere ted out
of lauiL wtiieh was on e me.. and
tli ii H.iev cannot re* ognize the sove
*e g/ity of any safes vv h a the Ii-
Dish of taeir territory.
C tufid g in (tie good faith of the
United .>*.a e to respeui iheir trea
ty a'.tpuU ions, with ihe Cherokee
oat’ois, w< Ii avc o hesiian uin ray
ing, thaw tue true interest, prespe-
[No. 13.