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Tho domestic salt will not
visions for exportation, (tlie little ex
cepted which is made hy soler evap
oration) nor for consumption in the
South, nor for long keeping at the
army posts, nor for voyages with the
navy. For all these purposes it is
worthless nnd useless: and the pro
visions which are pul tip in it arc lost,
or have to he repacked at a great ex
pense, i:i alum suit. This fact is
well known throughout the West,
where too many citizens have paid
tho penalty of trusting to domestic
salt, to be duped or injured hv it any
longer. In proof of this, Mr. 15. read
•tt statement from a citizen of India
na, Mr. J.G. It tun, whose respecta
bility he vouched for, alleging that
he had sustained a loss of near $350,
•upon a cargo of 300 barrels of pork, i
nt N. Orleans, in the year 1827, it: j
consequence of putting it tip in do-j
incstie salt. The pork began to;
apoilas soon ns it arrived in the warm !
climate of the South. To save it,|
Mr. Read had to incur the expense
of repacking in alum salt; u process
• which cost him $1 12J on each bar
rel besides replacing
e tch hoop that got broke in the ope
ration, and tho expense of tho drays
hauling the pork to and from the
place of repacking. Mr. B. said
that this was the case with one and
•ail. They must repack in alum salt
at N. Orleans, at the same expense
that Mr. R. did, or procure that kind
of salt beforehand, burthened as it
was with duty, and diminished in tho
bushel hy the tariff laws. Surely
the wpst cannot present this picture
of imposition to the Congress, and
nsk in vain for the relief which the
Irish proverbial for oppressions, re
ceived from the British Parliament.
And here ho submitted to the Senate
tlcit hp American svstctn, without
a gross departure from its original
principles, could not cover tins duty
any longer. It has laid the full ben-’
elit of that system in high duties, im
posed, for a long time on foreign salt;
it bad not produced an adequate sup
ply for the country, nor half a sup
ply ; nor at -as cheap a rate, by 300
or 1000 per cent; and what it did
supply, so far from being equal in
quantity, could not even be used as
a substitute for the great important
business of the provision trade. The
{unount of so much of that trade as
went to foreign countries, 31 r. 15.
shewed to be €O,OOO barrels of beef;
51,000 barrels of pork; 2,000,000
lbs. of bacon; 2,000,000 lbs. of but
ter, and 1,000,000 lbs. of cheese;
ami he considered the supply for the
army and navy, and for consumption
in the South, to exceed the quantity
exported.
Mr. B. examined another ground
of claim tor the continuance of the
pintles, founded on the amount of Ca
pital which the manufacturers had
embarked in the business. They
had returned this capital at upwards
of three millions of dollars; but when
you come to analyse the particulars
of this imposing sum, two millions
of it are found to be taken up with
wooden .vats, and their scantling
roofs, which are in a stalo of daily de
terioration, and must rot in a few
years, whether used or not. Such
items could not be counted as capi
tal, unless when new, or nearly so;
and it is not to be presumed that any
new works have been erected since
the problem of paying the public debt
has been discussed and dissolved ;
.and a great reduction of taxes look
. od to as a consequence of that event.
Another portion of the capital was
in kettles, also a perishable item, to
which the same remark extends as
to the wood in vats. A third large
items in* the estimate of capital is a
great number of wells and furnaces,
1 est to stand idle on purpose, in or
der to\makc less so!/ and demand high- !
“er prices for it. Deducting all these
items, or so much of each as ought
to be deducted, and it would proba
bly turn out that the boasted capital
in these works did not exceed the a
moiint of one year’s tax upon the
people to keep them up. That tax
ims been shewn to be for 1829, sl,-
>O,OOO of direct duty; merchants
roiit upon that sutn at the rate of 50
V .:r cent., making 600,000 dollars;
Wfitl 450,000 dollars more for the loss
of 30 lbs. in every bushel. In all
I'vo millions and a quarter of dollars.
The real capital in all human prob
.kulity, does not reach that sum.
Tim capital to he affected by the re
\ “a! oftho duty cannot be one half
of it J for all the interior works; afij
those in upper Pennsylvania, in I
Western Virginia, in Ohio, in Ken-!
lucky, Indiana, Illinois ami Missouri,
are beyond the reach of foreign salt,
except at an advance of 2 to 300 per
cent, upon its cost. They are pro
tected without a tariff, hy locality,
hy distance, and by the expense of
transporting foreign salt into the fair
anil legit imate sphere of their supply
and consumption. ‘ Doubtless it
would be better for the consumers to
buy all the works, anil stop them,
then go on paying the present enor
mous, and its accumulated burthens,
to keep them lip. But tills alterna
tive cannot be necessary. The peo
ple cannot be driven to this resort.
After reducing the duties on tea, cof
fee, wines and chocolate, the duty
upon salt must fall. The American
system cannot keep it up. It can
not continue to tax the first necessa
ry of life after untaxing its luxuries.
The duty was repented in Toto, un
der tlic administration of 3lr. Jeffer
son. The probable extinction of the
public debt enabled the Government
a! that tiaie to dispense with certain
taxes, and salt took precedence then
often, coffee, chocolate and wine.
It cannot be necessary here to dilate
upon the uses of salt; but in repeal
ing that duty in F.nglard, it was
thought worthy of notice that salt
was necessary to the health, growth
and fattening of hogs, cattle, sheep
and horses; that it was a preserva
tive of hay and clover, and restored
mouldy and flooded hay to its good
and wholesome state; and made-e
----ven straw and chaff available as food
for cattle. The domestic salt mak
ers need not speak of protection a
gainst alum salt. No quantity of du
ty will keep it out. The people
must have it for the provision trade;
and the duty upon that kind of salt is
a grevious but then upon them with
out bein'* of the least advantage to
the salt makers.
3lr. B. said it was an argument
in favor of keeping tip these duties,
that in time of war we should have
to depend upon the home supply.,
fie said we had no war at present,
nor any prospect of one, and that it
was neither wise nor beneficial to an
ticipate, and inflict upon ourselves
beforehand, the calamities of that’
State. “Sufficient fair the day is the
evil thereof.” When the war conies
we will sec about the price; in the
mean while the cheaper we get it
now the higher we shall be able to
pay lor it then. But he did not ad
mit tho argument. The making o!
salt was a plain nnd easy business.
It required no skill or experience.
It'll part ofthe works stop when the
price becomes low, they will start a
gain the day it rises. If the whole
wore siopped now they would all be
in full operation in the first lew
months of war. Besides many works
were stopped now. On the Itcnlm
vva 24 furnaces, capable of making
400,000 bushels per annum, are re
turned by tiie owners as idle.
the Holston only one well is worked,
making stM’ bushels a day, when
10,000 could lie made. At m toy
Other places a part of the works are
stopped, and for tho purpose of mak
ing a less quantity and getting a
higher price. If.the owners thus
stop their works* for their private ad
vantage, they must not complain if
the interest.of the people should re
quire more of them to stop.
Mr. B. said there was no argu
ment which could he used here in
favor of continuing this duty which
was riot used, and used in vain, in
England; and many were used there
of much real force which cannot be
used here. The American system,
hy name was not impressed into the
service of the tax there, but its doc
trines were; and bo read a puitof
the report of the committee on salt
duties, in 1817, to prove it. It was
the statement of the agent of the Bri
tish salt manufacturers, 3lr. William
Horne, who was sworn and examin
ed ns a witness. He said : li l will
commence by referring to tkc evidence
I gave upon ?!ic subject of lock salt, in
order to establish flic presumption of
the NATIONAL IMPORTANCE of /he
salt trade, arising from /he large ex
tent of British CAPITAL employed in
the trade, and the considerable num
ber of persons dependent upon it for
support. /, at the same time., stated
that the sal/ trade was in a very DE
PRESSED state, and that it continued
to fall off. I think it cannot be doubt
ed, that the s-alf trade, in common with
all staple British manufactures, is en
titled to the PROTECTION OP
GOVERNMENT; and the British
manufacturers oj salt consider that, in
common with oificr manufacturers of
this country, they are entitled to such
protection, in particular from a
COMPETITION’ AT HOME with FOR
EIGN manufacturers; and in conse
quence they hope to see a PROHIBITO
RY duty on FOREIGN sal/.”
Such ivits tho petition of the Bri
tish manufacturers. They urged
| the amount of their capital, the de
pressed stoic of their business, the
.number of persons dependent upon
it for support, the duty of the govern
ment. to protect it, the necessity for
a prohibitory duty on foreign salt,
and the fact that they were making
more t tmn the country could consume.
Tho ministry backed then! with a
call fijr the continuance of the reve
nue; one million five hundred thou
sand pounds sterling, derived from
I lie salt tax; and with a threat to lay
that amount upon something else if
it was taken off of salt. All would
not do. 31 r. CalcrasT, and his
li ir.nds appealed to the RIGHTS and
INTERESTS of the rEopLE, ns over
ruling considerations in questions of
taxation. They denounced the tax
itself as little less than impiety, and
an attack upon the goodness and
wisdom of God, who had filled the
bowels of the earth, nnd the waves of
the seit, with salt for the use and
blessing of man, and.towhom it was
denied, its use clogged and lettered,
by odious and abominable taxes.
Tiny demanded the whole repeal;
and when tiie ministry and the man
ufacturers, overpowered by the voice
of the people, offered to give up three
f Mirths of the tax, they bravely re
sisted the proposition, slccfl cut for
t“ li4 ! ropca!, and carried it.
Mr. 15. could not, doubt a like re
sult here, and lie looked forward,
with infinite satisfaction, to tho era
of a free TIfADE in salt. The first
effect iiCciiclj a trade would be to re
duce the price of alum salt, at the
import cities, to eight or nine cents
a bushel. The second effect would
be to get rid of tbe tariff regulation,
which substituted weight for measure,
and a return to the measured bush
el of 80 llrs. instead of the weighed
one of 50. Tho third effect would
be to establish n great trade, carri
ed on by barter, between the inhabi
tants of the United States and tho
people ofthe countries which produce
alum salt, to the infinite advantage
and comfort of both parties. 11c
examined tbo operation oft his barter
at New Orleans. He said this pure
and superior salt, made, entirely hy
solar evaporation, came from coun
tries which ware deficient in the ar
ticles of food, in which the West a
hoimded. It came from the West
Indies, from the coasts of Spain and
Portugal, and from places in the 3le
diterranean; all of which arc at this
time consumers of American provis
ions, and take from us beef, pork,
corn, corn meal, flour, rice, potatoes,
<fcc. Their salt costs them almost
nothing. It is madeouthe scabeach
by the power of the sun, with little
care and aid from man. It is brought;
to the United States as ballast, cost
ing nothing for ting transportation
across tho sea. ‘flic duty alone pre
vents it from coming to the United
States in the most unbounded quan
tity. Remove the duty, and the
trade would be prodigious. A bush
.of corn is worth more than a sack of,
salt, to the half starved people to
whom the sea and the sun gives as
much of this s.Jt as they will rake
up and pack away. The levee at
New Orleans would be covered; the
ware houses would he cramed with
salt; the barter trade would become
extensive and universal, if this odi
ms duty was suppressed : a bushel
of corn, or of potatoes, a few pounds
of butler, or a few pounds of beefor
pork, would purchase a sack of salt;
the sicam boats would bring it up for
a trifle; and all the the upper States
of the Great Valley, where salt is
so scarce, so dear, and so indispen
sable for rearing stock and curing
provisions, in addition to all its ob
j \ mils uses, would ho cheaply and
] abundantly supplied with that article.
I 31 r. B. concluded with saying, that,
I next to tho reduction of tho price of
I public lands, and the free use of the
j earth for labor nnd cultivation, he
considered tbe abolition of the salt
tax, and a free trade in foreign salt,
as the greatest blessing which the
I” ederal Cotigres could now bestow
upon the people ofthe West.
The following declaration i Tom the St
Clairsville Ohio Gazette, ofthe 19l! iust.—“Eve
ry republican newspaper in tiie Slate of Ohio
sustains the veto of the President, by which the
treasury was saved from bankruptcy, and (he 1
people from uirect taxation.” •
jjftojrirfirtfo
Late and important from Co
lombia.—New York, June 22. —8 y
the Athenian, from Carthagena, we
have, through the politeness of S. E.
Burrows, F.sq. been furnished with
papers from that place to the 30th
ult. inclusive.* They announce Bo
livar’s approaching departure forev
er from Colombia, and the'election
of anew President and Vice-Presi
dent. VVc translate below the mes
sage sent by Bolivar to Congiess
on the 27th April, with the reply of
that body. On the 4lh May, Con
gress having previously. settled and
adopted the new constitution (which
is not yet published,) proceeded to
choose a President and Vcie-Presi
dent. On the third ballot Joaquin
Mosqucra was chosen President, and
General Domingo Caicedo Vice-Pre
sident.
The President elect not being in
Bogota, a deputation was sent to the
Vice President, informing him of his
election, anJ inviting him at once to
enter on the duties of bis station and
of President ad interim. Gen. Cai
cedo returned with the deputation,
took the oaths, and then addressed
the Congress. A committee was
also sent to the Liberator announc
ing the election f <> him, and express- 1
ing anew the admiration and regard
of Congress for his character and
deeds. The Liberator expressed in
reply, the greatest pleasure at the
choice that had been made, and at
being himself once more a private
citizen.
On the sth 3lay a complimentary
address,’ signed by the new Vice-
President, the Archbishop of Bogor
ta, the Secretaries ofthe Treasury,
Interior, and War, and about 1200
citizens, was presented to Gen. Bo
livar—ia which the fullest expressi
ons of admiration for his services and
sacrifices are employed—and as lie
was no longer in power they may be
taken as sincere.
On the Dili Bolivar left Bogota for
Carthagena where he was to em
bark, as was supposed, in the British
frigate Shannon for England. On
his route he was received with the
highest testimonials of affect ion and
respect. lie arrived on the 25th at
Turbasco, in the vicinity of Cartha
gena.
The proclamation of the Vice-
President on assuming his station,
is in a proper tone. It reccommends
oblivion of all past animosities, and
promises that no distinction shall he
made betweenth.ecitizens on account
either of their origin, alluding doubt
less to old Spaniards, or past opin
ions. Venezuela, under these cir
cumstances, can have no ground to
persist in her secession.
Bolivar’s course in this Conjunc
ture seems to be noble and disinter
ested, and if pursued to the end will
| secure to hitn glory unfading.
I Message of his Excellency the Liberator President
to the Constituent Congress-:
j Fellow Citizens —The Consti
tution being settled, and charged as
iyou arc by the nation with the nomi
nation ol the high functionaries who
j are to preside over the republic, I
think it proper to reiterate tny re
! peated protestations, not again to ac
jeept of .the chief magistracy, even
should y.;u tr.c with your suf
frages. You should he assured that
the good of my country requires of
me the sacrifice of separating myself
forever from the country which gave
me life, in order that my remaining in
Colombia may not be an impediment
to the happiness of my fellow citi
zens. Veil .zuela, in order to justify
her secession, has ascribed ambitious
views to me: next she would allege
iny re-election as an obstacle to re
conciliation, and finally the Republic
would be subject either to dismem
berment, or a civil war. The con
siderations which I submitted to Con
gress on the day of its installation,
combined with many others, should
all concur to persuade Congiess
that its most imperious obligation is
to give to the people ofColombia new
magistrates possessed of the eminent
qualifications required hy the law and
the public weal.
I beseech you fellow citizens to re
ceive this message as a proof of my
most ardent patriotism, and of the
love I have ever professed for Colom
bia. SI3I ON BOLIVAR.
Bogota, 27th April, 1830.
Answer of Congress.
SiR! Congress is possessed of
your message of 27th hist, in which
you reiterate your resolution not to
accept again the Chief Magistracy,
cyan though you should he honored
with the votes of the Representatives
of the people—and bus taken the
same into consideration.
• -■Congress duly appreciates this
new proof of thecivism mid disinter
estedness that animate you. It iea*
lises in our view, the glory that by
many titles you hpd already acquir
ed, and putting to flight the imputa
tions launched against you, confirms
your credit and consolidates your re
putation.
. You mny be assured, sir, that each
oite of the members of CoiiotcsS, o
beying the impulses of patriotism nnd
duty, and bis own view of the public
requirements, will weigh in the depth
of his conscience on the election day,
the reasons that have induced you to
solicit that you may not be rc-elected
—and these will determine his vote.
Whatever be the fate, however, that
Providence reserves for you, sir, and
for the nation, Congress entertains
the hope that every Colombian, sen*
sible to the honor arid loving the glo
ry of his country, will look upon you
with the respect and consideration
due to the services von have render
ed to the cause of America, and will
take care that the lustre of your
name shall pass to posterity in such
light as befits the founder of the in
dependence of Colombia.
Such, Sir, are the Sentiments of*
Congress, which, by its order, I have
the honor to communicate to you*
Halt of the Session,
Bogota, April 30.
VINCENTE BOiIRENZA. -•
To his Ex. Simon Bolivar,
Liberator President, Ac. Sc.
Proclamation of rice ■ President Caicedo—cctivf
as President.
Fellow Citizens: The votes of
your representatives have placed me
in the second office ofthe Republic*
With more fortunate aim the same
votes called to the Presidency- that
distinguished patriot, Joaquim M<*-
quera. During his absence from the
capital, the constitution deposits in
my inexperienced hands the supreme
direction of the Executive Govern*
incut.
Colombians, after many painful
and prolonged oscillations, a .new
constitution is presented toColombia,
combining and confirming in a stal e
manner, the power of the govern
ment with the liberty ofthe people.
The chosen interpreters of the na
tional will have preserved intact the
republican forms that wo warmly re
claimed. 31ay the constitution of
the year twenty be the rainbow of
peace, to calm agitations, to quell
hostile passions, and to conciliate all
men and all interests.
Respectable Ministers ofthe sanc
tuary, valiant Soldiers, honored and
pacific Citizens—l could not have
undertaken the responsible task you
have assigned me without counting
upon your co-operation.
Fellow-Citizens— Moderation and
concord arc the most urgent wants
ol oui present difficult social position
—and inasmuch as the government
piotccts each alike, whatever nmy
have been his opinions, whatever the
country of his birth—let no other
voice be heard among you, no other
sentiment uttered, than n&soltt/e ob
livion of past errors, love nforde and
of liberty, and submission to the laws.
DOMINGO CAICEDO,
Bogota, sth May, 1830.
The brig Catliaiine, Capt. Wels
tnan, Ims arrivrd at Charleston, from
lMataazas. A gentleman, passen
ger in the C. state, that a Spanish
brig erjlcd the Armnlij, with I'.IO
slaves, was caph red by the British
corvette Victor, and carried into Ha
vana about tbe 23d ult.
The U. S. ship Concord, Cjpb Pettitv, sailed
from Hampton Roads on the 28tu “If. >\ ith Mr
Rivdolfu, Minister to Russia on boauL IN
ous to his departure, on the i/tith ult., the cimV'Ls
ol Norfolk gave a very handsome public enter
tainment loMr. Randolph, at which the compa
ny was very numerous, and a great nutnbe.
toasts wo -• given. Mr. R. addressed the compa
ny to Ins natal piquant style—The address has
not, however, been published. The Herald
stales, that lie was understood to savin substance
that his mission was a special one, and that in
ceptmg it he was actuated solely l )v the desire of
evincing his continued confidence in mi \dmitiis,
tration to which he had originally given his sun,
port, and no: by the paltry constitution of m*
outfit.
We select the following toasts given on tbe cc.
casioii:
By John Randolph, of Roanoke—The People;
may they bear in mind the advice of Poicnius
j “to thine own self be true and it mast follow, as
the niglu the day, thou enn’st not he false to any
man.”
liy L W Tfueewel—Nathaniel Macon: Th<\
spotless purity of his example, has ever illustra
ted the profound precepts •fhis wisdom.
By IKE. Cunningham—The birth, day ofjho
mas Jefferson—May its anniversary
aid in bringing’ back the government t the prin
ciples of ’93.
LMr. Randolph remarked; —It will require
stronger physic*4o do that ]