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VOL 4.]
* PUBLISHED WEEKLY
VHOZOAS A. 3PA6TCVS.
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O'For the information of our advertising
friends, w J e publish the following Law Requisites.
Sales of Land and Negroes, by Administrators
Executors or Guardians, are required, by law,
to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, be
tween the hours often in the forenoon and three
in the afternoon, at the Court-House of the.cotlh
ty in which the property is situate.—Notice of
these rules riiust be given in a gazette SIXIY
days previous to the day of sale.
Notice of the sale of personal property must be
given in tike ratmuer, FORTY days previous to
ihe day of sale.
Notice to the debtors and creditors t>fan estate,
SDust be puhlished for FORTY days.
Notice that application will be made to the Court
j©f Ordinary for leave to sell land, or Negroes,
must be published lot FOUR MONTHS.
== NOTICE.
ALL persons having demands h
gainst the estate of Fedcr
ick Patterson, late of Oglethorpe
county deceased, are requested to
present them duly authenticated,
and those indebted will please make
immediate payment as indulgence
will not be given.
John Rupert, adra r.
June 14th -1630. 1 —fit.
BIOTICE,
indebted to the es
jl tate of Mrs. Cecelia Porter de
ceased, late of Wilkes county, are
called on to make early payment;
and all those having claims against
the said estate, are hereby required
to present them to the subscriber,
properly authenticated within the
time prescribed by law, or this will
tie plead in bar against them.
A. 11. Gibson, adtn’r. !
June 28, 1830. 2—6 t.
DISSOLUTION,
THE firm of John and James
Anderson is this day dissolved
by mutual consent.
John It Anderson,
James M. Anderson.
, June 21, 1830'. I—3t
LAW.
Robert ?f. Toombs,
OFFERS his professional ser
vices to the public. —lie will
practice in the several courts of the
Northern circuit.—Office, Washing
ton, Wilkes county, Georgia.
June 21, 1830. I—lm.
Printersl Printers!
A YOUNG MAN from the City
of New York, by profession a
Printer, is desirous of taking charge
of the Typographical Department o!
a Printing Establishment, in some
healthy situation.-—-Unquestionable
Reference can be produced. —Any
Communication, [postage paid,] sta
ting positive particulars, as to Lo
cation, Terms, &c. &c. addressed
ed to the Editor of the “Gospel
JJerald,” AUGUSTA, GEORGIA,
will m “‘‘t with attention.
,rr t-riimr.,” tieor K‘ aand A,abama . are ~p
_ *0 insert ihe at. -> , t c .1 1
qwesiea ,unts to the ai tl:e Go! P d
ward .their ...
Herald” in Augusta. i_— ljt
June 21, 1830.
j, ——- ■ ~
Four months ai*. e, ‘
date application will be made to the Honorable
the inferior Court of Oglethorpe county, when
sitting for Ordinary purposes, for leave to sell a
the interest of John Thompson, deceased, m and
to Lot N* 116 formerly fi dliClct Coweta county
Thomas Moody, adm r.
April Ist. ISHO.
Four months after
on will he mode to tte Honorable
****.’ “.WinfVoJ. < of Elbert county while sitting
thelntermt for leave to sell a part of
Z Carter, late of said
County deceased. ,
Richard Fortspn, ex r.
A|*i23d, 1838.
WASHINGTON, (GA.) TUESDAY, JULY (i, 1830.
Johnson ’a Report.
UNITED STATES SENATE, January, 1829.
The Committee to whom was ref erect the several
petitions on the subject ofniails on the Sabbath,
or the Ist dau ofthe week.
REPORT:
That some respect is required frditi the ordina
ry vocations of life, is an established principle
sanctioned by the usages of uli nations, whether
Christian or Fagan One day in seven has also
beendetermined upon as the proportion of time;
and in conformity with the wishes of the great
majority df citizens of this country, the first day
ofthe week, commonly called Sunday, has been
set apart to that object. The principle has re
ceived die sanction of the national legislature, so
far as to udinit a suspension of all public business
on that day, except in cases of absolute necessity,
or of great public utility. This principle, the
committee would not wish to disturb. Jf kept
within its legitimate sphere of action, no injury
can result from its observation. It should, how
ever, be kept in mind, that the proper object of
government is, to protect all persons in enjoy
ment of their religions, as well as civil rights; and
not to determine for auy, whether they shall es
teem one day above another, orcsteein all days
alike holy.
| We are aware, that a variety of sentiment ex
ists among the good citizens of this nation, on
the subject ofthe Sabbath day ; and our govern
ment is designed for the protection of one, as much
as for another. The Jews, who, in this country
areas free as Christians, and entitled to Che same
protection from the laws, derived their obligation,
to keep the .bubbath from the fourth com
mandment of their decalogue, ami in conformity
with that injunction, pay religious homage to the
seventh day ofthe week, which \yo call Saturday.
One dcnommaiion of Christians among us, justly
celebrated for their piety, and certainly as good
citizens as any other class, agree win the Jews in
the moral obligation of the Sabbath, and observe
the same day. There are also many Christians
among us. who derive not their obligation to ob
serve the Sabbath from the decalogue, but re
gard the Jewish Sabbath as abrogated. From
the example of the Apostles of Christ they have
chosen the first day ofthe week, iustead of that
day set apart in the decalogue, for their religious
devotions. These have generally regarded the
observance of the day as a devotional exercise,
and would not more readily enforce it upon o
thers, than they would enforce secret prayer„or
devout meditations. Urging the fact that neither
their Lord nor his disciples, though often censur
ed by their accusers for a violation of the Sab* I
bath, ever enjoying its observance, they regard
it as a subject on which every person should be
fully persuaded in his dwn mind, and not coerce
others to act upon his persuasion. Many Chris
tians again dilFcr from these, professing to de
rive their obligation to observe the Sabbath from
the fourth commandment of tiic Jewish deca
logue, and bring the example of the Apostles,
who appear to have held their public meetings for
worship on the first day ofthe week, as authority
for so fur changing the decalogue, as to substitute
that day for the seventh. The Jewish govern
ment was a theocracy, which enforced religious
observances; and though the-committee would
hope that no portion ofthe citizens of our country j
could willingly introduce a system of religious J
coertion in our civil institutions, the example ol i
other nations should admonish us to yare- i
fully against its uni ties* intliccUiuu, f
N'illi tk diflW.-- w.views, the com- j
I ‘'Uttee dtp f>f inat Congress cannot inter- ;
sere. It is not the legitimate province ofthe le
geslature to determine what religion is true, or
what fahte. Otir government is a civil, and uot a
religious institution. Our Constitution recogniz
es in every person, the right to choose his own
religion, and to enjoy it freely, without molesta
tion Whatever may be the religious sentiments
of citizens, and however varient, they arc alike
entitled to protection from the government, so
long as they do not invade the rights of others.
Tiie transportation of the mail ou the first day
ofthe week wit is believed, docs not interfere with
the rights of conscience The petitioners for its
discontinuance appear to be actuated from a reli
gious zeal, wL • h may be commendable if confin
ed to its proper sphere; but they assume a posi
tion better sailed to an ecclesiastical than to a ci
vil institution.—They appear, in many instances, |
to lay it down as an axiom, that the practice is a j
violation of the law of God. Should congress, in j
their legislative capacity, adapt the sentiment, it i
would establish the principle, that the Legisla
ture is a proper tribunal to determine what are
the laws of God. It would involve a legislative
decision in a religious ( ontroversv: and ou a point
in which good citizens may honestly differ in opi
nion, without disturbing the peace of the society,
or endangering its liberties. If thift principle is
once introduce, it will be impossible to define it
bounds. Among all the religious persecutions
with which almost evftry page of modern history
is stained, no victim ever suffered bjit for the vio-
lation of what government denominated the law
of God. To prevent a similar train of evils in this j
country the C onstitution has wisely withheld from j
our government the power ot defining the Divine i
Law. It is a right reserved to each citizen; and j
while he respects the equal rights of others, lie
cannot be held amenable to any human tribunal
for his conclusions.
Extensive religious combinations, to effect a po
litical object, are, in the opinion of the commit
tee, always dangerous. This firs 4 efifort of the
kind, calls v for the establishment of ti principle,
which in the opinion of committee, would lay the
the foundation of dangerous innovations upon the
spirit of the Caoctitution, and upon the religious
rights of the citizens. If admitted, it may be
justly apprehended, that the future measures of
government will be strongly marked, if not even
tually controlled, by the same influence. All re
ligious despotism conmences by combination and
influence: and when that influence begins to 4-
perate upon the political institutions of a country,
the civil power soon bends under it; and the
catastrophe of other nations furnished an awful
warning of the consequence.
Under the present regulation of the Post Office
DepJ rtment , t,ie r '&^ ts of conscience are not in
vaded %cr y Q S ent enters voluntarily, and it
” limed con’' dcmioils *J '‘. nto “. ,e discharge of
L dutie., without im‘" , “ rdi, "S '*“■ ■•-
!„ce of another, l'ost olßc** are
that a small proportion ofthe ~I S °* *' h . e
week is required to he occupied in o.- ,<JUI D “ sl ’
ness. In the transportation of the mail v ll ‘fj® 1
day, no one agent is employed many hours. Re*
ligious persons enter into the business without vi
olating their own consciences, or impossing any
restraints upon others.—Passengers in the mail
stages are free to rest during the first day of the
week, or to pursue their journeys at their ow n
pleasure. While the mail is transported ou Sa
turday, the Jew and the Sabbatarian may abstain
from any agency in carrying it, from conscien
ious scruples. r * While it is transported on the
first day of the week another class may abstain,
*froip religious ofc;lifa-
(tion of government is the s;fcic to both ol these
classes ; uiul the committee cost dtsrm er no pi in
uiple on which the claims of one should be mure
respected than those of the other, unless it should
beudinittcd that the conscience bf the minority
arc less sacred than those ofthe majority.
It is the opinion of the committee, that the sub
ject should be regarded simply as a question of
expediency, irrespective of its religious bearing.
In this light, it hits hitherto bdeu considered.
Congress lias never legislated upbn the subject.
It rests as it ever has done, in tha legal disc.e
tiou of the Po3tmister General, uneel* the repeal*
ed refusals of Congress to discontinue the Sab
bath mails. iJiskuowledge ami jtnscmeut in ail
the concerns of that department, will not be
questioned.—Hi# intense labors and assiduity
have resulted in the highest improvement of eve
ry branch or his department. It is jiactised on
ly on the great leading mail routs,land such o
thersas are Accessary to maintain their connex
ions. Td prevent this, in tie opinion of
the committee, be productive of immense injury,
both in its commercial,political, asd in its mo
ral bearings.
ihe various departments of government re
quire, frequently in peace, always in war, the
speediest intercourse with the remotest parts of
the country; and one important object of the
mail establishment is* to furnish fhc greatest and
most ecuuomirinl facilities lot such
The delay’of the mails oi)p
would require the employment
sus, at greafexpenst, and
The conHiiereial irtamthrt tta^BjpHKu !- 1
Dual interests of o<ir Pountt
connected, as to require a i
expeditious correspondence ‘■Rw i x tali’ 5, st&’H
ports, ompbetwixt them amrjfe inost prtgirqV:|
settlements. The delay of |
Sunday, would give occasion to tf^Blwid.ol
of private expresses; to such4an aMßfelhnt;
juobabiy ten be
one mail is ficfvv running oh
diverting the revenue of ihnt lepdr(^|H||MHw^^
a state of pusiliauirnity! with
dignity bf the government of which it is a depart- f
ment. /. .. j
Passengers in the mail stages, If the mails rtre ;
not permitted to proceed on Sunday, will be ex- j
peeled to spend that day in . tavern upon the
road, generally under circumstances not friendly
to devotion, and at an expense which many are
bat poorly üblo to micormtcr. Tu obviate those
diilicult Ci, many will employ extra carriages
for their conveyance, and become the bearer* of
correspondence, as more expeditions than the
mail The stage proprietors will themselves of-
I ten furnish tiie travellers with thote means of!
conveyance; so that the effect will ultimately be j
only to stop the mail, while the vehicle which j
conveys it will continue, and its passengers be
come the special messengers for conveying a con
siderable proportion of what would otherwise
constitute the contents of the mail.
Nor can the committee discover where the sys
tem could consistently end. If the observance of
a holy day becomes Incorporated in our institu
tions, bh 11 we not foibid the movement of an ar
my ; prohibit an assault in time ot war; and lay
an injunction upon our uaval officers to lie in the
wind while upon the ocean on that day ? Consis
tency would seem toTequire it. Nor Is it certain
I that we should stop here. If thto principle is once
j established, that religion, or religious observan- 1
J ces, shall be interwoven with our lcg'slutijtf? acts, J
:we must pursue it to its ultimatum*—VVe shall, it I
ieoiuute.it, provide Ivr til* ot ***‘ H *;“* ‘
| tor tnc Tvor> trrjr ,/t t ‘rrr v. reator, and for the stip- /
| port of Christian ministers, if e believe such,
: measures will promote the interest of Christiaui- j
ty. It is the settled conviction of tlje
tiiat the only method of avoiding, these conse
quences, with their attendant train of evils, is to
adhere strictly to the spirit ot the Constitution,
which regards the general government in no <>-
titer light than that of a civil institution, wholly
destitute of the religious authority.
What other nations call religious toleration,
we call religious rights* They are not exercised,
in virtue of governmental inditlgcAtt. but as
rights, of which government cannot deprive any
portion of citizens, however small. Despotic
power may invade those rights, but justice still
Confirms Jiciid Let the national legislature once
perform an act which involves the decisiqd of a
religious controversy, and it will have passed its
j legitimate bounds. The precedent will then
! be established, and the foundation laid for thatu
! surpation ofthe Divine prerogative ill this coun
j try, which has been the rfcsolating scou.g? to the
- tairest portions of the old wurld. Our Constitu
tion recognizes no other power than that of per*
sualion, for enforcing religious observances.
Let the professors of Christianity recommend
their religion by deeds of benevolence—by Chris*
tiun meekness—by lives of temperance and holi
ness. Let them combine their efforts to instruct
the ignorant—to relieve the widow and the or
phan— to the world the gospel of their Saviour,
recommending its precepts by their habitual o,x
a m pie: government will find its legitimate object
in protecting them. It cannot oppose them, and
j they will not need its aid. Tk<-ir moral irufiu
, etice will then do infiuately more to advance -the
| true interests of religion, than any measures
j which they call on Congress to enact,
j The petitioners do not complain of any infringe
ment upon their own rights. They enjoy all that
Christians Ought to ask at the iiao i of any govern
ment* —protection from all molestation in the ex
ercise of their religious sentiments.
Resolved, That the Committee be dischargad
from the further consideration of the subject.
EXTRACT FROM
Mr. Lumpkin’s Speech,,
On tiie!,ill providing for the removal ofthe Indians
Mr. Chairman: Having given an
outline Bfthe origin and progress of
Indian emigration, and the support
and favour whicli it has received
from most of our distinguished states
men and patriots, I noxv say, the
experiment has J>een sufficiently tes
ted, to induce'a’ targe majority of
the people of t[iis Union ardently to
desire its consummation. If it he
inquired how I arrive at this conclu
sion, I answer from the best index
to public opinion— the press. At the
pf@sent day, the press in our coun
try is resorted to by every class of
the community, civil and religious,
to dissemminate their opinions. The
press seems to keep pace with the
formation of new societies;-and we
bid fair to outstrip any people in the
world in tiie number and variety oi
societies. Every new society seems
to he resolved to have a primt'tig
press-, and I regret tu see so'inaivjTof
these new societies—established, no
doubt, fromgootl motives—throwing
their support, on many occasions,
into the scales of political dema
gogues. Men the most profligate
often.become the dictators of all the
influence that these well-meaning
people can bring into operation.
Well, Sir, if the press be the best
index to opinion, the people
of this county are wuh us. 1 do
not mean to he misunderstood, that
more printing is done on our side
than on the side of our opponents.
No, Sir, they greatlV exceed us in
quantity: but their printing is confi
ned to a limited circle. I invite
yottr attention to the tone ofthe
press on this subject, in off the dif
ferent sections mid neighborhhbds of
the whole country. Even in those
‘sections ofthe Union wherewcmeet
‘-\jglh tbe most violent opposition, the
1 of'tbdjqjd'e&s, political and
..i“. op";onT side; and 1 en
| tcrtianl tie fftflijiit hut the people in
! these sections give tonelo the press.
: It is true, a combined few, from sel
fish- and political considerations,
have been led to great exertions iii
fashionable mode of the day, in
[getting up opposition to this meas
j ure. YVe have been inundated with
; memorials, pamphlets, and speech
es, made at society and town meet
ings. But, Sir, let it be remem
bered, that weak minorities always
make the most noise. Contented
conscious of their strength
are never found praying forarc
j dress of grievances. Suppose for a
| tnufkicnt, that portion of the popula
tion oltiie Union North and East of
this place, tube equally divided on
this question; the entire South and
SouUiwest, with the exception of a
few aliens to their own interest, are
in favour oftlns measure; and I have
no hesitancy in arriving at the con
clusion, that much the larger por
tion nt ttie religious community will
j be found on our side of the question,
j notwithstanding the dcuimcialions &
, been pio
/ non need against us. This proceeds
! from u few leading religionists of
j the new concert sect, or that class of
! philanthropists who are going up &.
dotvu in the land seeking whom they
may devour. The two wule-spread
denominations, the Baptist and Me
thodist, with whom 1 have hud an
extensive and intimate intercourse
through my whole life, I am sure
; will never lend themselves, in a uni
ted manner, as religious bodies, to aid
political factions or designing dema
gogues. No, Sir, these denomina
tions were sufficiently tested during
’thelate war. They stood by their
country iu the field of battle, and
breasted the storm of war. They
could pray for you in their closets
and their pulpits, without the fear
of incurring Divine displeasure.
One of these denominations (li
mean Che Bac st) have, through
then organs, the officers of their
religious Boards, Conventions, and
Associations, for years past, ut eve
ry session of Congress, reminded you
ofthe interest they feel and the la
bors they have bestowed towards
the great object of Indian civiliza
tion. Moreover, they have expres
sed their convictions, tiiat yo u- emi
gration plan afiorded’the best and
most permanent prospect ot success
to their missionary efforts. Sir, no
religious denomination in this coun
try, as such, will he found unitedly
giving themselves up into the hands
of political men, to aid in the ob
jects of political faction. It would
be too tedious to name all the vari
ous sects of our Country; but hav
ing named one or two, 1 avail my
self of this opportunity of saying, 1
have great respect lor most of the
denominations in our country, and
have no unfriendly feelings to any.
1 wish them all prosperity in all their
attempts to benefit mankiqd.
Our gooff and worthy Quaker
friends, who huve been inemoraliz
ing us onfthis subject, wll all come
right as soon ns their misapprehen
sions are corrected. When they
ascertain that Georgia and President
Jackson tpe by no mqans the advo
•l catQS of war, famine, and 2>*>lilence,
[New Series—No. 3.
they will take us by the hand, and
join us in .advancing measures of
kindness, benevolence, and good
will towards the Indians. Sir, tam
not afraid lo trust tiio Quakers*
The religious people of this country
are in the lull enjoyment of religious
liberty. It is all that the truly pi
ous want. They want no “Christi
an party in politics.” I profess tu
admire that active spirit of Christian
benevolence which has done so much
for our common country, in tho
cause of letters and morality. That
religion whicli carries its saving in-,
flueuce into families, congregations,
and society in general, adorns its
professors.
The religious opposition to this
measure is not cOntiued to any par*
ticular sect, unless tje give a new
name to a religious party in politics
-ka party which has Some recruits
from many, if not all,, the different
sects of the country. It is this new
sect of Concert Brethren, against
whom I direct iny censures. These
canting fatuities have placed them
selves, upon this Indian question,
behind ihe bulwarks of religion, and
console themselves with the belief
that the Georgians, whom they have
denounceif as Atheists, Deists, Infi
dels, and Sabbath breakefs, labour
ing under the curse of slavery, will
never he able to dislodge them from
their strong position. Bir, 1 there
fore feel that I stand pledged in duß
ty to my constituents, to show td
this House, and to thq, world, thai
‘these intermeddlers and disturbers
of the peace and harmony of society
have no just claims to-the protection
of that impenetrable fortress in which
they have hitherto found refuge and
protection. 1 rely with entire con*
faience hpon those who carry tho
keys of this fortress; they will deli
ver up the guilty, to he dealt with
according to law and justice. “By
their fruit ye shall know them.”
Sir, before 1 pursue the course o S
the opposition any further, I will
remark, that l have so far confined
myself principally to that -part of
tiie subject whicli relates to the inte
rest of the Indians; but there ara
other interests which are entitled to
a share Cr your consideration. Tho
State of Georgia, one of whose Re*
presentatives I am, has. from my.
infancy till this day, been struggling
with perplexing difficulties, strifes-,
and heart-burnings, upon the sub
ject of her Indian relutions. Yes r -
Sir, amongst my earliest recollec
tions are the wulls of an old fort,
which gave protection to the women
arifd children from the tomahawk &
scalping knife oftlia Indians. And
let me inform you, that, while the
Indians have receded thousands of
miles, before the civilized popular
tion, in other sections of the Union,
the frontier of Georgia has compara
tively remained stationary. My pre
sent residence is not more than one
day’s travel troin the placeof the old
.fort to which I alluded. It is but
part of a day’s travel from my resi
dence to the line of the CherokcA
country.
In entering upon this blanch of
my subject, I find it‘necessary to
summon un all the powers dfphilan
thropy, io restrain feelings of indig
nation and contempt for those who
are nt this time straining every nervii
and using every effort to perpetuate
on the people Whom I represent the
evils which they have borne for so
many years; and whatever* has, ot #
may l-e said to the contrary j 1 do
verily believe, that no other State of
this Union would have submitted,
with equal patriotism, to the many
ills and wrongs which we have re
ceived ut the hands of those who were
bound by the strongest human obli
gations lo aid in reltcving us from
Indian perplexities, give us justice,
and assist iu the advancement of
our peace, happiness, and prosper
ity.
Georgia, Sir, is one of the good
old thirteen States; she entered the
Union upon an equal footing with li
ny of her sisters. She claims no r,,
periority, but contends for ecpy'Jjjf”,’
That sovereignty which she
cedes to all the rest, and \ V o U l t ! „•
any time unite with then*, m defend”
ing from all encraacl>*rjent, she will
1 muuituui lor Our soqjrX