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whatever. They are lazy, idle to the] or 42 deg. It pas:
last degree, an I, although they are said J wanl'.y, and finally
to be willing to give their services to : ~"
any one who will provide them with
blankets, beef, ■ and bread, it is with
much difficulty they can be made to
perform labor enough to reward their
employers!?
of comfort.
Below latitude thirty-nine, and west
of the loot hillsof the Sierra Nevada,,
the forests'of California are limited to
^ _ some scattering groves of oak in the
these very limited means j valleys and along the borders of the
I streams, and of red wood on the ridges
Formerly, at the missions, those who and in the gorges of the hills—some-
were brought up and instructed by the .limpsextending into the plains. 'Some of
priests, mode *ery good servants. ' Ma- die hills are covered with dwarf shrubs,
ny of these now attached to families which may be used as fuel. With these
seem to be faitbful and iulelligrtitl.— exceptions, the whole territory presents
Bui those who are at all in a wild and a surface without trees or shrubbery. It
uncultivated stale,'are most degraded is covered, however, with various *pe-
objects of filth and idleness. | cies of grass, and for many miles fri
. It t$ possible that Government might, J the coast with wild oats, which, in i
by collecting them together, teach ( valleys, grow most luxuriantly. These
them, in some degree, the arts and hab- grasses and oats mature and ripen early
its of civilization ; bni;ifwe may judge in the dry season, and soon cea
of die future from the past, they will protect the soil from the scorching
disappear from the face of the earth as-of the sun. As the summer advances,
the settlements of the whiles extend j the moisture in the atmosphese
over the country. A very censidera- ! earth, to a considerable depth, f
Ide military force will be necessary, comes exhausted ; and the radiation of j
however, to protect the emigrants in the heal, from the extensive naked plains |
northern and southern portions of the and hill-sides, is very great. t
territory. 1 The cold, dry currents of air from |
climate. i the northeast, after passing the Rocky
I now come to consider the climate, j mountains and the Siena Nevada, de-
The climate of California is so reraarka- scend to the Pacific, and absorb the
ble in its periodical changes, and for moisture of the atmosphere, to a great
the long continuance of the wet and distance from the land. The cold air
dry seasons, dividing, as they do, the from the mountains, and that which ac-
year iuto about two equal parts, which companies the great ocean current
have a most peculiar influence on the from the northwest, thus become unit-
labor applied to agriculture and the | ed, and vast banks of fog are generated,
products of the soil, and, in fact, con- 1 which, when driven by the wind, has a
nect themselves so inseparably with all' penetrating, or cutting effect on the hu-
the interests of the country, that I deem man skin, much more uncomfortable
it proper briefly to mention the causes than would be felt in the humid attnos-
J ‘ ‘ nuch lower
65 deg.
These observations show n remarkably
high temperature at San Francisco dur-
' ig the six months from October to March
inclusive ; a variation of only eight.de-
the monthly tnean.bnd a mean
temperature for the Six months of 61
degrees. *'. ^
At Monterey, we fiuil the mean
monthly temperature from May to No
vember inclusive, varying only 6 2 , aii
mean the temperature of the 7
and other interesting and important por-1 ed with them for the purchase of land, ‘ making a circuit to the east word, strikes J mean temperature, 73 deg.; .Angus;
lions of it. I did not return until the j or the relinquishment of any claim to it | the American^coast in about latitude 41 • 70 deg.; September, 65 deg- Octulier,
16th of August. The elections had la- * “ * J _
ken-place when I was in the mouptaitis.
I was taken ill on the 20lh of that
month, am! was confined to ray bed and
ray room more than two months.
The convention met' dn v . the lst of
September. So it will be seen that I
was not present where any election was
held, not bad I anything to 4b with se
lecting or bringing out candidates; and
ray illness is sufficient proof (bat I did
uot, and could not, had I been dispos
ed, exercise any influence in the con
vention, -wbicb'was silting one hundred
and thirty miles from where I was.
Soani intimations .or assertions, as 1
am informed, have been thrown oat that
the South was not fairly represented in
the convention. I am told by two of
the members of Congress elect from
California, who were members of the
convention, that of the thirty-seven de
legates designed jn Gen. Riley’s procla
mation, sixteen were from slaveholding,
ten from the non-slaveholding States,
and eleven who were citizens of Cali*
forma under the Mexican government,
and that ten of those eleven came from
districts below 36 deg. aud 30 min.—
So that there were in the convention
twenty-six of the thirty-seven mem
bers from the slave-holding States, and
from places South or the Missouri com
promise fine.
It appears, on the journal of the con
vention, that the clause in the consti
tution excluding slavery passed unani
mously.
I now proceed to give you the result
of my inquiries, observations, and re
flections, respecting the population, cli
mate, soil, productions—the general
character of grants of land from Mexi
co—the* extent and condition of the
public domain—the commercial re
sources and prospects—the mineral and
metallic wealth of California.
POPULATION.
Humboldt, in his Essay on New
Spain, slates the population of Upper
California, in 1802, to have consisted
of—
Converted Indians 15,562
Other claaeee 1,300
Domestic Ncms.
have been 68 deg. If we take the
three summer months, the. mean heat
was 60 deg. The mean of three winter
months was little over"49. deg; show
ing a mean difference, on that part of
the coast, of only 11 deg. between sum
mer and winter.
The mean temperature of San Fran
cisco, for the three winter months, was
precisely the sntnfe as at Monterey—a
little over 49 cleg.
As these cities are only about one de
gree and half distant from each other,
and' IkuIi situated near the ocean, the
temperature at both, in the summer,
I may very reasonably be supposed to be
j as nearly similar as the thermometer
it to be in the winter.
California.
The intelligence from California con
tinues to be of the most exciting char
acter. The Cherokee and the Empire
City brought nearly $2,500,600 in gold.
Tire fre’giit list of the Cherokee showed
over 81.000,000 in gold, and it was Tup- : trade Irmn North Carotinr
posed that nearly as much more was in So far as weare informed,
possession of the passengers. The who have entered upon the bu*iness of
passengers by the Empire City, also producing turpentine in Georgia, have
oaths j brought a large amount; said to be had as good 1!
' TbeTarpcatincBmlBeniu Georsia.
We presume that the extent to which
t.he manufacture of turpentine is being
developed in ibis State, is not known to
our readers. If its production g«>e3 0,1
increasing for a few years longer as
rapidly as during the? year or two past,
it will not take long to transfer the gen
eral fiend-quarters of the turpentine
rolina to Georgia.
It of lllO!
16,862
Alexander Forbes, in bis history of
Upper and Lower California, published
in London, in 1839, states the number
of converted Indians in the former to
have been in 1831
18,683
Of all other cluiti, at 4,342
phere of the Atlantic, at
temperature.
As the sun rises from day to day,
week after week, and month aftei
month, in unclouded brightness during
the dry season, and pours down his un
broken rays on the dry, unprotected
surface of the country, the heal becomes
so much greater inland lhan it is on the
orean, that an under-current of cold air,
i tn ill it
Allowing for proha- bly be
- e may safely con-
which arrived by
from $2,000,000 to
xpecled. . Such. h«
been the t
Bn
elude that '.he
the steamers,
$2,500,000.
The advices from the “diggings” are
also favorable on the whole. It is now
said that the destruction of property,
caused by'the unusual height of the
floods of the rainy season, has been
more'than counterbalanced by the in
creased quantity nfgold which they wash
ed down into the valley, and the coming
season is expected to he largely more
renumerative than any that has preced
ed it. Gold is found in larger quanti
ties than heretofore not only iti the new
diggings, bui has also been depot
A\ dis
a that
The mean temperature of July. Au- j extensively, in the old.
which produce those changes, and
which, it will be seen, as this report
proceeds, must exercise a controlling
influence on the commercial prosperity
and resources of tho country.
well established theory, that
the currents of air under which the
earth passes in its diurnal revolution
follow the line of the sun’s greatest at
traction. These currents of oir are
drawn towards this line from great j bringing the fog with it, rushes
distances on each side of it; and as the ! the coast range of hills, and through
earth revolves from west to east, they j their numerous passes, towards the
blow from northeast and southeast, interior.
meeting, and ot coarse causing a calm | Every day, as the heat, inland, ot-
on the line. | tains n sufficient temperature, (he cold,
Thus, when the sun is directly, in • dry wind from the ocean commences
common parlance, over the equator, in j below. This is usually from 11 to 1
the month of March, theso currents of, o’clock ; and as the day advances the
air blow from some distance north of j wind increases and continues to blow
the tropic of Cancer, and south of ihe J ( till late at night. When the vacuum is
tropic of Capricorn, in an oblique di- | filled, or the equilibrium of the alums-
number Wl not varied much un to I recli ™ '<"« of the sun’s phere restored, the wind ceases; n per:
1836. and the probability is, there was g rf »'” 1 altroclinn, and forming wbat j fecrcalm prevails unl.l the same hour
very liilie increaso in the white popula- are knmvn « '•» northeast and south- the following day, when the snme prn-
tinn until the emigrants from the Unit- ™»> Irade-winds. ! cess commences and p
ed Stales began to etfter the country in
1838.
They increased from year to year,
ao that, in 1846, Col. Fremont bad lit
tle difficulty in calling to his standard
some five hundred fighting men.
At the close of the war with Mexico,
it was supposed that there were, includ
ing discharged volunteers, from ten to
fifteen thousand Americans and Califor
nians, exclusive of converted Indians,
in the Territory. The immigration of
American citizens in 1849, up to the 1st
of January lost, was estimated at 80,
000—of foreigners 20,000.
The population of California may
therefore be salely set down at 115,000
at the commencement of the present
year. ^ ..
It is quite impossible to form any
lliihg like an accurate estimate of the
nutnocr of Indians in the Territory.— ra,n '
Since the commencement of the war,
and especially since the discovery of
gold in the mountains, their number at
the missions and the valleys near the
coast have very much diminished. In
fact, the whole race seems to be rapid
ly disappearing. .
The remains of a vast number of vil
lages in all (be valleys of the Sierra
Nevada, and among ihe foothills of that
range of mountains, show that nt no dis
tant day .there roust have been a nuroer- bringiug with it these vast atmospheric ing three
jresses as he-
As the earth, in its path round the j fore, and these phenomena are of daily
sun, gradually brings the line of at- occurrence, with few exceptions,
traction north, in summer these currents J throughout the dry season,
of air are carried with it; so that about j These cold winds and fogs render the
the middle of May the current from the 1 climate at San Francisco, and all along
northeast has extended as far as the j the Coast of California, except the ex-
381 h or 39th degree of north latitude, treme southern portion of it, probably
and by the twentieth of June, thejteri- more uncomfortable, to those
od of the sun’s greatest northern inclina- customed to it, in summer than
lion, to the northern portions of Califor- J ter.
nia and the Southern portion of Oregon. ] A few miles inland, where the heat of they have
The northeast winds, in their progress the sun modifies and softens the wind therefore
gust, and September, at San Diego,
nly 3 deg. 33 mio. south of Monterey,
vas 72 deg. The mean temperature
>f the same months at Monterey was a
little ov«*r 59 ; showing a mean differ
ence of 13 deg.
This would seem to indicate that the
cold ocean current is thrown off from
the southern part of the coast by Point
Conception; ami the islands south of it ;
and consequently its influence on the
climate of San Diego is much less than
at Monterey and Sun Francisco.
At Los Angelos, 40 miles .distant
from the coast, the mean temperature
of the throe months was 74 deg.; of the
three autumn months 67 deg.; of the
three winter months 57 deg.
At Smterville, about one hundred
and thirty miles from the ocean, and
four degrees north of Los Angelos, the
mean temperature of August, Septem
ber and October, was 07 deg. The
mean temperature of the same months
nt Monterey was 59 deg.; showing a
difference of 8 deg. between the sea
coast and the interior, on nearly the
same parallel of latitude. A much
greater difference would undoubtedly
appear if we had observation for the
spring and summer months at Sutter-
vflle and the gold mines.
These variations in the climate of
California account for the various and
conflicting opinions and statements re
specting it.
A stranger arriving at San Fran
co in summer is annoyed by the <
winds and fogs, and pronounces
climate intolerable. A few months
modify if not banish his dislike, and
he will not fail to appreciate the benefi
cial effects of a cool, bracing atmos
phere. Those who approach California
overland, through the passes of lh
c, befo
» that localitit
the floods, considered
xhnusted, ate now as rich, if not rich
er, lhan before they were worked.—
Among thp new diggings, that of the
“ Oregon Canon” appears to he the
most productive, and it is asserted that
occasionally the miners average two
pounds a day, and it is estimated that
several hundred thousand dollars have
been taken out uf this Canon alone, since
the first of October.
The Burke Rocker is being exten
sively used and with it, “ banks” that
contain not more than fifteen cents of
gold, to the panful of dirt, are profita
bly xvorketi, while, with other patterns,
it is not considered profitable to work
dirt that does not contain twenty-five
cent s in a panful. The produce of gold
for the present year, it is expected will
be largely increased over the preceding
one. Indeed if the statements made
are bat half true, the available product,
which will reach the Stales, will not
fall short of $20,000,000.
The old towns which are aspiring
the dignity of cities, are continuing
increase with a rapidity never before
known, while new ones are sprinj,"
up at desirable localities, some of which
promise to overgrow their older sisi
Among thpse is the town of “Oro,” lo
cated by General Greene, formerly of
Texas, and from which he has already
realized over $100,000 by the sale of
lots. It is situated at the junct
Feather and Bear Rivers, 45 miles, by
the river, above Sacramento, and ii
supposed to he at the head of surnmei
in Carolina. The pin
gion seem to have been wrongly in
structed in the outset, which circum
stance, together with jbe advance in
cotton,has induced them generally to
give over the production for liter pres-
We are indebted-to the kindness of a
mercantile friend, who has procured
for us ihe statistics of the turpentine
which ought to be produced in Georgia
tg the actual working season.—
There are before us the names of some
fifteen or sixteen persons engaged in
the business in Georgia, whose entire
product will amount to not less lhan
Twenty Thousand Eight Hundred Bar
rels! These gentlemen are many of
them personally known to us—nearly
all oft hem
formation tnay be relied
rate. To this may be added the pro
duction of seven or eight more per
sons, who have more recently begun
ihe business in Georgia, and of two in
Florida, whose names we have, but
it is out ofour power at present to indi
cate the probable results ot their labor.
The same remark is applicable to the
article received by the river. We are
satisfied, however, that the whole
product of Georgia and Florida du
ring the season ending on the 1st
September, will reach the figure of
30,000, barrels, of which we put down
25.000 barrels to Georgia. This will
represent a value of some eighty thou
sand dollars to be divided among a
moderate number of producers.
At the same time it is worthy of re
mark that the distillation of crude tur
pentine is rapidly increasing at various
points. Including the large distillery
in this city, tinder the charge ofMessis
Young & Gamill, we count no less
than ten distilleries in Georgia, either
actually erected or ordered, and on
the way to their destination.—Sav Rep.
ATHENS, GEORGIA;
Thursday Morning, April 18,' 1S50.
v iilor an 4 iMtvr* on t.nolnae* directed In the PalsUatrats. To
■cure Attention, all letter* must come free of portage-
CO- Our thunks are due Messrs. Clingman and
Venable of North Carolina, tor valuable public
documents, and the Hon. Millard Fillmore for
a bound copy of the President’s message aud accom
panying document*.
Mr. KinB'tt'altfarnltt Report.
We devo'e much of our space this week to the
publication of a portion of Mr. KtRc's report on Cali
fornia—the balance shall appear in our next. It
wilt be seeu that the Brat part of it isthainly devo
ted to a defence ol the Administration and himself,
and thujas its ag'-nt, against the malicious charge on the
part of the Democratic juess, to the effect that he
had been sent as a secret agent of the Govern
ment to indoctrinate the people on the subject of
slavery. The latter part of it, which will be found
of greater interest to the general reader, is descrip
tive ot the country—its soil, climate, minerals*
products, Sic., &c.
Fire Tobacco.—Those fond ot "the weed,”
ill find an excellent article at the store of
lessrs. Newton & Lucas. Weapesk advisedly—
Plank It and*.
All this is exciting, although the pic-
ure may he highly colored,
ainly the bright side, and the effect
■vill he to give another and
mpulse to emigrations. Thousands!
untnins, find the heat of summer,I and tens of thousands of the hopeful
ildle of the day greater titan j and enterprising will direct their foot-j
accustomed to, and i steps towards El Dorado in the course j
mplainofit. j of the coming six months. All have
mechanics in Congress.
A Washington correspondent of the
New York Sun gives the billowing ac
count oft he representatives of one fam
ily in Congress:
“ Mr. Stanton, of Kentucky, a young
man who in his boy days I have often
seen working in Alexandria, trowel in
band, by the side ol bis still younger
brother, the distinguished representa
tives trout Tennessee, made the first
lay in the House, aud a
The project of building Plank Roads from this
place to Clarkesville and Dohlonega, is, we believe,
pretty generally received with favor by our up-
country friends. Some, however, regard their
construction impracticable. VVe are not at all sur
prised at this. Men caunot agree in opinion on
any subject—and particularly on the question of
roads—for, although we are all anxious to enjoy
eternal felicity hereafter, we can’t agree about the
road that leads to it. That a majority of the peo
ple interested in the construction of the Plank
Roads leading from this place to the up-conntry,
however, will eventually appreciate the importance
of the undertaking, we do not for a moment ques
tion—that the future success ol Athens, in a good
degree depends upon it, we cannot for a moment
doubt.
The following expression of opinion concerning
ihe practicability of the enterprise, we find in the
Atlanta Intelligencer of last week.
“ Tlie project of a Plank Road from Athens to
Clarkesville, in Habersham County,as also one from
Athens to Dahlonega, is talked about at present in
Athens, though whether it will receive sufficient
encouragement to secure success is uncertain. The
nature ot the country traversed by the road, as well
as the position of Athens, is undoubtedly such as
would render the road a profitable one.”
of these two brothers i
agernent to youth atnoi
aspire to improve
IS. The
full of «
across the continent, toward the Pacific from the ocean, the climnta
ocean, pass over the snow-capped ridges rate and delightful. The heat in the in the valleys which are situated be
ef the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra middle of the tiny is not so great as to tween ihe great plain ofthe Sacramento ■ Penn. lnq\
Nevada, and are of course deprived of retard labor, or render exercise in the an d San Joaquin, and the coast range
all the moisture which can be extracted open air uncomfortable. The nights of bills, find the climate, especially in
from them by the low temperature of are cool and pleasant. This descrip the dry season, ns healthful and pleas-
shes, but, alas, there will be |
1 bitter disappointments.—!
ho would
ages. It gi:
th,
We find ii
those regions of eternal snow, and con- lion of climate prevails in all the valleys nnt as it is possible fi
sequenlly no moisture can be precipi- along the coast range, and extends be which
but yesterday,
ered with mortar, they stood, a brick
I in one hand and trowel in the other—
j To-day they stand covered with honor.
Another Shower of Flesh and Blond. ■ heaped upon them by the people ot Keti-
The Richmond Whig of Wednesday, I lUt *y a, »« V‘handling abst
follm
nmbe
exultal
i RichM.
of theSavunnih Gcor-
tated from them, in the form of dew or, throughout the country, north and south,
a higher temperature than that as far eastward as the valley of the
which they have been subjected.— Sacramento and Sun Joaquin! In th
clim-ite to publishes the folio
n mi
x’led g
the t
and
r Dr. Gibson)
They, therefore, pass over the bills and j vast plain the sea-breeze * lose:
plains of California, where the tempera- ( fluence, and the degree of bent in
lure is vety high in summer, in a very , the middle of the day. during the sum-
dry state; and so far from being charg- tner months, is much greater lhan is
cd with moisture, they absorb like a known on the Atlantic coast jn the same
sponge, all that the atmosphere and latitudes. It is dry, however and prob- difficulty ot u
surface of the earth can yield, .until ably not more oppressive. On the foot- ,«ppin to impo
,'ereal grants and edible i °l *i ,p s P f * c ’m f *n
roots of the temperate zone. | had-very much the smell of frogs
The division ofthe year into two dis-1 —” probably taken up by some water
lincl seasons, dry and wet—itnpres- j spout:”
ses those who have been accustomed! About 4 oViock. P. M. yesterday, be-
to the variable climate of the Atlantic! ' n & Good Friday, n small cloud passed
States unfavorably. The dry appear-j °y er ^ r * Chris. H. Clarke nod several
the countrv in summer, and the ! m . v s**C?»»m** a few puces from the
about in winter, i ^outlt bank ot Pam tin key river, in the
iwer end of Horn
difficult!
xhile-*
ous population, where there is not
•n Indian to lie seen. There are a few
Mill retained in, the service of the old
Californians, but these do not amount
Ao more than a Tew thousand in the
whole Territory. It is said there arc
large numbers of fttcmioihe mountains
and valleys about the bead waters of
ihe San Joaquin, along the western base
of the Sierra, mid in the northern part
„ of the Territory, and that they are hos
tile. A number of Americans were kill
ed b> them during the last summer in
attempting to penetrate high up the fiv
ers in search of gold ; they also drove
one of two parties from Trinity river.—
They have, in several instances, attack
ed parties coining from or returning to
Oregon, in the section of country^which
the lamented Captain Warner was ex
amining when he was killed.
It is quite impossible to form.any es
timate of the number ol these Mountain
fudians. Some suppose there are as.
many as tbfee hundred thousand in the
t?rrtory, but I should not be, inclined to
believe that there emit be one third of
that; number. Il ia quite evident that
- they are hostile, and that they ought to
be chastised for the murders already
committed- ’ .
! The small bands with whom ! met,
- scattered through the lower portions of
the; foothills of the Sierra, and in the
• valleys between them and the coast,
::dled Farmington, and di
iround the parties, over a si
tneihtng less than one rood of
•arrous pieces ot flesh aud liv-
,-H defined in each sort to al-
movements, and on their approach pro-, from eleven until three o’clock. In the pear when I come to speak of the pro- b>v/ of any mistake in their character,
duce the dry season in Colifortda, evening as the sun declines the rad in- duct ions of California. We ought not I gathered ibis morning from the spoi
which, governed by these laws, coinin- tion of hent ceases. The cool, dry to be surprised at the dislike which the j “bout 4. to 6 nz.
repas- atmosphere from the mounlains spreads immigrants frequently . express to the above meniionet!I:
• - - .... . . .. - 1 —- | — J •*— **• the
both become, apparently, perfectly dry. hills of the Sierra Nevada, and espe- the wav of agricultural prnsperii
This process commences, as I have ! cially in the deep ravines of streams, the themnnv and derided advantages re- \ vnar
said, when the line of the sun’s greatest thermometer frequently ranges from suiting from the mildness of winter, and * !,ce
attraction comes north in the summer,. 110 deg. to 115 deg. in the shade, dor- the bright, clear weather of summer, S rn11
:—.1 r L if the day. say are not appreciated. These will tip- pr -
ues until some lime after the s
t-quator iu September, .when, over the whole country, anti renders climate. It is so unlike that from P'. c ked up
about the^ middle of November, the the nights cool and invigorating. j which they come, that they cannot read- hue from northwest to
climate being relieved from these north-; I have been kindly furnished by Sur- ily appreciate iis advantages, or be- ! a b°ut * *’<
east currents of oir. the southwest geon General Lawson, U. S. Army, come reconciled to its extremes of
wif}ds set in from tho ocean, charged with therinnmeiiicnl observations.taken dry and wet.
with moisture-—the rains commence and at the following places in California, ) If a native of California were to go
continue to full, not constantly, as some viz:.At San Francisco, by Assistant (o New England in winter, and s ’
distributed <
trface. The piece
> acorns, roots, insects, and the kernel of
* the pine burr—occasionally they catch
fish and game. They use the bow and
arrow; but arc said to be too lazy and
Hfrmionie to make successful hunters.
They do not appear to have the slight
est inclination to cultivate the soil, nor
- ifo they even nt'empt it—ms far as I
they are induced to enter the service of
the white inhabitants. They have
never pretended to bold arty interest in
the soil, nor have they been treated by
the' Spanish nr American immigrants as
'possessingany. >'.7 ,. —
The Mexican government aMtr treat-
beast, wen
'-five paces from each oth
er. One would weigh near an ounce.
The . direction of the cloud
northeast to southeast, as described by
Mr. Clarke, who is a gentleman of
of Const it u
i:il La\
dexie
ed”
usly as
ek in the
ha
their hi
ory.
Ilieli
fitting men 'in it t<*
tuay be gathered from
■ult of the Locofoco-Frec-Sg.ll victory in
Connecticut—accnmpxniel with tho usual “ grand
flourish” of Urge staring capitals, &c.
*• Connecticut Election — Glorious Democrat
ic Victory.—From bit the return* that have come
:o hand it appears highly probable that the Demo
cracy have a majority in both branches of the Le
gislature. Thereby securing a United States Sen
ator in the place of Mr. Baldwin and the election of
Governor, and State officers, if they have not been
elected by the people. In this election Taylorism
has been repudiated, Truman Stn.lli condemned,
ami Gen. Wilson a.il Col. Baker sent hack to
Origiu of Slavery iu America.
The “ 11'publikaaer," a new Whig
Germ-in |»:»p*r>ii New Yu.lt, contains
brief sketch of slavery on this Continent,
from the time of its first introduction by
Spanish avarice. Not only was. negro
slavery introduced by the n, but all tite
captives they made jn tb *ir constant
wars against the Indians, were compel
led to labor in the mines for the benefit
of their oppressors. $o terrible was
this evil, that in tntriiy parts t»f their
possessions whole races became ex
tinct.
nave, time and Again, in by-gone day*,
le inconsistency nt the conductors of the
press, who have heretofore assumed
Kcliisive guardians of Southern rights,
n ever ready to raise a howl of triumph
their “ natural allies” at the North, by
with the almlilinnisu, have gained a
r the Whigs ! All this was bad enough
but how, in view of the very high pre-
ley have lately i
The celebrated Bishop Las Case*.
who had himself visited America, and
hail ascertained from personal inspec
tion the sufferings .if the Indian popula
tion, went back to Spain and used the
persons hive rrprcse.i.ed, bui with suf- Surgeon W. C. Parker, for sis moolhs.: ground frozen and covered with snow,, •«“'«*»«• nml es'al.lished credibiluy. \ "V 1 "'! ?" '". d "*
ficjenl frequency to designate the peri- embracing the last quarter of 1S47, the streams with ice, and find . himself; Mr. Brown with myself, visited the j ' mg lor their labors*
od of theif continuance, from about the : and the first quarter ot 1848.— ; in n temperature many degrees colder spot this morning, aud nil aided in pick- j * '.* \ T , V ir.mn , oeu p m«*»'
middle of November until the middle of j The monthly mean temperature was as ; than he ha.d ever fell before, he would ing fifteen to twenty pieces, which I n * rsttnjioriHUoiiwaso.A,-
Mny, in ihe latitude of San Francisco, follows—October, 67 deg.; November, f probably hems much surprised that have by me at this momeot, and from , V 1 . '.’ 'Vh.'VV ^
as the wet season. ,| 49 deg.: December, 50 deg.; January, people could nr would live in so inhos- j which I send you a sample, and desire . . • . , . • . lin,, ‘
ll,follows, ns a matter of course, that 49 deg.; February, 50 deg.; March, pirable a region, as any immigrant ever it may be passed over to Dr. Gibson, .' , , ,a 1 ol [W*
the dry searo*commences first, and con-^ 51 deg. has been at what he has seen or felt in that he may ascertain what sort ol flesh , on 51 e cn ,n,u » ht from Alnoa.
liftucs longest in the southern-portions'! . At Monterey, in lalitude'36 deg. 38' California. it is. The flesh and liver are in a per- ( *~*~'
of ihe Tcrrjtpty, and that the climate North, and longitude 121 West, on the j So much are our opinions influenced foci state ot this moment, and the lat- i Two Week’s Sleep.—We wit
of the northern part is influenced in a const about one degree and a half South bv early’impressions, the vicissitudes of ter I shall put in nlchohol for the future nessed yesterday afternoon, says the
much less degree, by the causes which of San Francisco, by Assistant Surgeon thf'srnsnns with which we are familiar, inspection of the curious. Something Cincinnati : T.unes, at College Hall, the
Thnve mentioned, than any other sec- W. S. King, for seven months, from love of country; home>and kindred, that of this sort wits published as'occurring waking up ofa young lady of this city,
tiops of the country.. Consequently [May to November inclusive. The. we ought never to hazard p hasty opin- recently in North Catolina (I think) mesmerized by Prof. Rogers, who had
we find that as low down as lat. 39* monthly m^an temperature was; May,! ion when we'come in contact with cir-| and'a. year or two since also in Ken- ( been in the' mesmeric sleep ti
irat allie
e openly warring against the
s outrageoiia—and will i
e thhikin
with what
lucky t
, _ . r ..... haps,’ fromi tlie Arctic, anil -flows along
seemed to ho almost the lowest grade of the coast of California; k comes
human beings. They .live chiefly on
charged with, and emits in its progress,
air, which appears in the form of fog
wbfcn it comes in'contact with a higher'
temperature on the American coast, as
the gulf-stream of the Atlantic exhales
vapor when it meets, iri any part of- its
progress, a' lower temperature. This
current has: not been surveyed, and.
therefore, its source, temperature, ye-
Tenncssee. j weeks.'dnriug which time we learn she
Respectfully, yours, | has been cured of a painful spinal a'ffi-c-
G- YV. BASSETT. j tion. The Uncle of the young ladv,
Clover Lea; March 30th, 1850. j Judge H., formerly Mayor ofCincinnati
* The similar occurrence to which Mr. comborated the above satentent. .When
B. refers happened in Sampson co.. N. waked up, the young lady was asked
. C., on the 15th of February. The show- ” ow l^ttg rite thought she had been
stve. The monthly mean temperature! of the safety of this, distinguished navigator will cr according to report—was about 30 ni *' < * e P. and replied, “ about two hmi
was—June, 73 deg.; Julv, 74 deg.; be disappointed. Tbetfritish Consul at New York, ! feeiwidoand 250to300yardslong. “The w h e ‘» informed it was two. week:
August, 76 deg. ; September. 75 deg* ; Mr. Barclay, has received l^terd^es from St. Pauls j pjeces a p, }eare d to be flesh, liver,' light -**■'
deg. rains are . sufficiently frequent in 66 deg.; June,' 59 deg.; July, 62 deg.; , cumstances entirplv different from tho;
summer to render irrigation quite onne- j August, 59 <|eg.; September, 58 deg.to which we have all our lives been ai
cessary to the perfect maturity of any,|Ocu»ber, 60 deg.; November, 56°' • customed.
crop which is suited to tho soil aud AtLns Angelos, latitude 34° 7',Ion-! [Tobe concluded in our next.]
climate. . . ' gitude west 118° Assistant Sor- ' ~ , /”*•—rrr
Theit; is an extensive ocean current! geon John $: Griffin, for ten months— . r * “ T -1 ^
of cold water which comes from the from June,j 847, to March. 1848,-iuclu-j It ismord than probable that the hopes entertainr d£.
northern regions ol the'pacific,' or, ,per-
couid obtain informaiion—except when Jocity, width, and course, have not been
It is believed by . Lieut. Maury,'
what he considers sufficien^eviiJence—
received from Minesota, snd published ip the Com.: raH „„ , he leaves, apparently very of her complaint.
Advertiser. S,r John Frtnklm. .sped,.™ ; fresh Duri „ gjhi ti[n a u wai falling 1 ‘ —
black cloud, having '
the subject treated of particularly in these recent
red ' No^le Child. —While ihe. United j
<y ucg.; ocpiemucr, va arg. 5 j, i pieces appe.tred to be Hesit, liver, lignts, laughed and /seemed much astonished,
October, 69 deg.; November, 59 deg. ; which make no mention «»f any such report as was brains and Blood. Some ofthe. blood and stated that she was entirely cured
December. 60 deg.; January, 68 deg. ; •— ..s n »k!..k*a .K.r-— ' • • * " • infki.mL.iL-—
February, 55 deg.; March, 58 deg.—
This place is about 40 miles from the
coast. ^
Al San Diego, latitude 32 deg, 45
min;, longitude wesull7 deg. 11 min.,
by Assistant Shrgeou J". D. Sonrntejs,
f«»r ihe following three , months of 1849,
viz :. July, monthly-menu temperature,
.71 deg.; August 75 iUgf.; September,
7Qdeg.
Ar SuUersville, inn -the - Sacramento
iluubtvd, that the Democratic leader* have for the
last fifteen or twenty year* nsed this slavery agi
tation both North and South, as a stepping-stone
to power, regardless of consequences. We single
•nit the Georgian in particular, not that it has sin
ned more or oftener in this respect than other pa
pers ot the same kidf.ey, but because it assumes to
be,anJ we believe is regarded a* one of the most
respecUb le Democratic papers in the State, and
■nay therefore be considered a fair representative
of the press of its party.
We would in all candor ask the reader what
confidence sensible men can have in leaders who,
pretending to be fully alive to the interests of the
fjonth, are daily guilty of such glaring inconsis
tencies as the above ?
D* Mr. Clat warmly but deservedly rabuked
the Northern agitators, in his comments, iq
Senate, last week, on their aholitioft petition*,
“Sir,” said he, "ofall the hilterest enemies to,
ward the unfortunate negro race, there are none
to compare with these xdoUtionists, pretended
friends of theirs; but who, like the Siamese twin*,
connect themselves with the negro, or, liko thp
centaur of old. rpoant not the back ofa horse, but
tlie back of the negro, to ride themselves into pow.
er, and in order to display a friendship they feel
only for tlieipselves, and not for the negro race.—
No, sir, there are not worse enemies in the coan,
jry of the oegvo race than these ultra abolitionist*,
To what son of extremity have they not driven the
slavehcdding Sutea in defence of their own rights,
and in guarding against those excesses to which
they h*ve * constant tendency \ ”
friend'in that city solicits slhnot to place any
fidence in ’the report* which 'come-.from" variom _ __ _
points as no more truth may be coatafned in them, j sides sustaining all waste and decay of for T
ITS- The N r, 1 [ 0 ? p 0 "'"'"" 1 of i apfwaraace like a wind ’cloud. There i S«.l« was drawiog near .he Macedo- **» »•
h-fo no „in. »»«■ » « °» hoard .aid in Dec-aru..; ..a tt, chart..,™ tw*,..
• l *' . , | “ Cornmwlore. I wish y°“ ’^ ou I , J P u t ©fWOmot l»rcm«j resntutimts paaaed the
Lobor pays all rent* and wioy. be- my uatne-on the muster roll.” “What chuseiu Legislatnre with only onedUsentiug take.
les sustaining all waste and decay of fori” Thai I may gel a share ofthe in the Senate un T.iesda* f-Ai Mr n.,rt,in*x.m
<liftrP, “ f eSCri h '" i,U,S " f 1, was done-after ihe p^. 3^ pw«^Ltag
last year. She exprye* the hope that then* re- ! * penny does the merchant pay for the capture*!* Commodore saiil, “ Well. the Legislature to jnstrdct Mr. Webster to voto
•pwtsmaynolUvelheeflfetto suppressingrorre. qseo f higplace or residence; for the Net!, she’d ours, arid your share of the (hr the insertion of tbsWilmot Proviso in the new
” OW S L c »P il »*H en, P , °y^ value prize money will be about *200, Whal^rntorial bilta, and agist the bill of Mr. Mason,
for the rescue of her noble husband. musi be. tn some way or other, wrested , wfll you do with it t” “ I’ll Xeml $100. concerning fugitive ,£«. Mr, Hilliard oppotmd
W-Hr. C. mob. 1|, CSerk oftiai^HKuaof S^pre. ^ ‘1- CwwnitW. aw),
and .ua higher audiorily can be cited— ri»er. Utitode 33 deg. 32. .min., lnngi-
jbat tills current comes from die coasts] lude^west 1*1 deg. 34 min., by Assis- — ^ . , ,
oi China and Japan, flowa northwardly {tant Surgeon E. Murray, for the follow- senUUve. in Conjre..,-died in Wa.hiagton City shaves a note, butJabur most foot the | ine to school.- This boy Js 0 b\y 4 on goiioa of Mr. JUwu. ft
to the peninsular or Kamuebatka,'and, ling months .of.JS4.9t. 101]/. monthly on sitiel.jhSt.iirfitas*.'" , {fjfi|d»ip^h»r 'HfkxHt * »r« JI. ..
' T w a * •• ” - ■ a * •’ 'V-'y- *• f- -v '