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"ntt PNIOM 6» THg'tjTATEtl, AinTTHp BftVglTtnnftT or ra^OTAfaS!
OOLUMRU8. GEORGIA, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY If, 183*.
fcCJLUMBUS
OY VA|« NE8S, BET HUN E * LEWIS.
EoURTfl VOLUME—NUMpEB »
the EsrciiriHER
IS PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
A ’tJhrte dollar* per annum, payable in ad-'
. vaaca; or four dollar,, if not piid lor bedue
yin end of the year,. .
AoVKRTtiltfcnKTii will'be iniertetl at the rates
of teoentyfleecent* per hundred Words for the
flrst insertion, "
and jrfly cento for each Week’s
continuance, in all advertisements, the words
that do not amount to an even bandied, will be
considered 0» an handled, and charged no each.
When tho number of insertions of an sdvertieo
notopeoilled, it will -be. continued until
toroid, a 1*1 charged accordingly.
Sheriffs’ n»d other Officers' advertisements is-
sorted at customary rates.
LcTTtHi to the Editors on business mnst be
goot-paid; and in all cases where it is not dono,
Rio postage will be charged to the writer.
“ \LE8 OS-LAND, f
SALES OP LAND, by Adiqinistrators, Exe
cutors or Guardians, are required by law to In-
hold on tho first Tuesday in the month, between
.the hours often in tho forenoon and three in die
afternoon, at tho- court-hooso in the ootraty in
which the property is situate. Notice of these
«ro to be given in a public gazette SIXTY DAY8
proWntis to the day of ante.
‘ “ NEGROES mnst be at public
'BALES Of
auction, on the first Tuesday of the memii, be
tween the usual hours of sale, nl the place of
public sales in tliu county where the Letters Tcs-
tnmantary, of Adiliiuistration or Guardianship,
may have boton granted, first giving SIXTY
DAYS.' notice thereof, in one of the pnblic gu-
aottes of this stale, and at tho door of the' court-
hooso where such sales nro to he held.
Notice fir the sale of Personal Properly muirt
Bo givsa in lilto manner for FORTY DAYS
previous to the day of aide..
Notice to the debiors and. cl editors of an Estate
must be published FORTY DAY .
Nylico that application will be made to tlie
Court of Ordinary lor LEAVE TO SELL
LAND, must be published FOUR MONTHS.
T»o5;;ofor LEAVE TO SELL. NEGROES
must Be pnbluhfd for FOUR MONTHS, lo-
l\ya any order absolute shall h - made theieou by
.foe Court. '
. .. L. C. ALLEN ' i
SaS HZCZIVED gElt »Tt.AM«0*T. *ALTIM*,U,
Cogulac SHANDY; '
Jamaica and American Jtl/A
-Holland add A meriruit Ollf, ■
Mndeim. 5
T^riflb. Y
Mel.silles,
Sweet, |
Loaf and Brow* Sl/OAS,
Prime COFtEE.
TOBACCO. '
A large assortment of JOINERS' TOOLS,
BLUE FLAWS.
Which he offers for sale on hia uaoal low terms.
De* 10—30—tf
JUST RECEIVED
By dteomhoat Georgian, a gcnornl assortment of
JAPAN WARS,
Coppor and trine K- tllcs,
Pewler Bnstns and Plater-;
Blieet Copper,
Do. Lead,
Do. Zinc, •- ... , _
Do. Russia Iron,
Do. Brass, , '
Heap Iron. - - ■ '
. ItSO ON HANfi.
a OE.'-i R:>r, ASSontMCBT of
Trv WARE.
All of w hlch will te sold at" the lowest prices,
wholesale and retail. - . •»
tTF Cash paid for ohl Pewter. ••
HARVEY HALL.
Columbus. Dec. 17—3j—tf .
POWER# & NAPEW
WARE-HOUSE.
AND
COMMISSION BUSINESS#
V8XHE under signed hapii,;.- taken the now
■ Ware-House Dear tho Wharf for tit* pre
sent season, lenders his services to ilisitiuod. and
thepublio in tho above business.
lie will be prepared to extend the usual facili-
'ti's lohis custoincrs^iud Impt's by giv.tng.his per-
80nSlnCi'!ttiva,tb share a part of tho puTilip p.:l-
VVW. If. KIMBROUGH
tttuagn.
Columbus, Sept. 24—Ik 4 —H"
Kl.UBROLG
TUB
“ WARE-HOU8E
AND
Commission Business
W ILL be continued by tho subscribers un
der the firm of S. K. llodgcs Jc Co. who.
while they feol grateful for farmer favors will en-
.vicavour to deserve a cominusnce of them,
SEABORN JONES,
SAMUEL K. HODGES.
Qs OuxsiaauuaT— And tcill be sold on aecommo-
" ituting term* :
400 bills. Sugar,
I‘jl) sacks Colitto,
1,000 bushels SiiU,
14 qunrlor casks Wiue,
0,000 lbs. Chslingr, -
dgi.OOO lbs. Bacon.
4 boxes White SavntWl Sugar.*,
6 dozen pairs Boots;
0 boxes Sals, vurious qtpKtioe,
10 hbla. Salts,
M10 pieces Bugging,
hr -
„olo Rope,
Iron, Steel, Nails’,
Shoes, Pumps. &c.
und-So
Upper and»Soal Lestlmr,
Syrup, Sweetmeats, Arc.
September J7—I ti—'h
JLJL uu?articles:
lsjhdon Duff UlanketH, Bristol do .
Superfine atitl .Common. white, and iod Flannels,
Snitrael*. Cumblels, lliilics’ marinri-HOne,
Stall rotten do gentlemen’* merino'.and lambs
Wool Half Ilosis,
Mim.os and children’s do ■, ..
Superfine bonnet Ribbons, talTeta do
.Viol of Gnusr iunonc which ure choice Rifles,
ami Percussion Fowling pieces. *
Columbus, I).oo>- 3—tiil-
tmiTti&3roitGi5
4 \l\'} rijcoivirr^ hy jihe #t?atner Georgian.
Uic fullowi/ig articles, vizj .
kntfg cut NailH, aimortod aiatonj.,
rniui. MOlassoa, •'ftrtr'i'RtP artUd« v
20 k«g* C3#«ken Butter, io lb. IvRgs. for fiimi-
ly use, -
20 kc/'8 Hichmond Vobnvco l osrorlej quiilvtto,
4 btils. LhifM'#»d OU,
30 bbl«». befit Western Whi*kcy,
,8 ton#» vSw^os trqn>
Slient Bud boo|i lion, , -
Bletd- r.D^lisli Li I i stored y|o
StHel for'eafrin^e Springs,
6 lihds. 8t. Cidix -Sugar,
Nail Kudaibr liorw slron uaitn.
—ALSO—
On hand. Sugar, Coffee. Powder and Shot, Load,
Salt. Cigars. Trace Chains, Ten, Loaf Sugar.
Mackerel, and vnriooaoilier urticles too tedious to
mention, making their assortment very gqod,
which they will <w!l on reasonable terms.
Jan. 21-*-36-—tf
N0 oonssmAttml
Earthen- Ware, Glass, China
AND
IrOOKIWG-OLABttBB.
if..., r
MR. brie of die largest »ml most improved Pot
teries in England, hre enabled to offkr one'of the
meet extensive atocks Jn market, conaistiag of
every variety £arttw Hlsre,. China, ahui and
Looking-Glatteo, either repacked to order, orlh
the origiua package at utuwitmrmff low rrtleo for
ctnh or city acceptance*. The very liberal <Up-
Sotttherd
port bitheito received from onr
Wat
and
'esteru friends under the .most tryiag circnrn-
mest thank,. t\’e have
stance,, calls for oar warmest
survived thosfljl In the Struggle with a body of
man, who bare combiner! all their efforts to ef
fect our dealt notion, simply because we will not
join them in combining to compel the country
merchants to pay ah exorbitant profit on hia pur
chases in ihi* lino. We can only reiterate former
assurances of using every exertion 4o promote
the interest of our mercantile- friends in the ex
tent mu/ variety of our sfeck, the lowne** of, onr pri
ces, and the ikllfaltd cart of our packer*, depend
liu> upon a ’freu-trudo as the only system which
- —•- —
ran give stability to tho mutual interest of city
and country merohonis.. - -
' THOMAS J. BARROW Sc. Co.
. , 88 Water-ttnet, Neu-Vork,
Jan lfl-37—3t
OROCEEIgS.
ftfl It *•’, ^iilwnriliprM hnvo p**nr.ivAd nor atAiimnr
T HK iubsorilters have received per steumor
Baltimore, UnJ plfcr for suio on reusonubls
'terras.
Sugar and Coffee,
Western Whiskey,
Rum and Wine, '
Liverpool Ground Salt;
Pickled Pork,
Mackerel, Vinegar, Mulossna,
“ tr. Ti '
IV—torn Flour, fresh and a superior trrtiele,
Cnstirtga and Hollow Ware,
Young Hyson Ten,
~ ir. Spice, Ginger,
Peppei
Starch, Indigo,
Rice, now quo fresh,
Figs, Raisins, Crackers,
C'o.liii* Sc Co's. Axes,
Tobtidee add Segafs, ,
Together with agenetel c^s'otsniehl.of Tm, Ja
panned ondCopper Warn.
TA1
I'ARVEU BULTUFr
Cofuinhos, Jtm. 88—fly—if
cottojt Wanted.
Tint NUHriCaiQKIU WISH TO FUKCUAUIi
lOOO BAG# CllTTOX,
which thoy^vviil pay die highest dpsh
COLUMBUS
HAT STORE.
will continue to receive the present season
Goods by Savannah and Apalachicola Bay, wltidi
Will enahlo them to koep up a general and com
plete assortment of *
M M M
NOURSE A CLARK
H AVE removed to the new brick _liqildln|
next" south of Smith at Me '* *"
THU soHBCiuaeim havk taksn rnn
WARE-HOUSE
irgao’s Store,
wlkjrc they offer for sale a general assortment of
HATS,
<lftbnir.own manufacture, on the iqost accom
modating terms
—AMOgo wnitK -iiik—
Whitt, Drab and Black Beaotr, Otter,
and Fiat lloram and Wtlol Hal*.
N. & C. will be constantly receiving fresh
supplies of lints from the factory, and ol the lu
teal foshiphs
Al.sq roll SAI.B,
75 Gatilk;men’s lirft'N and Fro> R COATS,
do “ PANTALOONS,
do « VESTSt •
JJffJSW MAT
Of the Sldtc, of Georgia.
May 13—58—tf -
IELONGING to M(,s»rs. Fontaine A Cook,
prleo that any foreign market authorizes
SMITH & MORGAN,
, M. W. PERRY.
Cnlumbui, Oct. 25—34—If
L.J. DAVIES & Co.
H AVE been receiving the last week, and
STAPLE AND FANCY
DRYGOODS,
—AMONG WHICH ARE—
Ruse, London Duffle and Point Blankets
Sultinets of differeat colors aud qualities
Rad, white and green Fianqels
White Canton Flannel ' .
Mixt Kersey anil blue Plains
Qros de Swiss and Gros tie Nap Silks of various
culore
Black Italian Lustring and Similiaw Silks
Rich Plaid Silks
Butins of various colore
Florence do do ■ * ■
Italian Crapes do do
Canton Gamble! and Ponuecs
Black and green worsted Borrtigii
Plain and figured Swiss Muslins
!)o do Jnckonet
Furnitura and Cambric Dimity
Corded Skirts
Ladies' Corsets ami *Hk and chiton I^rcloga
Thread, bolibinet and iimslin EUgings
Shoe
Store,
E WELL# Si Co-
AVE removed to the Brick Building
»v r. removen 10 me Urtck HmldinF hoxt
door a^»ve Wm. D: HurgroyeV, in Brodtl
Met, where they effor for smlo, on rousoMtbie
terms,
BOOTS AND SHOES
of ,very description, of tliuir own manufacture,
ednststing of
800 part, gentlemen's Boots
300 do. calfskin Shoes, highnnd low qaartor,
100 do. calfskin Pumps,
75 do. buckskin Shoos,
fit) do. sealskin Pumps,
200 da. Brogaut.
300 do. mums Shoes,
Ladios’ pruycllu Boots mid Shoes of various
pruneU
kind*,
Morocco Shoes,
Henlskiu do.
Calfskin do.
Istuthor wslkipglio as apd Boots,
Missq'suud children s Bools nod Shoes, ofovery
description.
N. K All work of-tltdirowd manufueturc
warranted not to tip.
July 2—7.—tf
, POWERS 6t NAFEW
Have Wilirir. a ffAv days received and 'Opened, an
additional supply of
deasonableDry Hoods
Hardf-tcarc, Cutlery,
' ASP
M’liJoh rqtuleta thpir stock very cumploto.
T HEIR assui’imciil emuprisc, nearly'nil urti
clos Wliieli nre'usuully wanted in tiielr'
line,
anil limy offer llirini Ardnodenito prices.
They rospeolfidly solicit a anniinuuueo of pu-
truangq from thjjr tiionds and ihc public.
GENERAL AGENCY
AND *
COMMISSION BUSINESS,
Cwmbtis, (fcorgia.
subscribers tender their services for the
truusaclijnof the abort busiucss, under rite
firm of
TA&SfiR # SQtmUB,
aud am eoJuteady t.i receive Mtrdioadisi nrui
Produce fcraale, on consigKmetit. Tin y are al
so how making ar anpetni. ms fer the creeiiud of a-
largo and sxtenrivO Ware-House forthe recup-
tioiiof Cotton,eutly next Fall.
They art pr> oared l • I'.ko fjberaly.dvauc.es op
all Merctncdize and f’l ’dueo consigned tojhotn,
unit will devote their whole attention to tlie inter-
oetuf those who fovor thorn with their patrqnugo.
BENJAMIN P. TARVER,
, HAUVEV fl. SarlltE
RfeFERF.NCF.S.
Mean. Jamas Hamilton <fc Hon. New York.
“ Gao. P. St Writ. G. liowosi, N. Orleans.’
* 4 Brooks, Lsthrop A Co. Appalachicoin.
Edward J. Hardin, JVq. do.
George VV Diilicphnin. Esi| Columbus, Ga.
Hiram Nourse, Ksq. do.
BOLTING
CLOTHS,
O F the first, soconil and third qafilitius, for
•tale by STEWART* FONTAJN.
May 14-fig—tf
GROCERIES,
ftor Cotton, Pipe. Staves, Hides
or approved papert
CHARLES e7NORTON,
Mt'fllKl'i Uilfjilinnt* Uh/t Plnnlitva vi«il
sir; hayne’s speech.
tcusTiailZb.)
Thvead and Imbbmut Footings
tu
-ace
Tt ani ] will receive Colton in sturo at the usa
nl rates, upon which liberal advances will b 1 '
ntade. We solicit nsluiri? of public putronngq,
J. FONTAINE.
SMITH St MOUGAN,
M. W PERRY.
Colnmbus, Oct. 31—V4s-tf ^ _____
NEW GOODS,
Li Cs ALLEN
ms nEceivcD and is nr.cEtviNit, ms
FALL AND WINTER
GOODS,
W HICH lie will soli on accommodating
term*. Ili* stock is comprised Jit purl of
tlio following a,tides, viz-;
London Duffll, Rose and Point Blankets,
Super blue, black, brown and olive Glottis,
Black Lasting, Boavcrteens, Funcv C<ird,
Red and white Flannels Canton F lannioS,
Red, while and figured Valencia Shawls,
Bombazcttes and Bombazines,
Merino Circaasians of various colors,
Cashmere Handkerchiefs, _
Bandanna. Ilugg, Pongee and plaid bdk Hdkft.
Super Italian Cravats, various colors,
Colored Crape Cauiblot,
Cotton and Unen Dt-.-inj,
Ladies’ silk, cotton, and worsted Hose,
Gentlemen’s do. do. and half do.
Ladies’ and gentlemen’s Ulovesnf vanous kinds,■
Cambric Swiss, iaroncl and Iwek Muslins,
Cash! Cash!!!
If ypu want any of the. above
' article, take a Ticket
in the
milledgea t ille
; STPsEST
LOTTE RY,
ivmc.p. has a
SPLSrjDID SCHS9IE,
seen as Tim rot.uiwiSQ:
j PNi’ZE OK $25,000
I -7; W
.Bnsidcs many large and smull prizes, too nutno
l-lura and figured Roblnnet I. .
iiaco Capes, Capa and Crazy Juntl
Illinois lace audcunibrlo Capa
Bloodo Earn and Feutfing
I’inli cambric Print*
Blark and- w bite do do
Black lace Veils
French MuilmSwnd Calicoes
Plain and striped Ginghams
’ IMi ’
an*, n large and extensive assortment
,«r Groceries, which added tii his former supply
from New York, makes hi* assortment its com
plete, if not superior, to any he has ever offered
to ike pnblic '
Ilia establishment will he supplied as oAun as
oned a 10011111, that his chttomrir* may be sure at
fitly lime of finding 11 good as, mtinent
Mora hints and Planters will find it tOtheirttd-
nuitnge to giie him u call, as it is his inteiitiop'to
sell ip. moderate prices, lor Cush, Colton, Pipe
StiiVe*, Vide* Or approved Paper.
Apalachicola, Ore. fiO.-ibltt—34—Irtf
Black, white mill red Merino Slrawls
Thibet wool Shawls
Silk and g
gauze Shawls and Handkerchief
. Silk, flngg imd handanus do.
I Ladies’ linen and linen cambric do.
Do do db bordered do
ltish Linen* and Table Dumasit
Silk, cotton and «t>M Hosiery
Gentlemen’s WnodHRk and heaver Gloves
laplins’ ktd and horseskin Glove* anil Mitts
Gentlemen’s woollen Gtovea and Miltjo*
Colored Cumbtio*
Black and white Hooks 3t Eyes
Pins and Noodles
pool Tliroaffand Linen Flow
, rousto particolaiiue.
[ The first-day's drawing will take place on the
1st February, 1832.
I Wholes # 10, halves $5, quarter* $3 50, to bo
j lad in a great variety of nninber* aftlie Columbus
Book store, Orders from tho country enclosing
1 the earli, postage paid, will meet with prompt at-
i motion. K. S. NORTON,
, Agent for the Manager*.
] Colombo*. Jon. 14—-35—if .
Cambric. Swiss, jnconcl
Super hleache'd and brown Linens,
Brown and bleached BhiHing* and Sheeting*,
Domestic Plaids. Bed Ticking. Ru*»'» Sheeting,
Printed Bed-spread*. Counterpane*,
Italian Gron do Naples. Bfqslin Robes.
Sarcnot and Dodiirte Silki,
Silk and Cotton Umbrellas, Ste.
Ltudietg gentlomen** Mid children • SHDej**
A variety of yoatli’* and children’*
HATS&CAP8.
HARDWARE Sl cutlery,
erotfcerg «ntr (Sla»»=tDnvr.
ALSO,
One case superior SHOT GUN8*
NpvlO-«r<
NEW GOODS.
WILLIAM JONES'A ۥ
j-| A YE ju*t received the following article*,
__. to wit: .
3 tilid*. extra fine 8«. Croix Sagar,
I litid. English Island Molasse*.
) pipe Cogniuc Brandy, Henncssy s brand,
10 hid*. Cnnal Flour, *
3 irarks imitntiou English Cheese,
li firkins prime Goshen Buttor.
50 hbls. Mackerel, No. 1,9 4 3,
10 boxes Spermaceti Candies,
White Morsaile* and printed Counterpanes
sfc’
JNFOItMH Meioliants and Planters viiiiioff
Apaiacliieola, that he has just received from
Now Oil' i
ON CQNSiaNMBNT,
SV ',1,1s. canal Hour, fresh,
Jr ti do. Afunongahela Whiskey, fuarth
proof, old and superior,
10,oho llavaniiuli Separs,
15 dozen choice Claret Wind,
fi Boxes Ruining,
1 dozen Ploughs,
for sale low by
TARVER St SGUIRE.
Cblominis, Jan. 28—37
Fresh llysen Ten,
r Black 1~
Heavy Black Pepper,
M boxes WinSsw Glass, 8 by 10.
‘jaw?j»asu.
Inn ' J»—Sh—* 4 *
3-4 and 4-4 Furniture Print*
Dimity and furniture Binding
BleacheiTand unbleached Sheeting and Shirtings
Apron Check*
Dorchester Ticking-. ■
Ladies’ Bead Bugs and Puise*
Fine gilt Cloth mid Crumb Bruslics
Gentlemen'* sea ottar and Icathor Caps
Cloth and chinchiHn Caps
HI. 10k and drab beaver and roram’lfute
Willow Wagons and Table Mar 4.
Millinary and Fancy Goods
Of all dencriptions.
A ■I’LENDID AHpOllTRfcNT or
JEWELRY&PERFUMERY
And a large und complete assortment of
7TINM&R CLOTHIXTG.
ALSO,
BOOTS & SHOES.
101) pair sewed and nailed Wellington Boot*
Jackson 8bootee*
Ladies' Prunella and Leather Bootees
" Blark and colored, heeled Pomps
<• Walking Shoe*
“ White satin Pomps
Misses and childrMi's Shoes nod Bootees of every
dcicnption
500 pair Negro Shoe*, a good artiele.
' ALSO,
A good assortment of
THE MUBttCDIBERB
R ESPECTFULLY inform their friend* and
the public generally, Unit they uru receiving
and opening nt their old atrtnd
313, KIXG STREET,
CCOarlcutoit, A.«.
A L*noz AMO iri.itnin assorthkst or
HARDWARE, CUTLERY
AND
PAXTCT goods:
To which the attention of Country Morehnnt* vi
siting tho city for supplies is invited. <
8 SMITH, HAURI8 * Co.
Charleston' Oot. 24—24—4m
T HE public is lerpectfully inforimUtfiatby a
vote of tlie commissioners the snliscriber
|,a* been appointed an Aucliouoor for the town of
Columbus. ■ .
lie also informs In* friend* and the public that
liaviog some knowledge of the business, he feels
lorifidenl of giving soiisfnQiion to Ml who may
favor him with their business.
Any person requiring
g a line to the Columl
frifin the Columbus Bank, Bioad-street, wjlfmeet
his services, by address-
is book-store, two doors
with prompt ullenlion
1 1 E. S. NORTON, Auctioneer.
January 7—34
ZVSURAJVOS.
T he Aagusu Insurance and Banking Com
pany will mrare produce and mareboadiM
again*! the dengera of RWr
^ w or Navigation on good
steamboat* and other rivet ciaA, and npon good
veacets from Apalaehioola to New Orleans or tho
Atlantic eitioa. They will also take lira risks
upon buildings, merebandias and produce.
GEO. W. DILUNGHAM, Agent.
Noolu-aM*
IN SENATE.
Monday. Jan. 16,1839.
REDUCTION OF DUTIESt
I shall at* proceed Mr. President, lo
examine the character fit ike protecting
ayslsni. And here, | shall ittiume, that
Ihe protection it egteml* to the Anterieee
meaufhetuett is something substantial, and
kflbrds songs advantage,L« it more or lees,
to the protected interests. I shall tahe.it
A>r grentem tliut it is.intended to eufible
■he Aroettfidn. tnaunfartureri to eniet into
llmt succeseful competition with the for*
eign, whiclztltey could not do erhheut such
protections t{htd the effort of the syatem to
io enable the American manufacturer to
obtikin more for his goods than he could
Otherwise command. In a ward* that it
ttlTonde substantial protection, and is not
lifcei that extended to cotton—11 mere
mime, for, on this latter point, lot it. be
remembered, that Ihe first cotton produced
in this country found it market abroad;
and that even now, nearly the whole of it
it disposed af in Europe, whoro it ratriu-
tninx a succeseful caaipeiiilon ngiiitnt hH
(he world. It is idle, therefore, to talk
of the benefit of.a protectiog'duty to rat
ion at home. It it beyond ull dispute,
Sir, tltpt, if any duty be ntetnarp tr/ pre
lection, it can only be, because it enublca
■he .nmnufaciurer to soli Ids goods for
more than he could otherwise obtain for
thorn. Now, io this view of the subject,
lei US see how'itie question wili stand.—
How must such a system uperate. first, on
(he (Irfowent interests, and secondly, on the
differout seuione of the country! We
will assume, that a poriiculnr niauufucturn
cannot be produced id the country, within
fifty per cent, as cheaply at.home, us the
same article could be obtained from abroad;
nod dial a duty which, With charge*,
should be equal to about fifty per-cent,
tuurpblolotely necessary to introduce and
to suttaia it. Sucli n ikuy must operate
u» a tax on every other class in ^he com
munity, for the bonefit of the manufactu*
rerj and Supposing it 10 be imposed, not
for revenue, hut protection, would- bo a
double tax. Suppose Ihe value of the im
ported article <0 be n million- of dollais,
the duly would be half a million ; and if
the protection nmoun.’od to an equal sum,
here would be a tux nf a million of dollars
imposed upon iho wlnde people, to secure
u bounty of hall a million to one portion
of them. Rut it is said the bounty is not
confined ..to the manufacturers—that oth
er classes participate. 1 admit that thorp
it a circle embraced within Ihe range of the
manufacturing influence, that partake of
tbh benefits ot Iho system. Farmers, in
the neighbourhood, who supply the oper
atives with food—mechanics, who con
strue! tlte buildings and machinery—cler
gymen, physicians, lawyers, and others,
who make up a manufacturing village, all
come iu for a share of the gains, and con
stitute, in iket, the protected clan, which
enioy the benefit*, of lire system.; but-aM
other classes in the commbmty must oh Vi*
ously bo laid wider Contribution, to make
that a profitable, which would otherwise
be an unprofitable pursuit; and, in the
case assumed, would -be tnxod to the a-
uiouut of one million ef dollars, to secure
to the favored class a bounty of half, n
million. Now sucrose, Sir, such a sys-
loqi us this to bo extended to til the cot
tons, woollens, iron uud augur, made In a-
ny country, and we will lake tlint country'
to be (lie United Stales. ,W« Will sup
pose, further, that cottons could not be
profitably manufactured without, a protec
ting duty of from twenty-five to an hun
dred per cent.—woollens from forty-five
to two hundred per cenl.-rifon from
otto hundred, to two hundred per cent.—
sugar from one hundred to ono hundred
and fifty per ceqt.; and that ihese duties
wore nccordiogly missed on Ihese sever
al articles, (amounting in the whole tq the
sum of nine millions of dollars annually :)
that, in cotwequeuce of those duties,, the
protection on fll the cottons manufactured
in the country was equal to throe cents a
yurd, und am'onnted to six millions of dol-
Turs per annum—woollens to eight millions
—iron to one million—and sugar a million
und a half—pioducing, as the result of tho
whole system, a mg of pine millions on the
foreign article to secure a bounty .of six
teen n.tffions nnd a half to the home man
ufacturers. I have supposed protection
to bo the exclusive object of this system,
and it then clearly follows, that all other
classes would bo tnxod twouty-five millions
of dollars per ammnLln order to secure to
the favored class a protection of sixteen
millions. The Government would; In
deed, receive its nine millions ; bet it
would bo an aggravation of diet evils of
the system, that this noioaHt should be
levied token it weu not vanted.ia.order to
socure tiie protected classes in their mo
nopoly. The rates of duties which 1
have here ussumod, ora those now ac
tually. imposed on the protected orti'
cles; (nod which h is proposed to re
tain as ooseutinl to protection,) sod the
amount of the protection enjoyed by tlie
manufacturers is stated at tlio very low
est that has ever been estimated by any
person who has undertaken to examine
ihf subject. If yob auppoao half of the
duly here staled to be necessary for rev*
rmm this would not diminish ibe weight
of the burden, though St would lesson »•
■hot efiiem the Iniuatico of the tax,-imd
i gwmlemen mbka whm doducifoas thaw
plMM, either from Mge duly imposed m
•he bounty received; and it will make no
ivr?. BCe . 1 T ha,ev " r tie prmiple*-
Wnotherte be one million or twenty, just
ae fnr ns the syitcmjfo protective in !•
ch i racier, and imposes any tax upon tho
foreign article, and affords any protection
whatever to the domestic, is,the systom a
tax imposed upon the other classes lo ran*
der profitable tlte industry of lira manu
facturers. And when this .mx amount*,
•«s it itnquostionnbly does in (ho cam be
fore us, m the very lowest estimate, id
twenty or thirty millions a year, it be
comes a scheme of monstrous injustice
sod oppression. Now let ns trace this
system one step.farther. Suppose such
a system applied to a country of a homo
geneous character, with tho same cnpaci*
ty for manufacturing every where, end that
manufacturing estphlishmenik should cob*'
Mfoneutly be equally diffused through ova
ry section. The.' benefits and the bar-
tlions of dm system would, in such a esse,
fall equally Upon every .portion pfHho court*
!ry, ihougli not upon tho differeot inter
ests of the $tale. It has been said that if
tlie prAfits of manufactures were ra isedby.
such a system, ebov*4he average, of the
prefits of the whole rotpmunity, that the
labor and capital absorbed in other pur
suits would flow into tlie new employment?
atid that.the. whole would uitimawly bo o-
qualixed, Admit that in process orf tirod,'
tips might bo tho rosuli; yet it could bo#
lake place at once, beenuse men esnuos
transfer at pleasure their labor arid capi
tal Irom their accustomed pursuits to otn-
arg. But if the profits should,be thus ultir
mately equalled in n.pnriiculnr commuiii*-
ty » jet if the favored pursuit was only
rendered profitable by the protection ex- *
tended to ii-rit is cicnr that the sclicmq
would result fit an aggregate lot* to tkS
tokofe. communi/yrrotfoal to the foil amount
of the bouuiv. I have assumed the cose
of an unprofitable pursuit being rendered
profitable by the proteetiqg system—for,
lo'auy other case the rysfpm is wholly in- "
applicable. If tlio domestic manufactu
rer Can make his goods os cheaply uud sup*
ply the domestic market on as favorably
terms as they could, be obtained from.a-
bronil, iheso it i» clear that no protection
whatever would be necessary, It may be
thut in ihe very infancy of a manufacture,
on its first introduction into a country, a
small protection for u short time might
hasten its advancement, but at must, tho.
withholding of such protection could have
no other effect than to delay its introduc
tion for a few years—for the existence in
any.country, of unemjiloyod capital, and
individual sagacity und enterprise, suf
ficient to diroet it prudently, would soon,
lead to the introduction qf every branch oj
nutntifaclip-et, for which such country was
really prepared. But this stiige of infancy
once passed, it is preposterous i io if Ik ol
ilia necessity of protecting any article that
cnii really be made as cheaply at horaa as
it c«n be obtained from abroad-rand to as*
son, tliat io reduce sueh proteetkm to
twenty or thirty per cent.; would bo ruin
ous (o any manufactu
iodustry can only be profithMy employ
and in exchanging their agricullaral pro
ductions, for the very foreign article»
which enter info competition with tie de-
ntesfic manufacture*, ini which are heav
ily taxed for lbe prdtectiop of the Isttar
—thaUhe etttkt or such tsx is ool only to
interrupt the Idtercourso and hnpsir tho
profits of their industry, but that the agri
cultural section is thereby cxjioted to tho
imminent hazard of having the market for
their;productions entirely cut off, and fi
nally, to cap tho climax of this injustice,
that lire taxes levied on the foreign arti
cles, aro expended almost exclusively In
the favored region, and you then hatrq*
Mr. President, the whole case af th*
south spread open before you. Their pur
suits are altopeiber agricultural—they CSO-
not change them—they canaot transfer
their lubor aud capital to (hie favored re
gion—they cannot find a market Tor their
productions, except by tachbO|iog them
for tlie very foreign manufactures which
nro taxed almost to .prohibition, end the
taxes thus raised ere expended m other
suctions. Is there a man in this assembly
who can Uy’his hand upon bis heart, and
say (hex ins a just and equal system! It
miy be sold, however, that all this Is
merely the result of. oer peculiar coodi-
tioo, aud the nature of our pursuits. It#
not so, Sir. All wo osk, is to hi let •
any manufacture, is to admit atoacO
that such article canuol be profitably made
at homo, and consequently ihst it can on
ly bo sustained at tho expense of the other
interests in the community. Now Sir, lot
us Suppose another case, and it is uobsff-
pily (lie very case which now exists ie that
u. Slates. We will suppose an extensive
Stale*,
qountry
agricultural, arid incapable of chssgiqg
H* pursuits, and that the other portion em
brace* within its limits, all the mnnufachl-
res and manufacturing capacities of tho
wlaile cotiniry. Th* bounty would ihoA
be exclusively enjoyod by ond section, an*
die other w6uld share only in the burthen*
of the system. To Make the ioeqaallty
stilj greater, it is Only necessary to sop-
pose that tlie agricultural section is not on
ly incapable of manufacturing fet homo,
but is prevented by insuperable Obstacles,