Newspaper Page Text
THE WEEKLY TIMES.
J O’H N FORSYTH— EDIT OR.
J. FORSYTH, R. ELLIS & CO.,
proprietors/
The WEEKLY TIMES is published every Tuts
rftty Morning, a $2,50 per annum in advance, or
Three Deix, s at the end of the year.
THE TRI-WEEKLY TIMES,
Published everv WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY
Mominz*. and SATURDAY Evenings, Office on
the West side of llrond Street, nearly opposite
Winters’ Exchange.
T G R JI s :
Five Dollars per annum in advance, or Srx
Dollars sfter six months.
{fcj* No paper will be discontinued while any
arrearage* arc due, unless at the option of the
proprietors.
Advertisement* conspicuously inserted at One
Dollar per square tor the first insertion, and Fif
tv Cents for every subsequent continuance.
$3- Obituary Notice” exceeding one square (or
aleven lines) will be charged as advertisements.
THE TIMES JOB PRINTING OFFICE.
Every description of Job Work, either Plain, in
Colors or Bronze, elegantly and promptly execu
ted . Such as
Rooks, Pamphlets,
Business Cards, Visiting Cards,
Bill Heads, Notes,
Receipts, Bills of hading,
BankCUecks, Circulars,
Postesj, Hand Bills,
Ball Tickets, Dray Keee ipts, Ac
The office having been lately furnished with a
large stock of NEW TYPE, comprising some of
the most elegant designs, we are prepared to exe
cute all kinds of Job Work in a style not to be ex
celled.
We particularly invite the attention of our mer
chants and others who have heretofore ordered
their work Iroin the north, to our specimens.
i)ur priccß are fixed at the lowest possible rates.
Orders from our country friends will be promptly
attended to.
{Or Blank Legal formsof overy description, kept
on hand and for sale.
GEORGIA MILITARY INSTITUTE,
MARIETTA, CJA.
fpilfS Institution will be open for the admission of CA-
J DET^ ? on Momiay ttik 7th ok .1 1 1y,1851.
The Institution it* owned by Stockholders and is under the
control ofn Hoard of Trustees.
The Faculty elected consists of Maj. A. V. Brumby, Hen.
James YV. Armstrong, Maj. I). H. ii ill and Thomas Steward
son, M. 1).
The i?unerintciidcnt, MaJ. Brumby, is a graduate of West
Point, lie coineato us with the best recommendations from
the Academic Stall* of that Institution; and, also, from the
Faculty of the University of Alabama, where life taught Ma
thematics and Civil Engineering several years. (Jen. Arm
strong and Maj. Hill are also graduates of West Point, and
are experienced teachers. The latter is at this time Profes
sor of Mathematics in Washington College, Vn.
The Course of instruction, regulations and discipline of the
IT. Military Academy, so far as they are applicable to a
State Institution, have been adopted, and will be published
in pamphlet form.
The Institution is organized upon the usual plan of four
Collegiate Classes. By reference to the following SYNOP
SIS OF STUDIES, Parents and Guardians can, at once, see
what are the requirements for joining either class.
FOURTH ‘I.ASS.
Arithmetic, Algebra, Ucometry, English Orammar, Geog
raphy, Composition aiid Declamation. French.
THIRD CLASS.
Trigonometry, Mensuration, Surveying, Descriptive Geom
etry and its applications, Analytical Geometry, French, Draw
ing, Composition, Rhetoric, History A
SECOND CLASS.
Differential and Integral Calculus, Natural and Experimen
tal Philosophy, Astronomy, Chemistry, Drawing, Evidences
of Christianity, Moral and Mental Philosophy.
FIRST CLASS.
Natural History, Mineralogy, Geology and Physiology, Po
litical Economy, Law of Nations, Civil and Military Engi
neering, and Civil Architecture, Infantry Tactics, Science and
Practice of Artillery.
No Cadet wi 11 be admitted who is less than fourteen or
more than twenty-five years of age; or who is afflicted with
any disease or infirmity which would render him unfit for
military duty.
The Cadets will be occupied al>out one hour and a half
each day in military exercises; but at such times as nut to
interfere with thir regular studies.
UNIFORM, FURNITURE, &.C.
The Uniform consists of a light gray cloth coatee, trimmed
with gilt convex buttons and black cord—white vest, and
white Russian drilling pantaloons, without trimmings—for
summer. For winter, gray cloth vest and pantaloons, trimm
ed to suit the coat —black stock, white gloves and while hell.
—Monroe shoes and a Tor age cap. jYu otlur dress will be
worn ; nor will t.Uidcts be allowed to keep other clothing in
their rooms. Each Cadet from a distance must provide him
self w ith a mattress and bedding for a single bed, mattress
cover and bed-strap—one trunk, one clothes bag and six
towels. Each Cadet will unite with his room-mates in pur
chasing, for their common use, one pine .table, one looking
glass, one wash pan, one pail and one broom.
In view ol the follow mg regulations, parents and guardians
■ending their sons and wards to this Institution, are advised
to deposit with the Superintendent, or with some friend in
Marietta, a sum of money sufficient to purchase the above
articles, and to cover till necessary expanses for one Session ;
<r the Superintendent should be authorized, in writing , to
allow the Cadet to make an account for a sp ec if. ed sum. The
regulation referred to is as follows, viz: Every Cadet shail
keep a small blank book, in which shall be charged every
article he may purchase. This hook shall he turned over to
the Superintendent for his inspection at the end ot every
month. Any Cadet who shall contract, a debt without per
mission of the Superintendent, or be furnished with any ar
ticle whatever, by any storekeeper or other person, without
such jH'nnission, or whose parent or guardian shall pay any
debt contracted” by him during his connection with the In
stitute, and in violation of this regulation, shall be dismissed*
TERMS.
Tuition, Board, Woshii.tr, Flirt, Lielils, Field Music, mid !
all other contingent expenses, [|u-r Session of live montlis. j j
Tuition nlone, [for resident t’:nlets,l per Fes. ion, 00
Field Music and oilier continereiils, - - - s’ fit
Any Cadet enterin'; the Institute after Hie commencement
of a session, will lie chanted ill proportion to the above rates. !
7'Ar.sr rhnrffrs must hr paid in n,lnner for all expenses ex
cept the fee for tuition. F.vory Cutlet leaving the Institute
before the expiration of the period for which lie lias made ‘
an Kanoe, shall receive the unexpended balance.
ryTho Editor of any newspaper in Geor’ll l , tsoutb i ar- 1
olina, Florida. Alabama, Mississippi or Tennessee, by inseri
imt this advertisement in Ids paper, and sendinjt a copy reg
ularly to the “(teortfia Military Institute,'’ sludl lie entitled to
tuition for one Cadet, or bis draft at the rate of twenty-live
dollars per session, payable in tuition, and, m favor ot any
Cadet, will be accepted. n \ Vtl > nUViN.
lune S, 1831. —.iy 13} l’res’l. Hottrn Trustees. ,
Mrs. Hentz’s New Novel, j
KKSA: or the Snow Hiiid—Just received and for sale by
, I>. F. WII.COX, (
jaiixT J—w ts - doors north of Hall &• Moses’.
PLANTATION FOR SALE.
I OFFER for sale my Plantation situated in Talbot county,
about six miles north of Wnverly Hall, iidjoitiiiiß Harris,
consisting of three hundred acres, seventy-five ot which arc
open and in n state of cultivation—with weil improved hot, |
Out-houses &c., complete. For terms &e., apply on the
premises to j
julyl‘4—w2t-pd Jl>>K MOORF. |
HOTEL FOR SALE.
TIIF. subseriber otfers for sale his cominodious and well
finished Hotel,'altuatcd on the east side of ttie public
square ill tlie town of lltiena Vista. (In, and known as the
“GLOBE HOTEL.” It is furnished with all necessary con
leniencies, and has pertaining to it, a good Kitchen, Smoke- ,
house. Stable, Lot, &e.., nil in good repair. Ibe House is
conveniently situated, and is favored with a i’ber.d share ot
hoarding and transient eustoin. Buena \ ista, though new, ;
Is a large and beautiful town. Its schools, and varied mer
cantile and mechanic interests, insure it permanency and ra
pid growth. No one need tear depreciation in property tor |
many vears. , , .. ... „
Persons wishing to purchase such proper tv, would no w it .
(o call and examine. Reasonable time w ill be allowed lor j
LUMPKIN PROPERTY FOR SALE.
TIIK “WRIGHT HOUSE.” —This well known property, j
situated on the Northeast corner of the Public Square, ;
In the town of Lumpkin, Stewart County, is offered tor sa c. ;
x a reduced price. The House is so well known in t
western Georgia, that it is deemed by the Propne’or uuie'-
uessary to say anything ill its praise here. Those who nave j
tried it, can speak tor themselves.
The House has as good a run of the transient custom as any
(louse below Columbus, in the State. The Elite,ilia and Ogle
thorpe stages make this their eating liouse. for supper and
breakfast. There are sixteen rooms m it, which arc neatly. ;
dlit not costly furnished, with new lurniture.
Tlie above property will be sold low lor or on tune, ,
to suit the purchaser. So, call and examine ter yourselves,
MATTHEW WRIGHT, Propriolor. !
Lumpkin, Ga., July 17, Idol. —ts j
LEATHER.
H ARNESS, band ami sole Leather, top Leather, black !
and fancy enamelled lapither, whang Leather, patent
Leather, Deer Skins, Slice]) Skins MonHVO and I.<h>a- >m< - |
era’ Skins, Calf Skins, ariM nil kiuds ot i.eullier—-n>rc •*
june'JO .. W.VOK fcro..“.
East tide Broad st., fcignot l?oxdcn
MORE BOOKS! MORE BOOKS!
DEALINGS with the Inquisition, by Hr. Aeliilli: Story
on the Constitution ; Moriah, or Sketches ot the Sacred
Kites of Ancient Israel; Barnes” Notes on tlie (.ospoi ; Barney
Notes on the Acts os the Apostles; Macon on the J nurcii,
Stephens’ Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petri, &*•; Alexander
on Religious Experience; l*avs of the Kirk aud i en:m!, (
<t*olo£y of the Bass Rock ; Connection o* the I nysiealvUi
•nces;‘Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life; Parents As
sistant, hv Miss Edgeworth; History of Cleopatra; t r
Tales, by*Miss Eiigeworth ; The Guiding Star, or the Ih.ble
Cod’s Message; Jacob Abbot’s Franconia Stories, consist me
of MoUviHe, Wallace, Beechnut, Mary Bell and Mary Lrskme;
Travels of Marco Polo; Natural History of Selborue ; Biduui
Biography; The Elephant: Home Scenes; (rolys Lifeot
George IV.; Dwight’s History of Connecticut: Bruces Lite
and Travels; Fletcher’s History of Poland; laves ot John
Jay and Alexander Hamilton ; Lewis and Clark s kxpodiuon;
J/ives of Celebrated Travellers; First Volume ot the late
fcnd Tiu*rs of John Calvin. —Received and tor sale by
D. F. VMLCOA,
july 17 2 doors North of Hall & Moses’.
NEW WORKS.
RECEIVED thisdav bv A. C. Fi.eu-eu.en- & C<K> under
. the Post 00560—Howard and the Prison \\ orld of hii
ope* IViHiennis; Eastern Life—Past and Present; ‘poik
Forrest’s Field Sports; Youatt on the Dotr; Cutla and the
Cubans; Isjjind World of the Pacific: History ot the Polk
Administration; Forest Life; The Night-side ot Nature
Ghosts and Ghost-seers; McKay’s Popular Delusions ; \ lews
a-foot, by Bayard Taylor; The Woman of Israel, Vale of j
(VniarN Home Influence, Mothers’ Recompense, Womans
Friendsnip—by Grace Aguatar; Five Vears of a Hunters
Life in the far interior or South Africa; The British Colo
nies; American Education.
Columbus, March a, 1851.—iwtf
NEW YORK AND SAVANNAH
STEAM-SHIP LINE.
(WEEKLY.)
THE new and splendid Steam-ships FLO Rl D A . C.ipL
Lyon, and ALAB AM A, C apt * Ludlow,
belonging to the lie* York anil Savannah fct eam Nav ga
tion oo_ on and afler the 11th January, will leave *a\nnnnh
and New York everv Saturday until further notice.
Ships are of 1,300 tons register, and unsurpassed, in comiori,
**Tra vellers*lea vi ng Colnmbus Wednesday niffht,
a night’s rest at Macon and Savannah —but it the*
then; oil Thursday night, they can take the extra tram Oinßie
Central Railroad from Macon on Friday evening, mjtimie
gt Savannah on Saturday morning. Cabin passage S-5, P*. v ’
abletn whanc. pAELFORI) FAY & (XX, Savannah.
‘ SAMUEL L. MITCHELL, 104 Front st.,
janao—tf Kb>v York.
FANCY ARTICLE®
OF all kinds, and to suit all tastes-s.ich as: Pocket Hand
kerchiefs, Cravats, Neck Ties Stocks, socks (e> cry qnal
itv e<t ot.lor, ilk and cotton). Silk, <\mon
•ter Anri,—a,id in fact everything necessary to a gentleman -
WiinlNt.,', can be found at . , ~, viri ’<
apnl3--wt;’ vyiLLll'OiUJt & PAJULL-
lll§£
VOLUME XI. j
* LAW NOTICE.
T>ET.SER'iJ TATE— Attorneys and Councellors at
JJ Ipractice in Copartnership in the Circuit and
Unaricery C< its of Russell county, and in the Supreme
vourt of thejplte of Alabama. Business entrusted to their
care will reeferl* prompt, and vigilent attention.
James E. lelseit, | Thomas S. Tate,
Monwoinery, Ala. j Crawford, Ala.
\ J. M. RAUM,
DEALER in Fancy and Staple DRY GOODS, Laces 3ul
’iS3 u&n street, opposite the Times Office
ROCII ISLAND FACTORY,
I Snow m.nu rail; ring Writing Paper of all the various
X Kinua, such m t etter, Fools-cap, Flat-cap, Folio and
commercial Pc*'.■ ruled and unruled,) Mediums, Deinvs,
k’ -: ew Ti i,I L and Colored Pai>er, Poat-oflico
SBKI New* Enveu|esand Wrapping Paper of all sizes; all
chased in imv 0,1 as ‘ aVura^*e terms as can be pur
. f <tr * n y oi lie above kinds of Paper, addressed to D.
At AM. . (TreasunM) or the undersigned, will meet with
prompt attention. 1 CURTIS, Svc’y.
1 SHIRTS.
TOHN M. D AVl** and JONES’ PATENT, acknowledg
r# ed to be superior■ style, finish and fit, to any in the
worm—a general varfj ty of plain, white and fancy, at
april b twit* . YVILLT*OUD & DANIEL’S.
VALUABLE J>ROPERTY FOR SALE,
IE subscriber for sale, upon such terms as will
* KITVIj2 s * r '-’ Vi. as to P r * C( * nd time of payment,
lus i EAJSTATiON, 11 miles irom Columbus, Ijing on the
Lumpkin road, and cwltidjng to the river: containing near
ly f.O acres, -bout 300 ■are* of which is cleared and in a fine
state of preparation. .Iso, lua COTTAGE MILL, 11 miles
from Columbus, on the *nag road, and a 700 acre tract adjoin
ing, 20ff of which is cle|,*i. The Cottage .Mill is well fitted
out lor making superiol'onr anu meal, as any in the State.
Also, his comfortable Fd! i.y RESIDENCE north of the
City, and Iff acres adjoil : Also, a Wood T.ot connected
w’ith tin* same, 3 miles it. Any person wishing to buy
the whole, or any part g iis property, will do well to call
and examine the same uelav, as it will probablv soon
find a purchaser. ■ N*
jimc4B—twtf 1 ‘?'<> k. THOMAS.
I.ASII|(Oa SAI.E.
ONK section of good i ■.], No. Hi, township 14, nuigo 2d,
in Russell county, Al will be sold on good terms. For
further particulars apply t*>. C. Battle, Eufaula. Ala., or
febß—w6m V M. BATTLE, La Grange, Ga.
WATCHESgTEWFLRY, &c.
<S& 9 **• & ‘'d'GKi ninpkin, Ga., keep constant
*-v on hand lor saiwa large assortment of superior
Jp jfotfoW and silver W;lhr, together with a splendid
ittkt-ltfslot of Jewelry of e\lTy description, which they offer
at very low prices, and warrant to be as represented.
june2o—tf
COTTON AND WOOLLEN FACTORY
r J’ , IIE Coweta Falls Manufi cturing Company at Columbus
X Ga., is regularly engage*’U the manufacture of % Osua
bttrgs, half pound to the yard % Osua burgs; Yarns from
•4 I*2: Cotton [sapping and lotting, for Quilts and Mnttrassos;
Jr. heavy (col’d.) Linseys of ‘Georgia and Alabama Wool;
do.; Wool Rolls; Double and single Cotton Mattrasses;
They also manufacture Customers’ Wool into rolls and
Linseys. They are preparing to manufacture Cotton Stripes
of various patterns, and a go >d article of Woollen Jeans,
suitable for gentlemen’s clothing The goods made w ithin
the last Off days, are far supera r to anv ever turned out hv
this Mill—audit is the designed* tig; Proprietors to keep them
up to the present standard.
53 s "Less than a bale (fiffO y.toUv tiicltiding all at any one
purchase, cannot be sold at flu factory
5 0,000 Pounds Wool Wanted, for Cash, at
market prices, or in exchange for Goods.
O^"A11 orders will be protrip? 1 v attended to. Address,
“COWETA FALLS FACTORY,”
may22—wtf Columbus, Ga.
C. & E. S. KERIIISON & CO.,
DIRECT IMPORTERS OF FOREIGN
DRY GOODS,
Charleston, SoiUh Carolina,
\ A r OULD respectfully inform t n : r friends and those who
t \ purchase Dry Goods in th ; * city, that they are prepared,
and are offering a very large and Wt I aaSorted stock of For- 1
eign and Domestic, Staple and Faimv Dry Goods—selected
fr and particularly adapted to the Southern Trade.
linporiiug direct, they feel assure/ of being able to sell
Goods as low* in Charleston, as t hoy can be bought in any
other market in the United Scales. \
They would call particular attention 1o LINEN GOODS of
every description: the manufacture wiil be found of the best
finish, and perfectly free fro® any milture of Cotton. Also,
to their stock of DRESS GOODS. wAich will be found sec
ond to none in the market. Terms, cakh oi city acceptances.
C. & E. S. KERR ISON, Ac No. 209 King,
fohfcr—w Act .wtf mid N. YV. cor. of King & Market sts.
To th 3 Creditors of the Bank of Darien.
Central Bank of Georgia, )
MiHedgev ilk*, May 10, 1851. j
r |MIE General Assembly having passed nil Act, approved
1 February 22d. 1850, in which it is c meted “that the Di
rector ot’ the Cent n't Bank be aiid he is hereby required to
enquire into the outstanding claims” auainst the Bank of
Darien, “and ascertain and report on w hat terms they can be
compromised, compounded or settled.”—And inasmuch as
some of those claims are unknown to this Bank—
Notice is hereby given to all and singul; r the creditors of
the Bank of Darien, :o report their claims to this Institution,
together w ith the terms on which they can he “coinpromis,
ed, compounded or settled,” on or before the Ist of August
next, in order that the report required by Erie act aforesaid
may be submitted to the next Legislaturc|,<i
Bv order of the Diree’4 \
ni:iv2o—wilt * ,\. M. Kv T-T. Cashier.
CLOTHS.
I > LACK, brown, ;rreen. drab, olivb a id olive brown,
>!)ro;r.:e *t’oi*e, bronze muse, and an.et e — French and
English—to be found by the yard, readymade, or made to
order, it\ the most elegant and fashionab e style, and w ar
ranted t< please all, at
aprilti—tw ts WILLI FOR 1) & I)AN1 EJ
SADDLES.
SPANISH, Mexican, and Americm SaddleA of all styles,
ladies*’ hog-skin, plush and patent toathcr Saddles, Bri
dles and Martingales, sold low for cash or approved credit.
juuc2o W’AI K CO.'S,
East side Broad st.. Sign of e<> ikin Saddle
SELLING OFF AT COS I; !
DRY GOODS AND CLOTHING!
AT E. & 11. MF.NDHEI.M’S UPPER STt.KF,-
OSK DOOR ABIIVK CARTER’S DRIT, STOjtK.
VS we are u vsiroit of closing Ibis establishmi'iit, in con
sequence of the untenable condition of the Sjore, we of
fer the entire Stock of
Heady-made Clothing, Hats, Oapsj “Boots,
Slices, Linen-bosom Shirts, l nder
Shirts, Drawers, —
and numerous other articles generally kept in at Clothing
Store. AT N EW-YORK COST!—And as some of tlie Goods
were damaged by the heavy rain on the ITUi inst., Kve win.
ski.ltiiem acti alia’ LESS THAN COST ! anti tiolmistakv.
Wo call the attention of the public lo this rare change to buy
cheap and fashionable Clothing, most of them hading oniv
been made up last spring, and of the latest styles.! Please
call as eaily as possible, as we are determined to close this
Store bv tlie Ist of August next. I
Cir-Don’t forget the Store -it is next door abov c 'r. fil
ter’s Drug Store. june2a—tkvllh
BKO'KLYJi WHITE I.E AD. |
t LOT of', .s superior lend for sale ly GKSNEH 4IPKA-
J\ BODY— Also, I’iiinls, Oils and Dye Stuffs of ev.Tv u
iety. jun. ■-‘ttl-tf
CANVASS HATS. 1
\ \” \TF.R Proof Canvass Ilals, suitable for Piantafonl use,
\ \ being cheaper and more durable than wool— ust re
ceived a few dozen assorted sizes. \
febti-w&lwtf HR*>KAW, CLEMONS & C 4).
HOSIERY.
I AD'FS’ Piain Open Work and Embroidered White qdk
1 a llosc ‘ Plain “iaek iloso; Plain and Open Work Linen
and Lisle Thread ; Super English black, white and Inidde
colored Cotton: slid Misses’black, white and fancy C'rl"f'l
FiHisrt Hose Mso, a large !t of gentlemen wild bots
and fanev colored English Halt Dose-just ved
J’y • BIIOK.-UV, CLEMONS & -Vo.
WHITE LINENS. \
A itk have now on hand a!I the different Nos. of AouP . s
\ > celebrated Irish Linens, undressed, mid wanpmtt t. ill
Flax. For durabilitv, these Linens are unrivaled. \
feliG—wtf BROKAVX, CLEMONS & Cth.
LACES AND EMBROIDERIES. (
MV LINE and Lmis Najsdeon I.aees, 'a|>es, Paris womt
e,t Collars and t ‘ulK I .ace Under Sleeves, Jaconet atbd
iss UuftU-s.Tl.read and Valenciennes la.ces-just receiv. xt
b) febß-w&tw.f BROKAVV, CLEMONS & CO.
Ultl'tiS A.\D MKDICISES.
riAHF. subscribers beg leave resy>eetfullv to call
I attention ot Physicians and Planters to tneir spring
aum.lv of SELECT 41 ELKIN ES, all ot winch arc- res..
and Os the purest quality.-Such
been pnrchaAsi on .he lowest terms, and e toll turmsti
them at reaMMinble amt saiistactory pricos.
COUNTRY PIIVSH EANS will have their orders rules,
with .be la-st Medicines promptly-which , ’ .Jf, P* P I
nc'il iv ‘Old socuroiv packed. Sudi Ulieiimals v\ iji 1)C man
idacturcd tooniur Ac
juno-iiO—tf Druggists At Chemists.
Tls OLD RAGS WANTED !
T* BE Rook Island P’actory will pay. 4 wl*
clean Cotton and l.ineii Rags, w hen delivered in <l’‘“"|*
ties <>f lot. Itis. or more, or 3 V cents when delivered m . matt
er oumiiiiics. at tlieir Store iu Columbus, or. at the Jactory •
Woollens, worsted, rope and bagging nut
Columbus, July 7-ls : ‘ £ ~
Gin Banda and Machinery Belting,
TAT. stretched Belting, best quality, from one to founeen
1 inches wide ;Rnbbt* Belting, from oiie to fowtewowe -
es wide; Vulcanized Rubber lacking, irorp one-eifen
six-eighths thick; for sale low for cash n 1
at june'Jo East side Broad st. Sign of Golden Saddle.
HOSIERY;
I A DIES’ plain, open work ahd embroidered white silk
,/IloseCmaiii black Hose; plain and open work brren
j , -rtireud • super English black, white and mode
coh'red m.dTL-s- black, wbilSarul tocyeotajed
sunerb English Hose. Also, a large lot of gents iuid bora
brown and fancy colored English hall Hose—just received
bV fcb g_w&twtf BROKAW, CLEMONS fc CO.
Notice.
4 1 I persons are notified that as the Agent and Attorney
“ 10 ,be utk ”™TvksoN.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA,
MIZPAH.
“ The I>ord watch between me and thee, when we
are absent one from another.”—Gen. 31,49.
When friend from friend is parting.
And in each speaking eye
The silent tears are starting,
To teil what words deny ;
How could we bear the heavy load
Os such heart-agony,
Could we not cast it all, our God,
Our gracious God, on thee ?
And feel that thou kind watcli will keep,
When we are far away;
That thou wilt soothe us when we weep,
And hear us when we pray.
Yet oft these hearts will whisper,
That better ‘twould betide,
If we were near the friends we love,
And watching by their side;
But sure thou’lt love them dearer. Lord,
For trusting thee alone;
And sure thou wilt draw nearer. Lord,
The farther we have gone.
Then why be sad ? since thou wilt keep
Watch o’er them day by day;
Since thou wilt soothe them when they weep.
And hear us when we pray.
O, for that, bright and happy land,
Where, far amid the blest,
“ The wicked cease iron) troubling, and
The weary are at rest.”
Where friends are never parted,
Once met around thy throne;
And none are broken hearted,
Since all, with thee, are one.
Yet, O, till then, watch o’er us keep,
W hile far from thee away ;
And soothe us, Ird, oft as we weep,
And hear us when we pray.
US’” The married ladies of Fair mount, N. J.
have organized themselves into an independent
Order of Odd Ladies, in order to be revenged
upon their Odd Fellows’ husbands. The lodge !
is kept open half an hour longer at night than
the Odd Fellows.
Doctors.— According to the Medical Times,
there are in London 2.574 doctors of medicine,
187 surgeons. 52 hommpatliists. This gives
about one doctor of medicine to 91 4 inhabitants,
and one surgeon to 12.(>37 of the population. —
Os the doctors ot medicine, 64G are authors.
J-gT’Bell's Life in London recently’ stated that
a lady had lost no less than £20.000 at the races.
The Limerick Chronicle says the lady is the on
ly daughter of the poet Lord Byron—“ Ada, sole
daughter of my house and heart.”
What is called the “new costume”
of women, namely, the wearing of short
skirts and pantaloons, has the less chance
of success, that its origin isnotinthatquar
ter which gives the law to fashion. But
there is another invasion of theperogative
of male attire which is decidedly fashion
able, and which will as it dates from Paris
doubtless, like other fashions, have its
day. The Paris correspondent of an En
glish Journal in an article devoted to the
latest modes, says.
“But now we come to a grand innova
tion, already sanctioned by the Queens, [
mean the presidentesses, of fashion. With
your permission, we have seen, with our
own eyes, waistcoats, real waistcoats,
copied, or very nearly so from that part
of masculine habiliment. Sleeves with
an elbow and criafF, lappels of various
shapes, a little collar turning down and
separated from the lapel by r a small notch,
the breasts having a row of button-holes
and fancy gold buttons, such is the style;
the material is either drill, quilting or
nankeen. Nothing agrees better with
this waistcoat than a skirt of poplin, plain
silk or printed silk. Thanks to this coup
d’etat on the part of fashion, the equilli
brum is henceforth established between
the sexes; men and women are equal, at
least so far as the waiscoat is concerned.
Ex- Pounding the Constitute n. —Tiio
right of petition—The right to abuse and
endanger halfthe Statesoftlie Union.
The power to admit a State—The power
to exclude halfthe Statesoftlie Union from
all share of a common territory.
Compromise—The vote of a majority to
take all.
Faithful execution of the laws—The con
quest and subjugation of sovereign States
to the unlimited control ot their equals.
The glorious Union—A government of
a majority without limitation of power.
The right of revolution —The right of
committing treason, and of being hanged
for it, if caught.
The resolution of’9B—The right of pas
sing resolutions, and backing out from
them.
The love of Union —The lust for mon
opolizing its purse and its conquests. —
Sowthern Press.
o^7= Extract from a private letter dated
Augusta, Geo., July 12th, 1851.
“I feel in high spirits about our triend
Chas. J. McDonald. Through all of the
country that I have passed, I lind a gener
al feeling in favor of McDonald ; even in
old Montgomery, Ifound five Whigs at
one house that were for Jackson and
M, Donald. Our folks are in high spirits
in thiscounty, and I have met a number
from Middle Georgia and from Cherokee,
and they are all in much belter spirits than
they were even two wevks since. —Albany
Patriot.
The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania of
the Order of Odd Fellows, has now under
its jurisdiction about 430 lodges, number
ing about 43,000 members. The increase
of members during the past year has been
about 5000. The present annual session
of the Grand Lodge will most probaly end
to-day.
The 801 l Worm.—The Concordia (Lou)
Intelligencer, of Saturday. 12th inst, says;
“This destructive worm, In an army of
countless millions, is now at workormany
plantations in our parish. Where the host
comes, a sad change in the color and gen
eral aspect of the field is immediately vis
ble. No one can mistake the path of the
devastator”
K3g“ Oil Thursday last we were visited with
a very heavy hail-storm—accompanied with a
considerable fall of rain though not enough to be
ofmaterial service to the. crops. The hail-stones
were the size of partridge eggs, and much injury
to the corn and cotton in this section.—Ca-ssi ille
Standard 11th ins/.
The Prospect in Dooly County.— We
are frequently gratified, and stimulatedin
the’performance of our duties by words
ot encouragement and an exhibition es
interest in the cause in which we are en
gaged, such as the following which we ex
tract from a private letter writien by a
friend in Dooly county, dated July 10.—
Albany Patriot.
Dear Sir I learn from your excellent
paper that you are ably and warmly sup
porting the cause of the South and Demo
cratic principles. The course you are
pursuing meets my humble approbation
and I will rendeT you all the assistance
I can in the circulation ot your paper and
procuring subscribers to the same. In
this county, I have no doubt our honora
ble candidate for Governor, McDonald,
will get the full Democratic majority of
200, and many whig votes. Such an im
position as Cobb is really indigestible by
all true and honorable men.
Five Good Rules.— Cold bathing, pure wa
ter, plain diet a clear conscience, and a clean
shirt are indispensable to health and happiness.
“THK UNION OF TH K STATES AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.”
WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 23, 1851.
THE FORCE DOCTRINE.
THK RESULTS OF THE PENDING ELECTIONS IN THE
SOUTHERN STATES.
It is but a little while ago that we drew attention to
Mr. Webster’s speeches at the North, oil the sub
ject of Southern relations to the Federal Government
—end pointed to them as the authoritative givings
out ofthe Administration. Mr. Fillmore had said to
the people in his travels, “my Secretary will follow
ine and wiil speak for me.” We then exhibited Mr.
Webster as holding out that the union was a union
of consent and not of force. We found him going
so far as to speak of the Government as a “compact”
between States—a good State Rights word that Mr.
Webster had never before admitted into his Federal
vocabulary. At Capon Springs, Virginia, he used the
following language:
•‘The question, at this time, is the Union, and how to pre
serve its blessinqs for the present and for all time to come.
To preserve that Union we must observe, in good faith, the
Constitution and all its parts, if that Constitution be not
observed and its provisions set aside, the whole of it ceases
to be binding. It would be absurd to suppose that either
the North or the South has the power or the right to violate
any part of that Constitution, and then claim from the other
observance of its provisions. [Applause.] If the South
were to violate any part of die Constitution, would the
North beany longer bound by it? and if the Norih
were deliberately to violate any part of it, would
the South be bound any longer to observe its obliga
tions ? Ilow absurd it would be to suppose when dif
ferent parties enter into a compact for certain purpo
ses, that either can disregard any one provision and ex
pect the. other to observe it! I intend to observe and main
tain and carry out, to its fullest extent, the Constitution of
the United .States which I have sworn to support. [Cheers.]
It is written in the Constitution that persons bound to labor
or service Jn one Slate, escaping into another, shall not be
disctiarged from such labor or service because of the laws
ofthe State into which they may escape. That is as much
a part ofthe Constitution as any other, and as equally bind
ing and obligatory as any other. [Applause.] And who
denies this? No one but the abolitionists of the North. And,
pray, what is it they will not deny? [Creat Applause.] They
have hut the one idoa; and it would seem that these fanat
ics at the North, and the secessionists of the South, are put
ting their heads together to try and devise some means to
defeat the good designs of honest and patriotic men. [Ap
plause.] After some other remarks Mr. \V. proceeded; I
do not hesitate to say, and repeal, that if the Northern States
refuse, wilfully and deliberately ts carry into effect that, or
any other part of the Constitution, the South would no long
er be hound by the compact. (Immense applause.) A bar
gain broken on one side, is broken on all sides. I say to
yon. gentlemen in v irgmia, as i aiu -n Ihr borders of Lake
Erie, and in the city of Boston, and as I wn. 5.., i tl j n ||, U
city of Boston, if I am spared to have an opportunity—v
plau.se)—that you of the South have as much right to recov
er your fugitive slaves, as the North lias to any of its rights
and privileges of navigation and commerce.”
Strange talk this, for the Federal “ expounder of
the Constitution.”
We contrasted these doctrines of Fillmore and
Webster with those ofthe Federal can lidate for Gov
ernor of Georgia, and showed Mr Cobb, going ahead,
in his expositions of Constitutional polities, of his new
Federal tutors at Washington. And we then asked,
how long Webster and Fillmore would find it neces
sary to hold to these doctrines, after they found
Messrs. Cobb and Foote successfully maintaining
consolidation principles before the people of Georgia
and Mississippi. Who could doubt that Daniel Web
ster had a powerful motive for modifying those high
toned doctrines which have, during his long life, dis
tinguished him as the great exponent of the political
school of Alexander Hamilton? And where was ij
more easy to find a solution of the motive than in the
belief that the South would make common .Cause
with any Southern State subjected to the strong arm
of the General Government. But remove that ap
prehension and Mr. Webster and Mr. Fillmore would
be too happy to return to their force doctrines, and
put them in bloody exercise.
Mr. Webster has already exhibited a disposition to
take this “back track.” He is evidently halting be
tween two opinions, for on the same day that he
made the speech in Virginia, from which the forego
ing extract is taken,! he made a second speech in
which he foreshadowed with great clearness the farce
policy :
“I lmikc no arguments (said Mr. Webster) against resolu
tions, conventions, secession speeches, or proclamations.'—
Let these things go on. The whole matter it is to be hoped,
will blow over, and men will return to a sounder mode of
thinking. But one tiling, gentlemen, be assured of—the first
step taken in the programme of secession which shall be an
actual infringement of the Constitution or the laws, will be
promptly met. [Great applause.] And I would not remain
an hour in any administration that should not immediately
meet any such violation of the Constitution and the Law ef
fectually, and at once. [Prolonged applause.[ -;:h1 | can
assure you, gentlemen, that all with whom I am at present
associated in the government, entertain the same decided pur
pose. [Reuewed applause, with cheers.[”
Without stopping to enquire of what breed were
those Virginians who applauded such a sentiment;
the enquiry pertinent to the canvass in Georgia is
this—Wliat effect will the election of Howell Cobb
have on the course of the Administration in refer
ence to it State, that, it is now quite certain has resolved
to leave the union ? If the people of Georgia endorse
Howell Cobb, uttering the sentiments that lie does
from tlie stump, it is clear that the administration
will feci encouraged and justilied to carry out its
Federal force principles, and we shall have war on
our borders, and civil war within our borders. The
very first step to follow on a practical negation of the
Sovereignty of a State , is war. Secession is but
a corollary to State Sovereignty. If a State is sov
ereign, of coarse it has a right to secede from the
un'on and to perform any other political act that com
ports with its sovereign will and pleasure. To deny
the right of secession is to deny the sovereignty and
independence of tlie States. Now there is a large,
active, able and ardent party in the South, who sol
emnly believe, that their liberties, property, political
and social rights are indissolubly bound up iu the re
cognition of the Sovereignty of the Slates. They
believe that to yield that true principle and theory
of the Government, is to surrender at discretion to
Abolitionism ; and that to wipe out State lines is to
wipe out State institutions and State liberties. This
party will never submit to it. And just so sure as
the Federal armies are turned against any Southern
State, just so sure will thousands upon thousands of
this party, take up arms in the quarrel, feeling full
well that “the argument is exhausted.” The only
escape from civil war is in the discretion of the Fed
eral Government- It is for the people of Georgia
and Alabama, and Mississippi to determine how that
discretion will be best operated on—whether by elect
ing union men avowing principles in consonance
with the force doctrines of the Administration, or by
electing State Rights men who assert the Sovereign
ty of the States, and utterly deny the right of the
Federal Government to combat that Sovereignty
with powder and bait
Alabama.— The Montgomery Advertiser and Ga
zette of Saturday sax’s: “Our accounts from all quar
ters are cheering in the extreme. An esteemed friend
writes us from Clayton, (Barbour county,) “The Gi
a shut as is loose down here, and the subs are scam
pering in every direction. They feel the earth giv
ing way beneath them. * ** The course
of Hilliard <fc Cos. will do os good.”
Elections next Month.— Nine of the States of
the Union hold their elections next month. Seven
on the 4th of August, two on the 7th. Kentucky,
Indiana, Alabama, Arkansas, North Carolina and
Tennessee, choose members of Congress as well as
State officers; Missouri, Illinois and lowa choose lo
cal only.
RENA: OR, THE SNOWBIRD.
BY MRS. C. LEE HENTZ.
We are indebted to the politeness of the accom
plished author for a copy of this charming story.—
Mrs. HtNTZ had already established for herself a
reputation of a very high order among the living
| writers of America, in the departments of literature
which she has chosen as her walks—poetry and ro
mance.
The little book before us adds a fresh leaf to the
[ chaplet of her fome. It is a story of real life, and
! most “life-like” are the characters of the story.—
Rena, the “sprite, gipsey, Snowbird,” is a truly beau
tiful ideal creation. If she is not a child of the im
agination gloriously embodied in prose, and made to
stand out in all the bold-outline of seeming reality,
under the graphic touches of the pen of genius—if
she is not only a “beau ideal”—but a reality—a liv
ing entity, who has sat in propria persona as the sub
ject of the author’s limning, then has Mrs. Ilentz had
tile happiness to know one of the most lovely of her
sex. A fairy yid a woman combine)]—spirit, genius
and the noble aspirations of a pure soul, united to
the glowing passions, the deep love and true devotion
of a true woman. Sueli is Rena. We seem to
know her. We can see her flying like a vision of
the night on her flashing skates, over a wide field of
icc, bathed in the sparkling radiance of a Northern
winter’s moon—a night when winter holds her court
and all nature is arrayed in diamonds of Frost, rival
ling in splendor the brilliants of the firmament above.
With her head wrapped in the scarlet mantle, her
eyes flashing with excitement, and cheeks glowing
with exercise—away she skims, like a bird, in free,
innocent happy childhood.
Rena is a kind of Die Vernon, in her out-door
sports. We have seen her in the snow. We will
let the author present her in a summer scene :
She had been climbing; up a long hill, and the silky hair
of her palfrey was inoist with perspiration.
“I must not weary you, beautiful creature!” said she, ri
ding under the shade of a tree, that bent down over the cor
ner of the fence, where the roads crossed each other, “you
shall find me a gentle, loving mistress, and we will share to
gether the sunshine and shade.”
The coolness and repose of the shadow was as grateful to
her as the animal, for the sultry summer glowed on her
cheek, and moistened the locks that shaded her brow.
Dropping the bridle oil the nock of the gentle creature, that
bent its held to crop the rich grass under its feet, she took
oiTlier plumed riding cap and put it on the pummel of the
saddle; then shaking her hair loose from the comb that con”
fined it, and suffering the air that came cool and fresh over
the hill-tops to play among her tresses, she sat perfectly still,
drinking in the wild inspiration of the scene. It happened
that another equestrian, just at this time, was slowly saunter
ing along the crossing road, slackening his pace, from the
same cause which induced her to rest beneath the shade.
The trees formed a hedge all along his way, opening and ma
king a vista at the corner. Through that vista he carelessly
glanced at llrst, then reining in his horse, drew back a littlo
” -tlier undcrthe shelter of the boughs, and beheld, himself
unseen, t*4- :;n”ng Diana, in her attitude of graceful repose
Rena’s own mother hau 1 bestowed much thought on
her dress, giving to Henry’s the a. y o n that should have
been divided between them; but her step-muq ier w ho was
a woman of great taste, fitted up tier wardrobe v jth a liberal
li uid. Knowing her fondness for riding, she hau y iv e r her
just before she left home, a beautiful riding dress, t he’
most costly materials, but of graceful fashion and becom;..*
hue. It was fortunate for Rena that Sherwood Lindsey
should see her each time after an absence of years, under
circumstances of peculiar personal advantage. The deep
blue colour of her long, flowing skirt was brought out bright
ly and richly by the snowy whiteness of the horse, and the
little straw-hat, shaded by blue feathers (Rena always had a
passion for straw-hats), looked as if it could belong to no oili
er bead than hers. The glowing brightness of her complex
ion, the flowing wildness of her hair, the animated expres
sion of her countenance, and the deep repose other altitude,
formed a picture which a painter might have studied with
(he enthusiasm of his art. Add to these the beautiful sur
roundings, the canopy of leaves above, whose light festoons
mingled with her loosened locks; the green carpet beneath,
on which the fetlocks of the palfrey fell like flakes of snow ;
and high above all (lie glorious ampitlieatre of heaven—it is
not strange that Sherwood, though no painter, should have
transferred the picture so faithfully lo the tablet of Ills fancy,
that it remained there ever afterwards. There is no know
ing how long he would have remained gazing through the
vista, had he not seen symptoms of a removal on her part.
First, she gathered up her long dark luiir, and fastening it
with the comb she had hung on a little bough overhead, put
on the picturesque little page-hat, took the bridle in one
hand, and caressed with the other the mane that flowed be
neath. Just as she was about to start anew, he rode rapidly
round the corner, and lifting his hat from his head, came di
rectly to the spot where she was.
“Rena—wild gipsy still!” cried he, bending from the sad
dle to catch the hand she eagerly extended. “When did you
light upon these regions?”
The other pronvnent .characters of the story aro
Col. Fay, Rena’s father, a sturdy fanner with hard
hand and cultivated mind; Herheiit Lindsey, a
statesman whose character is as dark as his features,
while both are lighted up with a daring spirit and
brilliant intellect; “Aunt Debby,” an original, and
Sherwood the hero. They are drawn with force and
individuality. The plot is arranged with skill, and
the incidents, several of which are tragic, are effec
tively sustained.
The book was published in Philadelphia and eon
tains a few errors in typography, for which the author
is not responsible, as she did not see the proof sheets.
. It is, on the whole, a delightful little story, con
taining as it does, touches of nature and genuine feel
ing in fine contrast to the vapid sentimentality of the
trashy tales with which the Northern press teems.
We advise our romance readers to get it. We be
lie rr (we have no reason to know it) that our book
sellers have it for sale.
COMMUNICATIONS.
[For the Times.]
Mi . Editor : —The Columbus Enquirer of the 15th
inst. makes the following declaration :
“This right (secession) Mr. Cobb admitted, and in ex
press terms avowed that when a State in its sovereign ca
pacity and by its regular constituted and constitutional
agents look its course, that the Federal Government had no
legal or constitutional authority to control such State by
force.”
Now lam certain that Mr. Cobb admitted nosueli
thing, in his speech of the 9th of July. If any reader
of the Enquirer lias confidence in its assertion upon
that subject, liecan whi §IOO front me, and we will
leave it to Mr. Cobb. he money is ready at the
Times Office. J.
[For tbo Times.
To the Editor of the Enquirer :
111 your last number, (July loth) in an arti
cle headed “ Home Affairs” iu speaking of
Georgia had done, I find the following: “In short
she Ibis saved the South from degradation, and the
whole country from the horrors of civil war, relent
less anarchy and fraternal blood.”
In another column in an article headed “The Hon.
Howell Cobb,” 1 find the following: ‘This right (se
cession) Mr. Cobb admitted, and in express terms
avowed, that when a Slate in its sovereign capacity
and by its regular constituted and constitutional
agents took its course, that the Federal Government
hail no legal or constitutional authority to control
by such State force.”
Now will you lie so kind as to inform your readers
how Georgia saved the South from all the horrors of
civil war, if a State has the undoubted right to se
cede whenever site sees proper. Do you or any man
with as much sense as a young swallow, suppose that
the seceding State is going to wage war on the bal
ance of the Union; and yon say that the balance
have no right to wage war on her. I suspect that
you have become so accustomed to writing about civij
war, traitors, bloodshed, &c., that you think you can
not get up a political article without it, and a small
share of abuse of South Carolina, as if Carolina was
responsible for her acts to Georgia, and the Colum
bus Enquirer in particular. GEORGIA.
[For the Times.]
Cuthbert July 13, 1851.
Mr. Editor : I am not in the habit of writing
for newspaper publication, but permit me to
give you a short history of the meeting which
came off at Cuthbert on the 12th inst. The ar
rival ot Mr. Cobb, was not hailed with much en
thusiasm.
Appearances that morning gave tokens of a
showery day which probably caused so very
small an assemblage, a respectable number
TUESDAY, JULY 29, 1851.
of whom were for McDonald and Southern
Rights. About 11 o’clock, Mr. Cobb accom
panied by a committee, repaired to a small bush
arbor about two hundred yards north of the
court-house, and on mounting the rostrum he
was introduced to the audience by Win, Taylor
Esq., who with a pompous air and wave of the
hat, called for six cheers for Howell Cobb, and
made a tremendous effort of the lungs, which
was responded to by about a dozen, who are al
ways ready—on such occasions—to do homage
to their leaders. On the second effort, the strong
tempestuous voice of the Judge, and that of one
other devotee, was audibly to be heard—like the
sound of the horseman’s bugle—over the weak,
but modest response of a few others; and, at the
third and last effort, the cheering could not be
distinguished from laughter. Even men of char
acteristic sedateness, were constrained to laugh
at the great failure to produce excitement, Mr.
Cobb addressed the meeting about two hours,
with marked attention by the audience, as all
! seemed willing to give him a patient hearing.—
His speech conveyed the impression that lie was
laboring under a guilty conscience. He said he
had been denominated a traitor to the rights of
the South, for placing freesoilers on committees,
and voting for the Wilinot proviso, and exertim*
his influence for the Clay compromise.
He declared that he gave all the measures of
that compromise his hearty approval—admitted
there were a few irregularities in respect to the
admission of California, but did not explain what
they were. He averred that those measures ta
ken together, was as good an adjustment as the
South could or ought to require—that the For.
syths, the Troups and the Wildes, had labored
long in vain, to obtain such bills for the South
ern people. If suppressing the truth is equiva
lent to falsehood, Mr. Gobi) is certainly guilty a
to the objectionable parts of those abominable
bills which he did not mention, but was tedious
in explaining their unimportant features. As to
the abolition of the slave trade in the District of
Columbia, be emphatically declared it was no
other than the same law which had a place on
the statute books of Georgia, twenty years.—
He said nothing of the penalty oft hat law, which
declares the slave free, if offered for sale. A man
who would have voted for that bill ten years
ago, would have been called an abolitionist; and
I hose who do not change with the vicissitudes
of party organizations, are yet ofthe same Opin
ion. He explained the features qf the fugitive
nUvo Liu, t length.
Some of his friends say *t the reason why
he did not make a full and fair*Trpiau..u on Nvas
j because lie did not have sufficient lime ; —otfn. •
j say that he knew the people were generally in
| formed on these subjects; and, it is to be hoped
I that they are too well informed to be duped by
j Mr. Cobb’s manner of justifying his political
i tricks, or to be caught in his federal net. When
j answering the questions whether a State, in or
! der to protect the property of her citizens, had
i a right, by virtue of her sovereignty, to with
draw from the Union, and if elected governor
would he aid, with the militia of Georgia, in co
ercing a seceding State into submission, he said
it was not the proper time to answer such ques
tions, —that when such events happen, it would
be the time to ask ami answer such questions;
but that lie never had been able to find any right
I for secession, but admitted the rtaht of revolu
non.
If the States which were declared sovereign
and independent, have delegated all powers of
redress and self-protection, to the General Gov
ernment—except the right which the negroes of
St. Domingo excreised—l must confess that em
inent statesmen, of all parties, have long been ig
norant of the. principles of our government. Mr.
Cobh compares secession, under any circumstan
ces, to rebellion; end emphatically said this was
n government of force — having the power to sup
press acts of rebellion—but, he said, he would
go with the people into revolution, when it be
comes necessary. And I have no doubt but he
will, when that current becomes sufficiently
strong for him to float upon it. But if lie con
tributes, by his influence, to divest the people of
every right,—except a rebellious or treasonable
one—that will be a dangerous alternative to re
sort to, after the rights and sovereignty of the
States are surrendered to the control of one cen.
tral head, after the manner of England or Rus
sia.
The Soul hern Rights party are not for seces
sion, so long as their rights will he protected in
flic fill ion—hut their object is to perpetuate a
Republican form of government, with limited
powers, affording equal protection to all its parts
and held together by the voluntary consent oj
the States as first created—and not by force of
arms, as recommended by Mr. Cobh.
Prohibiting a State the right peaceably to se
cede, when it becomes necessary to protect her
institutions, is establishing the strongest federal
system. Mr. Cobb says this is not the proper
time to answer such questions; but the people
have a right to know whether they are support
ing a State Rights Republican, or a Federal con
solidatiouist, lor Governor.
Tours Respectfully,
RANDOLPH.
Col Henry L Benning.-- It will be
seen by the proceedings of the Conven
tion, which we publish this week, that
Col. HenryL Benning of Muscogee was
unanimously’ nominated as tho candidate
ot the Democratic Republican and South
ern Rights parties, tor this Congressional
District.
Col. Benning. though a young man, is
one of the most talented, honest, and tear
less defenders of true republican princi
ples, in the State. He is an unflinching
advocate of a strict construction of the
Constitution and of the sovereignty and
rights of the States. He is opposed to a
dissolution of the Union except as a last
resort for the preservation of our rights,
and he is in favor of employingevery con
stitutional means which the States may
exercise in the Union, for the protection of
our rights and the preservation of the Un
ion. In these respects the resolutions
adopted by the Convention express his
views.
Col. Benning will address his fellow
eitizens in every part of the district, and
will be ready to meet all opposition ; and
we will engage that he will not like Mr.
Cobb, object to the people hearing both
sides.— Albany Patriot.
OCr The hope expressed by Commo
dore Stockton ou the 4th of July at Eliza
bethtown, that, in case of a dissolution of
the Union, New Jersey would ally herself
with the Southern States; has met with a
cordial response from several of the Dem
ocratic press of New Jersey. He knows
well that if the Northern States will not ad
here to the terms of the present compact
with the other States, they cannot be trust
ed in any future compact. — JV Carolina Pa
I* r -
Detroit, July 10,
James Strong and his Beaver Island confeder
ates hive been acquitted of of re’oi
bing the U. S. Mail. 0
| NUMBER 32.
LETTER FROM GEORGE M. TROUP,
TO MAJ. JOHN H. HOWARD,
On the Rights of the States and the
Origin arp Powers of the Federal
Government.
Washington, 10th February, 1833
My Dear Sir. Knowing that you wish to
possess my views of the present state of affairs
and of the. measures connected with them, 1 sit
down to their exposition, with the conviction,
that whether they happen to lie in accordance
with your own or not, they will receive a kind
and hospitable treatment, more than proportion
ed to theirdeserts; and if valueless, be dismissed
with the generosity and urbanity so cogcnial to
your nature; otherwise, it may be a little legacy
to your son, my namesake, who, if he inherit
the patriotism-of the father, and virtues of the
mother, may find them useful to him. in sus
taining in many an hour of trial, as we have
done the rights of Iho States, against a very
strong government created by the States, now
threatening, by a most unnatural action, to crip
ple, to humble, and finally to destroy its creator
which in the natural and healthful action of the
system, would be also its preserver.
I am not certain that you are aware of my
early and uniform disrelish of the doctrine of
Nullification, as maintained by the ruling party
in a sister State. My objections to that doc
trine were unconnected with party of any kind
and were founded on the difficulty of reconcil
ing the peaeefullness and constitutionality
which it asserted with that powerful remedial
process, by which the wheels of the Federal
Government would he stopped, ns well as that
resort to construction (the old Federal sin.) by
which alone the doctrine could be maintained
which has involved us in all our troubles, and
which is equally good at any time to establish
a veto against the General Government, a pow
er to protect manufacturers, or a power to do
anything a majority in Congress pleases. It
was easy to perceive, that such a remedy might,
by possibility he peaceful, that depending on
the other party, hut not certainly peaceful. It
was more difficult to see how it could he consti
tutional, because as no power was given by the
Constitution to the States to resist the laws of
the United States, none such could be derived
by implication or construction ;* the derivation
of remedies or powers by construction being
according to the republican doctrines, inadmis
sable. Indeed no Constitution would authorize
resistance to the laws, without defining explic
itly how, in what manner and by whom such
resistance could be lawfully made. It is assu
med therefore, that the laws-must he executed ;
and at all events, according to the stipulations
of the Federal Compact. But who, in the last
resort, are the judges of these stipulations?
None are created by the compact, other than the
Courts of the United States. The jurisdiction
of tiie Courts of the United States, must he
confined to judicial cases, to the exclusion of
political questions between sovereigns; and so
far the Courts of the United States have para
mount jurisdiction. The “controversies be
tween two or more States,” mean only such
judicial questions as are presented by “cases in
law or equity,” to which their jurisdiction is lim
ited by the Constitution. Political controversies
oi v’“stions between governments, could not
have been : tended, they not admitting the in
terpretation of eas,. i n law or equity; much
less could political cm.L-oversies between the
States and Federal Governnie..* i litve been j n _
tended, they not being recognized by *!,„ Con
stitution as parties in any cases. If therein..
in controversies between those parties no inde
pendent tribunal has been established for their
adjustment, we can have no alternative hut the
resort to one or both of the parties—if to one
which one?—if to both why? If the parties
were equal in all respects, reason would pre
scribe equal participation in the adjustment,
which would be an adjustment by negotiation.
If they were not equal, hut the one was in pow
er and authority superior to the other, the same
reason might claim for the superior party a par
ticipation in the adjustment, proportioned to that
superiority. Between the government of a
State and the government of the United States,
Ibis equality, as they both represent sovereigns,
must be admitted—No superiority can he claim
ed for the government of the United States, be
cause of its representation of more sovereigns
than one, as all their powers in mass, amount
only to the powers of the one sovereign.
Regarding the government of the United States,
therefore, apart from the Constitution, in the
light of any other independent government, the
equality between it and a State government, es
tablishes the right of equal participation in the
adjustment of any political controversy which
may arise between them. But, as between the
government of the United States and 1 lie sover
eignty of a “State, there can he no such
equality, the same sovereignty having created
both governments and standing in relation to
each other of creator and creature—hence the
right of a sovereign State to decide for itself,
without appeal: still it is among the most sacred
of its duties, to fulfil strictly, all its engagements,
especially its constitutional engagements they
being of the highest midmost solemn import,
not engagements to the government of the United
States, but to the other sovereign States. There
is no sovereignty in what is called the United
States—The United States is nothing but a
government or a confederacy, the style of which
is, “the United States;” and government accord
ing to our doctrine, is not sovereign, but it is
agent or agent of the sovereign. The sovereign
must he found in the States, that is, in the peo
ple of the States. It is in virtue of this sov-;
ereignty that the State government is formed
and it is in virtue of the same sovereignty that
the U. States government is formed. This sov
ereignty, wherever it exists, is omnipotent; it is
the same in one independent community as an
other, and is insusceptible of division, of in
crease, or dimunition: it can only he. destroyed
by destroying the community in which it exists.
Constitutions, and governments are emanations
from it, as light, from the sun, which parts
with it constantly without itself being impaired
or wasted, or weakened. Hence it is, that it
makes and unmakes at pleasure, and knows no
superior but Divinity, and no law hut the uni
versal law ordained by that Dininity, which is
the law of right and justice. According to our
theory and practice, the mode of action of this
sovereign, is to form Constitutions, which pre
scribe the rules for the conduct of the agent
or servant called the government. If the sov
ereign is dissatisfied either with the rule or with
the conduct of the agent, it can abolish or
change it at pleasure. It'it can abolish or change
the rule, it can destroy the agent, because the
rule is of higher power and authority. Admit
ting therefore, that a State may, at any time
destroy its own State Constitution, can a State
of its own pleasure, destroy the Constitution
of the United States? The same power which
created the one, has created the other—and
may it not, for causes, which shall seem good
to itself, change or destroy the one, as well as
the other? The answer is, No. Because oth
er States equally sovereign as itself, are equal
parties to it. But although a State may not
for this reason alter ordectroy the Constitution,
it may throw ®t off: it may release itself; it may
by its own volition, for justifiable causes, cease
to be a party to it. Are there no such good
and justifiable causes? Yes—There are such
as will justify tho breach of a compact between
sovereigns, by one of the parties to that com
pact; many of which causes are to be found in
that public, law which is the Divine lawwhieh is
the law of right and justice, and which being
the paramount law, is as controlling over com
pacts and Constitutions, as the the sovereign it
self. Let it not be said that the government
of the United States, formed by the compact, is
paramount, because it is a compound of all the
sovereignties of all the States! Sovereignty it
is repeated, admits of no degrees. It is the
same in a small State :ts in a great one; the
same in the State of Deleware or Rhode Island,
as in the greatest community. It is said that
the States have .parted with many of their sov
ereign powers, as the power to make war, the
power to make treaties, the power to regulate
foreign commerce, &c. &c. But this is a mis •
take, they have not parted with them; they
•What are called the reserved rights or powers in the Con
stitution, are very erroneously deemed to be the sovereign
power. They, on the contrary, are only those rights and pow
ers which arg usually exercised by governments, or enjoyed
by the people, and which have not been given to the Fede
ral Government. If they were construed to mean sovereign
power, then indeed it would follow, that a State had conce
ded a portion of its sovereignly to Urn Government of the U.
States, and retained only a portion for itself, which would, be
making that government when it is only servaSfr
Sovereignty protects both delegated and reserved power*,
but is ueither the one nor the other.
have merely authorised the common agent to
exercise them, tinder prescribed rules and limit
ations; the powers themselves residing in the
States, and inseparable from them as indepen
dent communities. It is true, the Constitution
speaks of powers granted and powers reserved;
hut this only means powers of the States to be
exercised by the goverrfment of the United
Slates; and powers of the States to he exercis
ed by the States. And with regard to tlie pow
ers prohibited to the General Government and
to the States, it is only a declaration by each
to the other States, that it will not exercise it
self, nor permit the exercise by the common
agent, ot such powers—the sovereignty still re
taining the unity and indivisibility dvltich are
essential to it, and which are “ndestrtfctib]e.
The fundamental error has been, to consider
the U. States as self existent, and independent
and sovereign, as a party to a compact between
sovereigns, and as capable of imparting as well
receiving, sovereign powers under stipulated
engagements; hut this error is dissipated
simply by asking what is the United States?
Territorially speaking, there is no such separate
and identical thing as the United States—
“ United States,”in the Preamble to the Consti
tution. means the thirteen sovereign and inde
pendent States, united for certain defined and
limited purposes therein expressed. The same
words were used in the articles of confederation
one of which asserted expressly the ‘absolute
sovereignty of each State—in this sense it was
universally understood by the States immedi
ately after the ratification of the Constitution—
tor when it was attempted to bring one of
those sovereigns before the Courts of the United
States, it was indignantly resented by all of
them as an insult, and (he Constitution was so
amended, (and I think by unanimous consent,)
as to prevent the possibility of its occurrence.
“We, the. people,” mean the people of the sev
eral States, who alone w ere competent to or
dain and establish Constitutions of govern
ment, whether for the management of foreign
or domestic concerns. It New-Hampshire and
Georgia had not ratified the Constitution* they
might have confederated and adopted the same
Constitution, in precisely the same words—We
the people of the United States. What States'*”
’1 he several States of New-Hampshire and
Georgia, “united” for certain defined purposes,
do “ordain and establish” this Constitution &e
----“united’ having reference to the States and not to
the people—and the words “ordained and estab
lished. ’ having reference to the people and not
to the States. Nay, further, Georgia or New
Hampshire might, each of them, have formed
two governments and two Constitutions, the’
one for the conduct of its foreign relations, tho
other for the conduct of its domestic, oil the
same principles, and w ith the same powers as
their present State and Federal Governments?
yet no one would believe, that in the first ease,
the people of Georgia and the people of New
Hampshire were one people, or that in the last
either State had parted with its sovereignty to
one or both governments; it would still possess
thi! same right to alter, new model or destroy
both.
The nature and extent of the powers delegat
ed, could not impair the sovereignty of the States.
If Ihe Convention had delegated all powers, Ex
ecutive, Legislative and Judicial, to Gen. Wash
ington and his successors for ever, the sover
eignty of the States would have remained entire.
When the monarchists of the Convention who
labored the destruction of State sovereignty had
throw n every thing into disorder, and Dr. Frank
lin had advised the Convention to go to praying
and the members were returning homo in despair
of any thing being accomplished hut mischief,
Gunning Bedford, a noble patriot of the now
misrepresented, or apostate State of Delaware,
turned the fortune of the day, by warning them,
if they dared to touch the sovereignty of his
State, that State would call in the aid of foreign
powers to protect her sovereignty, and so the
Constitution passed explicitly recognising that’
sovereignty, bv the organization of the Senate;
and notin the least impairing it by the repres
entation of the people of each State in the House
of Representatives. Politically speaking there
is no such being as the United States, distinct
from the States, no such community or people.
There is such a thing as the'government of the
United States, an artificial creature—an incorpo
real heraditament—hut a government is not a
nation, or a people, or a community ; any more
than it is a sovereign. The Constitution, to be
sure, speaks of “we the people,” but it only
means the people of the States who formed that
Constitution, and who were the only rightful
trnmt._. ~f Constitutions —As one people or
community, Ley have never performed a single
act, either to t| K . government, to cany
it on, or will they, can iKgj- perform any to end
it—no such people or comumno . ..mini h,,-,.
been formed, but by breaking up all tl“
muni ties called the States; and consolidating
them into one mass, which never could he done
but by force or consent. We speak of bounda
ries between the United States and foreign States
—hut. they are only such, because they are the
boundaries between tile States and such foreign
powers. The government of tho United States,
if the boundaries were theirs, could alter them
at. pleasure, which it cannot do—it cannot ac
quire territory within a State for the ereetioii
of needful buildings, without the consentof that
State, and then may have no jurisdiction within’
the same, if withheld by
government of the UnitialJfttftes is, in fact, a
corporate body, with a common seal and com
mon flag, representing Im- States according to a
defined and limited chaMer, which cannot ho
violated hut at the risk t* forfeiture, of which
the sovereign creating it ftnist judge. But is it
competent to one State tiljudge of the violation
of the charter? Yes—bury it judges for itself
alone.—every other Spite, ir& virtue of the same
sovereignty, has the same right. Why should
it not? The answer is, it would he too liable
to abuse; the Union would he in constant dan
ger of agitation and dismemberment by capri
cious and irregular movements of the States.
Here is another fundamental error—lnstead of
ascribing wisdom, prudence, moderation, and
discretion to a sovereign State, it is taken for
granted that such State will not understand her
true interests; will not pursue it, will act from’
the whim or caprice or passion of the moment.
But this is not the history of the States; on the
contrary, experience has proven,that till well re
gulated communities are most generally govern
ed by a wise, judicious and temperate regard to
their own true interests. Now, what is tho
strongest ligament which hinds this Union to
gether? It is interest. Remove this motive of
interest, and how long would the Union last
just .-is long as it would take the State* ceasing
to have an interest in the Union,to withdrawfrom
it. It is the beauty of the system, while it is the
surestfoundation t'or its perpetuity, each State is
left to pursue its own interest, in its own way,
only asking the Government of the United
States which it has itself constituted, to protect
it from Foreign Powers stronger than itself, and
to let it alone in all matters which it has not es
pecially confided to its care. llow different is
this from the idea of keeping the States togeth
er by force—to keep together by force, those
who were brought together by consent; to keep
the Union by force, to keep amity by force, to
keep brotherly love by force, to keep peace by
force! it is absurd, and fortunately it is as im
possible as it is absurd. If a single State, stand
ing upon her sovereignty, resists the invasion of
her rights, this is not to be endured because it
cannot be resisted—So that the rightfulness of
force depends, not on the rightfuluess of the
cause, but on the relative strength and weakness
of the parties. But let us see what is the nature
and extent of the risk, and danger to the Union',
of admitting the right of a State, to repose itself
upon its sovereignty, to resist an aggression by
the Government of the United States. The
danger and risk must lit! measured, by the pro
bable frequency of its recurrence: how often
has it occurred since the date of the Union, and
how often is it likely to occur? Surely it is
not intended to deny to a State the right which
is given to the worm, the right to defend itself
and to preserve itself; this indeed consists with
the denial of all sovereignty, but I trust that in
our downward course to the grave, we have not
reached a point so near its brink. A State has
engaged with other States, that it will do cer
tain things; and that their common agent shall
be authorised to do in their name and in virtue
of their authority certain other things. Here
then is* contract involving rights and obliga
tions on the. face of it; it purports to be perpetu
al and irrevocable, hut is it so in fact? Can it
be so between the independent communities,
who are bound by the. laws of God and nature,
to protect and defend themselves; to take care
of their own happiness and interests, —are these
communities to be hound from generation to
generation without the possibility of finding ab
solution? Is it permitted to us of the present
degenerate day, to disinherit posterity, by send
ing down to it a worn, debased and ahraided
shilling, which they can not refuse, hut at the
peril of their lives. No! Every generation
must take care of itself, and by, all the moral,
political and physical force it can; always bound
by the great law of eternal justice which it is
not permitted to individuals or communities to
violate—but contracts and engagements ean be
violated by the communities under the sanction
of that last supreme law. This happens when
the sovereign judges that the safety, happiness
and interest of the community, require such vio
lation. Nothing is or can be required of it af
terwards, hut to repair whatever injury or dam
age it may have done to the parties interested,
of which, of course they arc the judges
degree, in virtue of the same