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~ MfLLEDGEVILOr"”
jpt&stgufe :
LOTTERY.
J(m Fri ses to be Drawn! ! ! j
On Tuesday
The first day of March next.
Tllh Fourth Day’s Drawing
will be comirfftnced, at which
time will be deposited the following
Capital Prizes in addition to those
yet remaining in the Wheel, vi_;
1 Ptizc of §15,000 j 1 Pj izc of ijHiOO
1 do “ 1,000 1 do *“ 500
1 do >’ 000 I 1 do “ 400
J do •• 800 1 do •< 300
1 do “ 700 j 1 do “ ‘ i!00
W liich will make the list of Prizes,
then to be floating, stand as lollows,
1 of $15,000
2 of ‘ 10,000
1 of 5.000
3 of 1,000
3 of 900
3 of 800
2 of 700
2 of 000
4 of 500
4 of 400
4 of 300
3 of 200
15 of 100
35 of 50
Besides Twenty’s and Ten’s.
The. Board o ('Commissioners have
resolved to commence the 4th Day’s
Drawing with ONE THOUSAND
PHIZES, and to continue such an
arrangement of the subsequent
drawings as will bring the Lottery
to a speedy issue.
Those who have vested their
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on being very soon relieved from
their suspenso, and those who have
not yet purchased Tickets must “t/o
•what they do quickly.”
PRICE” OF TICKETS—WhoIe
§10 —shares in proportion.
Until the first day of March next,
tickets may be had at the present
prices hv applying to
BRADFORD MERRY.
James M. Anderson,
Agent
Washington, Jan. 21, 1831.
” ttTkeNtT
mHAT well constructed Store,
JH_ on the West side of the pub
lic square, lately occupied by U. F.
Case. It is calculated for a
Dry Good Store, and Grocery?
having two rooms fronting the
square. Or it wiil answer for two
stores. It Inis an excellent cellar,
and a private room attached to each
tenement. 1 will rent one or both
tenements, on reasonable terms.
John D. Thompson.
."Washington, Sept. 27,1830. 15—ts.
WASHINGTON, (GA.) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1831.
Ji ist llcccivcd ,
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AT TTIEiU
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Augusta, Dec. 15. 1830. 31—12 l
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their accounts.
Congress tonal .
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Jan. 11.
Mr. Hayses submitted the following-'*.••.fluliou,
aiirt rv*ouiiid on offering it. that, as the subject
of it was interesting to every part of the ccmim
nii v, lie hoped it would not bu denied the courte
sy of a consideration:
’ Jltsuhxd, Thai the Committee of Ways and
Means be instructed to inquire into the expedien
cy of reducing the duty on brown sugar, imported
into the-United Status from foreign countries.
Mr. Ramsey inquired if a similar resolution had
not already been offered at the present session.
The Speaker replied, that there bad been so
many resolutions offered, be could not take it up
on himself to answer the question.
Mr. Londict demanded tlic queston of consid
eration.
Mr. Haynes asked if he Gould have an oppor
tunity to modify the resolution, before the ques
tion of consideration was put.
The Speaker answered in the affirmative.
Mr. Haynes then modified his motion, to read
as follows:
IV/iereas, without a considerable diminution of
revenue, tlic public debt will, in a very few years;
i be redeemed and discharged: And whereas, }.**
I end of republican government is the prosperity I
I and happiness of the people: And whereas, tins
end cannot be more certainly promoted than by
a system of taxation which shall leave the largest
portion of the products of labor in the pockets of
the people: And whereas, the necessaries of life
should as far as practicable, be exempted from
taxation: And whereas, brown sugar has become j
an article of great and necessary consumption a- j
mong all classes: And whereas, the prefffent duty ;
on that article, imported from foreign countries,
bears an unjust and extravagant proportion to the
original cost in foreign markets; And whereas,
there is good reason to believe that the tax col
lected by the Government upon its importation,
amounting to one million four hundred and thirty
four thousand nine hundred and sixty-one dol
lais, and eleven cents, is less than bail’ the sum
taken from the pockets of the people under the
operation oftlie existing duty, the quantity man
ufactured in the United States within the year
IS3O, having been estimated at one hundred thou
sand hogsheads, equal to one hundred millions of
pounds, at three cents per pound, protecting du
tv, equal io three millions oi dollars.
Jiaolt'ttl. That the Committee of Ways and
Jvleaiis be instructed to inquire into the expedien
ts of reducing the duty on brown sugar imported
into the United States from foreign countries.
On this resolution Mr. CoNDicr demanded the
“question of consideration.
MT 7*l au rin suggested that the better course
would be, to move to lay the resolution on the ta
ble; and Mr. Comdict so varied his motion, when
Mr. Denny renewed the demand for the ques
tion of consideration,
Mr. CambrklEnC called for the yeas and nays
ou the question, md they were ordered by the
House Being taiun £tosd as follows: yeas
$9, nays 85.
/ So the House determined io consider tlic reso
lution.
Mr. HAYNES said he was glad, notwitViutand
ing the rule winch, however wisely adopted, was
in its oporaliou so well calculated to abridge the
liberty of speech, that tl e House had extended to
the resolution just offered the courtesy of consid
eration. He was willing to have rested the sub
ject, solely upon the resolution first offered, and
) but for the apprehension of a refusal to consider
j •*, should not have modified it by the addition of
the preamble. But, as the House had, somewhat
unexpectedly, afforded Inn. the opportunity of
picsenting a lew observations to its attention, he
would not permit that opportunity to pass away
wholly unimproved by him. When lie had the
honor to bring this subject to tiie consideration of
tin; lioitse at an early day of the present session,
he lind extended bis proposition to the whole class
of sugars, because, whether they had been impos
ed for the ofYcptmue or protection, he
j thought the time had arrived when the duties
’ ought to be entirely abolished Bur, in introduc
| ing the subject thus broadly, he did not consider
* that the Committee of Ways and Means would be
j necessarily restricted in their inquiry f > the mere
| question of repeal; but if in their wisdom it should
be detei mined that a partial reduction of the du
ties was all the exigencies of the country would
permit, they would be*authorised to go so far,
and no farther. For his part, he had fojrntcily
believed, lie now believed, and ever should be
lieve. that the true end of Government was the
happiness and prosperity of the people; and for
the furtherance of this end, it was essential that
the necessaries of life should be subjected 4o the
smallest amount of taxation which the public ex
igencies would permit.
Whatever might Have been the original use of
the article of sugar—if it was first a medicine, and
then a luxury—it had become an article of essen
tial necessity, as vvaii proven by the estimated j
coiisiinq’tion of the present year, at one hundred j
arid fifty millions of pounds Nor in this char;*-.:
! ter is ils use confined to any par i, ular or favored j
; class of ihe coimmti.ity, but rims through cmy
’ degree and condition in life. And here he Would j
j remark, that notwithstanding the laws of the j
country are accessible to all, it is important that j
! the public mind should be enlightened upon the j
existing tax on sugar. But, before proceeding ‘
lumber with the subject, he would beg leave to 1
remark, that how much soever gentlemen might |
sneer at the proposition, that under our system of
revenue the taxes arc paid by the producers, no j
proposition was, to his mind, more clear and un- :
: deniable, as consumption must necessarily he ic- j
J gulated by production. By an examination of!
j the tariff of JHlfi, and reference to the annual re- ‘
• pent from the Treasury Department, upon the j
j commerce and navigation of the United Stale?, •
i since that period, it would be found, that tic dn
j lies impeded upon the import ol lump and refined j
’ sugars, and sugal* rand’ ; had amounted to pn.hi
f Lition; ilii!3cfltciu!ill_v ilrpihls-ttie t....—:2f’ 1,1 !
; m.; choice whatsoever between the foreign and ‘
; domestic articles. Nor is it any answer to this as- j
1 sertion to say, that some twenty-five or thirty;
j thousand dollars of revenue has been derived 1
from their consumption, within the years eighteen I
hundred and fifteen ft> eighteen hundred and j
I twenty-nine inclusive; Nor is this all; formas- 1
j much as the consumption cf brown sugar Among |
I the pomer classes is much greater in proportion !
! to their menus than *jic weshfy, the tux f
falls most heavily an those v.!:o are hast able to |
hear it. And here he would take the occasion to .
! remark, that although he still entertained the o- |
j pinion, under the influence of vhith his resolmi
! on of the 1 ?th DocemLcr was oflu td, the advice
j of ft iends ami the hope of a more favorable run
j iiduiation, had iuduceu him to narrow that rcso
i lution to ils present shape. Irtu bo seeks for the
j repeal or reduction of taxes/ Not Ills itcciwr. .
■ hut the payer oi taxes.
He regretted that he had r.o specific informali- >
onus to the price c.f sugar in foreign countries !
when the tariff of 1794 was imposed. Bat, if he
hud heSh correctly informed, the foreign cost of
brown zugur imported into this country at that
period, was not less tlnm eight to ten cents per
pound. Ifthis be true, it is the f-ikuis inference,
that Government did uot then imemr by H
of two cents per pound, to impose a duty which !
should operate us more than twenty or twenty- I
five per cent, ad valorem, on the original cost of I
the article. But, us the foreign cost has consider- j
ably declined since that period, thereby iuerras-!
ing the relation of the duty to such cost, i! the du- !
ty of 1794 had not been increased by the act of j
1810, it would now operate at the rate* of forty to
fifty, or sixty percent ad valorem, on he original
foreign cost. But by raising the duty in ISiG to
three cents poi pound 011 brown sugar, its uu va<
loreui operation is still greater, being uot less
! than one huudred per cent. In the discussion of
this subject, we might be told, th* the average
price oi sugar had declined in consequence of its j
manufacture in this country, and therefore sound
policy requires the continuance of the present du
ty. If gentlemen would take the trouble to in
form themselves on this subject, he was Satisfied
the.v would find, tbut such an assertion was vvhol- 1
ly without foundation. For his part, he had been
at some pains to obtain information, the result of
which was, that the price of sugar imported into
Knglaud, from the year 13 i4 to 1823, inclusive,
had undergone an astonishing dimiu nation, m>
part ol which could be ascribed to its manufac
ture in this country. By a reference to a statist)
cal work on the population and resources of Great
Britain, w hich he had examined it would be found
that the average price of brown sugar imported
into England, in the former year, was Seventy
throe shillings ami four pence one farthing the
hundred weight, and in the latter year but thirty
one shilling and one farthing. Surely this could
! not be ascribed to ils manufacture here. Nor j
j does it appear that the price of either year de
( peudeu upon a stinted supply in the one, or an ex
cessive importation in the other, as a considera ‘
ble surplus was exported in each.
And here he would repeat, rubs!antinlljr, what I
was said during the discussion 01 the Eastl-nliai
sugar duty in the House of Commons, in 1823.’
by the late Mr. Httskisson, one of the most able j
aud practical statesman England has ever pro 1
duced. and whose death may well be lamented j
in that country, as a great public calamity, that ]
whenever there is an excess of import over Con- 1
sumption, the price of the article must be regula- 1
ted by the markets ofthe world. He said, that 1
a proposition of such obvious truth did not require !
the aid of illustration or argument from him. j
Not only had the British market exercised an in- ;
1 tluence on theprice ofthe article, but the French ,
market also. And here he was not prepared to ‘
speak so definitely ns to the price in France as
he hail done of England. Nor was it important
‘ for him to do 90, as the influence exercised by the
French market on the price of sugar originated
principally from the partial exclusion of the arti
cle. Jt must be well known to every member of
1 this House, that during the wars ofthe French
■ revolution, the sugar colonies ol France were cut
off from the mother country —and that althongh
-■ the commerce between those colonies and the mo
(her country entered for several years very
largely into the American carrying trade, yet the
linicrpoliitiops of national iavv brought to operate
■ J upon neutrals by the principal belligerents, at
length destroyed that trade entirely. Accustom
■ ed to the use of sugar, the French people were
ii:? 1 willing - to forego this necessary article of
consumption, p**d Until - injicuuiiv *"*r~l*TT* ii d
1 a substitute in the sugar exlrucDd from the beet.
This system had not been abandoned since the
recovery of the French sligar colonies in the
West Indies. Thus it was probable, that a con
siderable portion of the sugar manufactured in
, those colonies was necessunly thrown upon the
: | great market of the world. He said, if the facts
I and inferences upon which he had thrown him
self were true, and fib did not think they could
be successfully controverted, the price of sugar
’ * arising from ils manufacture in this country, so
j far from regulating, had betil regulated by the
, , markets of the world. But, before dismissing
j this branch ofthe subject, he would observe, that
•j the price ol sugar in the English market could
not have been influenced by any variation ofthe
! 4tity, that fluctuated between twenty-seven and
! thirty shillings the hundred weight, making a
; difference of but three shillings the hundred
weiglit between any two years of the period to
which he had referred Nor can it be denbted
that the high duly in Great Britaiu considerably !
lessens the amount of sugar consumed there, and
particularly in Scotland and Ireland, thus leav
ing a much larger quantity for the supply of other
markets. But we might derive instruction on
th:s subject by a reference to the treasury reports
upon the commerce and navigation of this coun
try from eighteen liu drcd and twenty-one to
eighteen huudred and twenty-nine, inclusive.
During that whole period it would be found, that
the foreign cost of luown sugar imported into the
U. States had not varied more than about half a
rent per pound, and that not by an uniformly de
clining pric Nor will it fiui to be observed,
upon an examitißtiuu ol the reports referred to,
| that the importation of brown sugar paying duty,
| WRM Greater in 1*429, than in lh2l, and notmSteh
• I**-*; than the average annual importation of die
■. w lade period. Nor might it be improper for him
! here to remark, that there was a considerable
j annual exportation with the benefit of drawback
! from 1321 to 1829, Inclusive. If it could bd nc
j Cessary for him to go further to account for the
j gradual decline in the price of sugar throughout’
1 the comm.'t eifil world w ithin the last fifteen years,
|it would he sufficient to advert | u the large a
| mount o i labor released Iron* the pnrj-ses of war
i about the commencement of that period, and the
j cousequc.it diminution ol its value in all produC- J
lions of human iudiiHlry. But, as the kindness
| ol a friend had iunj.shi'd him wall the means of
j doing so since the comm*--r cement of his remarks,
. he would sfat.- some additional facts hearing up
j 01. the pi'ohahi.* causes of ihe diminished price of
. sugar within the last finvyertrs. He had brought
: down the price ot sugar in., • rted into great Bri
i lain to the year 1823. and > • - now prepared to
j trace it to . 1828, t t’i: of which it was
i fwcnty-scvrn siiiilings ti-n baud red weight Nor
! *i , n .v C'Ucaiio:id \>v diniim-h. ,1 duty—the duty
J hlx—n permanently fixed at twenty-seven
j suillh.gj il.t* weight, or one hundred
1 nmi twelve .nulls. He was aUfl prepared to
1 state Iv. art Miiy ti:c effect which the protection
■ .ifford. il i.i France io sugar extracted from the
> beef, hud prod.: : 1 on the consumption of West
| India sugar in that country in the year 1827.
: The coUsuinpii'Mi, am .Hiding in n population ex-
I cculing thirty ndllions es pounds. But. when
: .v. con n ici that thu •-Hole Consumption of sugar
! ..1 France, and tee British eu-uke, ix: Euiop,.*, e
(ftie consumption of l.ng land alone in 1823, hav
ing been estimated by Mr. litiskissou at three
hundred umi sixty millions.) and reflect on the i
immen> Addition il qiinn.ity ueccssavr to supply
ull the countries ofthe woild which com rime the
; article, it must be manifest, that its manufacture
I in the U. States exercises a very insensible, if a
’ ny influence ou it> price ritlrt&r at home or abroad.
I Bui, our own cnniiuTcial history fuinishes aniu
sKucc of the dudi'.u: in the price of brown sugar
within 0 few years, nro remarkable ns any that
has been mentioned, and that too, without any
possible rctercnc'6 to ils rnaHufutnircir. tkfe coim
try If gentlemen will examine the prices ettr
rcHt of IMiiladu'phia for the years 1804 to 1007.
inclusive, tin y will find that from June of the
former to the same month of the latter year, the
price declined from twelve and one half to nine
cents per pound, and that too, at a period when
our foreign relations w ith the most powerful-ma
ritime nation in the world threatened serious in
terruption to our foreign t.-ndc, and consequently
a diminished import of sugar. lie said that a
strong additional argument against the prcsuibjA
tion that the price of brown sugar in other coun
tries hail been influenced by the mauufaciuie of
that article i:i this, was, that the price of white J ■
clayed sugar, nu iio( of American munu-1 (
facUffu> tad experienced a corresponding decline, j
i He had ascertained by an examination of the } 1
Philadelphia prices current,front IBu3 to ISO 7, |
inclusive, that in the former year, this article j
was quoted in tint? market at seventen and one j
half cents per pound, and In the latter at but ! 1
thirteen and one hail, a difference of four cents ! j
per pound in the short period of four year J. And
although he had no means of ascertaining the > 1
cosf in the foreign market, it could but be pre-J ‘
sumedtohare been considerably higher than the; ,
average of the six years ending with 1829, with-j
in which notwithstanding there was some varia- j ;
lion in the prices differen years, he did not be- j :
lieve the average would be found to exceed seven j ,
and one half cents per pound. As the operation j
of a part of the system of duties ort sugars, he I
would state wimt he had po doubt was true, th.it I
in some instances much more drawback had been j
allowed on the exportation of refined sugar, than 1
the duty previously paid to raw ougur from which j;
it was m ‘O. In fact, that the article alluded to 1
j as thus receiving drawback, was not worth the a- j
verage price of bfotvn sugar, and that little if!
I any, loss of quantity had probably been sustain
i etl by converting the one into the other. This,
j he said, lie had understood, had undergone judi
. cial investigation, and the court had been com
! polled to decide that the article came within the
i technical mcaniugof refined f igar, under tbe law.
| But, although this was an abuse, he would not
! leave the subject without h passing notice ot the
| protection afforded to benafide refiners of sugar
|in this country. By the tariff of righted* h.n
jdred and sixteen, the duty on refined sugar im
ported into this country is twelve cents per pound.
| lie believed that one bundled and seventy
j pounds of raw sugar generally estimated at*
! equal to, or sufficient for, the manufacture of one
* hundred pounds of refined,
j He did not know precisely how it was estima
j ted in this country. He knew that this was con
ridcred to be the standard in Great Britain, and
as he understood five cents per pound to be the
drawback allowed on the exportation of Ameri
can refined sugar, presumed the English and
American standard did not materi
ally vary. What, then, said he, is
the consequence ? That the refiner
of sugar in this country receives a
draw hack to the whole amount ot j
duly on what he exports, a|id a pro 1
[New Series —No. 35*
‘/ tecting duty of seven cents the poiitiu
, oaail that is consumed in the coun
-1 try. He did not pretend to know
what is the cost of refinihg, but, to
; his mind, the tax appeared to he c
normously disproportioned to tlic
, value of the article upon which it ie
laid. But, in discussing this suih
; joct, il is necessary that we consid
er its influence upon some of the
various and important interests of
the country. We have been told by
the Secretary ofthe Treasury in his
Annual report. upon the linances,
that the navigation of the country
is in a most languishing condition.
This must he manifest if wc look at
the dimiqished value of our export!?
and imports within the last five
years. It he was not mistaken,
though he had not very recently cx
umined toe subject, he believed that
both exports niid imports had dt*r
dined in annual value within that
period about thirty millions of dol
lars each. lie said, although, for
Ids part, he hud no doubt the evil
just adverted to had a much deeper
root, he was prepared to believe,
and did believe, that a due proper
tion of the depression under which
American navigation now languish
es, may be justly attributed to the
restriction imposed hy the existing’
duty on sugar, upon our intercourse
with sugar making countries! and
for evidence of the partial eftects of
these restrictions on American trade
and navigation, he would refer gen
tlemen to the correspondence be
tween General Von Scholtcn, the
Special Minister from Denmark, &
the Secretary of State, whudiiQtid
lately been communicated by
President to Congress, nnd prThtedj
by order of the House. He lmd uJM
troubled the House with thy
whether the duty imposed
act oflSlfl was intended for
nue or protection, or partly fnrlißTtfflr
This was unnecessary,
expressed the opinion at /he Ofttawt,
that lift her designed for the *onqi
or the oilier, repeal or’ rcd/iftiob*
was now necessary. In invifiigfli t
ting the effect of this duty on Amfe'’
ricau navigation, he lmd looked ovi
era purl of the animal report on
commerce and navigation for tha
year lor the purpose of ascer
taining the true state ofthe mattet*/
Upon a careful examination he had
found, that although our exports lbr
that year to the Swedish, Danish}
b'.ttii. British, and French We-fi-
Jiulies, British American Colonies,
Cuba, other Spanish Colonies, Bra
zil, and the West Indies genera I Ivy
amounted to fifteen millions threo
liunm cd and two thousand and eigh
teen dollars, yet the imports a
motmted to no more than twelve
millions six hundred and seventy
four thousand three hundred and
forty-two dollars, shewing un ex
cess of exports over imports of two
millions 6ix hundred and twenty-se*
veu thousand eight hundred and se*
verity-six dollars. As the value of
the exports was estirnuted in the
home market, and of imports in the
foreign, it isdifhcult to reconcile the
excess of tiie former over the lattCV
upon any principle consistent with,
profitable trade. But the subject
seems to pi esc:,t further illustration
when we compare the amount of
tonnage engaged m this business 1 ,
which entered and departed within
ihe same period. This comparison
shews an excess of seventy thousand
one hundred uiul thirty tons of ship
ping departed, over that which en
tered during that year. I'e hud nor
attempted an accurate estimate of
the foreign tonnage engaged in this
trade within tiio period under ci it
sideration, but did Hot believe it
would materially vary the result.
But, if we include the trade with
llayti, which shows a considerably
balance of imports over exports, r?
will reduce tbe general balance -
gainst us to but little le*- than two
millions of dollars. lie said further
comment on his subject could not
be necessary. And here Le said be
couhJ,but regret that the informa
tion called for hy uu honorable metn->
her from North Carolina. (Mr. Con
nor,) at the last session of Congress,
and that which had been called fur
j by a resolution which was offered by
4iitdc)f sitycethe commencement oi