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OF SOUTH AMERICA.
From the Political Examiner.
The following was the exposition of the state
of South America, as Handed to some oftlffc edit
ors in New-York, but published partfally because
difficult to be read. The editor of the Examiner,
being acquainted with the hand writing, and con
ceiving it still interesting, publishes it in extenso,
The Sachem, lately arrived in Ncw-Vork, left
Buenos Avres on the 9th of March last, and
from the passengers, one of whom was W. (1.
D. Worthington , esquire, we have been politely
furnished with the following particulars of po
litical and commercial intelligence.
Chili was, hy the last accounts, freed from the
l oyalists. Sanchez, who commanded there, af
ter being beafen at Santa Fe, on tnc Bio Bio, had
retired amonglt the Araucanian Indians.
Mr. Worthington left Chili on tile 29th Janu
ary—making the journey across the continent,
from Valparaiso to Buehos Ayres, op the ex
treme southern frontier, bounded by the Pampas
Indians, on horse-back, in 21 days riding, com
puted at 420 leagues.
The Navy. —On the 14th of January, lord
Cochrane sailed from Valparaiso with his squad
ron, consisting of the Maria Isabella, {now
O’lliggins,) the frigate taken from the Span
iards, the San Martin, the Lautaro, and the Cha
cabuco; supposed destined to blockade Arica,
Callao, Stc. and to capture or burn the shipping
in Callao, as they had on board a large store of.
rockets, Sec. and provisioned for about four
months. It was not improbable that a successful
naval expedition would give life and ascendency
to a patriotic revolution in Lima. Lord Coch
rane entertained very little doubt of the success
of the enterprise, nor did any one else, though
late may determine otherwise; if so, lord Coch
rane’s naval career may be at an end in Coin.—
Captain Wooster, of the Lautaro, the real hero
of the late naval success of the Chileans inTaica
liuana hay, had resigned. Lord Cochrane >vas
fond of him, and wished him to remain: however,
he immediately filled his place up with captain
Guise, of the royal British navy, so that the ma
rine of Chili, which had put to sea, was com
pletely English, not an American, or native
South American, in command. It was doubted
by many, w icther or not his lordship, if he fell in
with the British frigate Andromache, which was
said to be taking off about live millions ol'doliars
from Lima, p l-haps bound for Rio Janeiro,
would not search her for enemy’s property, under
the ground that.such proceeding was a violation
of her neutial character. The result of the
whole expedition was looked to with considera
ble solicitude.
The Army. —Upwards of “000 men were un
der general Balcarce in the south, in the province
of (. Conception. The remainder, a few days be-1
fore Mr. W. left Chili, had marched out of the
capital, and encamped about‘2s leagues this side,
occupying a line of about five leagues, containing
three principal points; the Valla dc Las Andes,
or Santa Rosa, Curimon, general San Martin’s
head quarters, and La Ciudad de San Filipe de
Aconcagua—ostensibly to exercise and discipline
and refresh the troops; but, most probably, to be
ready to embarb through the valley of Aconca
gua by Quillota for Lima; or, possibly, to recross
the Andes, in consequence of circumstances
likely to render them necessary on the Rio de la
Plata; that is, should the 18,000 troops, expected
from Spain, be destined thither, as it is not sup
posed that the intestine commotions vyould ren
der them necessary. Mr. W. politely favored
us with the perusal of the proclamations of gen
eral San Martin and his excellency the supreme
director, O’Higgins, to the people of Peru.—
They are well written, and will, no doubt, be
translated and published—as also the answer of
the army to lieutenant general lliayer’s attack
on general San Martin, which places the charac
ter of the hero of the Antics on fair and lofty
ground.
The Bloody Function of San Luis. —Mr. W.
arrived at the Pimta de San Luisa few hours af
ter the killing of general Ordoncs and thirty-two
other royal Spanish officers, at that place, on the
Bth of February. lie immediately waited on the
governor, Dupuy, who told him,that those Span
ish officers had been in the habit of visiting him
without ceremony since they had been sent to
the Punta; that they often took a family break
fast or dinner, or other refreshments, at his house,
whenever they chose; indeed, that they were up
on a friendly intercourse; and that one particular
ly, colonel Rrimera Rivera, when he was sent
there, had been recommended to his polite at
tentions by general San Martin, who knew, either
him or his family when the general was in Spain;
that the morning ot the raising of those prisoners,
five or six of them, of whom were general Or
doncs and this colonel, came into his room about
ten o’clock in the morning, and at first he sup
posed it was a usual friendly visit, but they very
soon undeceived him, by seizing his arms and
telling him that he was arrested, kc. About the
same moment, the cry of ‘vivc la Pallia,’ was
heard in the streets. The Spaniards seemed as
tonished at this, and the governor told them, “gen -
tlemen, you sec the town is youi’s; I am in your
power; but unless you permit me to go out and
quiet the people, they will commit violence, and
perhaps break in and massacre all of you: I will
go out and quiet them.” He went to the stre< .
door or gateway, which the Spaniards had pull
ed to on entering, and immediately saw that the
was full of people, and that the prisoners
house over the way, who hod at
at the same ir-nu :r. ti..,; he had
■ ■ i- 1 . <; i (.1 -
others who had attempted (o rise at the guard
house. The governor had his right eve much
bruised, and shewed Mr. W. the poiniards of
those who had entered kudsi ized hhn; they were
long bu< k-horn, English carving knives, filed
very sharp on each side for 3 or 4 inches up from
the point.
Marco,*thc president of Chili, who was taken
after the battle of Chaeabuco, was not in the plot,
and hot molested.
Mr. W. wished to be particular in the affair
of San Luis, because it was said, on his arrival at
Bdenos Ayres, that the rising of the prisoners
was a fiction, merely to massacre tliosc prisoners.
Mr. W. believes there was a real plot, and
that the attempt, as stated by the governor, Was
made upon hint by the Spaniards. Tne reason
: they did not immediately dispatch the governor
| was, because they wished, on succeeding at the
guard house, as they calculated, to get from
before they finally disposed of him, certain orders
to Mendoza or San Juan, or some other points,
in his own hand, to deceive the persons in power,
and get possession of their posts. But the un
expected cry in the street seemed to have con
fused and paj-alizedfbem.
Mr. W. did not confide in the governor’s state
ment only; he had it corroborated by don Manuel
Saratea, who was exiled from Buenos Ayres, and
then in San Luis, of course no friend to the ad
ministration.. Mr. Saratea is pretty well known,
both in the United States and Europe. * lie bad
no doubt of the plot being real, as represented.
Also, Mr. W had it from an English merchant
living at San Luis, and other persons on the spot,
who never even intimated that it was a fictitious
revolt to cover assassination. Yet on hearing of
this affair at IVuenos Ayres, many old Spaniards,
Mr. W. was told, had applied for passports to
leave the country, supposing it the commence
ment of a sort of reign of terror.
Mr. W. does not enter into the merits or de
merits of this affair But, as he thinks the pat-,
riots were not guilty of fabricating a plot in this
instance, so far as his opinion is of seryice to them
and their cause, they have it. , , ‘
But in the affair of SatgLouis they were gross
ly to blame, fur an unpardonable piece of negli
gence. Mr. W. understood that, in the confu
sion of the tragedy, they put about 23 prisoners,
called Montoneros, taken in the action at Frayle
Muerto, into a close room for safe keeping, as
they suspected they were also in the plot with
the Spaniards; and, when they went to take them
out, they were suffocated. Mr. W. had not this
fact from the governor; but he suspects that it is*
true. Mr. W. had the governor’s letter and pro
clamation on the subject. The governor told
Mr. W. he had the whole of the plot unravelling,
and they were then taking the declarations of
witnesses. Ilis cook wasbribed into it, and Mr.
W. saw him shot in tlic public square. The
governor said he should go on to shoot some
others, poco, poco, [ by degrees.]
The Montoneros had so overrun the Pampas,
that the public post road was entirely intercepted
from La Baranqu'cta, 42 leagues from San Luis:
here Mr. W. obliqued to the South, in what is
called the Camina de las Qaretas-—and, at the
village of La Carlota, heard that an action had
taken place between the Montoneros and Porta
ncos,* on the day of February, the result
not known—it was at Arradura. Mr. W. was
the first traveller who entered the town of Me
linq ue, which had been in possession of the Mon
toneros. They had also held Pcrgamino, Frayle
Muerto, &;c. but from all of which the Buenos
Ayreah troops had dislodged tbem. The com
munication between Chili and Buenos Avres had
been so completely cut off by them, that when
Mr. \V. arrived at Buenos Ayres,-they had been,
two months without a post from Chili. From
the best accounts, they did not exceed from
1,50 Qto 2,000. Senior Cornelio Savaedra, was
appointed Director D<elagado, and was at Luxam,
16 leagues from Buenos Ayres. Gen. yiamont
was at the head of the Buenos Avrean army
against them, gen. Juan Ramon Balcarca having
resigned in consequence of ill health. Theccos
test between the Montoneros and the Buenofe
Ayrcans, was said to be a political one.
insisted upon a change of the administration, for
various causes, of which the others deny the£x
istence. It being an internal party affair amongst
themselves, Mr. W. took no interest in it, except
regretting,it should.set them to cutting ose an
other's throats. However, he had no doubt it
aias drawing to an end, anti the new adnpuiatra
umi would unite all parties; so that thcAwbufd
becohie mure compact and powerful. #an they
have evbcvet been. Mr. W. as a*d?lien of the
United entertained no he fallen
into the a regulatypany drmrMonto
neros; for they treitidfCfe in the
same friendly w the BujpL'Ayrean
officers, 0r Vtit4i^iary,ft^|Vjic%n
coumeredupflfix road, a fib i-atftgrimv all aid |md
Tfaflibftrnnc d'rector and’ soveretWhmn grass
ofdf?triited provinces of the Rio de laP%^a. —
m\. Pueyi redon, after an absence of two moulks,
iUltonseqyence of indisposition, hadagain.ypttwf
ed Blfcycxecutive functions. In his acldjplsto the
congreS|tothe 25th Feb. last, onlj|fßpening of
its session, mtadvists them to complete the con
stitution for Sk it 4vas abso
lutely necessary pa*i.ie|i§and allay
all internal disputes, to hava*fe£peron of
more military he hfNiy claim
to, at the head i>f*rhe gofernmimt, the
expedition yf!%000 troops, nom Cadiz,
against,,-tfu m, he offered his resignation of the
exQtftitive chair. His harangue w as’patriotic
ane interesting. He concluded by saying, “in
descending from this piace of anxieties, (amar
guras,) I will exhibit to the nation, that it is very
easy to obey, and difficult to command.” The
*The Montonerosftre the people from Santa Fe, with
some others from krtegas’s party, and many others who
Ugymstilcto the government of Buenos Ayres. The
congress made a fit and dignified reply; pledg
ing all the resources of the nation tp meet all
consequences, and wished him to continue. Tii£
Spanish expedition w'as not dreaded; they ap
peared all willing to meet it.
They were engaged in the discussion of tire
‘project of the constitution, and had progressed
considerably. The proceedings, speeches, See.
are in tli'e Congressibnal,Reporter, “Redactor
Congressional.” It a similates nearer to those
of the United States, suid is a better and more
liberal one than they have hitherto bedn at work
on. It would, no doubj., shortly be aeihpictfid
and acted unden
The congress, on the 12th of December last,
by a public decree, acknowledge Chiliv‘as a free
state, sovereign and independent, with all the at
tributes and plenitude of -powers, which are in
herent tp that great and elevated character;” and
in form W'aitcd on Mr. Zanarsi,the Chili deputy
..resident at Buenos Ayres.
Change W Adminietxation. —lt was said at
Buenos Ay.t'es, and generally believed, that gen.
, San Martin was on his way to that city, with iris
army of about 3000, and thajb ou t-Kb retirement
of the present supreme director, lie would be
pressed to accept the executive chair. The
principal causes of these mopeuients, wcb6 said
to be. the Spanish threatened expedition; and, as
the general was a native of the Mission/Tcrri
tb'rieS, and not on any ill terms persona/ly with
the -ichiejs who were now hostile to the Buenos
Ayrean government, he would, most probably,
succeed in uniting all parties. Col. Rueyrredon
would retire with increased popularity, as the
country in genei al had assumed a character, and
enjoyed a stability under him, which ltad been
imparted to it under no antecedent/chief magis
trate. Even Agrelo, One of the mo A exited some
two or mqre years past, to the United States, had
become a supporter of him and lys government,
as editor of the “Abogado Nati/nal,” a weekly
paper. * . \
Portuguese War. —ln corrke/uor.ee of Mr. Ba
rossa, the Portuguese resjdeijt agent at Buenos
Ayres, being charged with receiving £hd circu
lating Hostile papers, placards, ‘ &c, against the
government; he had been arested by order of
Mr. Fiyeyrredon, and confined for two weeks in
prison; he was then ordete/ off in an hour or so,
Gen. tecor had sent up alyut it from Monte ‘Vi
deo, atiß the director is/eported to have said,
that the country wished / war with the Portu
guese, and that feeling j/td now reached the ex
ecutive, in corisequenct/of their aggressions, Sec.
on the change/f administration, a
s’atKof tilings may b/ looked for, as qaeof its
first acts.
Foreigmtaih# of /Ear.—Bowleg
it was said, goveni?
” die I' , ie4|j^^ r ‘ ~u!^ three
Hi- tiag ’ yigatc, the
Tyne and .ifcrtv'y, twu war, also
1) ing uytfit ha: our. The U/sT
s to liave arrived at Va 1 pafako about
Jdm beginning of February.
. Sfate of the Market.- —The place is full of
European auci India goods. In consequence of
heavy rains,/the crops of wheat had been injured;
it was selling as high as gls per fanega; but
large orders had gone to Chili, where it might
be had foi/S 1 25. It was also stated, that, when
all the clips came irv, it would not be so scarce.
Emigrations —Were considerable, both in
Chili aifd Buenos Ayres, in the last year, from
Europy, principally English; and every thing in
dicated the rapid progress and melioration of so
ciety,iiince their emancipation, by that illustra
tion, hn many respects, \yhich the influx of for
eigners never fails to shed upon anew country.
Qen. Carrera, by many, was thought to be
anjOngst the Montonera party—-but it was rather
problematical. He is said to have left Monte
\Adeo with two vessels, with about 70 followers,
yshort,time past, and had proceeded up the r iver,
/.estination and purpose unknown. Artigas was
/perhaps more formidable than ever, fighting with
both hands, against the Portuguese and Buenos
Ayreans—though, in the event of a war between
those two powers, it was considered that he would
coalesce against the former.
The president’s message had been received;
and, in some remarks on it in the “Abogado
National,” they seem to attribute the non-recog
mti6#of their independence by*thc United States;
to the impressions which had been made this side
of the tropics, respecting their party political
dissentions. They expected that their sotereign
ty would hatfe been acknowledged inconsequence
of the favorable reports- which they anticipated,
particularly from the commissioners to the con
gress. But they did noi appear to bear the dis
appointment in any improper manner.
The Horatio and Curiaso were still at Buenos
Ayres, and, it'was said, would not go round to
Chili, but be bought by that government.
LOUISIANA.
[The following is an extract of a letter from
the honorable I’h.yncis X. Martin, of New-Or
leans, bearing date 22d of July last addressed to
a gentleman in Georgia It will be found to
contain a most concise and minute topography of
the the state of Louisiana, and must be highly in
teresting to the enterprising of ail descriptions.]
—National Intelligencer.
Sir —You are not deceived in the idea you
have formed of the prosperity of this state. I
believe, in no part of the United States is agri
culture more profitable.
Some of our sugar planters derive a revenue
of SHOOO, in some years, from the annual labor
of each of their working hands; from 500 to 750
is the ordinary calculation; and, at the present
price of cotton, (533,) it is imagined that, if the
disease which injure the plant at present subsides,
the culture of that article is equally profitable.
There is no difficulty in obtaining land in this
state, but slaves are extremely scarc e and dear in
the market. An uromai v field hand, born in the
jrountj y or hekkoned thereto, is woirii from 1000
to £>2ouo fii cash; —gentccL;ousc servants com-
I’mand 3000.
I From the llalize to Baton Rouge, on one si ic
of the Mississippi, and the Red River on the
other, land selis by the front acre:—the usual
depth of escli tracMK 40 and sometimes 80 acres
: —but the first 20" res immediately on the iiv?*r
are ajory; cultivatable, upon an average; beyond
j this is an impenetrable cypress swamp, cons.ant-
I ly under water* the cultivatable land being a nar
T row. riband on each sMo of the river. Within the
1 first ten miles above'and below the city ofOn ans,
yn either shore, the front acre sells from b’ooo to
dollars; and, as you recede from the city,
the latuhbecomes proporiionably cheaper.
Tnc*plantations there, are burthened with the
keeping of the levee or dyke tnat secures them
j front the inundation, and the road with its ditches
1 and bridges—a labor which, some planters sav,
employs the sixth part of the labour of the hands.
On the shores qf the Mississippi, within the
| limits I speak of, sugar is the principal staple
I commodity; there are however, in the uppej*
pa1 B tS!ii l j w fijseve:al cotton faring. Bc\teud*the
! nan-on .)TiT^"k,.a r utivata!)le land ■■rtf extends
along the is a
dismal swu.np.
which extends ttrfflc distance miles,
whwr’mother cypress swamp boi i mi j_-
era side of the lands in the next coun\,y\ttaka
pas. Here, on the seashore, and alongrhe banks
of the Teche, Jhe main river, are are some sugar
plantations lately established by Americans,
wliich thrive very much. Cotton is also made
here, but at a small distance from the sea begins
what is called the prarie land—vast natural mea
dows, destitute of trees, except, along the water
courses. The plaKfatipns here are few, on ac
count of the scarcity of timber, and the people
themselves in raising cattle. A mjy
berrfofcrmers count their cattle by thewrfrT
sand. are left to
durii.g t!ic .marking ami
coimiingtbc anmTOM^fik! if„ i,,
takes.- Land ~
the Uh- .
■Hfbwe the Attacapas is the county of
sas, the lands of which are much the same, ex
cept that the quantity fit for sugar is extremely
inconsiderable. Still higher is the county of
Rapids, chiefly inhabited by Americans. There
are here some extremely rich tracts of lands—
cotton only is planted. Good land sells from 1 5
U) 20 dollars the acre. To the north are the
Bounties of Washeta * and Concordia. The
tlvcse is chiefly American. riFfffse
supposed to
lands in the United States. In Washeta” ahil
Concordia, large tracts are fit for the cultivation
of wheat, tobacco, and Indian corn. The United
States have a great deal of land to sell here, and
there are individuals who own immense tracts.
This is the part of the state in which the cheapest
lands are. To the w est is the county of Nachi
toches, bordering on the Spanish province of
Texas. In it cotton and tobacco are cultivated
to great advantage. It is intersected by numer
ous water courses, along which are very rich
tracts of land. Cattle are also raised here in a
bundance. Point Couple, and Aveyville, two
counties on each side of Red River, are entirely
occupied by French families, who raise cotton.
Os late sugar plantations have been set up at Point
Couple: it is the most northwestern in the state,
and thrives well. Land sells at Point Couple, at
1000 to 52,000 the frontarpent or acre, with the
usual depth of 40; but the cultivable land is here
also a very narrow strip.
On the eastern bank of the Mississippi, im
mediately below the boundary ofti.e new state of
the Mississippi, in the county of Feliciana, taken
from the Spaniards in the year 1810. The up
per part, extending as far as the bayou Manchac
or Iberville, is what is called rolling land, very
fit for the cultivation of cotton, but the soiiisTiot
deep, and washes, or wears away in a few years.
The population is almost exclusively American.
Land sells from 10 to 20 dollars. At. a distance
from the Mississippi, begins a body of piny land
which is not at all sought after. The country
arbund die lakes Maurepas and Ponchartrain,
before the Americans took possession of it, w as
thinly inhabited. The people immediately o:i
the sea shore drew from it large quantities of
shells, which they burnt into lime—having but
few slaves, they did little, except raising cattle
and burning tar. The land is sandy and piny,
except along the water courses. Here the Am
ericans have established cottonand grazing farms.
The land, (a great proportion of which is public
land,) is obtained on easy terms, and at various
prices, from two to twenty dollars per acre.
There are immense tracts of it in the possession
of individuals, who obtained them from the Span
ish government, when it was about expiring;
they would gladly sell at 25 cents per acre, but
their title is a doubtful one. Throughout the
whole state, land is obtained with great facility.
As to the mode of payment, long credit is given.
This is owing in pail to the productiveness, and
the certainty there is that a man w ho has a force
to cultivate, will pay out of the crops —but chiefly
to the facility with which payment is enforced
by law. The premises are necessarily mortgag
ed for the payment of the price, and the produc
tion of the contract of sale, and an affidavit that
the payment is due, entitles the vendor to instant
execution.
The government is as yet in equilibrio between