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foie. Leave ns to the fi(i __
tlm bourn tali of lltw»yi| and. the ad
ee* of our aitliwfoti, m sro >aiji no
Bu wuere i« die justice and equality »f a
eystcm nf legislation winch i»to make pro
vable »ii» mdratfy of (rthtwa by the tfo-"dooiesric matraficturi—trub if dm wight
,4>ur owl And b>^h.t righl ' “ i “~* 1 k “'“
_Uur*l ioJustry of the
manufacturing industry o
What la in»« ofci# «in«t*
the whole amount of fdrel
which ate titled lor ij|e
^ ^ __
Si that we arc* to ho made victims to the
prosperity of otltorsl I will hern borrow
uu iftnatratura,. 10 make tbia metier plain.
*Rto‘toolherti States supply themselves
with woollens, cotton, and Ivon, by raising
ceuon, rice, and tobacco. Now, suppose
weilmtihl oftchnttge aJJalo nf eohott/for •
hale of coarsd woollens, for 'bo use of our
slaves,'-cAtttrinine, we Will sav, 11 hundred
pieces. Thl* bale hi ehtth is aura. Ilia
tjra fruit of our otviSilebor. rtf Amoricdif
capital, and heme .industry. We trfiy bo
said to have iwitnutaeiurod il, not with tho
millions of imports roreivwd in exotenge
for tilt* production of 8. Carolina—and of
the forty millions received in exchange
fortheprodociiousof the pltuitaiitm Safes,
or etieest of so much thereof as embrace
the protected article*. ; 0tlr n aether a
firimtd* say,, however, that {tart of ot*r cot
ton nnd rice belongs to them. Bo it so.
Whatever remains to ua. and is rightfully
ours, J* subjected to the unequal system
which I have above described. Sir, it la
pur beyond ell dispute, that tho agricul
tural mil miry of the south'll taxed, one-
quatty, unjustly', enormously laiciL, in its
spindle and ilia loom, hot with tho plough foreign exchanges, in order to render pro
end tho hoe. Now, Sir, we wWt suppexo Stable the manufocturing Industry of the
• that a northern manufaetbrer has, by tho
upplication of nu equal amount of labor
itod capital, produced * a similar balo of
wttollans, of prwisely ihotomequnUtv and
value. In what respect is tho muttuiactir-
rer entithtdro borttgiirdoji wjth more fuvpr
than' the plnutar,? Uriel the freight which
wo may have paid W'diir ship owner, and
the employment givop tb oavigalior'. dull*
tie ns'o leas favor in tho eyes of Iho go
vernment. . Are the plough and the hoc
less faverdd atnsremanjt of ptodneitmt
titan tho- spindlo and the loom! Perfect
i.-a', y, Str, would seem to require that
wo shield stand, at least, on the mate foot
ing, anil that, whether those woollens wore
wanted for Consumption, or for talc, they
should be subjected to exactly t lie some tax.
Hut how are wo treated by a just and pa
ternal government, who caretb, we are
• Idld, equally for all her children t Our
bate of woollens is stopped nt the custdm-
houfo, and forty piocos nio taken out, as a
tax to the government, Whereby our stock"
is reduced tesixty pieces, -whilo this bulo
t of tlio manufacturer f* free front aft tnxa-
(foil. If ihese articles are Wanted for oitr
oWo conwtmptiefi, we elm consume but
sixty pieces j while tho' manufacturer re
tains liisi huaefred pieces. If the goods
ate* wanted for stilt*, we have but sixty pm-
jees to he converted info money, or fo ho
exchanged for other cottnnodUies; while
the manufacturer'buy hit bundled pieces
/or the same purposes; and if we should
happen to meet at the amne market, as iho
Itvo arliclas must sell at the sumo price,
being (if llio sunn quality, tho manufactu
rer will, ol course, realist* forty per com;
north. Taxed, I will not say to what or-
tenli— hut precisely to the amount of the
d«ty Imposed fiw prntoctioe, oud the price
added,to the domestic article, whatever
these flfcty be. It is suid, Sir, that the
consomor pays thorax, and that the tariff
Stale* pay tfieir foil proportion of tho tax
dir their consumption. Sir, 1 think this
may be well doubled—our habits are dif
ferent. *A South Carolina farmer, whose
crop is worth a thousand" dollars, sends,
pet imps, the whole of it to market; and
exchanges it for. foreign productions, pay
ing, il 'may bo, a duty of fifty per cent,
tli* tax would be five hundred dollars j
the ■ mnlitern or western farmer raising
f troduca to the value of a thousand dol-
on, will consumo nine huiidretf of it eu
his farm, and exchange but a hundred for
foreign articles, end be subjected to a du
ty of only fifty dollars. This, differeuco
of habits between the different ports of
the country, is greater than would be sup
posed possible. I huvo known u wealthy
planter in the. neighborhood of 'Charles
ton, shat did not raise n single articlo that
was hot sent to foreign markets, mid who
purchased every thing that was consumed
by.himself or but slaves. His cloth front
England, his-winaa from France, his hor
ses, mutes, and hogs* from the wc.t—his
coin from Maryland—wooden were, po
tatoes, and olltnr notions, Isom New Eng
land ; nnd I ' assure our New England
friends, that although we do tins relish all
of their notions, there ate anme that wd
prir.H very highly. But, air, if the con
sumer did, in every case, puv tho whole a-
mobnt of tho tux, and the consumption whs
Miel a thy Wind It dear that we havq long
h.—i ain«e passed die point at wlftch any farther
redahiitsti nf twaflts could’ possibly tie ex-
totted from the merchant or die mane-
flmw»CH.and that every successive iu-
creasp of the tax, for year* (Mat, has fal
low almost exclusively upon the producer.
The proof of thji is tf be found hi tlqe
feel that cotton has within a feW years,
been gradually foiling, until it has lost
ptore limn two thirds of ijt value, and now
barely pays iho expense of its product Ion,
bringing down.with it the wages of «wr
agricultural labor uud capital lo thb very
lowest point. SomogCutlcmen insist that
the Southern producer now bears nearly
the whole lex, while the gentlemen on the
Other aide contend that it is a maxim uni
versally true' that the ** consumer pays
the tax.” I am inclined to think that the
truth lies lb the middle, t can certainly
conceive a state of thingsin which the
producer would, as such, pay nearly, the
whole of she lex; but,‘except whore the
lax is a very moderate one, or it imposed
upon the absolute necessaries of life, it is
hnpossHiio that the wliole-of the wuight
could be thrown upon dm consumer, No
one, surety, would Contend that /if any
community w«Q> in the habit of consum
ing 'fifty millions uf foreign goods, im
ported duty free, thpy could afford to con
sume any tiling 1'ke the' some uaiouul un
der a duty of fifty per cent, if tho whole
duty were added to-theprice. But tv lie tit
er tho tux be in gouerul paid by the pro
ducer or llm consumer, or Vo divided be
tween them, (u my miud it is clear, that
iu the actual condition or tiling*, the bur
den falls most unjustly and uitequully on
llte Southern States; 1 will illustrato this.
Wo will assume that South Carolina an
nually exchanges eight mjljion* of dollars'
worth of cotton.Hud rice Tor tho foreign
goods, paying-a duly of fifty percent,
equal.to four million of dollars. Now,
suppose tho coosuiiicrto pay th? whole
lux, how would tho account aland 1 As
sume tharno more than Ois-i^a our Im-
piiiutionssre consumed *i kome, j»v
ft.000.000
of 1-UT tmtpn; ad evcntlhat ishardfy ns-fin an
ceuary for me to ssy, would involve tfiejTte
whole South in inetrfeygbfc rttia. It Is
idle for gentlenieh to pretend ibat tbe
North cau ever furnish a horns market
for all the cotloit'of the SourftT Twh or
three hundred thousand bales is theut-
very article* most highly protected
ipjhis country, cottons, woollens, aud iron,
•re now eoHieg hi England much htwer
than they <an be obraiued here. This is
■a fact perfectly notorious to every iniport*
ing merchant, eed I have abundant evi
dence of it «Ow m. my hands. Here Are
r _ ^ sieteinenrs shewing that such goods hove
evils of this avsteoi, ltowever,1s »t ye4actmdly boon impurted within foeUsl year
rnoro tliaii the planter." .Now, Sir, what; nr exact prnomiron to popuiution, cotthl
Theta* at Cny per csiei.. would te 2,000,(WO
Huppow two nriUioaj exchaugei) with
our northern* bretfcrsn for jirah^cd
articlet, tbe increased price of wtuoti
would be equal lu the dutr, tbia
would Ira
an vqwi, aay, la a greater degcra.—
growe to do iitthis dllcmt.i.if How rue wo
t6 t-scapo lids onOqtt.il hurdoul ' I’ho Soil-
afor from Kentucky ^Mr. Clay) on u for-
ther occasion taxed hts ingenuity to pro
vide us tho men >,of nscnpii j and I must
presume, iliiit if). s tirgdnuiiy foiled, the
case is -diogpihet without hope. 'There
nYt’ ioji w .rs. safd ihe'Soltartfr.'bj' tvlrieb
tha S', nt I. may he avoid' the fax. Fhst,
“ ht/ abstaining jr<m* the purchase nf the
foreign articles." lint, Sir, wo cannqt do
without them ; an>l lltia tradri, moreover,
furnishes tho only market for our.produc
tions. To adopt this alternative,' would
ho tn seal our ruin. Secondly, said the
gon'loman, “ employ the rival American
fabricBut, Sir, if the manofactoror
would toko our co'ton- In exchange for Iris
productions, (which ho cannot Jo, except
to a very limited extent,) wo should pny
os heavy n tax in the price of the domes
tic, as in tho ditty on the foreign fabric ;
for bo one will prbtend, that if tito quali
ty be the same, there would any differ
ence of price iu the American market.—
Thrdte, " manufacture for owtctccs."
Sir, wo cannot manufuetttru. Except as
to n few coarse articles, slave labor ta ut-
toily incapable of being applied lo such nu
obji-ri. Slaves nre too improvident, tod in-
can .Me of that minute,conitnnt,delicate si
te oit,and that persevering industry, which
lx f .vM'iitiiil fo the success of manaltcturing
establishments. It was but the othsr day
that some of our New England biothren
gotU into thuit heads that they understood
our ionitution*.better than wo did our
selves, aqd undertook to create a splendid
manufacturing establishment in tho district
represented by my distinguished and val
ued {rived, (Mr. McDuffie.) It was tf
cording!y put into operntiott, but had gone
on but a short tunc, when one of tlieslnvya'
was tempted to make free with the gogdt,'
and, to prevent' detectiqn, burnt up the
wholu cstabiishrthvti. If might be xup>
f iowd, Sir, that the people of South Caro,
ma wo«ld nut have boon inclined.tc pun
ilh aiifh an offence with grout afcvn ity; and
ifthc culpsi, find os«ipod, 'I'presume we
should.«ot soon have hoard, the end oifit.
Not so, Sir, however. We liqve a law
which punishes nr ton, whether corawittad
by « black, or i White bun, with death.—
The offrndoi wax biongliuo trial,and being
convicted on the dearest proof, suffeied
the peonlty of the jaw. And, Sir, to show
how little justice is sontetimes moled out
to tho South, I will state the fact, that
since I arrived here, 1 ’have seuu an ac-
count of this transaction in prim, headed,
with large capitals, “ Cruelty to slaves,"
atid representing that a pour innocent ne
gro h td recently boon fharged in South
Caroliqs, for burning down u-building hy
accident, f think. Sic, the gentleman
will now hunself admit, (hat, to. embrace
this proposition, wo,aid only be, to use an
pld adage, "jumping oat of the frying pan
into the disc*' The last remedy suggest
ed by tho gentleman, is, that we should
•t supply ourselves with household iniuui-
tortures." What, Sir, give up -our for-
qign trade! Abandon our agricultural
pursuit*, and involve tho whole souihern
.coontry In desolation and ruint Are we r ^
ia be driven from tbepursuit* ofuur choice Nfie iradehy'readeriogit unprofitable'"ohll
in or lei to promote the .industry of the concerned. Sir, there may be’ o differ-
xxMtnut ..cvurmrsT cure of opiniooas to the point to which
Tits cose which I have *tatod, of tiie I we have now arrived ih the' progress of
hale of woollens, tlluttrafe* ilie unequal [ this ivatem; (for let ft be remembered
Operation ol this system upon tho ngri- jihnt tho system is stili fragressing ;) but
gornh men even then fail to aeu the wolo
difference in die operatiun of ihe protect
ing ayatom oil the two seriions, when they
consider that the tariff Stales are remu
nerated; and morn than remmiHinind, for
any mx which they may pay, in the boun
ties they receive, while we receive no re
muneration whatever. It' this ho doubt
ed, I will apply n teat, winch, I think,
cannot iinaaihly deceive ua. Do our New
-England btVihren not understand tlieir
own mterest ? Do you think, Sir, thnt
tbev would be very apt to fall inlovo with
taxation and court the impositions of bur
thens I ' How comes it, then, that they
have been taught to believe that “ taxa
tion is no tyr.yiny," hut on the contrary,
the greatest of earthly blessings?- Why
itlVlhnl they would regard a* tho heavi
est of calamities, ifio redaction of the
public burthens ? It it not chair,-then,
that they regard tho duties Us a bounty-
to their industry, And that they know that
they have the power to indemnify thorn
selves for nil limy pny in duties.
..But, Sir, there is another view of this
matter which demonstrates, 1 think, still
more plainly the inequality of the system.
I allude to Its eflbrt upon the peoplo of
the. south, as producers of the articles
which are exchanged for foreign commo
dities. There Ofe very. • nble men, Sir,
who have undertaken to prove that-we
suffer from tbts aystem chiefly in onr char
acter ns producers. To my mind'it is
morally certain thnt the people of the
Snath either aa produces or consumers,
support n burthen nearly', if not entirely,
equal to Hie whtilo amount of the t»x
levied On their importations. The pre-
Oisc manner in which ihj* operates, is a
problem not ao easy of solution. 1 will
endeavor to explain, however, very brief
ly, my conception of ihp process. ’
‘ Wo will rapposo a perfectly 'freo trade
to bn cat ril'd on between the Soutltero
States and Great Bi imm—iftat is to soy,
that the nrtich s an both side* were admit
ted, duty free. In this state of things, n
progressive Ids, 4 equal to flvP pef cenr. per
annum, isintposodoh British manufactures
for the protection Of our out). The first
doty of five per cent, wimld ’doublless, bu
added to the price. "Before this progrea-
xive duty'had advanced niany steps, how-
over. the period would arrive tvheh no sd-
ditinual charge cOnld be 'ittstained by the
consuntar without e reduction of his con
sumption. Tho next flvo per corn, then
imposed, would have to be sustained by
the merchant, or tho foreign manufacturer,
or the producer of iho cotton, not! wo'uhi
most probably bo divided Among them.
In B»s manner, ns tho ayatom' progressed,
the profits of tho merchant would bo re
duced to the lowest scale; those of tho
manufacturer would also bc brouglit down,
end the Southern producer would, in-his
turn, fie compelled to submit to a redtie-
lion in the prlco of his productions. Each
successive * f ep in the further progress of
the system would sink lower and lower
•he |M-ice «f hit cotton, until it sms redo-
txd to the very lowest sum that wotrid
flay the oxpenseuf its production. Theve-
rr next step most, ol course, annihilate
1,000,000
Making 93,000,000
THo remaining two millions' being ex
changed for unprotected articles, u tax Ot
ono million would lib paid on the con-
sumption by our northern ' mid western
brethren. From this state of iho cosh
it wou|d foituW, thin if tlic com ugter pays
tlio whole lex, wo would pay h* consum
er* thren millions out of these four im
posed upon the foreign articles received
in exchange for our produclions, though
we should consume only half of them
But if we take it fur grunted that tlio tux
cHitnoi bo added lo thi price, we would
of course get buck no part of the duties
paid at the custom house.; arid in itial case
we should bear lira whole burthen. It
lias been said that the duties on imported
articles tall chiefly an tlte merchant and
the foreign mauulit'ctuier; but I ltold this
to bn Impossible, for sorely two or three
per cent, is the utmost reduction.that can
be made from the profits of the merchant,
Mid not much mure could bo taken off
from those of the manufacturer. Indeed,
how could ft bo expected that the Ameri
can demand for British innuufactui'ei
would muierially affect their price, when
imMnoMvpiotiiildy, than a twentieth part
of the whole finds a murker in this coun
try? Il is oil the American producer,
therefote, ilint this sax must chiefly fall.
Sir, the duties upon imports nfe hither
paid hy the consumer nr they ui'e not.. If
they nru paid by him, I have shown that
Iho far greater portion of the duties on
tlio goods received in exchange for oitr!
cotton falls upon tho planter, aud that lor
this hr receives'no. remuneration whatev
er. If the duties Sic not paid by the cqn-
Mimer—.that is to .nay, if they are not ad-
■led to the price—-then il is manifest that
tho whole amount nf duties falls ujrao tis
without the possibility of relieving our
selves from ilfly pm t of the burthen. As
(n the pupnlar notion* that alt consoufiers
most pay equally, I will ask any 'geiiilo-
m ill to tell me how it -ia-witli those who
consume the tar? Hero is a tax of six
teen millions imposed directly or indirect
ly upon Southern production. ' Fourteen
millions of tins amount are transferred to
the north, and there consumed. Are the.
consumers of these fourteen millions tax
ed on .their consumption paid ea highly.its
those tvho have the whole amount ?
Sir, ! have done with this branch of the
subject. Great as at* the present evils
of the system to the smith there tile great
er atil!—in prospect. We are seriously
threatened with the entiroloss of the for
eign markets for onr productions. All
(rude is hat an exchange of equivalents,
Ritd is founded on the iiiaxiinnf "give and
take." If you nxrluUn British goods
Trout-our market, you, in effect, exclude
our cottmt from their markets. It is in
vain to tell its that England must have
our cotton. You may force her to do
without it. Evoiijnow she supplies her-
sell, to a groat extent, flora other coun
tries: front her East India possessions,
Egypt. Bruxil, and' elsewhere.! and you
wiil make it tier interest, hi-the end, lo
give up the American trude entirely.—
Even now she U looking to this as n possi
ble event. You find her encouraging'lira
production of cotton in the East Indies,
hy • discriminating duty to which you
have forced her, aud stimulating the pro
duction of tho article in South America,
where she is furnished with w ifcarket for
Iter manufacturers, almost duty free. Can
wo, then, he blind to the fate that awaits
utwhen the American System shall be
consummated, and we shalt-hwcut dff from
n market of seven hundred thousand bales
most extent to.w.Ujch ate could find a mar
ket in that quorter. Tha catalogue ol the
completed. It is not merely .the mischief
it boa done, aud life still greeter evils
which it tbreateqs, hqt it has arrested our-
mat ch to greatness, and prevented da from
fulfHltag ourtiigti deitiuiea.' Wliitt'would
hove bean tho condition of, this country
now, if wu. had nfiver benn deprived of
;ho blessings tit freo (rode I Why ts it
that our tonnage and our expert* have not
grown with onr growth, trad strengthened
with our strength ? jt- is ImCAttse oar pros
perity ha* been blasted fay tiie restrictive
system. Look, Sir,-at this picture, in
1810, with a population of seven millions,
We had a tonnage of one million fourhon-
drud thousand. Iu 1831, with-a- popula
lion of thirteen ifrittimu, our tonnage is
reduced to one million two' trondrcd thou
sand ; nnd, going still further hack, in tho
year 1800, our imports amounted weigh-.
tv-one millions, wiiile now, witka popu-
lutiira ol' thirteen millions, our exports are
reduced to.seventy-two millions.
Thus, while onr population.Iras increns
ed ne-arly threefold, ode foreign commerce
has not adviinct'd at all. Sir, if Wash
ington's free trade system hod- continued
unto 'his day, for bo it remembered thul
Alexander Hamilton’s protacting system
was essentiMlIy a system of free trade, im
posing duties only of front five to'seven
nnd a Its)f per coot, can it be doubted
that we should now have hitd a touoags
of two iurllioti* and a half'and that onr
exports would havn amounted to one hun
dred and fff-v millions. I am (old that
Of.i of tiie ablest- financiers in this coun
try has recently declared that he shquld
consider an average duty of twelve or fif
teen per cent, ad valorem, ns iatnjndnntly
sufficient for all the purposes of revenue ;
and that, under such tt system, our imports
and exports would, in bis opinion, exceed
a hundred millions of dollars the very first
year. 1 know, Mr. President, that it litis
sometimes been said that the evil* under
which the south is suffering irriso fram the
over-production of rotten ; but this is not
so. Cotton is an article, tho production of.
which cannot be overtjone, ^It. is the
cheapest of all known raw materials. It
ia last- superceding silk, wool, hemp; nnd
flax, all over the world.’ -As a proof of
this, I will advert to the fartythat, during
a pnriod, iu England, when her woollen
mtmufiictures advanced From five millions
of pounds sterling to six, the cotton man
ufactures progressed from one million to
more than thirty. If yon would take off
your duties, and throw open to us the mark
ets of the •* orld, American cottons would,
to a great extant, supersede all others, and
we should find a market, itol for one, hut
for two_ millions of bales. Tlte whole
South would then, indeed, become a "gar
den spot." But it is insisted bv iheeupport-
ers of the protecting system, that ita only
effect is to make our goods come cheaper.
Sir, if this were true, ( will venture to as
sort, that -the manufacturers themselves
would be the very first to abandon the
system. Their object, certainly, is not to
lessen, but to increase their prices. Even
if this were tiie case, however, I am una
ble la discover how the cotton planter
could be compensated for lira loss of his
-market. How is this supposed reduction tp
be brought about? By competition, »av the
geutlemeu, between the British and the
American mauufaetuter.. But if ft ia com
petition that is to produce this reduction
of prices, the manufacturer, on both sides,
must be piut oq an equal footing. Wliat
sort of competition is that which is foun
ded on a discrimjiiatroiyof fifty per eedt.
iu favor of one of the parlies—and if, in
spile ofxudh a discrimination, the contest
can be niamiamod at all, is it not, by that
fact, put beyond dispute, thnt but- for the
tax, the pripos would be still farther re
duced? Gentlemen take it fur grunted
that the competition, among the foreign
manufacturer* ia not sufficiently great to
reduce tho price to tbe very lowest rata.—
in • Philadelphia, New York, and else
where, am} after paying -duties of from 30
.1* at-100 fraHseilt. have been sold as loW-
as the demaatia manufacture, Sir, f ascer
tained, before 1 raft Abate, that the whole
quantity -of cotton goods imported-into
Charleston -during tne latt your paid an
average duty ol fifty per cent, tttd then
they were void as low •« American cot
tons nf the same quality. Bdt f am real
ly ashamed to iiiguc a question so self-evi
dent. How can taxes posiibiy lessen
prices? Hew can prelection diminish the
cost of production? . Wltttt are the ■efe-
menu of price? Are.they not the edit of
the raw material—tbe wage* of labor—
and the interest of tapital? and bow corf
these be lessened by a tax -on (he article f
To say soi ls tb teversp all the rides of
proportion. GeutlemOn might »» (tell
contend that two added lo five make three,
us that fifty per cent, added tn the coat of
an imported article, lessens its-price (f
? ;enllem»n can believe this, they mby be-
iove any thing. . But tho truth i«, Mr.
more anti oil ft* machinery. k» .but another
and • desperate offort of the federal party,
to got into powor. Will any man step
forward aud say that John Sergeant Is not
a Federaliat—- will any one deny that ho
was th« fast frieod and co adjutor of Ru
fus King, by whom the Mittsouri quesiiou#
was got up to coyer it struggle for power?
and yet the national republican conven
tion, with tames Barbour at their bead,
have nominated (hit man for vice presi
dent’ The people cannot, will not re
spond to the nomination, and if Mr., Ser
geant hopex to reach ihe racond office in
tfte goverument he will find .-himself o»
milch at fault as when, he went in search
of that Will-o.-therwisp the Panama con-'
gross.-*-- Georgia, Constitutionsdist, ,
The Liberator.—e should not ygafo
notice this publication but for this purpose
nf showing -tlra. principle or ratlrar the
waat. of principle with which its editor
acts. He lias recently published several
letters, purporting 10 ha frotndti* place';
bearing lira strong marks.eftheir.being in-
tended as a hoax on him, aud detailing cir-
cutnsi auces, highly ludicrous where the
piidtics named ih them are known, lu his
thsf paperis.one that surpasses any tbiug
of tha kind we have teen, and istruly laugh
able to all who are acquainted with tho
dtamatus petsonen exhibited. They, are,
in fuel, no other than a venerable waggou-
er, dignified with the title of Judge, and
President, this whole matter of (ho re- janitdry curprits, witnesses, lawyers, &<:.
ductlon io-litn price of goods is very ea
sily explatued. It depeuds oil general
cause*, which beam operated to a detain
extent all over iho WoiliL' From a tho
rough investigaittMr of the auhjeet, winch
has ta.ltan place iu Great Britain, ft is
found toliave resulted from the tqqn cc'w-
tionof the currency, improvemotits in ma-
chiuery, and the getfotul restoration of
peace. Tho resutiipliolt uf specie pay
ments, and lira diminished supply ol tlte
precious muttils, is calculated to have lea- j
sened tbe.circulaftng lirodiitni' lo ihe a-
mount of uiiw-fd- ot $500,000,000.—
Tiw- effect oT this single cause Ims been,
'Within the lust ten yeurs, tint reduction of
prices in that country-to lira amount of
thirty-five per-cent, to which fift een-per
cent, may be uddad for tire other causes
above mentioned—making in the whole
n'reduction of almost fifty per cent, in the
money price of «1l jiritcfos. Tho somo
thing has takeu place in this country, and,
therefore, when gentlemen allege that the
price of manufactures has tullco, the ita
I hey even (oil us of coiUhiuntjona among
them lo keep up their (trices. Sir, such
combinmiona are utterly impossible. How
are the manufacturer^/ - iron, ia Sweden,
Russia,and England,^phe cotton, and silk
manufacturers of France, to enter into a
onubmqtiott? The thing is ridiculous; No,
Sir, if the duties worn taken off, lira pri
ces of goods would be reduced to their
mitiiaHim, and much lower than they are
now tnthis country, and it is for this reason,
and this only, that the manufacturer* ore
piotesiiiig nguinst it. But, Sir, where is
the evidence fo he found that the-tariff has
produced aay reduction whatever, iu lira
price of tbe protected articles. Is there
buy oilier foundation for the assertion than
this: than the prices of cottons,Woollens,
and iron, have actually fallen since 1824 ?
But all other articles have likewise fallen,
pfofectnd and -unprotected. Real Mid
personal estate, cotton, flour, end tolrac
co, all—all linvQ gone down, and most of
them have fallen<in a much greater degree
ibun woollens, cottons, and iron. Has tho
tariff done all this? What say the gen
tlemen? I have here a price current con
taining tbe price* of 250 articles. In 1816
nnd 1831. From this it appeets that there
has been au universal reduction in the
price of articles of every description, and
that those admitted duty free have been
reduced, at least, ia an equal rntiewith
those paying duties. Indeed, Sir, I think
that n careful examination of this table
will shew, that reduction in (he protected
articles lias not been so groat at in the
others. But tho reduction has not been
confined to this -country. It .h*s taken
place in England, and all over the world
ked f ict rftoves nothing, unless (bey can patliy.
all of tho canine class, such' a* fice-dogs,
bid!-dogs, bounds, and “ curs of low de
gree," all welt known about our streets
and one reverend gentleman, ou whom the
Iftle "sits more loosely," than that of pub
lican. Two of these unfortunate animals,
(tratixformed into nttm by the loiter) arc
about to be executed in the vicinity dt
Macon, tor. n quarrel about their sweet-
httart. The fetter is, undoubtedly, foun
ded on a dog-fight that excited some ntti-n-
ticm [roompugilistic amateurs, which oe-
etttred in our signets, and is, the wot kef
*Jnm mischievous wag. The q'her letters
published 'iiCthe Liberator, such as tho
martyrdom uf John Lumb, for subscribing
to that paper, dee. have no better founda
tion In .truth. The unfortunate fulu of
our poor dogs, ant? poor John Lamb, has
no doubt excited deep commiseration from
friend* of his own caste. A militia Cap
tain whom lie has represented as hewing'
some slaves to pieces with his sword has
also received his measure of execration,
and Ins poor victims their share of sym-
sltow that they have fallen in a greater de
gree than other articles in this country,
and similar nrricles abroad. But this it
ao far from being the fact, that the truth is,
that the protected articles luive fallen less
in proportion tltun those which receive no
protection. C.olton is a. striking example,
which lias, in a few years, .lallen to one
third of its valuo, whilo no ptotocted ar
ticle bus, in tbq same period, fallen ono
hulf.
I trust, Sir, that we have now made out
our case; that we have shown the unjust
nnd unequal operation, in every poiut of
view, of this system, and that, us far as
the South is concerned, uud the West
also, though not in the same degree, it is
iiirunmiiigated system of burdens. And
even with regard to the fuvoted section,
Although we cannot commend the ptccr
tiewbf writing such letters, yet we hope
that good may thi3 time be dorived from
it, hy unmasking the villain that will pub
lish any tiling that comes in his way, with
out the least assurance of its truth. And
also, that it may deter more respectable
Editors from copying, as some of them
have done, similar |K!i versions of facts,
front his polluted columns. Wo regret
that Legislative enactments have ever
been made to put down that paper. An
exposition of its recklessness of the truth
has sufficiently marked it as an object for
ridicule, and will consign it to that con*
tempt which is its only desert.
Macon Messenger,
. Ptolemy T. Harris, Esq. has been clio-
1 would submit, how for il is wt?o to in-1 sen bv the Legislature ofAlabama Judro
k'tat lit trail a cuotem .ut.iol. .wn Iw. ! P* . i at "» r. ... b
sist upon a system which can only be
maintained at the expense of other sec
tions. Sir, I feel too much confidence in
thn justice aud magnanimity uf o.tr Norlh-
oftlra First, and lienlm G. Perry, Esq.
Jadgeofthe second Judicial Circuit.—
Tiie Legislature ttlso selected Montgom
ery as the location of iho Biranch Bank el
ern brethren, to suffer myse.f to doubt j the State, John Gindral, F.sq. was chosen
theft willingness to abandon this system,
if they could srtw it iu the light wo do. - It
may enrich them for the moment, but the
Prcsitlcnt, nnd the following gentlemen
Directors: C. F. Pollard, John W. Free
man, Bcmtjali S. Bibb, Samuel Halt,
prosperity it create* is attffichtl. and wilt George Whitman, William Falkr.cr Wil-
asturediy be unsubstantial. No cOOutiy ; liuni Sayro, William D. Pfokett, Daniel
can be permanently benefitted by « sys-1 Carpenter, Tbntnas Brown, Bushrod W.
tem of bounties. This system may do- j Bell, Charles Lycaa. A bill was passed
stroy the South, hut it will not poi tniuieut- incorporatlug Hie Tennessee and Alabama
ly advance the prosperity of the North. } Rail Road-Companv, the 20.h section of
It may depress us, but cannot elevate j wlricli declared ilie charter forfeited if tbev
them. ' Besides, Sir, il persevered in; it
must annihilate that portion of (lie couii-
ti'y from which the resources me.to bo
drawn, that ere to' enrich the Northern.
iiMnulucturorf. And it may be well for
gentlemen fo reflect, whether adhering lo
this policy, would trot bn acting liko the
man tvlm “ killed tbe goose which laid
the goldou eggs." Let gentlemen be as
sured, that ibis is a system which cannot
possibly last. It will, sooner or biter, be
Utterly overthrown. Would ft not be well,
therefore, for them to seize lltia favorable
occasion to make some sacrifice of their
peculiar interests to the general welfare ?
I To hi concluded next tcccl: )
" The tree is known by its fruit.— Is it
not surprising that of all the stutoamen,
great and small, in this wide union, John
Sergeant, of Philadelphia, should, have
been selected to .guue cheek by jowl
with Mr. Clay through tha presidential.
applied to.and received aid from the Gen
eral Government.—Aug. Cour.
Iu tho Legislative Council of Florida,
resolution* have ItVrta reported requesting
the Seriate ol tlte* United States to reject
the nomination of Win. P DuvaJ, us
Governor of that Territory.
Tho Senators who voted for confn mine
Alt.. Vat* Buren’s nominal ion were:
Messts. Benton, Blown, Buckner, Dal
las, Dickerson, Dudley, Ellis, Forsyth,
Glumly, Hendricks, Hill, Kami, King,
MattgUm, Mjircy, Robinson, Smith, Tazn-
woU, Tipton,Troup, Ttier, White, Wil
kins. .
Those who voted for tho negative are:
•Messrs. Bell, Chambers, Clay, Clay
ton, Ewing, Foot, Frelinghuysen, ilaytie,
Holmes, Jobnstou, Ktiighl, Miller, Moore,
Nnudfttra, Poindexter, Robbins, Ruggles.
Seymour, Silshee, Sprague,' Tomlinson,
contest? John Sergeant—un old nnd con-' Waggaman,}Webster,
firmed federalist—a Missouri restriction- ] The Somite being equally divided tho
At—pwbaps w* might wul. truth add—ap | Vice-President deter mined the question
abolitionist—this is rho man who is to he j in the negative,
hitched to Mr. Clay's skirls mid to slmrc
with him the perils nnd the successes of the
conflict!—If hi*do not proves dead weight
upon the nationals it will be wonderful in
deed! Mr. Barbour may make inflated
speeches mid will) Iris posse cunilatus (»y
visits to the vetternblo Charles Carroll-
he may bestow all hit grace* and glosses
upon the convention and its proceedings
—for he is tho ve»y man for pageant—
Air. Clay loo may exert all fail tact, aud
throwing off the character of an ardent as
pirant with humble modesty, scarcely von-
turtvjo accept a nomination which had
been batter bestowed upoq eon more wor
thy than himself—-the national republican
convention may issue its buHs to the na
tion—no art^no stratagem, no eloquence,
no plausibility can ronce l from tha oeo-
..U r„, ,L_. .1 ■ ... ' . rT . .
It will lie observed that the two Geor
gia Senators voted for the confirmation,
mid lira two S. Carolina Senators ugaiust it.
W’c understand that letters have been
rccoived in this city, announcing iho ap
pointment by the President, with the con
sent of lira Scuafe, of Hugh S. Legarc,
Lsq. us Charge d'Affaira jit Belgium.
The Danth of Pope Pius 8Hi is among
the items of foreign nows. Il« died on
thpJOlh December. ’
pie tho fact— thatthocouvoDtioo ai Haiti- 'of 1816."
Tho Richmond Entjuirtr says—“ We
understand a loiter is in this city from n
member of Congress from Virginia; sta
ting that from present appcarauces tho tar
iff ia likely to acitto down to tho standard