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BY JAMES VAN NESS.
PUBLISHED
Every Thursday morning, in the “Granite
Building,” on the corner of Oglethorpe and
Randolph Streets.
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ment is not made before trie expiration of the year.
No subscription received for less than twelve months
without payment in advance, and no paper discon
tinued, except at the option of the Editor, until all
arrearages are paid.
Advertisements conspicuously inserted est nfie dol*
lar per one hundred words, or icss, for the first in*
sertion, and fifty cents for every subsequent contin
uance* Those sent without a specification of the
number of insertions, will be published until ordered
out, and charged accordingly.
2. Yearly Advertisements. —For over 24 anJ
not exceeding 3J lines, fifty dollars per annum ; for
over 12 and not exceeding 24 lines, thirty-five dol
lars per annum ; lor less than 12 l*nts, twenty dol
lars per annum.
2. All rule and figure work double the above prices,
Legal Advertisements published at the usual
rates, and with strict attention to the requisitions of
the law.
AllSai.es regulated by law, must be made before
the court house door, between the hours of 10 in the
morning and four in the evening—those of land in
the county where it is situate ; those of personal
property, where the letters testamentary, of adniin
istration or of gu irdiansipp were obtained—ami are
requited to be previously advertised in some public
gazette, as follows:
Biiemrr*’ Sales under regular executions for thir
ty days ; tinder mortgage fi fas sixty days, before
the day of sale.
Bales of land and negroes, by Executors, Adminis
trators or Guardians, for sixty days before the day
of sale.
Bales of personal property (except Negroes) forty
days.
Citations by Clerks of the Courfs ol Ordinary, upon
application for letters of administration, must be pub- !
lishud foi thirty days.
Citations upon application for dismission, by F.xec
ntors, Administrators or Guardians, monthly fur six
months.
Orders of Courts of Ordinary, (accompanied with a
copy of the bond or agreement) to make titles to
laud, must be published three months.
No rices by Executors, Administrators or Guardians,
of application to the Court of Ordinary for leave to
sell the land or negroes of hii estate, four months.
Notices by Kxeeutors or Administrators, to tin
debtors and creditors of an estate, for six weeks.
tiHXßirri', Clerks ofCourt &c. will be allowed the
usual deduction.
U” Letters on business, must be jiost paid, to
entitle them to attention.
JOHN It. Me FAR LAN,
attorney at law,
Clayton, Barbour County, Alabama,
WILL practice in the counties of Henry, Bar
bour, Pike UiiKsutl ana Macon.
April it 11 ts
\VM RABUN SHIVERS,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW,
COLUMBUS, OA.
Will practice in all the courts of the Chattahoochee
• ireuii, amt m the adjacent counties in Alabama.
March 4 4 3m
subscribers having connected themselves i r ‘
JL the practice of LAW, will attend all lit*
Conutv Courts of the Chattahoochee Circuit, and the
adjoining counties of Alabama. Office in Mclntosh
Row, immediately over Allen & Young's Store.
ALFRED IVERSON,
JnMti 14. 19tf J. M. GtTERRY.
• W. G. M. DAVIS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Apalachicola, Florida,
P*t AOTICKS in the Courts of the Middle on*
VVe.,tsrrt Patriots, aad the Court of Aopeals.
Rcrcas to Hurt. i. 8. Calhoun, John Fun
tains. E*q. and and. li. Bonneh, Esq., Columbus
Georgia. 40-521.
f■X 11 E unde i signed will at tend to the PRACTICE
B OF LAW. in the nairlu of JONES & BEN
NING.in most of the counties of this Circuit, ytid a
few of the adjoining counties of Alabama. ‘1 heir
Office will bo found near the Oglethorpe House,
seaborn Jones.
HENRY L. BENNING.
Sept. 16.1839, 33 ts
E. 11, Pl,Al* TANARUS,
ATTORNEY AT t.AW,
(Cuth'mrt,Randolph County,Georgia.)
■m*T(|,L promptly attend to any bnsin'ss entrusted
T to his car# in the co nties of Stewart. Mari
on, Randolph, Early, Decatur, Raker. Lee, Sumter,
Macou and Doolv, Georgia, and Russell aiid Barbour
*f Alabama.
HF.rcHfcrfCEii :
Coin minis—lion. T. F. Foster and Colonel John
Banks.
Lexington—Joseph Henry Ltfftiphm, Esq. B. r.
Hardeman, Esq. Lewis J. Dupree and Georg# F.
Platt.
Washington—Hon. Garnett Andrews.
Macon —Col. D. O. Campbell, Jerry Cowls. Esq.
Forsyth—Messrs Dunn & Martin
Thomaston—Jolrti J. Carey, Esq. T. B. Bethel.
Apalachicola. Flo.—William G.Porter, Esq.
Charleston, S C.—William Harris.
New York. —Messrs. Collins, fteese &
March 11 -> ls
DR. TAYI.OR’
HAS removed bis office to Preston’s Row, a few
doors East of Preston’s Corner, where he may
B. nerallv be found, unless when professionally engaged
P Feb 9. ,f
REMOVAL.
“W'VU. JNO. J. B. HOXbVY, has removed Ins of-
B J fi ce 10 the room over the store of T. A. Bran - -
Mnn , a few doors above Taylor and Walker’s, and
nearly opposite Col. John Banks Drug Store.
Jan. 12. 471 f . j
C. B. BARRETT,
rKACTITIONER OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY !
OFFICE at ins residence, corner of Forsyth |
street, two doors from Dr. S. Boykin, where
he may always bes otmd unless professionally engaged
Feb. 17, 2 4t
DR. c. F, IIERVESY,
DENTAL SURGEON,
UKSPECTFUDLV announces'to the citizens of
Columbus and its vicinity, that he has taken an ;
offi -e on the corner of Broad and Randolph streets,
directly over the store of Mr. L. J. Davis.
Doct. H. offers his services to the public as being
able in most cases, to save entirely such decayed and ,
achin- teeth as they now fear must be extracted
His success in soothing and finally saving many valu
able teeth, in an extensive practice in many cf the j
Northern and Southern cities, has been so decided
that he invites the public lo call.confident that he can, i
under his skill as a Deutist.be useful to them.
He will cleanse, ping and insert teeth, either smplv
or in entire sets, in a manner to he not only beautiful j
and natural in their appearance, but to combine ease
in wearing with strength and durability. Re will also i
cure inflamation and soreness of the gums, giving them ;
a healthy action which will improve the breath and j
ia<te Hours from 9 till l, and from 3to 6.
April 15 ™ J) j
THiE MUSCOGEE INSURANCE CO’Y
ARE now ready for the transaction of business.'—
Otfice over William A. Redd & Co’s, store.
directors :
JON WARREN. *>> EEABODV,
GRIGSBY E. THOMAS, THACKER R. HOWARD
E. S. GREENWOOD, KF.MTH MKINZIE.
* s JOHN BANKS, President.
Matt. R. Evans, Secretary.
17 _ 2 [ {
” LIBERAL ADY ANCBS
MADE on goods consigned to S.M l I 11. BEA 1 -
TIE & Cos. Auction and Conantsston Mer
chan s, Columbus, Georgia.
November 13 09 11
The Commercial Advertiser, Apalachicola, Flor
ida, will insert the preceding, three months, and
transmit the account as above.
TO BRICK MASONS AND CARPEN
TERS.
SEALED proposals will lie received bv the Clerk
of the Inferior Court of Heard county, for the buil
din” of a courthouse in the town of Franklin, Heard
county, until the first Monday in June nrxt. Bids to
be for three sizes, viz : one 40 by 50 feet one 30 by
50. the other 40 feet square, a bid for each : the hail
and court room below, finished ; also a bat for each
finished complete, after the style of the court house ir
LaGrange or Newnan. For further particulars ap
ply at the Inferior Clerk’s Office. Bv order of the In
ferior Court. B. BLEDSOE. c . r
4pril ii 11 u *
THE COLUMBUS TIMES.
COURT HOU3E SCENE.
The following ludicrous scene occurred the
other day in New Orleans in Ihe suit ol Mrs.
Gen. Gaines, before Judge Buchanan. It is
a part of the report of the case made by Ihe
P.cavune, and is worth the reading.
Here an informal discussion was entered in
to, in consequence of Mr. Peyton pressing his
right to read the evidence which he held in
his hand; and when this was denied him, of
giving the substance of that evidence orally,
instead of —as fie was called on to do by the
Judoe—slating what it was that the evidence
would go to establish, if it were ruled by the
Court that it should go to the jury. It ended
hv the Court cajlinir peremptorily on the coun
sel to desist and follow no further the course
: he had been pursuing, otherwise he would hold
him amenable for a contempt of Court and
a violation of all the rules of practice.
Mr. Peyton said he might have been guilty
of an error, hut before no other tribunal would
that be construed into contempt of Court. li,
however, the right of offering evidence were
denied him- if a bit and bride were to be
placed on his mouth —he would at once with
draw from the defence of the case; and here
upon the learned gentleman look up his hat,
bid good-day to his fair client and the jury, and
left the Court.
Here General Gaines and Mrs. Gaines sud
denly started from their seats.
Gen. G-—“ May it please the court, the la
dy will take charge of the case herself, she is
prepared to do it.”
Mrs G.—(taking the book in her hand which
Mr. Peyton had been prevented from reading)
—“Yes, I will proceed with the case.”
The Judge—“Do you intend to offer the
testimony in that bonk as evidence?”
Mrs. G.—;“Yes; part of it.”
The Judge—-“WeH, then, I cannot permit
you to proceed.”
Mrs. G.- “Then I thank my God, I can go
belore the judges of the U. S. Supreme Com t,
where I will be heard, and where justice will
be done me; which I cannot expect here*
where 1 see such partiality.”
The Judge— * General Gaines, this is lan
guage which I shall not suffer. Decorum
must be preserved in this court; there are no
privileged classes here.”
Gen. G.—“lt is tiot my intention to be inde
corous to the court. 1 know my rights and
will maintain them in despite ol my enemies,
and despite of New Orleans und its sixteen
hanks.”
The Judge—“O/der must be preserved in
this court.”
Gen. Gaines— “ Has not your honor acted
as counsel for the opposite parties in this case
before you were raised to a seat on that
bench?”
Mrs. G.—“ Yes, he has, and he is now sit
ting in judgement against us.”
The Judge—“ Mrs. Gaines, I again repeat
that I will not sit here and suffer such language
as this to be made use of, even by a woman.”
During this singular discussion, one of the
oflicets of the court was sent for Messrs.
Grimes and Chinn, the associates of Mr. Pey
ton for the defence, to take charge of Ihe case,
but neither of them was forthcoming, and Mr.
Smith again addressed the court urging the
right of the defendants’ to a liberal construc
tion of the law of evidence.
General Gaines again rose and alluded to
the controversy which closed previous to Mr.
Smith’s addressing the court.
The Judge—“l have said nothing, Gen
Gaines, against the lady. lam sure I acted
with great forbearance. I did not prevent the
argument of any question ol law, hut I inter
posed to prevent a scene of wrangling which,
if permitted to go on, was calculated to bring
the court into contempt, and weaken that au
thority which it is bound to exercise for the
preservation of order.”
Gen. Gaines—“l have something to say for
which I hold myself responsible to this court,
and to the world. The counsel for the plain
tiffs (Mr. Roselius) said yesterday that my re
marks relative to one of ihe parties to this suit
were impertinent. This I never suffered any
person to tell me belore, but coming from that
gentleman, I let the language pass from my
ear as the idle wind. Since my wife has been
alluded to, I insist upon her right to be
heard.”
The Judge—“l do not deny her right lo ad
dress the court, hilt is the evidence closed?”
Mr. Barton, for the plaintiffs, argued that
front the nature of the pleadings put in by the
defendants the evidence was necessarily clos
ed.
Tite judge then ga\>e hiS decision on the
points of law at issue between the parties.'—
He first ruled that the evidence offered was
inadmissible, except in as fat as the represen
tatives of E len O’Brien, were concerned in
wh< sC suit it was originally taken ; that the
authority of the plaintiffs to sue as the heirs of
Daniel Clarke should have denied by a special
pte, a-nd that a subsequent will to that under
Which the plaintiffs sue must be specially plead
ed and proof of its being probated given be
t-ire it can be entertained by the court or of
fered as evidence'.
Mr. Barton, for the plaintiff's, addressed
some remarks lo the court, to show that from
tite position in which the case Stood the defen
dants could offer no evidence, nor had they
any which could be received by the court.
General Games then Said, asr the evidence
was closed on him, and as he was deserted by
bis counsel, be would take the case into his
own hands. If he appeared in the uniform of
a United States officer, it was more as a mark
of respect lo the Court, than as a badge of
privilege.
[Here the Judge explained what he meant
by ‘‘privileged characters.’ ]
Tiie (act of his wife being in Court, lie said,
was no subject tor a sneer. She was deeply
interested in the issue this case, and he thought
that she, or any well educated lady, or indeed
anv woman of an intelligent mind, was capa
ble of forming a correct opinion of its merits
i as one of the other sex, and that she could as
well understand it, as she could the proper
j furbelows and flounces of her gown.
With the permission of the Court, Mrs.
Gaines then rose and read to the Court and
jury several pages of manuscript, being an
j elaborate history of Iter own alleged wrongs,
i and of the artifices and devices of Richard
Kell, Beverly Chew, and others, to keep her
from possessing or enjoying the properly of
Ihe late Daniel C arke, bequeathed to her by
him, whose legitimate daughter site was, and
I not his natural child, its they have alleged.-
It being now lour o’clock, tite Judge dis
charged the jury until Monday week—the first
’ day oti which a jury sits in that Court.
Monroe Railroad. —Speaking of the
Central reminds its of the .Monroe Rail Road,
—[this being a continuation of that, from
Macon through Monroe, Pike and Henry
counties, to Dekalb, where it strikes the ter
minus of the great Slate work, the Western
and Atlantic Railroad, and thence to the
Tennessee River and the Far West.)—which
is also going rapidly ahead. The Iron for
which Road is now being laid down, between
Forsvth and Griffin, at the rate ot half a mile
a day. Before the first day of September,
we expect to see the superstructure all Guilt,
the iron rads laid down, and the cars running
to the new town of Griffin, 5S links from
Macon, —M a Cud Telegraph.
CtJLU.UBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 27, 1841.
TENNESSEE ANTIQ.UITIES,
THE OLD STONE FORT.
The celebrated Btone Fort, in Bedford coun
tv, Tennessee, which has long excited the at
tention of tourists, and the admiration of the
scientific as well as the antiquarian, and which
has lor ages been mantled in obscurity, is about
to be disrobed of its mystery.
At the destruction of an old building in Se
ville, which for the last century has been oc
cupied hy a family remarkable lor their adven
tures and achievements with the buccaneers
who infested the coast of Mexico, Florida, See.,
early in the sixteenth century, a package c,t
.papers was found, consisting of charts and
journals, in which were contained traces of ihe
path pursued by the buccaneers whilst in Amer
ica. Oneofthe papers contained a minute de
scription of the Slone Fort, and the adjacent
country, including the three forks of Duck
River.’ From these papers it appears that the
“Gleta” a buccanneer vessel, was driven by
stress of weather, into a S"'al! harbor on the
coast of Florida, where the pirates ibund it ne
cessary to dismantle their vessel and repair.
That while repairs were going on, a distres
sing mutiny broke out; the principal officers
were put to death in the most cruel manner,
anJ the vessel destroyed. The party consis
ting of about two hundred persons, being de
termined to erect a colony in ihe new world,
wandered along the coast of Florida until they
tell on Mobile Bay, which they followed up un
til thev met the Alabama river. There cros
sing the river a north-westerly-direction, they
me! the three forks of Duck River, where
ihey located themselves and built the Stone
Fort, which afforded an asylum and a retreat
secure from the incursions of their then pow
erful neighbors, the Indians. Here they re
m iined some twenty years, but at length hav
ing expended their ammunition, and having
lost many of their party by disease, a number
of the survivors determined lo retrace their
steps toward the border of the Atlantic.—
This being opposed an internal lend commen
ced, which was kept up hy both parties with
ihe most unrelenting fury and cruelty, until
but four or five remained of ihe colony. The
survivors finding themselves desiitute, in a
wild and desolate country, determined, if pos
sible, to reach again the’sea coast; and hav
ing obtained some information from the Indi
ans, they took a westernly course till they met
the waters of Tennessee river, where they met
a vessel belonging to the father Hennephew
fleet on hoard of which they took passage,
representing themselves as being shipwrecked
marines,; and at length landed in I'ranee
being the last of a powerful band of buccan
neers.
The Stone Fort contains several acres or
land, is regularly constructed, and appears to
have been planned and designed hy a skilful
engineer. Within the wall are now growing
trees which bear the marks of antiquity, ap
pearing to have been standing some two or
ihree (Tenturies. The country adjacent to the
Fort abounds with natural curiosities, such as
mounds, caverns, &c.
How to make a Hen- House. —A hen-house
should be a building for that purpose exclu
sively ; and for the accommodation of filtv hens
and their progeny, in size about 10 by 12 feet,
and 7to 8 feet height of walls; with a door in
the centre of the south or east end, made to
shut as close as the doors of our dwellings ;
and a small aperture near the door, about 9 by
10 inches, and 2 feet from the ground, for ffie
admission of ihe fowls.
In each gable end a window hole 18 bv 80
inches, with a lattice, so as to exclude ravenous
birds, and a shutter inside to be closed tight
in winter, but to be kept open in the summer
for the purpose ol ventilation. ‘I he inside of
the house should be plastered and white-wash
ed as thoroughly asa larmer’s kitchen. I here
must be no ground floor, but a tight floor on
three sides, 3 feet wide, and well j linen to the
wall, about 4 feet from the ground. Above
the floor place the roosts, two on each side,
the outerone 12 inches from the wall, the oth
er 15 inches from that. The roosts, il practi
cable, should be sassafras poles, with the bark
on, as this wood is found to be a slow con
ductor of heat, and is thought to be less liable
to be infested with lice than most other kinds
of timber, owing to its pecul ar aromatic smell.
Under the floor place a row of boxes for nests,
2 1-2 feet from the ground. The boxes to be
10 hv 12 inches, and 6or 7 inches deep. In
the bottom of the box put half an inch of fine
kme or ashes, and then fill nearly full With
fine straw. The interior of the house should
he thoroughly cleansed and white-washed
earlv in the spring, and the ground well cov
ered with slacked lime or ashes. In cold weath
er pul a little fine straw on the ground If at
any time the house becomes infested with lire,
clean and whitewash as before directed. On
the ground place your leed boxes, which should
not he very deep, but of sufficient capacity to
hold a half a bushel each, and keep them well
supplied ; the year round, with corn, buck
wheat and oats, or other kinds of grain, hav
ing one box- for lime and gravel in the winter.
1 am satisfied whoever will adopt the above
plan and regulations, will soon find themselves
well paid for the expense.
Montgomery Railroad. —We are enabled
to sav, as we do with much pleasure, Hint
the Montgomery and V\ est Point Railroad,
complete from the former city to Franklin, is
nowin a thorough state of repair, after the
injuries caused by the late heavy rains, and
the train of cars passes regularly each day
from Montgomery up to Franklin and hack
ao-,tin. The Griffin line of stages is also so
arranged iliat no time whatever is lost at
Franklin, either going west or east, but the
passengers pass immediately on. By this line
passengers'go from Augusta or Macon to
Montgomery as quick as they can by any
other conveyance, and pass eastward!;/ at
the same rafe. This, in additiontoflie better
roads and more populous provision country
through which the route passes, we think
should induce passengers to give it a prefer,
ence over any other. Monroe Rail Road
money taken at par for passage throughout
the line.— Georgia Jeffersonian.
The New Orleans Chamber of Commerce
have addressed a Circular to (he Chambers o<
Commerce in nil the Colton exporting Stales,
recommending an alteration in the period of
makin” up the annual statement of cotton,
from the Ist of October to the 21st of August.
The advantage of tins change,in keeping ihe
crop accounts of different years distinct is ob
vious, and we learn that it is to- he adopted
bv the New Orleans Price currents The ex
amp'e will doubtless be followed universally.
Mobile Journal.
ALABAMA TOBACCO.
One hogshead of Tobacco, the p"oduct of
Cherokee county in this State, was brought
to our market on Saturday, consigned to
Messrs. Broadnax, Newton & Haynes of this
citv. This is the first Tobacco of Alabama
growth, ever brought to this market. W e
learn that the soil and climate of the whole
Cherokee country in this State are particular
ly- aclayted to the culture of Tobacco ; and we
predict the time is not far distant, when it. will
form an important item in the agricultural pro
! ducts cf our State.— Advertiser.
THE UNION OF THE STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.
From the National Intelligencer.
London, March 22, 1841.
Sir : I have the honor herewith to enclose
a copy of resolutions agreed to at a meeting
of members of the British Parliament, and
sanctioned by upwards of one hundred and
twenty of that body.
Tne subject of free trade and the extension
of our commercial relations with the rest of
the world by simplifying our tariff , and thus
leading other nations, by such an example, to
co-operate with us for the attainment of so
important and so desirable an object, has late
ly engaged much of the public attention in
this country; and the general feeling manifest
ed in favor of such changes will, we confidently
hope, soon induce the Government and Legis
lature to take proper steps for carrying out
extensive measures of commercial reform.
The report of a select committee of the
House of Commons, with the tvidence given
before it on tlie subject of important duties, in
the last session of Parliament, has been chiefly
instrumental in producing a state of public opi
nion favorable to a more liberal commercial
policy, by cleariy proving that the restrictions
and prohibitions ol the present commercial
code of the British Empire are, in the highest
degree, prejudicial to the best interesis of the
nation. Allow me, therefore, as the late
chairman of that committee, to forward to
you a copy of that report and evidence, and
to request the favor of your most earnest con
sideration for it.
The liberal course recommended hy the
committee will be found applicable to the
wants of all countries; and, in a matter so
deeply interesting to the peace of the world,
and to the prosperity of nations, I venture to
hope for your zealous support in the convic
tion that the enlightened friends of free trade
may be appealed to with peculiar propriety
at the present moment; and that a vigorous
and simultaneous movement in the different
parts of the commercial and civilized world
cannot fail to he attended with most important
and beneficial results.
I send you, also, a copy of the last report of
the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, in
which the opinions of the merchants and man
ufacturers of that great commercial commu
nity are strongly and favorably expressed.
Public meetings of the merchants and in
habitants of Liverpool, Glasgow, Edinburgh,
Dundee, Bolton, Ashton, and many other cit
ies and towns, have already been held, where
resolutions have been agreed to, warmly ap
proving of the course recommended by the
select committee and by the meeting of mem
bers of Parliament.
It will give me much satisfaction if you will
favor me with any suggestions likely to for
ward the great object we have in view; and,
on my part, I shall be most happy to supply
any information whieh you may deem it de
sirable to obtain, and which it may be in my
power to afford.
I have the honor to remain your obedient
and humble servant., JOSEPH HUME.
To the Hon. Daniel Jenifer.
Warming Pans to Havana.—A Specimen
of the new Appointments. —We had a cap
ital illustration, says the Philadelphia Spirit ol
the Times, of the capacity of the comers in
at the Custom House on Saturday. One of
the Deputy Inspectors was sent down to the
brig Elizabeth, loading at Lombard street
wharf, for Havana, to note the delivery of
several packages ofgoods entitled todebenture.
Not knowing exactly what to do, he applied
to Captain Gallagher, of the brig, for infor
mation. The captain, being a wag, resolved
to “ try conclusions” on the new deputy, ac
cordingly gave him a deal of the most incom
prehensible intelligence.
“ Corne this Way, Mr. Inspector,” said Capt
G., with great gravity and deference; come
this way I’ll show you the boxes, and tell you
what to do with ’em.
“ You ’re a jewel, captain.” returned the
other. “ I’ve only had my commission about
twenty minutes, and I’d be thankful ff you’ll
just tell me what to write down on this bit of
paper.”
“You see these boxes, marked X X and a
star. Well put them down shipped by Hanse
Souercroutzen--on speculation— for Kams
chatka, by way of the Moro, at Cuba, in the
Island of Havana, On the Spanish Main. Be
very particular.”
The Deputy, much excited by the novelty
of his situation, wrote out this precious rig
marole on the crown of his hat, without suspi
cion, and then enquiied if they were entitled
to “preventure.”
“ Debenture, you mean.” said the captain,
observing that the green deputy didn’t know
the ropes “Oh yes ! they’re entitled to two
debentures and a half.” Be sure you have
that down an I add contents unknown!—
take off the marks of these six packages
R. G. and a diamond. Say they coma in
| uvo dozen each of Smith’s patent self heating
warming pans, shipped by Mr. Smith him
self, —-(ions gn£d to the Governor’s chief
mandarin, —for the the use of the State,” and
down went everv word.
“ How many pfeven,—I 1 mean debentures
—have they a right to Captain ”
“Oh excuse me, I had forgot. Why as
these things conte tinder the head of public
stores, you must say they are entitled to four
debentures and a drawback.” Here the
Captain could scarcely keep his Countenance,
but, making a strong effort at composure,
gave his tobacco an extra turn, and looked at
the brig.
“Yes, 1 believe that’s all.”—and you’ll find
its enough, too, “thought the wag of a tar!—
“No, stop! here are three bales of double
milled Whitney blankets; two casesol Scotch
knit hose, and one box of gum elastic- over
shoes;- hut you needn’t be particular about
them. Just note the number, and tell the
Collector not to trouble himself over them.—
‘Good m truing, Mr. Inspector, I see I’m wan
ted on hoard.” The captain then made a
very polite bov? and went away. The Dep
uty returned the congee, and expressed his
grattitiule, hut not liking ihe roguish leer of
’ the Captain’s eye as they parted, he went in
Mr. Old’s counting room to ascertain whether
his certificate was rightly filled up. The pe
rusal of the document nearly killed the clerk.
As soon as he recovered’ from the fit of
- fun it brought upon him, he pacified the poor
Deputy, Who was sorely galled by the hoax,
gave him proper directions, and cautioned
him against sending warming pans and
Whitney blankets to Havana in future.
Missouri Law. —The St. Louis New Era
says an important decision was made by the
Supreme Court of the State, in which the mer
cantile community are much interested. The
question came up in the case of Austin &
Haines vs Blue, a d was, what constitutes a
negotiable note under the statute of this State 1
The Court/ after full argument, decided that
the words “negotiable and payable ” must ap
pear on the face of the note, in order to give it
negotiability/ as well as the’words “for value
received, without defalcation,” which have
generally been considered to confer that char
acter. According to this decision, a note to be
negotiable should be in the following form :
-after date I promise to pay to or
order dollars, negotiable and payable with
out defalcation or discount, and fer value re
ceived.”
THE PATROON OF ALBANY.
The celebrated “ Helderbergh War,” in
which the deeds of the New York Militia a
few years since afforded so much amusement
to the New York press, has again been re
newed. Os the nature of ihe tenures by which
the tenants hold their lands, and from which
have sprung their difficulties with their land
lord, much misconception exists. Ihe ariicle
therefore which we publish below from the
“ New Yorker,” in reference to this matter, a
full history of the Rensselaer claims, the last
entailed estate in the Union, will prove of in
terest.—Alabama Journal.
The Manor of Rensselaeßwyck. —Hugh
Maxwell and Gary V. Sackett, Commission
ers appointed by the Governor to mediate
between the Patroon, Stephen Van iteusse
iaer, and his refractory tenants, have made a
Report in part to the Legislature, from which
we galher toe following facts:
The Manor of Rensselaerwvck is about
twenty-four miles in length each way from
the Hudson River, and tweniy-lour in breadth
North and South, from Boon Island in the
Hudson to the Cohoes Falls in the Mohawk,
excluding a strip one mile wide and sixteen
miles long, on the West side of the River,
(which includes the greater part of the city of
Albany,) excepting also the site of the city of
Troy, and certain olher portions of the coun
ties of Albany and Rensselaer of which the
fee simple has been surrendered by the Pat
roon. This tract was purchased of the Indian
occupants by Killion Van Rensselaer between
1630 and 1637, under the sanction of the
Dutch Government. After the conquest of
the colony by the English, anew charter was
granted him by Queen Anne in 1701, so that
Ihe original Van Rensselaer title would seem
a triple cord not easily broken. The charter
from Queen Anne is baronial or feudal, con
ferring upon the Patroon all the rights of a
lord of the manor under the old English laws,
authorizing him to hold courts, issue writs,
impose fines, distrain for rent, &.c. &c.
The American Revolution stripped him of
many of these privileges, but left him in pos
session of the properly* which is held by entail,
and leased to tenants on conditions which are
now generally deemed unwise & oppressive,
if not degrading. The estate is divided into
farms of one hundred and twenty acres each,
leased in perpetuity, at a yearly rent of twen
ty-two and a hall bushels of wheat, four fat
fowls, one day’s service with wdgon and
horses, the payment of all taxes and assess
ments, and reservations to the Patroon of all
mines, minerals and streams of water, such
fire-wood and timber as he inay think proper
to require for building mills, mining operations,
itc. &c. He is also entitled to ‘quarter sales,’
or one-fourth the proceeds of every *ale or
transfer of a lease from one tenant to another.
These conditions many of the tenants deem
oppressive and degrading, and have combined
to resist their enforcement.
The late Patroon was a very kind-hearted,
benevolent ruan, and popular with his tenant
ry. During his long life they did very much
as they pleased about the rent;’ and at his
death there was due from them the gross sum
of four hundred thousand doUurt, while lie was
involved, if we mistake not, in pecuniary em
barrassments of some standing.
The new Patroon, Stephen Van Rensselarr
the vounger, coming into possession of the
estate, attempted to turn over anew leaf.—
He demanded the payment of all arrears and
a rigid fulfilment of the eontracts thereafter —
a demand which led to remonstrance, resist
ance, the famous ‘Helderbergh War,’and ulti
mately to this attempt at adjustment by State
mediation.
The Commissioners have not brought the
landlord and tenants vefy near each other’s
terms, as yet. The Patroon offers to receive
S3O in money in lieu of the 22 1-2 bushels of
wheat, one day’s service and four fowls, which
are now the annual rent of a farm. He will
relinquish the right of quarter sales for S3O
per farm. He will relinquish the water privi
leges, &c. for a fair consideration—all these
on condition that the arrears of rent be first
adjusted and acknowledged so ns to be in a
train of ultimate payment, or the arrears be
ing settled, he will release ass hid title and in
terest in nny farm for $4 per acre, one-filth in
hand, the balance secured by bond and mort
gage. These are the rafroon’s conditions,
and they do not appear to us unreasonable.
In reply to these terms the tenarts submit
ted the following proposition: that the rent in
wheat be valued at one dollar per bushel, and
all restrictions be taken off; and that the ten
ants have ihe privilege of purchasing the fee
at a sum, at 7 per cent, interest, which {would
amount to a given number of hushelsof wheat.
Meaning tl ereby to’ pay for 166 acres of land
(being the the size generally of the farms for
which they pay 22 1-2 bushels of wheat)
$321 4%, or s2f per acre;
In this situation do the affairs of the T.Vnd
lord and his tenants remain at present. The
Commissioners say they “ have thought they
should best perform their duty to the parties
and to the public by suspending their inter
ference lor the present, and until some indica
tion shall appear of a disposition on the part
of the landlord or tenants to reconsider the
terms submitted, arid approximate toward
those offered by the other party. The dispo
sition manifested hv a great majority of the
tenants induces us to hope that finally a set
tlement \bill hie effected between them and the
landlord. The interest of the landlord, as
well as that of the tenants, will he most ad
vantageously secured by mutual concession
and compromise.”
The Fisheries'. —The Mackerel fishery
hasffor several years been so unsuccessful,
that it will probably be abandoned in a great
measure before long. The entire catch of
Massachusetts la3t year was only 50,000
barrels, having been gradually diminishing
since I*B3l, when it was 353,000 barrels. In
Portland, where 45,000 barrels have been
packed in a single season there were about
500 barrels packed last year.
The cod fishery is so uncertain, both trom
! scarcity of fish and low prices, that unless
| they had ihe bounty to rely upon, it would be
abandoned, as the Vessels now in existence
would wear out or he lost. The French and
English pavamnch higher bounty to their
fishermen than the United Slates does, and
! hence the fish of those nations is sold id the
: markets at lower prices than the American
fisherman is able to compete with. The
cost of carrying on Ihe cod fishery is found
to average about 8100 dollars a season, for
leads, lines, nets,- knives, salt and provisions,
to each man employed.
Ii is estimated that a vessel in the cod
fishing will take, on an average, seven quin
tals of fish when dried and fit for market, and
will use nine bushels of salt perron, on an
average. Large vessels will use more and
small ohes less. The earnings of a man for
a season will average from 850 to 875, clpar
of expenses of living>—Newburyport Her
ald.
A Sailor’s notion of a Sermon. —A Nan
tucket sailor was aske-Pto give an opinion of a
sermon to which he had just listened. He
said it was a handsome sermon, but he would
have liked it much better if it had stuck the
iharpoon into the conscience of the shiner-
India.—British Tyranny. —The Kev. J.
Piermont gives the following description ol
the horrid tyranny of the British Government
in this unhappy region :
*'• The sanguinary wars by which Great
Britain has subjugated the hundred millions
ot India, and the stern despotism with which
she rules and starts tliefn, that her merchant
princes may roll in splendor and lap them
selves in voluptuousness, have a voice which
the whole thickness of the globe cannot keep
cut of our ears. ‘ A more beautiful Country,’
says a brother clergyman, recently of this
city, 1 than that from Cuddalone to Tanjore
(in Madras) cannot possibly be imagined.—
The dense population and rich soil give their
energies to each other, and produce a scene
of surpassing loveliness. But tfie taxes and
other causes keep down the laborer* to a stale
below that of our Southern slaves.’ ‘ Turn
your eyes backwards,’ says a speaker of their
own, no longer ago than last September, ‘turn
your eye backward upon the scenes of last
year. Go with me into the northwest prov
inces of the Bengal presidency, and 1 will
show you the bleaching skeletons of five hun
dred thousand human beings, who perished of
hunger in the short space of a few months; —
Yes, died of hunger in what lias been justly
called the granary of the world. The air for
miles was poisoned with the effluvia emitted
from the putrifying bodies of the dead. The
rivers were choked with the corpses thrown
into their channels. Mothers cast llieir little
ones beneath the rolling waves, because they
would not see them draw their last gasp, and
feel them stiffen in their arms. Jackals and
vultures approached and fattened upon the
bodies of men, women and children, before
life was extinct. Madness, disease and de
spair stalked abroad, and no human power
present to arrest their progress. And this
occurred in British India, in the reign of Vic
toria the first. Nor was the event extraordi
nary or unforeseen. Far from it. 1835 wit
nessed a famine in the Northern province.—
1833 beheld one in the E istern. lS22saw
one in the Deccan. They have continued to
increase in frequency and extent under our
sway, for more than half a century.’ Under
the administration of Lord Clive, a famine in
the Bengal province swept off three mil
lions; and at the time the British speculators
had their granaries filled to repletion with corn.
Horrid monopoly of ihe necessaries of life!
Three millions died, while there was food
enough; and to spare, locked lip in the store
house together. To add to the horror with
which lie had been called upon to regard the
last dreadful famine, (that of the last year,)
we are made acquainted by the returns of the
custom-house, with the fact, that as much
grain was exported from the lower part of
Bengal, as would have fed the half million
who perished, for a whole year. Yet this
awful oppression and thoae desolating famines
must go on, that England may extort a hun
dred millions of dollars every year, from her
hundred millions of Hindoos; and poppies
must grow instead of wheat, that, at her can
nonVAtinut'hf'slie may force her opium upon
the three hundred millions of the Chinese,
while someone solitary marshman, perhaps,
is translating of the Bible of the Christians, to
bring these countless millions to accept the
religion of a nation that stands ready at this
moment to destroy one halt of them by war,,
that it may destroy the other half by poison.’’
Aw EXTRAORDINARY JOURNEY AND VoY
age.—An English traveller, Sir George Simp
son, who recently eel out from Liverpool, and
left Montreal on his wild route a few days
since, is now engaged in one of the most ex
traordinary adventures of modern times. He
is now on his way round the world, and ex
pects to travel'in all 36,850 miles. Thus, he
left Liverpool and arrived at Halifax and
Boston by steam packet, a distance of 3500
miles. Thence fie went to Montreal by wa
ter, a distance of 370 miles. He left that city
in a canoe, and intends to visit French river,
lakes Huron,'Superior, White Fish, Lake of
the Woods and Winnipeg, until he reaches
the Red River settlement, being a distance of
2150 miles, all by canoes. He then proposes
to travel on horseback and on foot to the
Rocky Mountains, a distance of upwards of
1300 miles. He will then proceed down the
Columbia liiver, a distance of 1110 miles bv
boit, until he arrives at Fort Vancouver.—
tfe will then'travel on the Pacific Ocean by
steamboat and ships upwards of 15,000 miles;
will visit Sandwicii Islands, Kamschatka and
various other places. He will proceed to Si
beria, and travel 860 miles on horseback—
then along the Lena, a distance of 2640 miles
in boats. He will take horses, and after visit
ing various regions of the north of Europe,
will proceed home through Europe, being a
distance of 9500 miles, in carriages and on
horseback. His calculation is to he absent the
whole of, this ye,ar; .and the greater part of
nexL —Philadelphia Inquirer.
Savannah and Macon Railroad.-Tlic
public will be gratified to learn, that the whole
length of this Road tha t was Completed before
the late disastrous floods, will soon be restored
to use. The cars run at present but 80 miles
from Savannah , but in a short fibre they will
run 135’miles—the point the Road wias com
pleted to when the freshet occurred—being
within less than 60‘ miles of Macon,’ The
grading is already completed to the Oconee;
and the superstructure will be laid down du
ring the summer;- —so that by early fall, if no
untoward accident happens, passengers and
merchandise will be brought by the Railroad
to within 30 miles of this city. On the upper
end of the line, sav between the Ocmulgee and
Oconee Rivers, the embankments and excava
tions are being made with great celerity—and
it is anticipated with much certainty, that the
whole line from Savannah to MaCon, a dis
tance of 193 miles, will be completed and in use
in some 18 months from this time. —Macon
Telegraph.
Important Decision. —Tin*. Cincinnati!
F.nqfiirer states that the oirpreime Court lias
decided that certifi ates of deposit, and such
like humbug devices to evade the statutes a
gainst unauthorised bank paper, a;e illegal
and within the staiute of 1816. The Quo
IV’arrani> cases of the State vs Ohio, Life In
surance Company, and the Miami Exporting
Company have beer, reserved for decision by
the Court in Bank.
A good Idea. —A short time since Fanny
Klssler, the famous French dancer, rode from
one of the New Orleans Theatres to the Ho
tel upon horseback, and the cushion upon which
she sa'. was afterwards put up at auction and
bid oil at 85! An exchange paper thinks the
U. S. Bank had better employ Fanny to sei
upon some of their notes and see if she dan’t
improve the value of them!—N. Hampshire
paper.
Infortant Legal Decision. —Tt was on
Saturday decided by the judges of the District
Court of the city and county of Philadelphia,
in the case of Croft vs TteifF, that in a case
where a check drawn payab'e to bearer, and
loaned by the drawer to the payer for his ac
commodation, and by the payer passed to a
third party, in payment of a bona fide deb!, the
holder cotild not recover thereon.
VOL. I. NO. 16.
Butter. —A New York papet 1 publishes
for the information of Agriculturists and oth
ers, the following advices received from En
gland relative to one of our staple a/ficles,
which has of late become an important item
in our exports to that country:
From the London Commercial Journal, March 27.”
“At a public sale of American Butter at
Liverpool it fetched, for best sorts, 845.; 725.
to 7 Is. duty paid; while inferior only sold at
435. to 445. in bond *ol which the parcel chief
ly consisted. The quantity arrived at the
London market shews the same results, the
principal part being used for grease purposes.
The American makers of Butter are very far
behind the Irish, English, or Dutch / from the
first operation to the last, all seems to be done
without system or care ; the same materials
would if managed by experienced hands,
fetch in this market 255. to 30s. more money.
There is no attention paid to the, making, sal
ting, putting down or packing.'”
Extract of a letter. .
“ Asii is probable that American Butterand
Lard will in future seek a market in Great
Britain lor the surplus product, it may be well
that the farmers and others should know that
their interest will be to take more cure in ma
king these articles. Nothing can be superi
or to the rich flavor of the Ohio and other
Western Butter, fed on prairie and Other rich
soils in the autumn; but even a moderately
short voyog.*, or the approach of spring,’
changes the character of it into a White and
rancied grease; the evil seems to be that the
buttermilk is not worked out, neither is it
properly salted. The best American Butter
imported this year lias not sold higher than
85s. while the best from the continent has
fetched 110s. to 115s; the latter will keep l fof
years.”
Length of Miles in Different Coun
tries. —There is scarcely a greater variety
in anything that in ihiskind of measure. Nod
only those ofdifierent Countries differ, as the
French from the English, but thbse of the
same country vary in the different provinces,
and all commonly from the standard. Thus
the common English mile differs from the
statue mile ; and the French have three sort
of leagues. Here follows the miles of several
countries compared with the English, by Dr.
Hallay; ,
The English statue mile consists of 5380’
feet, 1760 yards, or 8 furlongs.
The Turkish, Italian and old Roman lesser
mile 7s nearly one English.
The Arabian ancient and modern, is about
1 1-2 English,
The Scotch and frieh mile are about 1 and/
ohe half English* ,
The Indian is almost 5 English.
, The Dutch,'Spanish and Polish are about
8 1-4 English.
The German is more than 4 English.
The Swedish, Danish and Hungarian is a
bout 5 to 6 English.
The French common league is near 3 En
glish. ,
The English marine league is three En
glish miles. —Congregationalist.
Silk W orms. — A writer in the Na tional In
telligencer states that the extensive loss of the
silk-worms in this country last year, was
caused by the same diseases, (called muscar
dine,) which has proved so destructive to them’
in Europe. The proper remedy, he says, is
a free application of air-slaked-time to the
worms, and also to the floors of the cocoone
ry, and white-Oash all the wood-work of ihe
fixtures. The lime should be sifted through
a fine sievC on the worms , two.or three times
a Week if healthy, and oncC a day if diseased,
in the morning before the first feeding, and af*.
ter cleaning the hudles. The quantity of
lime to be sifted on the worms may he just
sufficient 1o whiten the worms anil leaves
well? and it should be commenced when the
worms are half grown; say twelve to fifteen
days old. This remedy has, during the past
enabled those persons in France
who used it to save and obtain cocoons front
ninety-seven per cent of all the worms hatch
ed.”—Journal of Commerce.
State Bonds. —There : s certainly some
misapprehension relative to the proportionate
value of Dollar and Sterling Bonds. The de
nominations are usually a thousand dollars, or
two hundred and twenty-five pounds sterling,
and these are, in our market, treated as the
same amount—in other word's, each pound
sterling, which is the same as the sovereign;
is calculated at four d'olloars forty-four cents,
which produces upon the .£225, SI,OOO. But
the sterling pound or sovereign is, by the lawsf
of the United States, valued at $4 85, and
which is the actual value, for which at the
mint they will give you so rfruch silvei 1 , thus
making i>225 bond equal to 81,091 25 bond, 1
and consequently the difference id pric6 ought
to be from seven to nine per cent, depending
in some degree, upon the market 1 value of
sovereigns here, as they sometime rise above
$4 85'. The difference in these two deserp
tions of securities ought not to be affected at
all by the fact that the dollar bonds 1 are paya
ble here and the sterling bond in London, ex
cept to increase the value of the sterling
bonds, lor, if the sterling bonds are not paid ire
London, and come hack here for payment;
they must be paid principal and interest, at
the rate of $4 85 for the pound sterling.—N.’
Y. Times.
Tiif. University of this State lias, at
present, it is said, but fifty students—a meagre
number, when the liberal provision made by
the Legislature is considered. It has accom
modations for some .hundreds; and it is to be
regretted that prejudices against it which cause
many of the young men of this Stale to seek
an education elsewhere, still continue to exist.
Most, if not all of them,'are probably ground
less.—Alabama Journal, May 19.
Trade of N. York.— According to Hunt’s
Merchants’ Magazine, the amount of capital
in the State invested in foreign trade is $49,-
803,401. The number of retail dry goods,
groceries, qnd other stores in the Slate is
12 063, with a capital of $41,581,551.
The total number of commercial houses ire
the State of New York engaged in foreign
trade is 459, of which 417 are in the city of
New York.
The total number of commission houses in
the Slate of New York i<* 1094, of which 913
are in the city of New York.
What Ingratitude ! —A needy Patriot;
—The Buckeye blacksmith is in the city, in
great distress. Ite has applied for relief to all
the Whig leaders and pipe-layers, but with
out success. Badger, who carried him about
during the last campaign, and aWnosf deified
him, has refused even lo see him,- although
repeatedly assured that he is sick and starving.
Mr. Roberts feels for him, hut not in his pock
ets ! We are not at rill surprised at their con
duct; we are only astonished he should
be fool enough to expect nnv thing from them.
The day of his “availibility” is gone.—Phila
delphia .Spirit of the Timas.
Veg ViTable J>nrr. — A facetious friend of
mirs, who during hot weather cherishes an
ardent al'aehment to mint fillips, rlccla'i s that
it is in strict accordance vviih the ordeig of
his physician, who has urged upon him the
imreraliye necessity of existing upon vege’.a
| b!e food.—N. O. Picayune