Newspaper Page Text
JOHN U.CUB 1 # T Y ( {
EDITOR. “ - -1
‘ff.'D MSSisaifigM SsW& aifegiteRAa.
* ’ ' j T. M. L l.WKIX * D< j. ADiUS
1 - noniRou jlns rcBiuauts
JtEW SERIES—VOL. III., NO. 33.
ATHENS, THURSDAY, APRIL 25, 1850.
Volume ivm number 3
REPORT ON CALIFORNIA.
.fcOJSCU-DED.]
than the cultivation of the soil.
Wheat, barley, maize, beans and
edible roots, were cultivated in suffi-
t s ’ 0 *l, j ciem quantity for home consumption, the climate is sufficiently warm to ma
Tfc. flack 1 !.**** AtomTtaradav*' The valleys which arc situated par- 1 bul ’ a * far as 1 aro inJor;neil » not for ex- tore crops of Indian corn, rice, and pro-
CM. fa it. ; arici , he c . mst rang,., ami lliose whirl, P° rlall ° n - Al ».al time • a full-grown bably lobMco.
r^f.-SSfaS.5S5; e*ien<l easlwardly in nil dircclions i »*«'■ ” as ^. nh ^°“ l j The nnlfWlrB" of the grnpe ban at-
and mdmAtliem in’th'eevruinn- among lbs hills, towttrdn the plain of ,' lu -‘?rs- 'Beef cattle, delivered on the traded much attention at the missions,
H. b.. . livery stable .t M.rw, I j&cramrntd, are of unsiirnassed nIlv, S ablc "'alcrs of Sa.i Francisco, are among the residents of towns, and the
jPuj'OTKa?'": feililiiy- P now worth from SSO to *30 per head;(rural population, had been auended
. 1-^ .... i They have a deep black, alluvial j
soil, which has the appearance ofhav-
report their pro-J advantage of the southeast trade winds.
COMPOUND SYRUP OF NAPHTHA. |
hy .he fact .ha, the rising groifnds
Ions*. Thu medicine tun decided the diaputr *itout, on the borders of these valleys, and
the curability of orrfi<unipti<,n, and satisfied the nidi- \ many hills of moderate elevation, have
L~£; I a • oil p.nciscly like, that of Ihe adjoin-
cund. but they are as easily and simply cured, as al- \ mg plains.
*«**">J «r wMcbth. humj. fir»u>o This soil is so porous, tlmt It re-
is Uable. The operation of a single bottle, which costs .. \ \ li
ft, « strflkient to Ratify nnv patiem-if not a |*o- ma ns perfectly unbroken by gullies,nol-
getber too far gone aitli the disco#.—of this fact; anJ ■ withstanding the great quantity of
even a.*ingVedoso giyos erideucet^ it# extraordinary j j pr which falls in it annually durinj
influence in arresting and era<Ucaung (lie .malady by J 1
of the most emment phv«eian« of the
'^t'wid.in*
f himself, for
... retaliated to
I good. And such has be
udorful
result of it* operations, that the London Lancct.Med-
tad Tines, and the most eminent physician* of both
hemispheres, arc anxioudr culling upon sufferers to
hare immediate recourse to it, and proclaiming ttm
of all kotnrn medicine, it alone has positive!;
lished its eflkacT by • • • < '
sumption and all otlit
So/’tWluni
irely esfc
curing c<
Dr# Le Hoy’s
SARSAPARILLA AND WILD CHERRY
** *' *- **** 9
The only Medicine at. once Strengthening,
Purifying and Purgative,
in existence.
milESE Tills are the very perfection of medicine, us
* they thoroughly purge andpttrify, without weaken-
Ow, the system, which is tl»e great end that has long
been sought for, but never before discovered.
We said “ witho it weakening the system •” but in
fact Dr. L* Roy • Pith strengthen while they puryt!—
They produce no'straining !-
ity. On the contrary, nnder their inflnt
tion and fwijtentio* go liand in hand! By thi
■ *’“ r rather by a confederation of
tho same time harden the
the blood—fortify the digest! 1
the appetite—open the
freely discharge all superfit
attended with griping. natm
“* ’- '“'-’w btfort tin
tram*; eo that patients who take them can sei
believe that they arc under the operation »*{ medicine,
c under th
a instead of the usual dcbili..,.,., s
tires, they feel a glow of health and i
Hy during the
wet season. The land in ihe northern
part oF the territory on the Trinity and
other rivers, anti on the borders«l Clear
Lake, as far as it has been examined, is
unit! to-be remarkably fertile.
The great valley of the Sacramento
and-San Joaquin has evidently been,
at some remote period, the bed of a
lake ; and those rivers, which drain it,
present the appearance of having cm
their channels through the alluvial de
posit after it hat! been formed. In
Fact, it is not possible that they could
bare been instrumental in Forming the
plain through which they pass. Their
jiend-waters come from the extreme
ends oft be valley, north and south; and,
were it not For the supply of water re
ceived frotn the streams which flow into
them from the Sierra Nevada, their beds
would he almost, if not quite dry in the
summer months. The soil is very rich,
and, with a proper system of drainage
arid embankment, would, undoubtedly
l>e capable of producing any crop, ex
cept sugar cane, now cultivated in tin
\tluntic Stales of the Union.
There are many bcuutilul valley
md rich hillsides among the foot-hills I
'Anif * be Sierra Nevada, which, when the
nnp!ta.-ant^is!i*lon;!.l ,r ^|* ,s °Hhhor in[ mining shall he re-
■** ,n other tv»s- j duced so as to cause its application to
jj j agriculture, will probably support a
tg Cfta-t* f>f |»urga- j hi/ge population. There is said lobe
rich belt of well-timbered and water-
!—no ilebil-
^ S‘e j
;lions—they I
$10, j with much success, wherever it has been
now valued at $60 to S150. The j attempted. The dry season secures
destruction of cattle for their hides and ! the fruit from those diseases which are
tallow has now entirely ceased, in con- j so fatal in the Atlantic States, and tl
sequence of the demand for beef.— : attains very great perfection.
This demand will of course increase! The wine made from it is of excel-
with the population ; and it would seem lent quality, very palatable, and can be
that, in a very few years, there will be | produced in any quantity. The grapes
none to supply the market. jare delicious, and produced with very
II we estimate the number of cattle, little labor. When taken from the
now in Californio, at 600,000 head, ■ vines in bunches and suspended in a
which is believed to be about the num-jdry room by the stems, they become
her—and the population at 120,000, lor: partially dry, retain their flavor, and re-
the year 1850—a low estimate—and J main several weeks, perhaps months,
suppose it to increase one hundred I without decay.
thousand per annum, there will be in j Apples, pears and peaches, are cul-
the Territory or State, in 1854, five j rivaled with facility, and there is no
hundred and twenty thousand people. reason to doubt that all the fruits of the
If we adopt the estimate of those; Atlantic States can be produced in
well acquainted with the demand, of i great plenty and perfection,
half a beef, on an average, to each in-1 The grasses are very luxuriant anti
habitant, it appears there will be a con-' nutritious, attar ding excellent pasture,
sumption, in 18-50,' of 60,000 head; in The oats which spring up the whole
1851, of 110,000; in 1852, of 160,000 ; j length of the sea-coast, and from forty
in 1S53, of 210,000 ; in 1854, of 260,- • to sixty miles inland, rentier the culti-
000. Making an aggregate of 800,000, < valion of that crop entirely unnecessa-
which would absorb all the present; ry, nnd yield a very great quantity of
stock, with its natural increase. . !.nutritious food for- horses, cattle and
This is a very important matter, as j sheep. The dry season matures, and I
connected with the amount of supply i may say, cures these gras;
vated in the Atlantic States, are pro- [from injury by tcetweather, are probably ‘ ceedinga and awards to Congress, for i and “ standing broad off the Cfape,**
duced in great perfection. In all the J sufficient to meet any expense which confirmation or rejection; will be the! make the voyage to San Francisco hi
valleys east of the coast range ol hills ! may be incurred in irrigation, or caused best and perhaps the only satistaemry j as short a time as they can-to. Val-
' ' r a time, by a scanty supply of tint- I mode of adjusting- this complex and ; paraiso or any port south of California,
r. | difficult question. j Vessels have sailed frotn our Atlantic
In the northern part of the Territory, i The lands in the northern part ol the - ports to San Francisco in less than one
above latitude 39 deg., and on the bills j Territory, above 39. deg., have not. hundred days, and they have been it#
which rise from the great plain of the j been explored or granted. They are j more than one instance over one huo-
Sacramento and San Joaquin, to the j supposed to embrace an area of about 1 dred and twenty days in going from
foot of the Sierra Nevada, the forests of j twenty millions ot acres, a large por-1 Panama to San Francisco,
timber are beautiful and extensive, and ; tion of which is doubtless valuable tor | This astonishing difference* in time
would, if brought into use, he sufficient-! its limber and soil. ' j and distance, was caused by the course
ly productive to supply the wants of j Comparatively few grants have been | of the winds and the “gulf stream*’ of
the southern and western portions of obtained in the great valley of the Sac-J the Pacific, mentioned in my remarks
the State. i ramento and San Joaquin. This vast i on the climate of California,
I have spoken of the agricultural pro-i tract, therefore, containing, ns is csti-j The vessels from our Atlantic ports
ducts and resources of the country with- j mated, from twelve to fifteen millions j took advantage of the winds by steer-
out reference to the remarkable state of,' of acres, belongs mostly to the Govern-! ing/rom the Cape as far into the Pacific
things caused by the discovery of gold, j ment. South of this valley, and west J as to be enabled to take a course west
which it is probable * will postpone for j of the Colorado, within the limits of j ot the gulf stream in sailing northward,
an indefinite time efforts to improve the! Californio, as indicated in her constitn- thus availing themselves first of the
soil. As long as laborers can earn fif- j tion, there ore said to be extensive tracts southeast, then of the northwest
teendollarsor more perday, in collecting of valuable unappropriated land, and trades” and avoiding opposing cur-
gold, the}- can very well afford to im-jon investigation it will probably appear | rents.
port their supplies from countries where that there arc many of them in detached j The vessels from Panama were kept
the wages of labor ore not more than bodies, which have not been granted-, j back by calms, mlverse winds atul«
which that country will ultimately
quire lroni the Atlantic States of the
Union. There is no other country on
earth, which has, or will ever possess,
the means of supplying so great a de
mand.
It is now a well established fact
among the emigrants to California, that
oxen possess greater powers of en
durance than mules or horses; that
they will perform the distance with
loaded wagons in less time, and come
the end of the journey in better
condition.
- Cows -are now driven in considera
ble numbers from Missouri, and the
time cannot be far distant when cattle
from the western States will be driven
c urate i
• them a-
THE great advantages posscroed hy this article or*
* erery ether, arc Certainty, Hafetr, Convenience an.. , ,
Economy. Alt physicians a>hnit thru {treat danger is • ifo; great SIP
to be apprehendod from «lroggui^ the eye when in an r .
inflamed and unhealthy state. In the use of thi-
Salve this objection Is entirely removed, as ho Imnu
can po*.«iWy *e*ult from its use; ft Wing in all cn-es
Applied to the external portion# of the eye, therein-
avoiding all the inconvenience, p;iin and danger, wliicli
necessarily attend the introduction of any pungent ar
ticle into the eve. Its activity in subduing infitntmn-
tion is so great that hut fcw cuse* require the use of
more than oneholtle to effect a perfect cure. One phy-
•k-iaa remarked h> n*. after haring witnessed its ef
fect* ia ttv«t*l instances that it was a “ perlvrt fire
killer." All we ark is that its virtues be thoroughly
tested, and that tlic directions lie strictly followed.
Price 50 cents per box-
that they remain in an excellent state
of preservation during the summer anti
autumn, and afford an ample supjily of
forage. While the whole surface of
the country appears parched, ami vege
tation destroyed, the numerous (locks
and herds, which roam oyer it, eon-
lindein excellent condition.
Although the-rnildness of the winter
months and the fertility of the soil se
cure to California ver3 - decided agri
cultural advantages, it is admitted that
irrigation would be of very great impor
tance, and necessarily increase the pro
ducts of the soil in quantity and varie
ty, during the greater part of the dr}'
season. It should therefore be encour
aged by government, in the survey and
of thousands to sup- disposition of the public lands, as far as
rket. j practicable. .
If California increases in. population j The farmer derives some very im-
as fast as the most moderate estimate j portant benefits from the dry season.—
would lead us to believe, it will not be j His crops in harvest time, are never in-
five years before she will require more j jured by rain ; he can with perfect
annually by i
u U «... from .W -J .tun, j c< | coulll[v extend I » S . l he whole lenglli j 0 ? na “!
IMPORTANT remedy, i of the gold region between it mul Sierra | 1 j..
DR. MITCHELL'S EYE SALVE. ; Nevada, some uvenly mile, in width.
i There is op information sufficiently De
spooling the eastern slope of
ivy range to enable us to-
lorui auv opinion of its general charnc- i l * ,nn wnc hundred thousand head of. fidencc permit them to remain in his
after, or soil. Some of its valleys have bee ^ caU * e l ,er annum, from some j fiejds as long after they have been gath-
visited by miners, who represent ‘l uarler « supply the Wants of her peo- ered as his convenience may requi
equal to any portion of the -P*®* , , ,
n the westward ol it * t It must not be supposed that salt
-! The great valley of the Colorado, sit- ‘ P«'» vi i s ' <>n s may supply this vast de-
umeil between the Sierra Madre and inan(L Those who have attempted to
r-! the Sierra Nevada, is but little known. * 1,vc °? such . food .* duri !’S . the . ! ,r l. sea '
®,Ilis inhahiied by numerous tribes of
; savages, who manifest the most decided
| hostility towards the whiles, and have
| hitherto prevented any-explorations of ;
I>». Gordon's
VEGETABLE A XT 1 - II I L L 10 U S
• - FAMILY PILLS.
F IR tbccnra of H«tl#di#. OitWme**, Salt Rbeum,
Rhaamatbim, I’ik#, Iloartbnrn, Worm.-. Drspep-
«*, Cbolcra Morbus, Ptjbia in tlw Hack, Lim’ba and
Joint*. General Weakm-Aa, Fit-, Con'-unn'itkaf, Palpita
tion of th« Heart, Liver Complaint, Hrang in the
Throat, Krrupel*-, Dealhes-, Dropsy, Astlima, Itching
of the Skm. Fever: of all kind*. Cold-, (i„ut. Cmvel,
Female Complaint«, Nerrovw CnropUinK and att other ,
Diwwici arising frotn impnritie# of the blood, aial wor- i |
bid accretion# of the livemnd >t< tu«fh.
Ererj disease to which the human fRtnte i# -ul.j
J ' " n impurkiea of thc blood or denuigrni
Those who have
live on such food, during
son, have been * attacked with scurvy
and oilier cutaneous diseases, of which
many have died..
There is no climate in ihe world
their country, and do not permit emi- ! wl,cre ,norc ffesl > meal and vegetables
grants to pass through it. Therefore, i are more esse !‘ l,a . 110 human health. In
parties from Santa Fe, on their way to * ** acl are indispensable.,
California, are compelled to make must not be inferred that-cattle
circuit of-near a thousand miles north- i dri ve n across the plains and mountains,
ward to the Salt Lake, or about the i ^ rom western States, will be fit for
same distance southward by the route 1 bee. on their arrival in California. But
of ihe Gila. Although this valley j* one winter and spring on the luxuriant
little known, there are indications that! pastures of that country will put them
fertile and valuable.
'The name of the river “ Colorado, 1
is descriptive of its waters; they are
as deeply coloicd as those of the Mis
souri or Red river, while those, of the
Gila, which we know flows through bar-
U tbs digestive ergau*
Dr. Gordon's Family Pills,
B«bj CMBpouodctl exclusivelv of #uch ingredient# r*
■fern^galfinipurilie# from tb« bodr, opening the pores . 11 woul « seem impossible for a large
cxtennDy and intanaUr,«>parMmg all foreign and ub- fiver to collect sediment enough in a
f ml r v l,i ' rre " s °. i . 1 .’ » s ' v -'> crs s "
oority oecaringq tree and Tigorona acfiontotbc Heart,' <» pf -ply^ ns to give It a name gtnoilj
condition which would render
them acceptable in any Atlantic mar
ket.
These grazing grounds are extensive
enough to support five times as many
cattle as may be annually required ;
therefore, there will be no scarcity of
food for them.
quainted with a drover who
he has no fears that they will be injured
by wefor unfavorable weather. Hence
it is that many who have long been ac
customed to that climate, prefer it to the
changeable weather east of the Rocky
mountains.
As already staled, the forests of Cal
ifornia, south of lat. 39 deg., and west of
ihe foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, are
limited to detached, scattering groves
of oak in the valleys, and of red-wood
on the ridges ami on the gorges of the
bills.
It can be of no practical use to spec
ulate on the causes which have denud
ed so large an extent of the country,
further than in ascertain whether the
soil is or is not favorable to the growth
of forest trees*- 1.
When the dry season sets in, the en
tire surface is-covered, with a luxuriant
growth ot grass and oats,- which, as the
summer advances^ becomes perfectly
dry. The remains of al) dead trees aud
shrubs also become dry. These mate
rials, therefore, arc very combustible,
and usually take fire in the latter part of
from fifty cents to one dollar per day.
It is not, therefore, to be supposed that
the soil will be cultivated more than the
production of vegetables, fruits, and oih-
arlicles so perishable in their nature
that they cannot be brought from a
great distance, will require.
To secure this important market for
the products and manufactures of the
States east ot the Rocky Mountains is
undoubtedly an object of the grealest
importance, ii will be considered in
ils proper place.
PUBLIC DOMAIN-
The extent and value of the public
lands, suitable for agricultural purpo
ses in California, cannot be ascertained
with any degree of accuracy until some
very important preliminary questions
shall have been settled.
It is not known whether the Jesuits
who founded the missions, or their suc
cessors, the Franciscans, ever did, or do
now hold any title from the Spanish
crown to the lands which they occupi
ed. Nor has any investigation been
made to ascetiaiu how far those titles,
if. they ever existed, have been invali
dated by the acts of the priests, or the
decrees of the Mexican, government.
A superficial view of the matter
would be very apt to lead to the sup
position that the Jesuits, so celebrated
lor wisdom and cunning, would not fail
secure that which, at that time, would
probably have been obtained r»y merely
asking lor it—a royal decree, granlin
them all the lands they might require
that remote country for ecclesiastical
purposes. There have been sonic in *
motions to that effect, but nothing
distinctly known. These missions
embrace within .their limits some of the
Lvalauble lands in the Territory,
and it is very important that it should
be ascertained whether they belong to
the Government, or may be justly
lahned by individuals.
Most of the land, fit for cultivation,
south of latitude 39 deg., and west of
the valley of the Sacramento and San
Joaquin, is claimed under what pur
port to be, grants from the Mexican
government.
St of these grants the minerals !
and metals are reserved to the govern-j
ment—conditions were coupled with j
many of them which have not been j.
plied With. In others, the bounda-
left California in December last, wilh ? summer and beginning of autumn,
the intention of bringing in ten thou-1 W ‘ HC " commonly passes over the whole
tot, Un.«M OMa'Sfeaf *S3X! lbo»'&lH»' discovered'and barn! ttnd sheep from New Mexico. • Tbia I defraying, in ils course,
! sinec'visiicd ils shores. Tlic probabili-! shows ihai ilia flocks and herds, east J°«»8 and trees. In Tact
v, therefore, is, that this river flows (of the Rocky mountains, are looked ~ ***”
unimpeding a
Wood, thej Tender the aystem not uo/y Uioraeglil-
•ouad cot also impervious to <Ii«ea?c, even when a 1
«thw »eqna have foiled. Within tlic laittwcfo
“ »uf the most
seems,to be the same process which has
ig the
■5 liiroogl, an ailuv'inlvalley ofTerti'lily", iaireadvas'lhe source’from whM.~if,ej deslroyed-or prevented (begrowib of for-
hich hus never been explored. This j markets on the Pacific are to be S BP* j ^? l lrees ol * *‘ ie P rwacs . the western
gmrated forms of Dyspepsia have been cured by the conjecture is strengthened by the fact j plied. j States, and not any ^quality in tbc soil
that ihe Indians who inhabit it are hos- i The climate and soil of California
(*(»£<• and srhm death stared it# miserable vktiiu ldc nnd oppose, ns far ns they can. all: are well suited to the growth of wheal,
fdWkoGiefaee. If Dr.Gordop>nil#ar<Mvpat«d|pt- v i persons who attempt to enter or ex-!barley, rye and oats. The tempera-
-fn-m i an fewla thffittnarakimtosai aufSaLt^ 1 P* orc This has been their uniform : lure along the coast, is loo cool for the
"vrofto* to fame" the name ot their mreutor, as a J course of conduct respecting ail por- i culture of maize, os a field crop. The
hwfoetor ofhi# ycaeo. - . lions of the continent which have been 1 fact that oats, the species which is cul-
I*-This mediane never foOs to cure the worst ra- _u„ i:._: t .l I.; .t- a .i„ o.-. ,. __
Pitta, in tine vrcck.
•V ‘ Fa* afeflra detailed dracriptionof the Medicine, the
wwwrd ila opera tioa, Um com pliant# it is adapted
. to, and the core# it ha# performed we refer our reader.
U emr agent#, a ho »H1 give ihcni * pamphlet grati#;
fertile, abounding in game and the spon- ; rivaled in the Atlantic States, are an-
product ions of the earth. * | nuaily self-sowed and produced
As this valley is situated m the di- ! plain* anJ hHh along the coast, and
vt routteTrom Sanxa’Fe to California, j as far .mland as the sea-breeze has a
hs thorough exploration becomes ' * ~ * - - f
^ marked-mfluence on ihe climate, is suf-
Gwenwidi ftweW Scar York, matter of vTry'grvai importance, espe- ficient proof that all the cereal gratis
«!»Ry as it is highly probable that the may he successluMy cultivated without
v JLUCI.VA eORWAL;
. THE EUXIR Oi’ LOVE.
oed far gca end prostration
MNkcl iohrrwst tuy c
oprvatkma. Jt# asrivaHod reputatiua
elevated region^ to the north of it, cov-1 the aid of irrigation.
eretKwitfc snow during most- of the j It is quite true lhat this auxiliary-was
ye.-nCwil! force tlic line of the great na- f extensively employed at the missioos,
•tional railway lo-'the Pacific through ! and undoubtedly increased the pro-
soms portions of it. ^ ! duct of all crops to wflich it was aj>-
'fl f have- described situated > plied, as it will in any country on earth
r, west of the Sierra Nevada, anti em- {if skilfully used. This does not prove,
*■ 'bracing the plain of tlic Sacremento' however, that it was essentially ■nccessa-
•od San Joaquin, covers an area, as, ry to the production, of an ample re-
nearly ns I car. estimate, of between J ward to the' husbandman. The expe-
fifiy and sixty thousand square miles, rience of all the old inhabitants is suffi-
add would, nnder a proper system- of'cient evidence of this. If their imper-
cuhWattoRr be capable of supporting a feet mod? ol culture secured .satisfacto
" 1 ‘ ry returns, it is reasonable to -presume
- m “DR^BT
O n'RBY-i
population equal to that of Ohio or New
Ifork at the present (imeT - .
^ ^FRODOCTS OF CALIFORNIA.
^ferf Pncyiiiusr lo thc treaty of peace with
* Mexico, and the discovery ot gold,: the
exportable products of the count ry edn-
Aisted almost exclusively of hides and
‘W. - The Caiifoniiaus were a pas-
fhiW much mortal ten-
.s-Avrtfl , t z r. ■ -
1 do not speak of the gold region, • rents. It will be perceived, therefore
embracing the entire foot-hills of the j that there can he no inducement for
Sierra Nevada, some five hundred miles ! vessels bound round Capo Horn, with
long and sixty miles broad, in connec- , mixed or assorted cargoes, to stop at
tion with the public domain, which may J Valparaiso. Callao, .Guayaquil, or any
be embraced in the general laud system other port on the west coast, because
for sale and settlement, for reasons J the exports of all those places will seek
which will hereafter be assigned. a market at San Francisco ; and their
The survey of the public lands on a | supply of merchandise, as return freight.
system suited to the interests of the ! will be delivered at less expense than it
country is a matter of very great im-can by vessels direct from Atlantic
portance. In the inhabited portions j ports, American or Euro|>can. This
of the Territory, the boundaries of ( tendency ;»f trade to concentrate at San
Mexican grants, running as they do in. 1 Francisco, will be aided by the course
all directions, will render the system of exchange.
of surveys by parallels of latitude and 1 Gold dust is worth but $17 per ounco
longitude quite impracticable. | in Chili. It is worth SIS at the United
In all parts of the country irrigation j States mint. If, therefore, a merchant
is desirable, and its benefits should lie : at Valparaiso has ten thousand ounces
secured as far as possible, hy suitable in Sun Francisco, received in payment
surveys and legal regulations. Most j for lumber, barley, flour, or oilier pro
of the valleys are watered by streams duce, and desires an invoice of good;
sufficiently large to be rendered very
useful. It would therefore seem wise
to lay off the land in conformity to the
course of the hills and streams which
bound and drain the valleys.
A system of drainage, which would
also secure irrigation, is absolutely ne
cessary to give value to the great plain
of the Sacramento and San Joaquin.—
This valley is so extensive and level,
that if the river3 passing through it
were never to overflow their banks, the
rain which falls in winter would render
the greater portion of it unfit for culti
vation. The foundation of sucli a sys
tem can only he established in the sur
vey and sale of the land.
This can be done by laying out canals
and drains, at suitable distances, and in
goods
frotn the United States or Europe, lie
will gain $10,000 at the outset by
sending bis gold to New York, besides
saving something on the freight and
insurance, aud at least one mouth’s in
terest.
. The countries on the west coast of
America have no exports which find a
market in China, or other parts of Asia.
San Francisco will, therefore, become
not only the mart of these exports, but
also of the products and manufactures
of India required in exchange for them,
which must be paid for, principally, in
gold coin or gold dust. Neither gold
coin nor gold dust will answer as a
remittance to China. Gold, in China, is
not currency in any shape, nor is it re
ceived in payment of import duries, or
taxes on laud, or on the. industry of the
proper directions, and by hating wide
gins to the. rivers, that they may have plenty • people,
of room to increase t/teir channels when their i The value of pure gold in China is
waters shall be confined within, them by <m- j not far from $14 the ounce. Hcncc,
hnnkments. the importer of manufactures and pro-
It would be well also to regulate the* ducts of India into San Francisco vvjH
price of these lands, so as to meet, in ! remit the gold coin or dust direct to
some degree, the expense of. draining New York,, for investment in sterling
them. bills on London. These bills will bo
This system would, when agriculture' sent to London, mid placed to the credit
shall become a pursuit iu California, of the firm in China frofo .whom the
make this valley one of the most beau-1 merchandise had been received, and
tiful and productive portions of the Uni- J who, on learning of the remittance hav-
on. ; ing gone forward to their agents, will
commercial resources. draw a six months’ right bill lor tlic
The commercial resources of Califor- I amount, which will sell in China at the
nia arc, at present, founded entirely! rate of four shillings and two pence or
on her mclalic wealth—her vast mineral I tliree pence per dollar. .
described embrace two .or three [ treasures remaining undeveloped, and j I have a statement before iqe from
limes as much land as the grant con- her fertile soil almost wholly neglected ; ■ one of the most eminent merchants and
veys* and this must continue to be the ease as bankers of New York, who was for
- - - - long as labor, employed in collecting \ many years engaged extensively in. ifa©
gold shall be more profitable than in f India trade, which shows that tjic profit
any other pursuit which can furnish
the sinews ol comme
friendly to their .growth.
The absence of timber and the ct
inuance of the'dry season are apt*
be regarded by farmers, oq first going
into the couutry, as irremediable de
fects, and as presenting obstacles, al
most insurmountable, to the successful
progress of agriculture. A little expe
rience will modify these opinions.
It is soon ascertained that the soil will
produce abundantly' without manure ;
thqt flocks and herds sustain themselves
through the winter wilboot -beipg fed at
the farmyard, and, -cortseqiienrly, no
labor is necessary 10 provide forage for
them ; that* ditches - are easily‘ dug,
which presenWery ; good barriers for
the protection of crops, until live fences
The Mexican law required all grants
made by the provisional government,
with few exceptions, to be confirmed
by the Supreme government. The
great distance which separated them,
and the unfrequent or difficult means of
communication, made a compliance
with the law so expensive anti tardy,
that it came to be almost disregarded.
There were other causes which led to
this neglect.- -
Previous to the treaty with Mexico
and the imigralioa of American citi
zens to that country, land, was not re
garded as of much value, except for
grazing purposes. There was room
enough for all. Therefore the claim
ants or proprietors did not molest each
other, or inquire into the validity of ti
tles. .
These extensive grants are described
by uatural boundaries, such as moun
tains, bays and promontories, which, in
many instances, might allow a variation
of several miles in the establishment of
a corner with chain and. compass-
By the treaty of Gaudalupe Hidalgo,
the United Stales purchased-all the
rights anil interest of Mexico to and in
California^ This purchase not only
embraced all the lands which bad been
granted by Mexico, but all the reserv-
gain on 10,000 oz. of gold, thus re
mitted, would be $34,434 44
And that the loss on the -
same quantity, sent direct
to China, would be 15,600 00
that a more perfect system would pro- i is not necessary to gather them. They
iluce much greater fesuItV.’ There is can be used or sokl from the field yvbere
they
be planed, and have time to’grow.) ed minerals and ..metals, and also re
forest trees jqay jig planted with little J versionary rights which might accrue, to
labor, and in a very lew years.attain a (.Mexico from a want of compliance on
sufficient size for '-budding and fencing ilhe part of the grantees with tbe-coudi-^
purposes. ; Tirtje may Rc~usefaIIy.em- rrions.of their grants,era teax* ofperfec-
ployed in sowing various grain and j don in the grants.
root crops, doring.the wet or winter sea- j It will Be perceived that this is a sub-
son. There is no weather cold enough , ject of very great importance, not only
to destroy root crops, and, therefore, it j to the people of. California but to the
! • r - -.%■ 1 ' mi _ ' Vi -. -.1 o...,, - 1 _ r
grefflferi
abundant evidence to p.rove that, in the
rich alluvial valleys, wheat and Barley
have produced . from forty to sixty
bushels from one bushel pf seed, ’totfh-
ovX irrigation.
. Irish potatoes, Jurnips. onmos, in fact
• • ‘ ; ■ ■•’•s
United States, and uall* for prompt and
efficient action on the part of rbe^Gov?
eminent.,It is believed tbattbeappoint
ment of competent commissioners, fuL
ly empowered to investigate tbese ti
tles, iiv a spirit of kindness, towards the
Ipplrcd foolh^r objects. * ’ ’ |. clmtnants t .whb power to-confirm such
IHbeSe iVihgsr jtc^^^.^tb, the
The labor, therefore, re
quired in the most of the. old States to
lell ihe forests, clear- the laqd of rub-#
bish, and prepare it-for seed, may here
•be*f ^ -
The day is probably not distant,
however, when her minerals, especially
the quicksilver mines, will lie exten
sively and profitably worked ! t"-
Gold is the product of the countrj', Total difference iu profit and .
and is immediately available, in an un- loss' io .(avor of the re-
coinqd slate, for all the purposes! mittance to New York, $50,034 44
of exchange. It is not there, as iu other j It will thus be perceived, that nature
countries where the productions ofthe’baa so arranged ihe winds aud currents
earth and of art am sent to markets— . of the Pacific, and disposed of bpr
foreign or domestic—to be exchanged 1 vast treasures in the hills and tnountuins
for the precious metals, or other articles • of California, as to give to the harbor
of value. There, gold not only sup-* of San Francisco the control of lh«
plies the medium of domestic tracle, but J commerce of that ocean, as faros it
of foreign commerce. | may be connected with the west coast
At first view, this state of things; of America:
would seem to be unfavorable to an ex- 'Important as the commerce of the
tensi ve intercourse with other partsof the | Pacific undoubtedly: is, and will be, to
world because of the want of return ' California, it cannot now, nor will it
frieghts of home production* for the vast ever, compare in magnitude and yaftie
number of vessels which will arrive'to the domestic trade between her and
with supplies. .The older Slates of the Union.
These vessels, however making no Two years ago, California did not
calculations on return cargoes, will es- , probably contain more than fifteen tbou-
tiraate the entire profits of the voyage on _ sand people. That portion of it which
their outward frieghts, an 1 become, on j has since been so wortderfuljj^peopled
their arrival, willing carriers for a . by American citizens, was comparativo-
cornparatively small consideration. ly without inhabitants^ without re-
Tbis tendency in tbc course of trade, sources, and not supplied with the com-
it would seem, must make San Fran- [ mod comforts of shelter afforded by a
cisco a warehouse for the supply, to a j forest country.
certain.extent, of all the ports of the ( Notwithstanding the great, distances
Pacific, American, + Asiatic and the; emigrants have been compelled to u^v-
Tslauds. , ;el to reacli the Territory,,more than one
Almost-every , .article now exported I hundred thousand, have overcome all
by them finds a ready market in,Cali- ] difficulties, apd spread themselves oyer
fornia, and the establishment of a mint! q s h»U& and plaiass, have.been
will brim* there nlsn 1 hit silver hullion.^ ...nnVia.1 frnm .I'lilanrai n* imi!.»-ailh#V
will bripg there also the silver bullion, ’ supplied from distances as gre^ns lhey
amounting to. more than ten millions per, themselves have passed, with not only
annum L-nm a. —m .t _ _ coni forts and
life* Houses
w ^ ( Jha>te bqcn imporied fnvn Ch«na, tfojli,
Vessels -hound ropnd Cape Hnrn. uaqtl jhq AUauiic States of the Union,—
with cargoes for'markets on thcAnaeri*, AU .the materials fequirt"* *" MMmm
-•*i vrvs ,
, v HPI rT _ ........ jMlfinf
tales as justice jq ay seem v>klc«BaD<t orjctn rcm^pCibe PaRifiFn can, by Riupsa.^pd' .towjsj; bay? &£&.•£$$$