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the waul* of a people to numerous, J to Sap Francisco. These latter vessel*
destitute, and remote from the sources : will be found peculiarly suited lor lhal
of supply. .<►- [trade; they can use their steam thro*
These wnnl* will exist as' .long as the calms of the bay ot Panama, and
einigrntioii cohtimir# to How into i lie j against head-winds and currents coming
haps some of them thirty miles apart.
Hence it appears that the gold veins
equally rich in all parts of that
country, and labor employed iu collect- south.
mg gufd shall be none profitable than j These modes of conveyance, in conncc-
its application to agriculture, the ine-j tion with the railroad across the Isthmus, sect and cut through ibe gold regii
chanic arts, and the great variety rtf would be sufficiently expeditious and running from east to west, at irregular
pursuits which nre fostered and so*-. economical to turn the tide ofcmnmerce, distances of fifteen uy.vventy, and per
tained in miter civilized communities. between the Atlantic and Pacific btates
-This may be shown by mentioning of the Union, into that channel. The
the prices ol a few articles. Last sum- tendency of our commerce on the Pa-
iner and autumn, lumber was sold in cific to promote the employment of
tfan Francisco at 3300 to $400 per tboo- ocean steamers is of much importance
sand leer. At Stockton and Sacramen-. as connected with the defence of our . w
In city, $600 to $G00. At these prices, extensive line of const from latitude 32 which uniformly confirm what nature
it could be made in the Territory, and cleg, to 49 deg., the protection of the 50 plainly shows in the rivers,
many persons were engaged in the bu> I whale fishery, and other branches of j For the purpose of forming some
rioess. I perceive l»y rrernt accounts, i trade on that ocean. The establish- opinion'respecting the probable amount
that the- price had fallen at San Fran- I meul of a line of heavy steamers to Chi-
ciscrt to $76; at this price it cannot be j ua would promote all these^objects
doubtedly liecn cut or worn from the of the west season, we hav6 au estimate
veins in the rock, with which tneir; ot $15,000,000 ; at least five of which
currents have come in contact. All of i was collected bv foreigners, lyho pos-
them appear to he equally rich. Thisj sessed many advantages from their ex
shown by the fact that a laborin'
man mav collect nearly os much in 0111
riveras he can in another. They inter- j These estimates give, as the result of
perienee in mining and knowledge of
j the country.'
the operations in the mines for 1843
and 1849, the round sum of $10.000,000,
one half of which was probably collect
ed and carried out of the country by
foreigners.
From the best information 1 could
remarkable sect inn of country. Were [obtain, I am led to believe that at least
it warning, there arc further proofs of
this in the ravines and dry diggin;
made where labor is from $10 in $16
per day, and (lie difficulties attending
its mauufactnre nre much greater than
- in the Atlantic Stales. Lumber can be
delivered in our large lumber markets
tor mi average of the various qualities
.of $10. and freighted to San Francisco
tor $24, making $40 per 1000 fi.‘ This
price would cause the manufacture of
H in California to he niiundnned. We
may add $20 per tlioosand, to meet nnv
increase of price in the article itself, or
in the freight, and the result would be
tlic same. «
It is probable that the demand, for
several years to come, will not lie less
than 20,000.000 of feet per annum,
which, at $40 per 1000, will be $8,000,-
000. ■*
Whan California comes to have n
imputation of 200.000, which she will
have before the close of the present
year, she will require near balfa million
of barrels of flour from some quarter,
mid no country can supply it as good
and cheap as the old Slates of the
Union. Including freight and intu-
ranee, this may be set down ns an item !
of about $6,000,000. The article of;
clothing—allowing $20 to each jterson
—would lm $4,000,000,
There is no pieicnsion to accuracy in
ihese items, and they may be estimated
too high, but it is quite as probable they
are too low.
We have no data on which to found
a calculation of what the value of the
trade between the Slates cast of the
Rocky Mountains and California will be
daring the current year. I will venture
the opinion, however, that, it will net
fall short of $26,000 000. It may go
fur beyond (hat sum. At present, I can
perceive no cause which will retard or
diminish emigration.
If the movement shall continue 6
years, our commerce with that Territo
ry riiay rench $100,000,000 per annum.
Thitf‘is doubtless a startling sum, but
it must be borne in mind that we have
to build cities and towns, supply machi
nery for mining, coal for domestic por-
crcuse our intercourse with that coun-
_ f and probably be the means of open
ing communications with Japan. Mo
ney wisely employed in promoting these
objects, it is believed, would add more
to the power and prosperity of the
country than its expenditure on any
general system «l fortification at the
present prices of labor and materials.
There is one point, however, ol such
vast importance that no time should be
lost in taking the necessary steps to ren
der it pet feet ly impregnable—that is the
entrance to the harbor of San Francis
co. On the strength of the works
which may lie erected to defend that
passage will depend'ibe safely of Cali
fornia in time of war with a maratime
(lower. Permit a hostile fleet to cast
anchor in the harbor of San Francisco,
and the countty would be virtually
conquered.
The coast has not been surveyed, nor
has its outline been correctly ascer
tained. There are many rocks above
and below the water-line, ami small
islands uni mentioned nr indicated
any chart, which render navigation
near the (and, especially at night, ex
tremely dangerous.
An accurate survey of the coast, to
commence at the most important points,
the construction of light-houses and
the placing of buoys in proper positions,
nre objects of much importance, and it
is not doubted, will attract the early at
tention of the government.
METALLIC AND MINERAL WEALTH.
The gold tegion of California is be
tween four and five hundred miles long,
and from forty to fifty tniles broad, fol
lowing the line of the Sierra Nevada.
Further discoveries may, and probably
will, increase the area. It embraces
within its limits those extensive ranges
of hills which rise on the eastern bor
der of the plain of the Sacramento and
San Joaquin, and, extending eastward-
ly from fifty to sixty miles, they attain
an elevation of about four thousand feet,
and terminate at the base nl the main
ridge of the Sierra Nevada. There
numerous streams which have thei
The employment of machi
facilitate its collection, but it is not essential.
Every man is master of his own movement*.—
The case will be very different with the vein-
mines, which yet renuin in the rock. To work
them successfully will require machinery with
horse or steam power, involving an expendi"
who has the-purchase. The srmy and navy would be saved
—S- f ro m demoralization, and prepared for service in
caseot necessity.
Many of the emigrants to California, especwllj'
r washer, a spade and piefc-
.ay, perhaps
pital in proporlio
No prudent r
to the extent of the opera-
value of treasure in the gold region,
it will be proper to state the estimates
which have been made of the quantity.
Heeled since its discovery.
Gold was first discovered on the
south fork nl the American river, at a
place called Sutler’s Mill, now Colnmn—
late in May or early in June, 1848.—
Information which could be relied 011.
announcing this discovery, was not re
ccived in this city until late in the fol
lowing autumn.
N«r immigration into the mines could,
therefore, have taken place from
the old States in that year. The
number of miners was consequently
limited to the population of the Terri
tory—some five hundred men from
Oregon—Mexicans anti other foreign
ers who happened to be in the country,'
or came into it (luring the summer and
autumn, and the Indians, who were
employed by or sold their gold to the
whites.
It is supposed there were not Jar
from five thousand men employed in
collecting gold during that season.—
suppose they obtained an average
1 will make Mich investments
_ in.! privileges shall have been
clearly defined by law. In the absence ot all legal
regulation, if a man were to discover a vein-mine,
and incur the expense of Greeting machinery to
work it, any other person, citizen or foreigner,
might construct an establishment along-side of
him, deprive him of his discovery, and destroy the
value of his property. Henee it will be perceived
that any law prescribing the privileges and dm
should be so framed as to secure the
me fertile soil in the.gold region
dleys and rich hill-sides, which, under
:es favorable to agriculture, would 1
empty into the San Joaquin, having I doubtedly be valuable for that purpose; but
been, comparatively, but little resorted I present, as long as the collection of gold shall -
A,,. ..c ,t—. u» reward lal
820,000.000 of the $40,000,000 were
taken Irotn the rivers, and that their rich
ness has not been sensibly diminished ....
except in a few local ions, which hail early ; ties of rainei
attracted large bodies of rpiners. This j rights of all.
amount has principally been taken from 1 teall J[*, 1 ^
the northern rivers, or those which; (.jreunwtan
to iiutil near the close of the last
son. These rivers are howeve;
lieved by those who have visited them.
be-
abundantly
titivating the soil, the important matter to
idered is, the proper mode of disposing of
to be richer in the precious metal than : y \\ 0 |fe!e° n old h< is found
Ih..«! in 1 lie northern pan ol'lbe g"W ro- ^eoperaUo,‘,^l7h"pre-emption 0 1.“., und'll!
gion. | sale, so that it may now be regarded as the comm
of the American people, and herealter
h inheritance to their posterity; then provide foi
those from the Western States, will remain aud
form a resident population, but there will be thou
sands of young ana. middle aged workmen, from
all parts of the Union, who will resort to the mines
for the purpose of obtaining the means to par-
chase a (arm, or establish themselves in some
favorite pursuit, an,! as soon as they have secured
■ sufficient amount will return, and their places
v»U be supplied by others who will go and do like-
This
who wi
Johnson and Gardner. It appeared iu
testimony i Ibat the deceased had been
drinking to excess for some twelve or
four'ieeix days previous to the day of
Iris marriage- '
TllOlTHERN WHIG.
JOHN H. CHRISTY, EDITOR.
e returned with
and privatic
The market in Calilornia for the product
manufactures of the other States pf the Unioi
enhance prices, which, with the gold collected
and brought home by laboring people, will diffuse
a degree of wealth and comfort hitherto unknown
among them.
The quicksilver mines of California are believed
to be numerous, extensive and very valuable —
There is one near San Jose, which belong* to, or
is claimed by, Mr. Forbes, of Tepic, in Mexico.— j
The cinnabar ore, which produces the quicksilver,;
lies near the surface, is easily procured, and be- ,
lieved to be remarkably productive.
Discoveries of other mines are reported, but no j
certain information respecting them has been made !
in- •• iiidouhtcdly, a
stance tha
such vast i
ng on California
res, has provided, almost
ighborhoou.
the i
of o
There is one river which from report-
recent discoveries, and not included a ointment fae'm
the description of those flowing into ■ andasuffieimitnumber oT
the great plain west of the Sierra Neva- to carry the law into effect,
da, is as rich in gold as nny of them,— : Let.ihe office of comrnis
That is the Trinity* which rises north "^ce-
of the head waters of the Sacramento, pr j nc jp a i rivers, and in the i
and discharges into the Pacific not far , tricts. Provide that any and
from the fortieth degree of north lati- '* en
t ude. j * an ‘
There are, as nearly as my recollec- , j tl st
lion serves me, twelve principal rivers licet
ill which gold has been found ; hut tn
of the twenty millions in the above
iimate was taken from six or seven
them, where it was first d
most accessible.
Adopting the hypothesis that the gold
found in the beds of these st
r $16,o
icli su
iceiisc or permit to dig any where in the Territi
hall discorer, or purchase of the discoverer a ve
nine, shall be entitled to work it, to a certain t
seven nl j tent under proper regulations, on paving the ci
rered and missionersuen per cent.on the proceeds of the m
suitable tax on tile privileges gra
j duty to suggest for the
I have already alluded t
ary, alsc
allow the
thousand dollars each—which [ been cut from the veins in the quartz :
is regarded by well-informed pers<
as a low estimate—the aggregate I
amount will he $5,000,000. '
Information of this discovery spread
in all directions during the following
winter ; and, on the commencement of
the dry season in 1849, people cnine
into the Territory from all quarters,
from Chili, Peru, and other States on
the Pacific coast of America—from the
west coast of Mexico—the Sandwich
Island, China, and New Holland. “
The emigration from the United
States catne in Inst if we excep; those
who crossed the Isthmus of Panama,
and went up the coast in steamers, and
a few who sailed early on the voyage
round Cape Horn.
The American emigration did not
come in by sea, in much force, until
July and August, and that overland did
not begin to arrive until the last of Au
gust and first of September. The Chi
lians and Mexicans were early in the
country. In the month of July it was
pposed there were fifteen thousand for-
sourees in the springs of the Sierra, and , signors in the mines. At a place called
receive the water from its melting j Sonoranian camp, it was believed there
snows and that which (alls in rain du- were at least ten thousand Mexicans.
ring the wet season.
; They had quite a city of tents, booths,
These streams form rivers, which land log-cabins; hotels, restaurants,
have cut their channels thro* the ranges! stores, and shops of all descriptions,
of foot-hills westwardly to the plain, j furnished whatever money could pro
und disembogue into the Sacramento; cure. Ice was brought from the Sier-
md San Joaquin. These rivers
and
creams added to
poses and steam navigation, and nil the
multifarious articles used in providing
the comforts and luxuries of life, for
half a million of people, who will have
transferred themselves to a country
which is to produce, comparatively,
nothing except minerals and the pre
cious metals, nnd whose pursuits will
enable them to purchase, at any cost,
whatever mny be necessary for their
purposes.
It is difficult to imagine or calculate
the effect which will be produced on all
the industrial pursuits of the people of
the old 8lutcs of the Union, by this
withdrawal from them of half a million
of producers, who, in their new pur
suits. will give existence ton commerce
almost equal .in value to our foreign
trade. Let no one, therefore, suppose
he is not interested in the welfare ol seen along the ravines, and in the
California. As well mny lie believe his i l *rin* overhanging the rivers, and in the i them to take possession of some of the
interests would not be influenced by j hillsides in its original beds. It crops richest in that part of the country. In
closing our pons-and cutting off inter- J°^ 1 * n valleys and on the lops of the; the early part of the season, the Amer-
coarse with all the world. I ami forms a striking feature of the j icans were mostly employed
from ten to fifteen, and probably somej tncrous other luxuries. An enclosure
of them twenty tniles apart.
The principal formation, or
turn, in these hills, is talcose slate; the j served as a sort of amphitheatre for
eu|M*rstratum, sometimes penetrating to: bull-fights; other amusements, elm
n great depth, is quartz. This, liowev- j teristic of the Mexicans, were to be
made of the trunks nnd branches of
j trees, and lined with cotton cloth,
not cover the entire face of the '
country; but extends in large bodies in!
various directions —is found in masses 1
all directions
The foreigners resorted principally
out hern mines, which gave
and small fragments on the surface, and ' them great superiority in numerical
* L ~ . — r the Americans, and enabled
itch timber ami other building ma
ts his business requires ; and, also, to allow
ho work under permit the privilege of erect-
ms for shelter through the winter. Author-
commissioner to lay out sites for towns in
ient situations to the mines, and offer the lots
, reserving the metals and minerals, so that
may accumulate around them the comfoits
ind enjoyments of civilized life. Let those who
Jesireto cultivate gardens or farm lots be accom
modated. It will be necessary, also, to authorize
ihe sale of timber and other materials, for building
and other purposes. There may be other sug-
doubt wilt t
r license to dig or collect cold
through which they have forced their
way. and considering the fact that they j c „ t
re all rich, and are said to be nearly j foi
quallv productive, we may form some j ,hl
ilea of the vast amount of treasure rc- mr
naming undisturbed in the veins which
un through the masses of rock iu va
rious directions ovfr a space o( forty or
fifty miles wide, and near five hundred
miles long.
t may he allowed to form a con
jecture respecting the richness of these
veins from the quantity of lump or
gold found in the dry diggings,
where it appears to occupy nearly the
amt* supc rfices it did originally in the
>ck—its specific gravity being suffi- o.» one hundred
irtil to resist ordinary moving causes number of 1851—it will gi
—wc shall he led to an estimate almost
heyond human calculat ion and belief.— J'3,ly ..veil the a.nom
Yet, as far as I can perceive, there is no ooo. Any variation
plausible reason why the veins which ! course, increase or dii
remain in the quartz may not be ‘ A “
liable as those which have become sep- j bridges, to lacili
orated from the decomposed rock.— th
This matter can only he satisfactorily j
decided bv actual discoveries. I j" g,l ‘®
Tht; gold region of California having ' w |,j,
ttracted a large share of public atten- ! vide, been
lion, it was to be expected that
suffgestions nnd propositions would be
made with respect to the proper tnodc b" a|fo\ved7>ut"of
of disposing of it. for tlio establishm
The difficultv in arranging n suita- ■ the youth of Caitfiwuia. : "«« *-= »*»«»«.,
. i .i . r . that this will be d«ung injustice to the older Sti
has been the waqt of accurate L ofthe VnU They will reap * harvest suffici
lue ot one day's labo
i fifty thousand min
will give
expended
h»ci‘"
iving di*
but tor which they '
ige
mine*. This tax
probable number
le of $800,000.—
:rs—the p
,600.000,
ish this
, which would
least $2,000,-
posed will, ol
liv-
which
n the country to supply a currency,
difficulty is experienced in procuring en«
pay the duties on imported goods. The
circulating medium is therefore, gold dust
is sold at $15 50 to $16 per oz. In the i
is frequently sold much lower. The min
laUuing men, are the sufferers from this
things.
Those who purchase and ship gold to
ntic States make large profits; but thi
dig lose what others make.
I have estimated that there will be $50,000,000
:ol!ccted during the current year. At $>6 pet
nince, that sum will weigh 3,125,000 ounces.'
Gold, at the United States mint, is worth $18
ter ounce; making a difference in value on that
quantity, betwenn San Francisco and New York,
of $6,350,000, which would be saved to the miners
ATHENS, SSOBjHA:
Thursday Honing, April 25, 1850,
• should b« Mtdrrwrd to it.
1 lm
tab! ish n
iuggested its importsn
Ring and increasing our trail*
Mexico aud South America,
lot doubted that the construe
and perlia pi
coinmunicn-
re to the pro-
ID* The conclusion of Mr. King’s California Re
port, which will be found in our present issue, has
encroached so tar upon our space as to render it
inpossible to give our usual variety of miscellany,
nd at the same time circumscribed our usnal edito
rial limits. The reader will lose nothing by it,
however, as the Report, coining as it does from
uthcntic and reliable source, will be tound in
tensely interesting to the general reader—disclos-
many facts concerning the interesting
important portion of the country of which
Is, which have not been heretolore in teach
of the great mass of the people. Mr. K. has, we
think, displayed singular ability in the manner and
matter of his report, for which he deserves the
tlianks of the country.
The WheatCrsp. .
We are gratified to learn, as'weda, from several
gentlemen who have traveled extensively through
the adjacent counties, and particularly those be
tween this and the mountains, that the prospect
of a good wheat crop was never more encouraging
than the present season. The backwardness of
the spring will.ot course, somewhat delay harvest;
but from the great abundance of this grain sown in
this region last fall, wc mny safely predict tl»*
when it is gathered, it will be found to exceed in
quantity the crop of any preceding year within the-
ollectioii of the “ oldest inhabitant.”
Since onr last issue some rather stirring inci
dents have occurred tn vary the usual monotony
of this body, which has for the last four months
been occupied mainly in the discussion of the
shipped to Europe fro
s on the
II gain instead of i bly an equal quantity. That from M<
1 are accomnitida- | pay for European importations into her ports
res will never pro- ; the Atlantic side.
concert of action ■ A market at San Francisco for this bullion
ilish such objects, he the means of substituting American and Chi
lv pay any mode- . f*bri
should tho
e of European r
ny in ucwuuer anu mystiiv discharge me interest on tne amount stipulated
lincl, and render a thorough in the treaty to be paid to Mexit-o lor California
, of i, necessary, 10 a J t - :
The distance round Cape Horn is to
great that bread-stuff* and many other
articles ot food deteriorate, and many
others arc to perishable in their nature
that they would decay on the passage.
This would lie the case particularly
vrith all kinds of vegetables and undried
irnits'. * Until some more speedy mode
nl communication sltall be established
by which produce can lie transferred,
the farmer* and planners of the old
States will not realize the full value of
this hew market on the Pacific..
Many other important interests will
be kept back, especially the consump
tion of coal. The American steamers
now on that ocean, those on their way
there, and others shortly to lie sent out,
will consume not (nr from 100,000 tons
of cottl _prr annum. The scarcity of
wood in California will bring coal into
1 use as furl, as soon as it con lie
entire country over which it extends.— forks of the American, and on near, j
From innumerable evidences and indi-1 CJba and Feather rivers. As their
cations, it has come to be the universal-! numbers increased, they spread them-
ly admitted opinion among the miners selves over the southern mines, and
aud intelligent men who have examined collisions were threatened between
this region, that the gold, wheiher'in them and the foreigners. The latter,
detached particles, and pieces, or in ; however, for some cause, either fear,
veins, was created in combination with or having satisfied their cupidity, or
the quartz. Gold is not found on the iboth, began to leave the mines late in
surface of the country presenting the j August, and by she end of September
appearance of having been thrown up many of them were out of the country,
and scattered in all directions by vol-! It is not probable that during the
cauic action. It is only found in parti- j first pan of the season there were more
cular localities, and attended by pecu- ( thnn five or six thousand Americans in
liar circumstances and indications. Il the mines. This would swell die whole
is found in the bars and shoals of the! number, including foreigners, to about
rivers—in ravines, and in what are [ twenty thousand the beginning of Sep-
called die dry diggings. j tember. This period embraced about
A very large pr»|»oriion of the pieces | half of the season during which gold
hie pi:
information on which a well-considered
opinion might be formed. Its distance ; teron the Aacific to justify the most
from the seat of government, dm conflict- , wf ^^$^000 000 as the ro
ing statements and reports respecting f(ir isai* under the proposed system-
it, served only to bewilder and mystify discharge th
the publit
examination
lain whether its value is such as 10 ren- ^
der legislation necessary for its proper j half a million pet
protection and management. [the indemnity to Mexico.
If it appears, from the preceding part A? '^in it*, *' wou hi? of course^ merest *e the
of this report, that it is sufficiently iui- revenue. It the vein-mines shall be found as ex-
portant to require laws suited to the tensive and productive as the best-in formed per-
pl -,_ condition and development ofits wealth, -som* suppose,, the right to work them, properly
.. the j we are necessarily brought to the con- ot*usinj/machinery to advents
Bear, j sideration of the p oper rules and regu- collection of a mnch larger pei
radebef
To th
greatly increase th
nd California,
the honor to be, with great, respect, vmi
servant, T. BUTLER KING.
Hon. J. M. Clattos, Sec. of State'.
try qu.
and create 1
principal of i
of gold found in these situation* have 1 may be successfully collected
more or less quartz adhering to them.! rivers.
. -- l™ many specimens, they are so com-i Very particular and extensive inqui-
obtaitted at reasonable prices. Sup|»osc bined they cannot be separated without i ries respecting the daily earnings and
there may lie, three years hence, forty j reducing the whole mass to powder, I acquisitions of the miners lead to tlie
thousand . houses, which shall consume j subjecting it to the action of quick- j opinion that they averaged an ounce
five tons perannum. This, with il test earn-. silver. “per day. This is believed by many
ers, would be a consumption of three j This gold, not having been exposed j to ben low estimate; but from the best
hundred thousand l«»n*. If delivered at • *° the attrition of a strong current of wa-1 information I was able to procure, ’
. 4*0 per ton, it would compete success- j ,er V retains, in a great degree, its origin-; •
fully with the coal from Vancouver’s al conformation.
Island and New Holland, and amount to r These diggings, in some places,
$6,000 ,000. Spread over valleys of considerable ex-
,Th« construct ton of a railroad across! which have die jqqwaratice of an
the Isthmus of Panama would secure 1 alluvion, formed by washings from the
die market for those articles against all .adjoining hills, of decomposed quarts
competition. ami slate earth, amf vegetable matter.
Some Wen may be formed of the de-' j In addition u» these facts, it is beynml
maud for them from the prices paid in ' doubt true, that several vein-mines have
San Francisco last autumn.' Coal was! he^n discovered in the quartz, from
sold nl $60 to $10(7'per ton ; potatoes ‘ which numerous specimens Lave been]
I3P* The French have just started n
new idea—Banks of Honor. These in
stitutions nre to loan small sums to tht'
meritorious poor, without bond, writing
or promise to pay, nnd nothing but a na
ked pledge to return the loan, which is
not to exceed 200,-francs ($37.50) 10 each
pplicnnt. L
it the industrious and honest poor
lave been unfortunate from fire, wnt
m ploy merit, sickness, or mur
imoug their cattle or for some such
ion, and to no others. When a loan is I
iff*red i applied tor, the facts are to be set forth, [ H '
fy the , and supported by the declaration oft he j ln
fho*e ^ a pplicatit and four witnesses of good re- j
e sim. : pate, who may he members Of Ins fa
ily. Two registers are to he kept, .
one of which wiJI be registered the
names of punctual borrowers,nnd In the
object, there can be little doubt other the names of delinquents.
In the first place, they bad another “ scene” in
the Senate between Messrs. Benton and Foote, the
other day—which far a time threatened to become
rather more serious than their first quarrel—Foote
having drawn his u shooting irons” on “old Bull
ion,” under the apprehension, as ho said, that the
Utter intended attacking him in like manner. It
appeared, however, that Benton, who pronounced
th»s statement a “ lying fabrication of a cowardly
assassin,” was himself unarmed. The difficulty
was here aneeted, and a “ committee appointed to
inquire into the case,'' although, we believe, it was
witnessed by the whole Senate!
In the Senate, on the 18th instant, the resolution
offered by Mr. Foote, providing for the appointment
ol a committee of thirteen, to whom all plans of
compromise should be referred, passed by a vote of
31 to 22. So, we presume, a satisfactory adjust
ment of tiie questions which now agitate and dis
tract the country may be hoped for at no distant
day — at 1 *ast so far as the Senate is concerned. It
is thought that the main difficulty now in the way
will be found in securing the support of a majority
of the House to any measure which will give sat-
Old Bullion” opposed
t* to be restricted i P la, ‘ of re( *
Intions to be adopted for that purpose. : product than it is proposed to require
The survey and sale of that section w , ,, ° ,Hb< ’ r w ' ,l ‘ ow ". hll " tlsus ®. of ,h f
e . i _, , . pie means now employed in the collection of gold
of country, undei'our present land svs- The amount, therefore, collected from this sourct
lein, or any Other mode -which may be may ultimately be as large, perhaps larger, Ilian
devised, would undoubtedly cause ve- that for permits.
ry serious discontent among those who ,,J t f r £? c !! u ® a ? :
i n . ** , that, b\ the adoption n».. me
have gone, anti all who miy desire to collected in a few years will be larger than
go there to collect gold, and.a most un- entire district would command in ready moi
necessary and unavoidable inequality j f wffered inT and. the interests and pi
in the distribution of wealth among the ^ES^SX-.J'
purchasers. , iof individual proprietors ; Calilornia and.
Sections and parts ol sections of land, whole Union preserved from scenes of anar
having no indications of gold on the * r, J if "‘^hloodshed, which must
surface, but possessing untold treasure foi*, a°i3 an*atteirpT to*protecTSem hi*the
in the bowels of the earth, might be joyment of their purchases,
sold for what would be a mere trifle, The salaries of the commissioner and his
in comparison of their real value. Ca- sig,a, 't* In *y easily be paid out of the amount
pitalisls would overbid the daring. ,n fixcd * um! ' ,n ,hr Wra ot * P" 1
ttrong armed dny-luhn-er. who had 1 have propped to cucltiile foreigners from ihe I „ _ _
braved the storms of Cape Horn, or the' privilege of purchasing permits, and from Working { SIMPLE x^DRE for CROUP. II a
privation* ol a journey across the »» discoverers or purchasers in the vein-mines.—j child is taken with crbup, instantly a p-
plains and. by lb* power of coml.ina- 3 i‘ Tji'j'dsmi'i!! i P 1 ^ , c "] <1 "' !, ! e f r ' '7 ''“Th' ^ P °J*' bl T
tion of resources, would possess them- should be preserved (bribe use and benefit of the , suddenly anti freely to the neck and
selves of ihe most valuable mines American people. I mean, of course, all citizen*, j chest, with a sponge. The breathing
which have been discovered, and etn-. n ^ _ f 10) „ u _j will almost instantly l>e relieved. S*
ploy skirful.minars to examine the
try. with as much secrecy as possible, ’ Chilim
ey Vicissitudes of Mercantile Life.
ivl-i —It is slated in Hunt’s Magazine, Irotn
se- 1 records kept during periods of twen-
tbe! ty 1° f '» r, y y<*® r *fllint of every 100
l, v i persons who commence business in
re- j Boston, 95 at least die poor: that of the
,5a * ! number in New York, not two ultimately
en * acquire wealth, after passing through
1 the intermediate process of bankruptcy;
rc-j while'in Philadelphia the proportion is
en- still smaller. -
Daring the mi,,in. lra ..on of 18491 mm «>*» 16o<H, a, possible, lei the jufft-rer drink
fifteen thousand foreigners, mostly Mexicans nnd , • • . .
i„ orLdtainr, into the minin, « tn itch as it can ; then Wipe It dry; ta>v-
miice to all opposition, and fi-1 er it up warm, and soon n quiet stum-
ntoal results. The half of the season. | eriesnswonhl enable lhSm. in a great; ! b . cr wi l 1 T , j5 v ® . ,h,; P arenl ’ s ansiely—
of opinion it npproaches very near for ll'e purpose of making such discov- j ilietrict, bidding defi«.
».,aal results. The half of the season, j */ies as would enable them, in a great; ^"LTeTdoflnreworih ofenld dn,t which be.lV T V ii", i"
tip to the 1st of September, would give [degree, to monopolize tiie most valuable I u,n.ed 6, pnrclmn to the feople of’the United JoKr *"t "J Ilciilth.
sixty-five working days; and to each porlinns of the couolry. j States. If not excluded by law. they will return 1
laborer, at SIS per ounce $1,040. If, S It is much easier to imagine than de- ; »nd recommence the wmkofplunder. They may,
the re litre, tvo assume S1.000 as ihe scribe the discontent, perhaps, lisnrder,: EJ •
b iter end” the
bat his power
•chief is not *o potent now as formerly, it
seem. Clay, Cass, and indeed the lead-
imbers of Ihe Senate generally, with the ex-
n of Benton, supported Foote’s resolution,
isrs. Holmes, VVinthrop nnd Venable, of the
have been invited by the Senate Committee,
ompany them to South Carolina, with the re
mains oi Mr. Caliioun, and they have accepted the
office. Mr. Clarke, of Rhode Island, has been ap
pointed to fill .Mr. Webster’s place on the Senate
The Siale Medici*! Society
1 at Macon on the 10th inst. After organis-
iiue delegates were chosen to represent the
Society in the National Convention which meeta at
nnati in May. An essay on Medical Science
read by Dr. Joses of Uiis place, which was
received. Several Committees were appoint-
prepare Essay* on various subject!. A Com-
e was alsoappointed to memorialize the Legis-
*, on tho subject of a ** systematic registration
of births, marriages, and deaths in the State.”
Atlanta was selected as the proper place for the
next annual meeting of the Society.
therefore, we assume SI,000 as the j me uiscnnreui, pernapstiisonier, , ^ lh(
average c»llected by each laborer, tr'ejwould- spring up among a -bun- | Noother
•ball rtr l r * — • • • 1 •- .i—_«» .»r- i—»-* —
This
—$15,000,000 nf which was probably i * R lhe *»abit or regarding as the common MuseU^sligh'teW
collected bv foreigners. During the J property, of the people nl the whole >».<! »re not designed
I... L.ir.rli.. .i: 2! e. Union. {privileges. Foreig
Iris, perhai
-- n — -j ..U...V., — . - . —, . . -• o . .having tiie powv.
II probably not go beyond the nwrk. | thousand freemen deprived ol the j would permit fu treasure to be thus carried aVay.
’his would give an agregate of $20.-! privilege of an equal enjoyment of, or 1 not allow tnem to purchase permits, or
1.000 fitr Ihe first half of the 5en,..n j pnruc.jv.linn in, whnt 4 hey have been ^
(5,000,000 of which was probably l***^ naotloi regarding as the common cause the slightest inconvenieoce to tho miners.
95 to 02 1-2 cents each; eggs from $101 I>etween too gold and the rock, and in-! foreigners was very much diminished, i j w, J elher • —•
to $12 per dozen. ^renting a hitberio uukdowo iu! aud perhaps did ni ezeecd five thou- ^ ^ V'.*****• .V*
The distance from Cbagrcs to New ! gold-mining. iaand. Atfhis time the American immi-.r
York has recently b^en run iu seven | These veins do not present the ap- gration had come in by Land, and by i“
ber of fellow cilt-i 1 ®.
igners, (herelore, would willingly
privileges.
pay these small sums (or permission to collect a
earn away millions of dollar* in value. The object
tmnp. tar thnt wo.W not only to idiot... ILTITJ? * '"‘“‘'J* '» *»
Ui - .kI- -n-u * —i_ . .’ Hie (M0,ot par own fdiow citizen* the wealth of
bat ineffectual; they wosld be more likely to set : ‘j,
example of wsaWdinStion, by.desertion, than 1
compel obedience ui others. • = The
The system of permits will make
_., This will prei
yhntuand. They were, mrwt of them, i ■•? be <ar»W wto uccrmfnl oporationl | V.™? ,nl ) ra, - v being linrbured nnd
inrvnsrisnrMl mnimn. _„,i i It »s always fortunate when laws can be so framed po>*«ted in the mines. Not being allowed to por-
tncxpcnenccd in Oitning, and it IS prpb-1 M to harmonise those interest* with the pofiev « ba,e pe-nrts. the assistant commissioners aided
Jnytv^ The some spee. 1 -.~Me.rryap~r.oce rS pheet Jtero: gold mny j «ea. and the number o, leu.— ct.j-i>«^^d.emg! ,b'«» pdki t. iw
aten tn final from Panama to San Francis- j have b-en lodged by some violent crop-1 zcnsiii the mines bad, as was estimated, ] anarchy and confusion. No system, rherefon*. i froin the mines all who --- -
-coin ten days. Allow three days to! turn. It is combined vrilh lhe quartz,]increased to between f ( *rty ami. fifty ' which i* not in accordance widi the kiternts of, 1,01 P rocure Ul — "
convey freight across the Isthmus, on a in 'all imaginable forms and degrees of
railway, aud both passengers am! richness
'freights, will be conveyed from New The rivers present very striking, arid,
York to San Francisco in tweriy days*! if would seeui, conclusive evidence re-
Tliis cdccMV of movement Would se-specting ibe quantity of gold remaining
chic for American p*mluc« the entire . undiscovered in lhe quartz veins. It i|,——>u«i me n.na 5 c eoasiJcr any auempt to drive bim-swar as
- market of California. Sailing vessels {not probable that ihe gold injh'e dry pfbalf an'ounce *per day ought to be of oppression, heat the raw time feels that
'may be successfully employed between I digging.*, and that .hr the river5—the j considered as remarkable, it would thia^ doe T^pwWss forth* pnvibjres bee
•Mir Atlantic arid’Gulf ports ami lhe former in lumps, the latter iudust-^was
terminus of tiie* railway on this side of created by- different processes. ‘ That
the Jslhmui, and propeUari.lroin Panama f which is found hi the rivers has un-
Lamentable DcatU.
Mr. Wilson, who is connected with
the Coast Survey office at Washington
ciiy, was on Wednesday evening marri
ed to Miss Little,niece of Mrs. Little,
on C, west of Four and a half street;
and retired to bed at 11 o’clock. In
ihe morning, al about seven o’clock,
his bride arose and attempted to awak
en him. burhc was dead!
The Republic says that an inquest
as held over the l>ody, and a verdict
i, that the deceased came to his;
VIre* and Kobbcrie* at Atlanta t
The last number of the Atlanta Intelligencer
contains the particulars of the fires and robberies
which occurred at that flourishing and rapidity
growing town last week. It appears that about
lhe ti ne the first fire, which originated at the store
of Mr. Wiieat, was extinguished, a large ware-
housein another quarter of the town was discover
ed in flames. This was extinguished by the -
prompt efforts of the citizens, when another ware,
house was discovered to be on fire, bnt was extin.
guished before any damage was done. While these
things were occupy ing the attention of .all, the de
pot ol the Georgia Rail Road was broken open sad
all the money in the counting-room abstracted. It
was subsequently discovered that s regularly organ
ized band of robbers, consisting of white men and
negroes, had been operating for some time tbete.
The Intelligencer cays that stolen goods were
found in possession of several persons who, have
ilealh by cnngea.ion. cawed by ibe <»? ’ t'
. „ «• **«* T ,S . l,een Agriciitto-al to de.ero.ie '
deserters said of ether, narcotics, «cv ; but tt-ap- V ?1M
pjared before the jury, upon ample tes- 1
, . * l - i t as to ttanaoiuse thoee interest* with the poller CD » W pernri*. ine asstsiant qominissioners aided
able tne resulu of ibeir labors Were not Land duty of the government.-It » believed thsit . the miner*. arooM soon detect »ad arrest them,
as great as has been estimated for the aav£e accomplished in this case. ; Sailor* fo’—' — * L
first pan nf the season ; amt ezperi- j W6i J« American citizen in the mines is j Je detect.
*i minera I »**fe that he is on government property, and would «* frwn r
.nccd^mncrs assuming luailbe nvcrdge any auempt to Jnye him away as an act \ The ci
tt some-! tec ted fro
. 5 ... . .. . enjoys,, from the abandonment oLships’ by their «
give an aggrocale nf olxun S20.000.000. ^ ny„„,bl. .q» to which nrccril, . b~.j
If from thU tv* ,1 tho “»<»• pnvtlexe*'defiaeo, end to bo protected sumers, because merchants, as a meat
It Irotn this deducl the otie-rounb m t hee^*yment of them. > protection, mist charge such losses ltwr w .
OU account Ot the early commencement' The gold in the rivers, tin dry diggings, and'go.**, and consequently they foil on those who
4ax on con.
measure af sell-
their
heretofore been considered honest, and who bad
carried on an extensive business. The negroes
concerned received 39 lashes each; the white
men have not had their lrial yet.
Eras* Agricultural f*| r .
ne upon the time and
ol holding the next exhibition, -have agreed
ia»y..h.iMbivirk. J fea>ji been
lhe fearlu. progie^^e
superinduced by-miemperance. . Dr
M»y ibe physician —bu had-presenbed c0 i,8drm.h« il. pd-
tor Ihe deceased, -as exammed by Oie .tiag-raM August -ill bo sn i»men»; cue ,nd
J Ur -7*_ a * SO were _ Drs^Wlllievspfitin ^hatoyr.eitiXfns wilfgiake great exertions foaChrd'
nnd Riley. svbo bud mud, B-posi-mor- pebble .rcucc^uiuittathecm*<I<Xris-
lem exammalton; and Drs. Dawes, itot.„lio willte licre.