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BY JAMES VAN NESS.
PUBLISHED
Even’ Thursday morning, in the “Granite
Building,” on the corner oi Oglethorpe and
Randolph Streets.
TER M S :
Suiuciuptiow—three dollar, per annum, payable .n
advance three dolla.s and a half at the end of su
months, or four dollars, (mall cases) where pay
ment U not rn.de before tne expiration of the year.
No subscription received for less than twelve months
withoot payment in advance, and no paper discon
tinued, except at the option of the Editor, until all
arrearages are paid.
Anv r.Hrist-MC.s rs conspicuously inserted at one dol*
lar per one hundred words, or less, for the first in
sertion, an 1 fifty cents for every subsequent contin
uance’ Those sent without a specification of the
number of insertions, will be published until ordered
out, and charged accordingly.
2. Vevri-v Advertiskmehts. —For over 24 and
not etcee Img 3> lines, fifty dollars per annum ; for
over 12 and not exceeoing 24 lines, thirty-five dol
lars per annum ; lor less ihan 12 fines, twenty dol
lars per annum.
2. All rule and figure work double the a:>ove prices.
Legal Advertisements published at the usual
rates, and with strict attention to the requisitions of
the law.
All Sales regulated by law. must be made before
the court house door, between the hours of 10 in the
morning and four in the evening—those of .and in
the county where it is situate; those of personal
property, where the letters testamentary, of adifiih
istra'i >n or of g.Mrdiamqtp were ob-a.ned—and ire
requited to be previously advertised m some public
gazette, as follows:
S„chi res’ Sales under regular executions for thir
ty days ; under mortgage ti fas sixty days, before
the day of sale.
Sales of land and negroes, by Executors, Adminis
trators or Guardians, for sixty days before the day
of sale.
Sales of personal property (except Negroes) forty
days.
Citvtions hv Clerks of the. Courts ol Ordinary, upon
application for letters of administration, must be pub
lished foi thirty days.
Citations upon application for dismission, by Exec
utors. Administrators or Guardians, monthly for six
months.
Orders of Courts of Ordinary, (accompanied with a
copy of the bond or agreement) to make titles to
land, must be published three months.
Nonces by Executors, Administrators orGtiardians.
of application to the Court of Ordinary for bate to
sell the I'lii l or negroes of an estate, four months.
Notices by Executors or Administrators, to the
debtors and creditors of an estate, for six weeks.
SHERirrs’. Clerks of Court &c. will be allowed the
usual deduction.
Il f Letters on business, must be post paid, to
entitle them to attention.
Me DOUG ALD & WATSON,
ATTORNIES AT LAW,
I ,f Columbus, Georgia
JOHN It. McFABLAN,
ATIhIRAEV AT LAVE,
Clayton, Barbour County, Alabama,
WILL practice in the coimiies <>f Henry, Bar
hour, Pike, Bussell aim Macon.
April 22 _____
~WM. RABUN SHIVERS,
attorney and counsellor at law,
COLUStEOS, 6‘a.
Will practice ftf all the cumts of the Chattahoochee
circuit, amt m the adjacent coTihtles in Alabama.
March 4 4 3m
fiqilK subscribers themselvesi li
i the prdctiSe of LAW, will attend all the
County Courts tot th’fe Chajialio‘6ch* </ircuit. aTfd the
adjoining counties of Alabama. Olfice in Mclntosh
lluw, immediately over Allen & Young’s Store.
ALFRED IVERSON,
June 14. Iftf J. M. GnERRY.
W . G . -M • DAVIS,
atToiineV a’t law,
Apalachicola, Florida.
PRACTICES in the Courts of the Middle an*
Western Districts, and tfi’e fjo'urt of Appeals
It err: its to Hon. J. S. Calhoun. John Fon
t Esq. and S. R. Bonner, Esq., Columbus
Georgia. 40-s'2t.
f MARK iHHU-misjneil will attend tnthe PRACTICE
H. OF LAW. in the name of JONF.S & BEN
DING,in most of the counties of this Circuit, and a
few of tint ad joinin': counties ol Alabama, their
Olhce will be found near the Oglethorpe House.
SEABORN JONES.
HENRY L. BENNING.
Sept. 16.1839. 33 if
Vj. 11. PLATT,
ATTiMNKY AT LAW,
ICutliVrt, Randolph County, Georgia.)
ntT'il.t, promptly attend to artv busm -ss entrusted
to his citre tit the co titles of Stewart. Mari
on Randolph, F.artv. Decatur, Bak tot. Lee, Sumter,
Macon and Ooulv,Geoigia, and Russell and Barbour
*4'Alalbath'a.
iiF.fEtiF.ti'CF.A :
Cohimbits lion. T. F. Foster and Colonel John
Banks. . j. _
Lexington!—Joseph HetVry I umpkirt,- Esq. H. P.
Hardeman', Esq'. Lewis J .Dupree and George F.
Platt.
Washington—Hon.Garnett Andrews.
Macon—tint. D. C. Campbell, Jerry Cowls. Esq.
Forsyth—Messrs Dunn & Martin
Thomastnnf —John J. Carey. Esq. T. B. Bethel.
Apalachicola, Flo'.—William G. Porter, Esq.
Charleston, S C.—William Harris.
New York. —Messrs. Collms, Ivcese & Cos.
March 11
Tift. TAYLOR
HAS removed his olfice to Preston’s Row, a few
doors East of Preston’s Corner,where he may
generally be found, unless when professionally engaged
8 Feb 9. 1 ,f
RtiftfOVAl*
DU. JNO. J. B. HOXKY, has removed his of
fice to the room over the store of T. A. Bran
non, a few doors above Tavlor and Walker’s, and
nearly opposite Col. John Banks’ Drug Store.
Jan. 12. 47 ts
C. B. BARRETT,
PRACTITIONER OF MEDICINE ANII ST'RfiERY
OFFICE at his residence, corner of Forsyth
street, two doors from Dr. S. Boykin, where
he may always bes ound unless professionally engaged
Feb. 17, 2 4t
DR. C. P. HERVEY,
ntxru surgeon,
ESP EOT FULLY announces to the citizens of
Columbus and its vicinity, that he has taken an
office on the corner of Broad and Randolph streets,
directly over the store of Mr. L. J. Davis.
Ooct. H. offers his services to the public as bemw
able, in most cases, to save entirely such decayed and
aching teeth as thev bow fear must be extracted
His success in soothing and finally saving litany valu
able teeth, in an extensive practice in many cf the
Northern and Southern cities, has been so deemed
that he invites the public to call, confident that he can,
under his skill as a Dentist, be useful to them.
He will cleanse, plug and insert teeth, either singly
or in entire sets, m a manner to be not only beautitul
and natural in their appearance, but to combineease
; n wearing with strength and durability. He will also
cure intlamation and soreness of the gums, giving them
a healthv action which will improve the breath and
taste. Hours front 9 till 1, and from 3to 6.
April 15
THE MUSCOGEE INSURANCE ( O \
A RF, now ready for the transaction ff business.—
A. Office over William A. Redd & Oo s. store.
DIRECTORS:
JON WARREN. JOHN PEABODY,
GRIGSBY E. THOMAS, THACKER B-HOWARD
E S GREENWOOD, KENITH M KINZIE.
E. S. GhU.MUKB, joHN BANKS, President.
Matt. R. Evans, Secretary.
17 2 ts
MEDICAL. .
BT SC H L V will continue the practice ol Me
ilictne, -Surge y, &c. Office a* he old stand of
Chiph-v St Sobiev.on Broad Street.
Jill v -23 1840. ___
DOCTOR SCHLEY
HVS removed his office to the buildings on Kan
dolp'i street, known as McKeen’s row.
April 29
’ ~DR R. W. WILLIAMS,
Respectfully t ui-rs i. professional
services to the citizens of Columbus and #■
For the piesi ut k , .ay be tound at Dr.
gchlev’s office. 10 4t
Columbus. Aprn 1$
THE COLUMBUS TIMES.
SYNOPSIS OF Ms. CALHOUN’S REMARKS
AT MARION ON THE 3d INST.
Mr. Callioun, upon being introducod by
Col John Erwin, said, —Gentlemen, Ido not
intend to make a speech, my object in addres
sing you, is merely to state in as brief a man
ner as possible my opinions as to tbe cause
that have lead to the present embarrassment,
—that if particularly lelt in the southern sec
tions of *ur country: VN hv is it that you,
who export from 40, to 50 million dollars
worth of cotton annually, and who have a
population of 6,000,000, and hall of which is
slave properly, —you who export one liall'the
products that leave the shores of our country,
are thus embarrassed ? It is in some degree,
caused by the workings of the Tariff, it com
pels you to pay lor that you did not receive;
under it one por’ion of the people bear the
burden of taxation, while another )>ortion are
in a great measure exempt from it—it may
be illustrated bv this simple process, there
are (pointing to a table before him) a number
of waters in this box, say thateach wafer rep
resents a dol ar, there are uine persons seated
around the table each of whom agree to place
a water, (which represents a dollar) in a pub
ic I'tmd for the benefit of all; the five who
constitute a majority of ihft whole, say “ we
will appropriate this money for the public ben
efit,” they accordingly vote down the lour
and use the money to build rail roads, canals
&,c; this process goes on to the end of the year,
each ntay then ask I lie other “ how much have
you ol the taxes that have been paid into the
treasury,” one will answer nothing, another
nothing, until it goes round, to the last man
who may have been be tie (i tied by tbe dis
bursement. Thus you see my friends by this
simple illustration, how one person may be
benefitied by an unequal system, while the
great mass will be injured ; and this is exact
ly the manner in which the tariff'works—a.
system that compels you to pay 252 1-2 of the
45 millions of government revenue, this is one
of the Causes that has assisted in producing
the present state of things; to remove this evil,
Congress must lay an export duty on produce
and abandon tbe prestnt system, a system
that oppresses you for the benefit of others.—
If lh6 south had a custom house of her own,
a great portion ol’ this unjust tax would be
saved to her; her imports are now received
through a Channel that adds toil an addilion
al burden.
In respect to a National Bank, there are
not where I live, one man in five who would
vole for it it'the question Were placed direct
ly before him, unless ft Werb located at the
south. But is thesouth prepared to be flood
ed with paper money, that would be intrinsi
cally worth nothing/in p'ayfneftt for her great
staple, cotton? HnW is it,'vVhileyour $105,-
000,000 of cotton cannot perform one of the
functions necessary for money, that paper
which has no intrinsic value, is received in
payment lor that great staple j this paper
money which is received as an equivalent lor
that great staple; this paper money which is
received as an equivalent lor your products,-
and which has usurped the place ol gold and
silver, is another of the causes that has led to
the present distress. Originally there were
but three Banks in the country, one at New
York, one at Philadelphia, and one at Boston,
—Alexander Hamilton, in direct violation ol
a positi'.’ law, iceeived the notes of these
Banks in payment of duties; do you not see
how this operated on the south? The New
York/ Philadelphia, and Boston nieichants,
win) had Bank facilities could pay their impott
duties in the paper ofa Bank while the south
ern hYefclVaiits had to pay in gold or silver.—
The north now get vour money by taxation,
they gel it by distribution, and they would
get it through a Bank, by which they would
be beiieffttetf, hr the manner before spoken of;
the live would vote down the lour, and we
would be compelled to submit to it. Every
bale of cotton you make Weighing 500
pounds,* Wobld be Virtually in tne absence of
all Banks, a bill of exchange for $45, and
would command the premium you are com
pelled to pay upon paper ; are you aware how
much of this $45 is absttacted out of your
poCkets by these various schemes, without
your being one dollar better by it?
Col Joint Erwin here rose and remarked,
that he felt assured Mr. Calhoun would an
swer with pleasure, and interrogatories, hav
ing relation to the important questions ol pol
icy that are now before the Country, and that
atFeci us all more or less in our various pur
suits.
The question was then asked, “ what would
produce relit! to the country.”
Mr Calhoun replied, your only rdief is in
the great staple of your country, cotton.
Here lie was rtquested to state while on
that subject, the principal causes that led to
the present einbai rassment, and whether lie
thought a National Bunk would relieve the
eountnl.
Mr. Calhoun. —The only way to get out
of debt and relieve youselves from your pres
ent difficulties is by paying it. The whole
couulry is burdened with debt and it must be
paid ; the south is the great field from where
the money must come, to pay this debt. The
west bring to your maikels, horses mules, and
hogs—the east imports annually info your
markets !*>20,0U0,000 worth of merchandize
—your cottou, your tobacco and rice, must
pay ibis tremendous debt, to do this you must
exercise industiy, frugality and econniy, a
general forbearance should he exrcised by all
interested ; Alabama and Mississippi are per
haps, as much in need of this forbearance as
any other States in the Union. If this course
is (pursued and quackery is not substitute !
for proper legislation, at the end of two years
from this time the country will be in as heal
ihv and prosperous a condition as it ever was.
If I am not mistaken the south has as fair
a prospect before her as she ever had, the
disease is not deeply seated, the patient is
young, and all he wants is rest; medicine at
this crisis will only tend to reduce him still fur
ther; of all quackery, in my opinion, quack
ery in legislation in the worst.
in answer to the second query, I would say
a United States Bank cannot relieve the em
barrassment under which the country is labor
ing; men who have the most political influ
ence would have the entire control ot such an
institution , it would draw the specie necessa
ry tor its capital from every section of the
country, it would cause capital from every sec
tion of the country, it would cause a continu
al process ol’ drawing from your cisterns, to
fill the principal cistern, which would be loca
at New York or I*l* ladelphia. lam therefore
of opinion, that no good to the country can
grow out of a United States Bank, nn the con
trary, I believe if there was not a paper dol
lar in the United Stales, we would be bene
fitted by it; property would not have that fic
titious value, that paper gives to it, you would
then sell your produce for what it is intrinsi
cally worth —gold and silver. The facility,
with which paper money can be made, leads
to speculation and ends in commercial revul
sions, such as we have recently witnessed.—
1 would here state however, that I do not be
lieve anv power exists in the country, by
which paper money could be entirely abol
ished. . ,
The Tariff of 1822, drew out of the avails
of the industry of the south, thirty-five of the
sixty-four millions ol dollars, which were pakf
into the treasury, when the aclul wants ol
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 20, 1841.
the govet nitjeut dtd not require ten millions,
and how did this operate? Why, it was
taking from the side of the lour and placing
to the credit of the five in the vaults of a Bank
the revenue of the country; they borrowed ti
from the Bank, and at this crisis every thing
but the goverment lands were advancing in
price* they were fixed at $1,25 per acre and
could not advance. This sixty-four million
of revenue, enabled the five who had Bank
facilities to speculate in public lands, while
the four, or the minority who paid a large
share of the revenue, could not obtain one
dollar of it. Tha system of taking money
from the pockets of the four and placing it in
the United States Bank, where it could be
obtained by the five and used lor purposes of
speculation, went on until it had created Bank
capital to the amount of forty millions of dol
lars ; and if it had not been stopped in lime,
every acre of our public domain would have
gone into the possession of speculators, and all
that you would have had lor it, would have
been dollars. It is proper for me to say, that
I believe the same results would have taken
place had the deposites remained in the U.
States Bank. I have been a close observer
ofthisspstem tor 14 years and I was almost
as well acquainted with its workings at that
early day us lam now. I saw the evils that
would inevitably result to the country from it,
and I felt it to be my duty to resist it. The
system is now prostrate and 1 hope it may
never be received.
We have now no funded debt, no connec
tion with Banks, no Tariff to protect the in
dustry of one section of the country by taxing
another; and the question now is, whether or
not, a system is tc be revived that will again
prostrate the country.
Mr. Calhoun was here asked to explain the
manner in which the Sub-Treasury operates.
Mr. Calhoun.—The Independent Treasury
is nothing more nor less than the separation
of the banks from the government; it requires
that duties shall be paid in gold and silver, and
officers are appointed by the government to
carry out its provisions. Instead of placing
the public treasury nearer the President titan
it is in the vaults of a bank, it actually removes
it further from him: it is necesssary, before
one dollar can be drawn out, that a process
must be gone through, in which some five or
six officers each take a part, and the law
makes a violation of duty on their part a Peni
tentiary offence, while on the other hand, if
the revenue were deposited in a bank, it would
be subject to the control of the President and
his dependants, and those who had sufficient
political influence to obtain a charter for it.—
The matter is so plain that 1 deem further
explanation unnecessary.
Money Article of the New Yory Her
ald on a National Bank. —“As the period
approaches for the extra session of Congress,
the leading points of national debate are in
creasing m interest. The question of a Na
tional Bank will cause much excitement from
the desperation and violent struggles of those
wfio hope to benefit by it. It is undoubtedly
true, however, that the opponents of a Bank are
rapidly and daily increasing in numbers. The
anti-Bank feeling among commercial men was
never S6 strong and so general as now. It lias
become evident to all those who are desirous
of a uniform and steady currency, that the
creation of a National Bank is not the way to
attain to it; on the contrary, it will infinitely
increase the difficulty of attaining it. Indi
vidual enterprise and competition on a specie
basis are by far the best regulators of the ex
changes. An infinite deal of absurdity has
been published by the advocates of a National
Bank. It has been gravely advanced by the
organ of a Bank clique,’ that the National Bank
is to operate as a regulator of exchange, Lv be
ing itself regulated by the exchanges, w hich
are to be governed by the extent of the real
business of the country; that the Bank is to
be governed by the rate’ of bills at each point,
and not to make it. A bank with an overshad
owing capital is to come into market and mo
nopolize the whole exchange business, which
is to give it the reins f Government over all
other banks, and then pretend that it does not
make the rate. If the bank creates the mar
’ket, and is the only buyer and seller, of whom
is it to ascertain the rate ! The experience of
the past ten years has proved tliac the amount
of exchange business growing out of the real
business of the country, depends altogether
upon the action of the monopolizing bank.—
It 1,000,000 bbls. of flour are shipped from O
hio, thereby, at $5, furnishing a basis for $5,-
000,000 of exchange, this amount will be taken
by the branch of the bank as the real business
of the country. If, by the operation of the
mother bank and its co-operating branches,
prices are raised violently, as they were by
the United States Bank from 1830 to 1834 *
the flour becomes worth $lO per barrel, and
there is predicated upon it $10,000,000 of ex
change, growing out of the real business of the
country. Prices of goods sent into the interi
or undergo a similar inflation, and the ex
changes are still equal until the increased pri
ces, as formerly, get above the control of the
bank, foreign exchanges become suddenly af
fected,’ and specie goes abroad, involving the
■whole in bankruptcy. There is now more
bank capital in existence than can be employ
ed profitably. If more is created, it must mo
nopolize and wind up a large proportion of that
which already exists. This, in respect to ma
ny of the States, will involve bankruptcy, State
liability, and taxation, with its numerous train
of evils. The struggles of the new bank for
existence must involve the ruin of many oth
ers, which, in their turn must oppress dealers
and merchants.
From the LotrJoti Court Journal of April.
Fashions fo;i the ensuing Week—Di
rect from Pauis. —The change of fashions so
looked torward to form the fete ofLongchamps
has not been so remarkable as might have
been anticipated, in consequence of the inclem
ency of the weather; indeed, many of our lair
cleganteesslillkeepto their winter habiliments;
vve may mention, however, that the reign of
scarts is entirely established, whether it be lor
the promenade or for the evening dress, the
only difference being in their texture. For the
former they are pollute desoie, both black and
colored, and of the latter, of light gauze or
blonde. There is a great degree of uniformi
ty in the present fashion: the hat, the dress,
the scarf are all velvet, and of the same shade.
Several of the dresses are ornamented with
brandenbomgs, or rows of buttons, with gimp
trimming crossing from one row to another,
forming a sort of ladder over the bust, and
sometimes going down the skirt. The corsa
ges are still worn flat, and the sleeves remain
much the same as they have been for the last
two or three months. For evening dress, the
corsage is made pointed and very long. The
upper part is ornamented with folds, and the
sleeves, which are very short, have engage
antees, which fall below the elbow. For vis
iting dress, pink leaventine is much in vogue,
the bottom trimmed with three tucks, bound
with fringe; over the neck, a scarf of the
same. Rose color veloursepingle is also much
worn in dress. For full dress, skirls of tulle
illusion are also worn, trimmed with an em
broidery of chenille in colors. The same or
nament is placed on corsage and sleeves.
Virginia has furnished seven Presidents of
the United State*!
THE UNIOX OF THE STATES, AXD THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.
From Kendall’s Expositor.
A SHORT SERMON.
Text.— Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy
work.— Exodus xx, 9.
My Fellow-Men : This is the command of
God ! It is a part of the fourth command
ment in the moral code given by God through
Moses. In the Bible, the whole command
ment reads thus:
“ Verse 8. Remember the Sabbath Day to
keep it holy.
“9. Six days shall thou labor and do all thy
icork.
“ 10. But the seventh is the Sabbath of the
Lord thy God ; in it thou shall not do any
work, thou nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy
man servant, nor thy maid servant, nor thy
cattle, nor the stranger that is within thy
gates;
“11. For in six days the Lord made heaven
and earth, the sea, and all that in them is,
and resied on the seventh day; wherefore
the Lord blessed the Sabbath Day and hal
lowed it.”
By the preaching you generally bear, you
may have been led to suppose that this com
mandment makes but a single requisition upon
you, and that is, to “ remember the Sabbath
Day and keep it holy.” But a little attention
to the language of commandment must satisfy
you, that in effect, it is a double command
ment. It commands you to work six days,
just as imperatively as to rest on the seventh.
Look at it;
“3. Remember the Sabbath Day to keep it
holy.
“9. Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy
work.”
How can a command be given in more
plain and imperative language? “Six days
shalt thou labor,” not six days mayest labor—
not six days mayest tnou spend in idleness
and waste of thy time in unproductive folly.
Six days SHALT thou labor lbr the good of
thyseif, thy iamily, thy country, and thy race:
I exact from thee only one day out of seven,
but I command thee to labor the other six for
the subsistence, the oomlort, and the happi
ness of mankind.
That this is the meaning of the text is clear,
not only from its language, but from its his
tory. God himself worked six days befoie be
rested one. “ For in six days the Lord made
the heaven and the earth, the sea, and all that
in them is, and rested on the seventh.” The
commandment is founded on this exemple set
by the Creator himself. The first part of that
example is SIX DAYS LABOR ; the rest on
the seventh teas but a consequence. He com
mands man, therefore, to do precisely vvhat lie
did liimself—WOßK SIX DAYS AND
REST ON THE SEVENTH.
Long before this commandment was given,
man was doomed to labor, as a part ol the
penalty for his first transgression. “In the
sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread,” said
God to Adam, Genesis v, 19, “ till thou return
unto the ground.” And St. Paul said, long
afterwards, 2 Thessa lonia ns, iii, 10, —“ This
we command you, that if any would not work,
neither should he eat.”
Thus we find that man is DOOMED to
work; Rat he is Commanded to work; and
that he ought to have nothing to eat if he
WILL NOT work.
“In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat
bread,” said God to Adam.
“ Six days shall thou labor and do all thy
work,” said God io Moses.
“He that will not work, neither should be
eat,” said Paul to the Tliessalonians.
Our country is not wanting in preachers
of Rest; but where are our preachers of
Work? How many sermons have we upon
man’s duty to rest on the seventh day, but
how few oil his duly to work on the other six!
Yet, it may well be doubted, whether more
moral eviis do not flow from breaches of the
working part of this commandment than tiie
resting part. Nav, do not gospel preachers
themselves promote disobedience when they
lead off men and women during the six days
from their ordinary occcupalions befoie they
have “done all iheir work ?” “ Six days shad
ti.ou labor and DO ALL THY WORK.”
There can be no escape from this command
until all the work be done ; and he who ad
vises man or woman to leave his work undone,
even for purposes most praiseworthy under
other circumstances* counsels him io disobey
a direct command of ihe Almighty.
But the evils arising from a breach of the
commandment under such circumstances, are
but an atom compared with those which
spring from the efforts of men to live ivithout
work.
Man is doomed and commanded to WORK.
The world is filled with misery, violence, and
crime, by perpetual efforts to escape his doom
in definace of the command! Y\ ould every
man he Content to labor six days in Seven,
how much better would be his health, how
much more happy his family, how much more
prosperous his country! For attempting to
escape his doom, and lor bidding definance to
the command ol the Almighty, he is cursed in
his health, cursed in his family, and cursed in
the troubles of his country. Did the evils fall
upon the individual transgressor only, they
Would not be so much to be deplored ; but it
is necessary for those who live without work
to get their subsistanee out of the labor of
others. Humble and honest men, who cheer
fully submitting to the doom ol lLeir race and
obeying the command, are content to work in
their various avocations upon the land and
the sea six days in the week, are grievously
taxed to feed the rebels against God'S authori
ty who refuse to work. Grievous impositions
are practised upon the true and obedient
children of the Almighty in as many ways as
th e first great Rebel can invent. One puis a
crown on his head and tells them lie is author
ized by God to dispose o 1 their property, la
bor and lives, according to his own will. He
takes their substance to feed and clothe him
self aft'd family, his officers and armies; he
compels them to sacrifice their lives in eon
quest or plunder of oilier countries lor the
gratification ot his vengeance, ambition, or
avarice. Others deck their heads with tiaras,
coronets and stars, and make the people work
to keep them bright and feed and enrich the
haughty wearers. As the mass of mankind
advance in knowledge, it becomes necessary
to disguise under ingenious contrivances the
process by which the products ol their labor
are taken from them for the support and
emolument of those who reluse to work.—
The blasphemy of claiming a right to govern
*■ by the grace of God,” is no longer heard ,
but still the world has monarchs “who can
do no wrong.” One of these goes to war;
the public “honor” and “safety” require that
he shall have money to carry it on. Perhaps,
not being able or willing to raise enough by
taxation, lie borrows a thousand millions of
dollars, and then the “Public Faith” requires
that the interest and principal shall be paid.
If fte borrows so much that payment of the
principal becomes hopeless, vet, “Public
Faith,” taking the place of the “ JLvine right
of Kings,” from generation to generation
slaves the families of those who obey heaven's
command to icork six days in the seven, tor the
support of those who will not work at all !
\Ve will not follow this chain of reasoning,
lest we should seem to tread on what may be
considered “ holy ground ßut we beg our
readers to consider, how much better would
have been the condition of our own country
if all our people had beeti content to obey the
command—“ Six days shalt thou labor and Jo
all thy work,” instead of resorting to so many
exped t ins to live ivithout work 7 How many
have lost all they lad and made themselves
and families miserable through life by specu
lations entered into for the purpose of enabling
them to live in idleness? What but this has
caused the public distress of which tve hear so
much ? What else lias almost banished punc
tuality and moral honesty from the transac
tions of individuals aqd corporations? What
else lias created such bitter strife between man
and man, and generated the agitation, profli
gacy, and crime which now stalk abroad in
the land?
Does any suppose that human legislation
can cure the evils produced by a violation of
God's commands 7 Vain expectation! If suc
cessful in putting bread into the months of
those icho will not work, human law-makers
ca n effect it only by taking it out of the mouths
of those who do. It would be relieving those
who set at nought the laws of nature and of
God, at tiie expense of the humble and honest
men who yield them a practical obedience.—
There is a better and more just mode of relief.
It is FUTURE OBEDIENCE TO God’s COMMANDS.
Let every man hereafter, instead of applying
to the Legislature of his State or to Congress
for relief, labor six days in the week, and do
all his work! Misery will vanish like the
mists of the morning, and complaint will no
more he heard in the land.
Let the Legislatures and Congress, when
asked to put bread into the mouth of idle
ness, say to the petitioners as St. Paul did to
the Tliessalonians, first epistle, i, 11, 12:
“11. And that ve studv io he quiet, and to
WORK WITH YOUR OWN HANDS, as
we commanded you.
“12. That ye may walk honestly towards
them that are without, and that ye may have
lack for nothing.”
And again, in his second epistle, iii, 10, 11.
“10. For even when we were with you,
this we commanded you, that if any would
not work, neither should he eat.
“11. For we hear that there are some
which walk among you disorderly, working
not at all , but are busy bodies.”
And let the preachers of the gospel be ad
vised to orive more attention in their preaching
to the DOCTRINE OF WORK. i hey
mav assured, that one of the best ways io per
suade men to rest on the seventh day, is to
induce them to icork the other six. Let them
impress on their hearers their obligation to
keep the commandment as a whole. It is a
double cordi and they cannot divide it without
weakening its binding power and salutary
effects.
Mr. Lippencott’s Letter. —This letter
opens to us some more of the secrets of the
Bank. What he says of the manner of get
ting up reports of Committees is worthy of
deep consideration. At the termination of
each half year a Committee was appointed to
look into the condition of the Bank and report
what profits had been earned and what divi
dend ought to be made from those profits.—
The reports of these Committees have always
been considered by the public as documents
of great importance. They have certified the
condition of the Bank and the oharactei of its
business. Upon their credit the slock lias
been bought and sold, —lias risen or declined.
All persons having interest in the Bankinany
way, have felt secure if only the report of tiie
dividend Committee was favo.able. The
Committees well knew how great interests
were trusted to these reports,'and how neces
sary it is to the security of property and main
tenance of good faith, that they should be
certainly and exactly true. What did these
Committees, under responsibilities so weighty?
According to Mr. Lippencott they Certified a
statement drawn up handsomely by a clerk,
the Committee going into no investigation and
knowing absolutely nothing at all, whether
the statements which they certified were true
or false. More than this, the circumstances
known to the Committees must many times
have left a strong suspicion on their minds
that the document was false. What confi
dence can the public put in Bank reports after
this; and what confidence in names of great
respectability, if such names are so affixed?
We need not stop to pronounce condemnation
on Mr. Bidilie. His character is sinking to
the lowest point. Mr. Lippencoit is respect
able enough to be told that the expression,
“If I have inadvertently committed an error
here,” is not the confession which the public
think an honorable man ought to make under
such circumstances.
The announcement that the vouchers for
the $618,000 were destroyed, shows a degree
of villainy which we hardly expected. What
deeds of crime were recorded in these vouch
ers, that their destruction would screen the
perpetrators? Whose names were written
on those vouchers? Are they names high in
office and influence? Certainly we have a
right and are obliged to infer, that the very
worst use was made of this money. Did it
all go the way of the $52,000, and to purchase
men whose names cannot be mentioned?—
The public have a deep interest in this matter,
whether they own bank shares or not; and
certainly the stockholders ought not to rest
until they know where that large sum went
to. The clerk who kept the vouchers, prob
ably know-; and it cannot be difficult to learn
at least the outlines of the matter.—N. Y.
Journal ol Commerce.
Yankee mode or testing courage.— lt is
well known that in the time ol the old French
war much jealousy existed between the Brit
ish and provincial officers. A British Major
deeming himself insulted by General (then
captain) Putnam; sent him? a challenge. Put
nam, instead of giving him a direct answer,
requested the pleasure of a personal interview
with the Major. lie came to Putnam’s tent,
and found him seated on a small keg, quietly
smoking his pipe, and demanded what com
munication, if any, Putnam had to make. -
“Whit you know,” said Putnam, “I’m but a
poor miserable Yankee, that never fired a pis
tol in my life, and you must perceive that it
we fire with pistols you have an undue advan
tage of me. Here ‘are two powder kegs, 1
have bored a hole; and inserted a slow match
in each, if you will be so good as to seat your
self there,'i will light the matches, and he who
dares to sit the longest without squirming,
shall be called the bravest fellow.” The tent
was full of officers and men, who were heartily
tickled with the strange device of the “ old
wolf,” and compelled the major by their laugh
ter and exhortation to squat. Ti.e signal was
given, and the matches lighted. Putnam con
tinued smoking quite indifferently, without
watching at all the progressive diminution of
the matches—but the British officer, tliough a
brave fellow, coukl not help casting longing
and lingering looks downwards, and h;s terrors
increased as tire length of the matches dimin
ished. The spectators withdrew, one by one,
to get out of the expected explosion. At
length, the fire was within an inch of the keg,
the major, unable to remain longer, jumped up,
and drawing out bis match, cried out, “Putnam
this is wilful murder ; draw out your match ;
I yield.” “My dear fellow,” cried Putnam,
“don’t be in such a hurry, they’r nothing but
kegs of onions !” The Major was suddenly
missing, having sneaked off.
A NATIONAL B \NK.
The advocates of a National Bank contend
for theest iblishntenl of such an institution, on
three grounds of necessity—lst, as a fiscal
agent to government; 2d, as a regulator to
the currency, and 3J,as an engine lor equal
ising the exchanges; and they appeal to ex
perience to prove that these great functions ot
a bank, have been perlbinted well by a na
tional bank, atul only so when such an i isti
union was in existence.
The opponents of a hank take up the issue
as presented, and also appeal to experience to
prove that a bank has not performed, is in its
nature incompetent to peiform these functions
and duties of an equalizer of exchanges or a
regulator of the currency, and is not necessa
ry as a fiscal agent to the government. ‘Of
thesl yeajs of our national existence,” says
the New York Review, ‘ 40 have beet) passtd
will) a national bank, and 12 without one;
viz: two previous to the establishment of the
first U. S. Bank, from the 4tl of March, 1789,
to same date, 1791; and interval, secondly,of
5 years from the termination of the first char
ter 4th March, 1811, to the 10th April, 1818,
and lastly, a period also of five years, from the
10th April IS3G and the termination of the
late charter, to the present time.” From the
condition of the currency and exchanges at
these different periods, the writer in the Re
view serves up a complete argument drawn
from experience in a national bank.
The New York Evening Post has ably re
plied to the argument, of winch we now
svail ourselves, as it is the argument of nearly
all the friends of a bank in the southern
States.
The old bank of North Amenta went into
operation in the winter of 1782. The whole
amount of capital paid in, according to Robt.
Morris, was §70,000- “All the assistance it
rendered to the government,” says the Post,
“could have been given by any State bank
with equal privileges, while upon the commu
nity it produced the usual effects of banking.
Before the middle of 1785, it had Caused
a great profusion of money, followed by a
corresponding scarcity, a few were made rich,
but many were made poor; and unceasing
fluctuations, usury, speculation, depression and
extensive bankruptcy came fast in its train.
So apparent and so great were these evils,
that in less than four years from the time the
bank commenced business, petitions were sent
about to procure a repeal of its charter. A
committee ofCongress investigated the abuse,
and Congress itself, by a solemn act in Sep
tember of 1785, sustained the charges of the
petitioners and decreed that the bank should
no longer exist. Such is the teaching of ‘ex
perience 5 on the first ht?ad.
The next bank was the bank of the United
States, created in 1791. That it was of some
service at tlfe lime might be admitted, but it
is not true, as the reviewer states, that its his
tory is one of unqualified benefit. The
vices inseparable front the existence of such
an institution displayed themselves throughout
its whole career, ft 1 failed’ in Controlling the
local banks, which sprung up like musbroohs
in all parts of the country, and indulged in
the same practice of alternate expansion and
contraction which has so disastrously marked
their more recent course. It tailed m provid
ing a uniform and adequate currency, for in
many states, particularly at the east, the cur
rency was debased and Worthless, h. lailed’
in equalizing the exchanges, since the ex
changes at several periods were as high as
they have been at any one time since. There
were fluctuations then as there are now, fluc
tuations in currenCy, and fluctuations in prices.
There were embarrassments in trade then, as
there are now, embarrassments extending to
all kinds of commercial enterprises, and even
to the affairs of the bhnft itself. There were
speculations and bankruptcies then, as there
are now, nt many instances aggravated by the
unwise policy of the banks. No stronger
proof could be required that the bank failed
to have a beneficial effect upon the currency,
than the neglect of its friends to recognize
that effect in their arguments put forth during
the existence of the bank. Indeed it is a re
markable fact that in all the discussions of that
day, ils pretentions as “a regulator,” (the
great point of its present advocates,) wete
scarcely ot ce mentioned.
Neither in the speeches or reports of its
friends or its enemies is it treated in that ca
pacity. The whole contest turned upon ils
necessity as a fiscal agent. This was the bur
den of Hamiltoti’s great report; it was the
burden of the popular speeches, of the news
paper essays; Gallatin when Secretary of the
Treasury, confined bis praises to its uses in
assisting the government, and-in rite long and
discursive debate that look place in Congress
on the repeal of ils charier in I'BlT, hardly a
syllable was breathed, gti we can find, in re
gard to ragulating the currency or equalizing
the exchanges. When the'constituti naliiy
of the bank wa'S denied how was it defended?
By the clause that gives Congress the power
to regulate commerce —upon the grounds that
Mr. Webster and the friends of the bank as
sume now—by urging its functions as a regu
lator of the currency ? Not at all. Hamilton
lias but two or three sentences on those heads;
Gallatin has none; only a few of the speakers
in Congress touched upon them, and tha I only
iucidently. A bank then was estimated as an
appendage to the Treasury. In tins charac
ter, in the outset, it was shoved through Con
gress, and in this character mainly, it was
defeated. Now, had the bank been of suCh
vast benefit to the country as its present
friends allege, would its friends at that day
who seem to ransack the earth for arguments
in its Support,' lirfve failed to insist upon the
point? Would they not have shown these
advantages ? w mild they not have appealed]
to their own experience, and given “oecular
demonstration” of so important a quality.
The truth is, that the whole doctrine about
regulatiag currency, is an after-thought. In
troduced by the late United States Bank, when
its monstrous ambition to controll all the do
mestic exchanges of the na lion, had made it
convenient.
Here the ‘history’ of the reviewer, Very
wisely for himself, slops; hut our history has
some knowledge of another national bank, fi
is of that late bank which was heid up by its
admirers as a model of all that was excel!’ m
in banking. What has our experience of it
taught ?
It began in January of 1317. Although a
nominal resumption of specie payments was
made by the banks, in the February following,
the currency was very much extended. The
extension was greatly increased by the bank,
which forced its own notes into circulation
with unprecedented rapidity and encouraged
enormous issues on the part of the local banks.
When the excess had produced a vast expor
tation of specie, it sought to bring it back, not
by reducing the currency, hut by forcing im
portations. In July of *BIB, when its circu
lafion amounted to nine, and its loans to forty
millions, a revulsion commenced. Its embar
rassment continued to increase; and in 1819,
we are told bv Mr. Cheves, who was then ap
pointed President, it was hourly expected to
stop payment. But by a rigid contraction it
saved itself at the expense of the community.
A complete prostration of business and pri
ces was the result: and scenes of unexampled
VOL. i. no. M
suite-ring and distress marked this, its first at
. tempi “to regulate the currency.”
Another specimen of its regulating powers,
was given in the fall of 1825, when, according
to the testimony of Mr. Biddle before the
Committee of Congress, the nation and it
were saved from ruin “by his hurrying to New
\ ork, and prevailing on a gentleman to accept
certain drafts.” The source of this national
peril may be seen in the fact, that in two
.yeas ] revious to July of fS2S, the circulating’
ot the bank had increased more than 105 per
cent, and during the six months previous
mope than 65 per cent.
In the beginning of 182S there was another
commercial revulsion, arising from disorders
of the currency, which the bank, su far Irom
preventing, aided in aggravating.
The deposites were removed in 1533, and
in 1834 there was S’ universal panic, which
the hank did nothing to allay,’but fliutfh ttfin-’
flame.
During the year 1834 (lie bank enlarged its
circulation about 34 per cent, and the unpar
alleled distresses of 1835-0, were the Conse
quences. _ ,
We thus .find an institution, whose chief
merit is said to consist in its power of regula
ting the currency, itself both the cause°and
victim ol perpetual fluctuations. Twice du
ring the period of its” highest vigor, it has
been on the point of failure i repeatedly has
it been reduced to the most degrading shifts
to sustain its credit; commercial Crisis have
followed upon the heels of each other in quick
succession; instead of restraining, it has ever
encouraged other banks in their wildest ad
ventures; and its whole jiistorv is a proof of
its complete and inevitable subjection to the
same influence, that make other banking insti
tutions the curse of the nation.
1 he following picture of the present condi
tion of the once beautiful and flourishing Isl
and ot St. Domingo is turnished in a letter
from a French naval officer r
“ We embarked on board thefrigage Ne
reide, on the 24th December. On the 28th
we arri\ed at Port Royal, to receive orders
from the Admiral who despatched us on the
29th to St. Domingo, where we were to take
on board the five million of francs which the
Consul General had informed us were ready.
We have been three days at anchor in this
famous republic, and all that I can say to you
of the misery of the people,’ will scarcely suf
fice to give you an idea of it.
“ 1 h ave been every where, and every where
have seen nothing but degradation and cor
ruption. Men in rags compose the army and
exhtbit a most ludicrous masquerade. Caval
ry on foot, manoeuvre like horses at the word
ot t otnmand, trot, gallop, &,c. Both officers
and soldiers are without shoes ; one has spurs
tied by a cord to his naked feet, another has
made himself spurs with a piece of iron drove
into a wooden sole tied to his foot, and ono
whole company which I inspected minutely,
had not a single musket which would go off.
‘Fite officers in rag's ask charity.
“ Islothtulness, poverty in its most hideous
forms, and,’ in the negro,’ it is most hideous—-
alone meet your eye at the town of Port au
Prince. Ihe fields are overrun by brambles,
logwood trees, and the rapacious lichens which
obstruct .the roads and destroy the old planta
tions. \\ ith the exceptions of a few gardens
which are here and there cultivated by the
negroes—gardens lar inferior to those of our
worst slaves—there is no cultivation what
ever.
1 lie only product of the island is coffeej
and that every year diminishes so materially,
that the time is not far distant when it will
produce none at all; No more is planted, and
the old plantations are not even taken care oh
1 he owners gather the crops from their own
fields, in the midst of briars and Weeds—no
laborers being to be had, the one not being
willing to work for the other.”
United States Bank—The late PhiJadel
pma papers contain the proceedings of the ad
journed meeting of the stockholders of the
Bank of the United States on the 4th inst.
i lie committee appointed at the previous
meeting reported that they were not able to
propose any definite plait of operation, and sta
ted that they would endeavor to be ready at
another adjourned meeting on the 18th inst—
Anangeinents had been made to secure the
city banks for the amount of post notes held
by them. 1 Ins course was severely censured
by some of the speakers. Messrs. Eyre and
Lippmcott presented reports in reply tp Mr.
Biddle, which were read, but no action was
had upon them. Ihe reply of Mr. JLippincott
w ill be found in another column of this papers
Can Mr. Biddle answer in a satisfactory man
ner the additional light thrown upon the sub
ject by Mr. Lippincott.
Our readers cannot fail to contrast the style
of Mr. Lippmeotfs letter with that of Mr. Bid
dle’s ; the plain, unvarnished statements of the
one, with the ingenious sophistical, atid unsup
ported allegations of the other. Mr. Lippin
cott’s defence reems to flow from a conscien
tious belief in the rectitude of his official conJ
duct; Mr. Biddle’s defence and attack appear
to have originated in the belief that his was in
deed a bad cause,- and it required all the tal
ents arid ingenuity he possessed to defend it*
—Constitutionalist.
A young lady having borrowed a diction
ary, was asked upon returning it, how she
liked it. She replied, “ The words are truly*
beautiful—but 1 don’t think touch of the
story.”
“ A munificent providence has made ample
provision for the whole human family, Bntthe
unequal and unjust distribution of his bounties
by his children, make countless thousands
mourn.”—Governor Morton.
It is a very pleasant thing to possess the
good will and respect of the world about you j
but it is infinitely better to possess that inward
consciousness of rectilude and honor which
can carry the soul through a furnace seven
times heated in the fires of adversity and sor
row.
Sunset. —Beautiful is the dying of the great
sun; when the last song of the birds fades
into the lap of silence ; when the islands of the
clouds are bathed in light, and the fust star
springs up over the grave of day.”
Good Advice. —Obey the voice of those
who love; be affectionate to flume who beg
you with tears to forsake every false way, and
be willing to yield the feeling of your hearts
to the control of no bad passion, but to the dic
tates of prudence and wisdom and depend up
on it you will be blest through all the days of
your life, and peace and happiness will crown
them at their close.
I NDUSTRy.— lndustry prolongs life. It can
not conquer death, but can defer his hour; —
and spreads over the the interval a thousand
enjoyments that make it a pleasure to live.—
As rust anddecay rapidly consume the machine
that is not kept in use ; so disease and sick
ness accumulated on the frame of indolence,
until existence becomes a burden and the.
grave a bed of rest.