Newspaper Page Text
Vol VL
Irien 45a$ette
1 AND PUBLISHED
BY
Ft GRANDISON.
ON THE BAY)
num, payable in advance.
I PORTSMOUTH JOURNAL.
\ME MARKET.
t want of civilized society is
ie sale and exchange of the
produce of the labor of its
is market may exist at home
oth, but it must exist some
y prospers;—and wherever it
auld be competent to the ab
entire surplus of the produc
t desirable that there should
and a foreign market. But
their relative superiority, I
i a doubt. The home mar
rder, and paramount in im
: object of the bill under con
create this home market.” — ,
•ech on the Tariff.
harm in names, with the use !
n is better acquainted than |
? single expression “home j
th a 4 volume of argument: it \
:onvictipn by the mere force j
rpay be worth while, howe-;
vhether the establishment of
scessarily creates a home
ether a home market be he
than a foreign one. The ac
lay’s principles may be test- j
iliar examples,
ricultural town—the town of!
nstance —there are 100 far
each 100 bushels of corn a
lily of each of these farmers
dly 75 bushels, and leaves
ilus of 25 bushels for sale,
appose to be usually brought
>r Dover and exchanged for
-ware and crockery. Brook
iomestic and a foreign mar
whiclj absorbs (to use Mr. j
n) 7500bttshels of corn, and
itisheis. But let us suppose
i of Brookfield, apprehend
j of their corn which they
, even when converted into
p, is too low, and still feeling
and shoes, and axes, and tea
give up as far as possible
the sea ports, and create a
For this purpose ten farmers
rms anti become hatters and
tksmiths and posters. And
t? Why, that just the same
is consumed in the town as
are still only 100 families,
limily is able to consume only 75
porn. But as the number of far
linished, this further effect is pro
tt only 5000 bushels of corn are
’, where ten thousand were raised
p the farmers instead of selling
pi els, or their equivalent, out of
[SO bushels in town, and only 1750
sos town. How this would help
s is not very apparent,
bpcse 25 farmers, instead of 10, to
fcnufaciurers, then the production
ing reduced to 7,500 bushels, and
fcption still continuing 7500 bush
b fnarket will be created ft>” the
[cultural produce Or in Mr. Clay’s
the some market “will absorb the
jdus produce,” because the sur
jce will be reduced to the supply
le market—a mode of encourag-
Jtural industry that is a little above
[prehension.
Jllage or town where a large ma
is established, there is usually at
|d increase of population, and of
Icreation of anew market in the
Neighborhood of the manufactory,
[commonly at the expense of other
! hus, at Dover, there are now five
|r a thousand consumers of agricul
i more than there were three years
then, five hundred or a thousand
shave been withdrawn from the
ntr towns.
I the home market of Dover be in
its manufactories, the home mar
r towns is diminished in the same,
tie same proportion,
ot mean to say that the establish
mufactories is not beneficial On
ry, we believe manufacturing in
e as beneficial, and entitled to as
sction as agricultural or commer
ry. But the question now is, whe
jenefit be conferred by. the crea
ime market.
as the relative superiority of a
foreign market, it is not the Jis
the commodity is carried, but the
ived in exchange for it, that deter
goodness of the market,
i carried on by an exchange of e
;s; and profit is made by adding
• by industry or skill to the value
sle possessed. It makes no differ
ther this value be added by alter
rm or changing its place. A tree
it the forest is of little value while
hgre; but the farmer who cuts it
3 hauls it to his door for fuel, has
new value by changing its place,
it in boards, it gives it another va
nning its form; and if he haul these !
market, he increases the value by
he place. If the transportation be
to the West Indies, the value is
er increased by change of place,—
ler it be expedient for him to con
tree in his own family, to sell it to
aor, to carry it to a sea port, or to
> the West Indies, will depend up
ireased value he is able to give it by
DARIEN USSf GAZETTE.
those several exertions of industry; and not
by the particular place in which his industry
terminates.
The same remarks apply to the purchaser.
When he buys, he gives something in ex
change. A man in Portsmouth is in want of
a cord of wood, and is possessed of four oun
ces of stamped silver. If wood be four dol
lars a cord, the values of the wood and the
silver in the place are equal. But if by car
rying the silver to Castine, he can procure
two cords of wood for it, he Tias enhanced its ■
value by change of place. He has now two
cords of wood for his silver instead of one—
and when he brings it to Portsmouth, he has
eight dollars worth of wopd instead of four.
If the expense of transportation has been
only three dollars} he nas gained one dollar
by his enterprize: and the town is one dollar
the richer. But if instead of going to Cas
tine himself, he had purchased of the wood
wharfinger, this latter wood have made the
profitj and the town would be still one dollar
the richer, and no more.
The town therefore has gained no advan
tage by selling his silver at the home market,
which it would not equally have had by his
selling it at the foreign market.
The whole subject rests upon -different
principles. That employment is the most
profitable to the individual, (and of course
to the nation,) which enables him to add the
most value to the natural products within
his reach. If the Emperor of Russia were to
offer a ton hemp for every cartload of stones
that should be sent to him, there can be no
question but that the farmers of the United
States would be better employed in picking
up stones, than in sowing hempseed. The
final resultvaf industry, tliat is, the sum of all
the values to the natural product by
a given quantity of labor and skill, is the test
of prosperity; and not the kind of employment
or the nearness or distance of the market.
OCCURRENCES IN PERU.
The following-memorandum of occurren
ces in Peru, says she American, has been
communicated by a mercantile house in this
city. We believe the information came by
the way of Panama and chagress. Accor
ding to this account, the Royal Spanish ar
my is stated to have gained possession of
the edy of Lima on the 23d February; an
event which the letters from t Lima of the
25th of the same month (via Jamaica) shew
had not taken place at the latter date; al
though, on the authority of the British Con
sul of Columbia, it is stated to have occur
red subsequently.
“On the 19th February, at 11, A. M. the
Spanish colours were hoisted at the forts of
Callao, which were garrisoned by a battalion
from Buenos Ayres, and auxiliary Patriots ,
from Peru, their'officers and the Governor
General, Alvarado, having been secured by
them in subterraneous prisons.
At 5 o’clock in the afternoon they sent a
boat express to pisco, the head quarters of
our general in chief, Don Jose Canterac.
His second in command Valdes was with his
vanguard in Canite.
As soon as they received this information
the army marched on Lima, on the 23d of
the same month General Rodil with his divi
sion, consisting of3ooo men, took possession
of that city and of the forts cf Callao.
When General Bollivar heard ofthisevent,
he was at Pativilca, and retreated to Truxill
o, where he remained nine days, and joined
gen. Sucre, who was in the neighborhood of
Pasco Bollivar immediately began his
march on Cajamarca with all his forces, a
mounting to 3500 men, where he was on
the day of my departure from Guayaquil,
18th March.
Our troops manoeuvred against him T 5
counteract his movements. It is supposed
that his plan is to get possession of the Pass
from Quito to Zafar, but the vigilant Agua
longo, with 2000 Pastusos, is at the town of
Ybarra, three days match from Quito. Two
battalions of 250 men each, the one coming
from Panama, and the other, consisting of
students and others from Quito* forced into
the service, were sent to attack him, but
went over to liim, (Agualongo;) the former
he joined to his troops, but the latter were
cut to pieces.
In consequence of the miserable state in
which those provinces are now, and the op
pression of their inhabitants, the greater part
of them hail the approach of our troops, be
ing by this time convinced of the error into
which they had fallen.
At the time of General Rodil’s entrance,
he fonnd our colors flying, which were pre
sented to him by the Peruvian Congress and
their Piesident, the Marquis Torre-Tagle.”
STILL LATER.—Since the above was in
type, the schooner Scott, captain smith, ar
rived at this port, in 20 days from Chagres.
The accounts from Panama are to the 20th of
May, and confirm those previously received
of the capture of Callao and Lima. In con
sequence of the success of the Royalists,
there was a general panic throughout Pana
ma, the people of which were fearful of an
attack from them. It was reported at Pana
ma that after the Royalists had gained com
plete possession of the forts of Callao, they
shot every third man of the black troops,
through whose instrumentality the forts had
fallen into their hands. This measure was
enforced toquellthe spirit of insubordination
which still existed among them on account
of not having received any pay fora consid
able time past. It was also reported that
some of the Patriot officers had gone over
to the Royalist. Bollivar was much impe
ded in his operations in consequence of
wanting money.
Letters from Lima, via Chagres, mention
that the brig Ontario, fivm Philadelphia, arri
rived there 20th January, and pold her flour
at §2O per barrel. The schr. Adonis of
Baltimore, was there about the same date.
I .
1 LATEST FROM FRANC E.—By the ship
■ j Howard, at New York, in 28 days from Hav-
I re, Paris papers are received to the IlthMav
DARIEN, (georgia,) Cqual atlti 4Bjract TUESDAY, JULY 6, 1824.
inclusive, by the editor of the Evening Post,
by which it appears that Spain was in so con
vulsed a state as to cause the return of a
French corps which had reached the fron
tiers from theanterior, and that upwards of
20,000 troops would re-enter Spain in the
course oflast month. It would seem that
these movements were occasioned by the
royal volunteer corps, who set the civil au
thorities at defiance, and committed depre
tions in every quarter of the peninsula,*
The King of Portugal is represents as
having declared war against the Brazils, with
the view of rescuing the emperor Don Pe
dro from the control of democracy. Aii ex
pedition Cor that purpose was said to be fit
fitting out at Lisbon.
The Januaries at Constantinople were re
ported to be in a state of fermentation, and
that the troops intended for Greece had been
ordered to suspend their march, and hold
themselves in readinesF to aid in restoring
tranquility in the capital of Turkey'. It was
repeated in Vienna papers that the Russian
government had proposed to recognize the
Independence of Greece, and that Austria,
France.and England would probably agree
on some terms to make the Grecian provin
ces an independent state.
The law for reducing the five per cent
Stocks to 4 per cent has passed the cham
ber, 238 to 145. French Stocks, May 11,
104f. 15.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
. The ship Lucilla has arrived at Boston in
25 days from Liverpool, bringing London
dates of the 11th and Liverpool of the 13th
of may, but they add very little to our previ
ous information from Europe.
ALGIERS.—A bomb ship had sailed from
Portsmouth for Algiers, and three others
were expected tofolloiy, to attack that place,
in case the Dey refused to listen to some new
proposals about to be made to him by the
British government.
TURKEY AND GREECE A letter from
Constantinople, dated in April, states that
the Pacha of Egypt had given up the idea
of proceeding for the Morea, but that his son
was to go thither with a large force. Other
accounts from Alexandria, by the way of Mar
seilles, and dated sth April, mention the
blowing up of the whole of the magazines of
gunpowder, and every description of military
stores at Grand Cairo, which had been col
lecting there for several months for the pur
pose cf being employed against foe Greeks,
and that three thousand Egyptian soldiers
perished by tiie explosion. The value of the
property destroyed was estimated at 10 mil
lions of dollars. This, it was expected would !
not only cause an abandonment ofthe Egvp- j
•tian expedition, but retard the nailing of
part of the Turkish fleet ,at Constantinople,
which depended for warlike stores on sup
plies from (lie Pacha of Egypt.
The latest account from Corfu mention
the complete recovery of Lord By [on, and
that the fall of Negropdint was daily expect
ed. The Greek Senate had ratified the
terms of the loan and given the deputies ad
ditional powers. The Greek Chronicle had
been productive of much good; and a paper
in Italian, to be called the Greek Telegraph,
was about to be published. A Turkish brig
had been burned in the harbor of Patras. —
From the sentiments expressed by the Rus
sian cabinet unfavourable to the acknowl
edgement of the South American States, it
was inferred that the Greeks would fimLdb
stacles raised to the independence of tlmir
country in that quarter
SPAIN.—A telegraphic despatch was re
ceived at Eris on the Bth ult. supposed, by
persons in the confidence of the government
to announce some concessions which were
deeaied important on the part of Ferd
inand, to some demands of France. Let
ters received in London from Paris, said to
be of undoubted authority, state that an ex
pedition fitting out at Cadiz was to sail for
the Havana, where it was to be reinforced,
and then to proceed to attack Mexico, A
new levy in Spain of 56 000, men was talked
of to assist in this project; but as the govern
mqht was in want of. money, the Philippine
Company were to be applied to for a loan,
as they had plenty in their coffers.
GREAT BRITAIN. A bill introduced,
into the House of Lords, to render legal the
marriage of Unitarians agreeably to a church
ritual of their own, was rejected by a large
majority. In the House of Commons, the
Chancellor of the Exchequor brought for
wards the Budget during which he stated
that two great measures hacl characterised
the financial plan of the present year, viz.—
the remission or rather abolition of the du
ties on foreign silk, and the reduction of
175, 000,000, from four percent, to three and
a half. By the abolition of the duties on silk,
the revenue lost 15 00 000, but the effect of
the change was to put the trade in unusual
activity. Os the 175, 000,000, four per cents
the holders of 16 8,000,000, had assented to
take 1100 stock at three and a half per cent,
in exchange for 1100, four per cent. There
remained therefore 17,000,000, or between
six and seven millions to be paid off. This
sum he proposed to be paid by the issue of
Exchequer Bills, but at the same time he
would provide means of redeeming these
bills. He meant to charge both interest and
principal an the Sinking Fund, and for a
time the operation of the Sinking Fund mus*
be suspended. He proposed to cancel the
seven millions paid ofF by Exchequer Bills,
but to transfer that amount to the Commis
sioners of the Sinking Fund at 3 per cent.
A third measure, or rather a collateral ar
rangement, was the reduction of the interest
on Exchequer Bills from two-pence to three
half pence per diem.
Mr. Price, the joint manager of the Park
Theatre, is said to have offered Mr. Braham,
110,000, sterling secured on the Bank of Eng
land. to engage for one year to sing in the
United Stales Mr. Dowton had accepted
an engagement.
LtYsarooL, May 13th.—The Mars, captain
Mitchell, which arrived here on Friday last
from Charleston the 25th, in lat. 42, 46,10n.
38,50, at 4P. M. discovered a thick volume
of smoke at a considerable distance on the
weather beam, and shortly afterwards saw
flames from the mast head; made all sail to J
windward, with two men at the mast heads,
keeping watch for boats, or other wreck.—
At 5 P M. discovered the hull of a vessel to
be onfire.with nothing standing but the bow
sprit. At 7P. M. a ship with “Electra” in
her foretopsail, crossed to windward of us.—
At 30 minutes past 10, about 20 fathoms dist
ant from the wreck, she was at the time
burned as low as the bends on the lee side,
and a considerable quantity of wreck was
towing to windward. A mast with the top
whole, yellow painted and small sparred,
lay to windward, but not the least appear
ance of any living creatures about the wreck, j
She appeared to have been a vessel of about
200 tons, very sharp, with a fiddle or billet
head, the cut water standing rather straight
out from the stern. At the time when we
saw her, she was a solid mass of fire in
side, without much flame. At 11 P. M.
made all sail from her.
THE CONSTITUTION.
There were some charitable politicians,
who inferred from the terms of Me. Adams’
letter to General Smyth, in the Winter of
1822-3, that he was a decided friend to the
principles on which the “Virginia School”
has interpreted the Federal Constitution.—
VVe confess we did not admire the letter, be :
cause it appeared to us to be too much cal
culated for the meridian of Virginia—and be
cause we could not believe its author to be
the friend of a limited constfttttion of the
Constitution.
We did not expect, however, an immedi
ate opportunity of confirming or correctng
these impressions. Mr. Adams has kept him
self pretty much aloof from the election. —
He lias certainly, not very recently mingled
in thefray; and the dignity of his deportment
i had commanded the respect even of his op
ponents. In some way or other, however, a
small paper has recently been published in
Ohio ( her opinions on the constitutionality of
Roads and Canals are different from those of
Virginia) and this little scrap of paper casts
a flood oflight on \lr. A’s views of the fede
ral constitution
It is introduced in the following terms, in
the last Baltimore Patriot:
Internal improvement and John Quincy
Adams. —We solicit the attention of the pub
lic to the following article, giving the opin
ion of lohn Quincy Adams on the all-im
portant subject of internal improvement.—
There is no equivocation in this; no evasions
or menial reservations. The argument is
forcible, clear and conclusive; and in the
short space of a short paragraph, contains
more solid reasoning and sound sense in fa
vor of internal improvement, than we ever
before met with between the lids even of an
octavo volume.
From the Ohio National Crisis.
THS OPINION Os JOHN O.UINCY ADAMS ON THE
SUBJECT OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
“The question of the power of congress
to authorize the making of internal improve
ments, is, in other words, a question whether
t,he people of this Union, in forming their
common social compact, as avowedly for the
purpose of promoting their general welfare,
lave performed their work in a manner so
ineffably stupid, as to deny themselves the
rtieans of bettering their own condition.—
I have too much respect for the intellect of
my country to believe it. The first object
of human association is the improvement of
the condition of the associated. Roads and
Canals are among the most essential means sf
improving the condition of nations; and a
people, which should deliberately, by the
organizatiou of its authorized power, deprive
itself of the faculty of multiplying its own
blessings, would be as wise as a creator who
should undertake to constitute a human be
ing without a heart.”
These doctrines may be calculated for the
meridian of Ohio—but surely not of Virgi
nia,
We shall not examine the opinion of Mr.
Adams as to Roads and Canals only—but we
would throw out a few suggestions as to the
main principle itself. Can Mr. Adams be a
friend to a limited construction, when he
goes thus for the whole*. Can one, who takes
such broad ground, be considered as of the
old Republican School of’9B and ’99? What
ever promotes “their general welfare ” —
whatever betters or is supposed to be the
“means of bettering their condition”—what
ever “improves the condition” of the nation;
\is, according to him, within the purview of
the. powers of the general government.—
Where then is the limitation? when can we
say “thus far and no farther?” What cannot
the federal government do? What power is
denied to them, which they may suppose cal
culated to better the condition of the nation?
It is not enough to say, as the old Republi
cans said, is this particular power given—or
if not given, is it the means necssary and pro
per, for carrying any particular given power
into execution?—but we are now to arrive at
the true reading of the constitution by a
much shorter process. We are only to ask,
does a particular power better the condition
of the nation? If so, it follows of course—
and the man is “ineffably stupid,” who will
not immediately admit it. If Mr. A; is to be
believed, we need no longer trouble our
selves with any enquiry as to the terms on
which these separate states have associated
together- for the very object of the associa
tion cancels all limitations, and endows the
government with undefined and undefinable
powers. If the U. S. can do any thing to bet
ter their condition, whether the states have
conceded the power or not, there was no ne
cessity for a “particular enumeration of pow
ers” in the constitution. They may estab
lish roads and canals ad libitum —Universities,
colleges and schools—in fact, where is the
limitation?
When the Virginia Legislature adopted
Madison’s Report in 1800, they were “ineffa
bly stupid ” This “ineffably stupid” Report
demonstrated, that the phrase “general wel
fare” was to be found in the “articles of con
federation”; and that the phrase in this very
limited instrument was surely not understood
“to be either & general grant of power, or to
authorise the requisition or application of
money by the old congress to the common
defence and general welfare, except in the ca
ses afterwards enumerated which explained and
limited their meaning.”
How ineffably stupid was the Federalist,
(Ist vol.) when it asked, “What would have
been thought of that assembly (the Federal
Convention) if attaching themselves to these
general expressions, and disregarding the
specification which ascertain and limit their
import, they had exercised an unlimited
power of providing for the common defence
and general welfare”?
How “ineffably stupid” was James Madi
son, when on the 3d March, 1817, he “was
constrained by the insuperable difficulty (he
felt) in reconciling (the Internal improve
ment) bill to the constitution of the U. S.”
though to negative that bill, he admits its ca
pacity to “better the condition” of the peo
ple?
If these doctrines be so “ineffably stupid,”
we are content to abide by them. But at
least let us hear no more of Mr. John Quin
cy Adams being of the Virginia School of
Politicians. Can the constitution be safe in
his hands? It would be a nose of wax— —
moved this way or that, as Expediency might
point out. — Richmond Enquirer.
With the stand that it has taken, the “En
quirer” will find it very difficult to select a
suitable candidate for toe presidency, unless
a present citizen of Virginia, and a master in
her “school.” On the 27th April last, Mr.
Ritchie'proclaimed the fact that George Clin
ton, by his casting vote against the renewal
of the charter of the old bank, “ saved the con
stitution of his country ” —but Mr. Crawford
voted on the other side, and so desired to de
stroy, if the other so acted to save it. Mr.
Clay and General Jackson are well known
friends of internal improvements—the first
is at the head ofthe opponents of the “Vir
ginia school” in this respect; and now Mr.
Adams appears to be on the same side! The
only chance left is to propose an entire new
candidate—for Mr. Calhoun, who was so
well thought of by many for the presidency,
and will, probably, be our vice president,
has the like “erroneous views of things.”—
Niles’ Register.
Spanish Claims. —By the dilligence and
promptitude of all the officers of govern
ment concerned in forwardingthe necessary
arrangements, toe Treasury was enabled to
commence its payments, on the very day af
ter the Report of the Commissioners was
made to the Department of State; and al
ready nearly two of the five millions have
been carried off bv toe eager expectants, io
checks upon the Bank of the United States
and its Branches. This promptitude of ope
ration is no less honorable to the government
than agreeable to the claimants, many of
whom have been waiting here in anxious
impatience for some time, and who may now
return to their families with pockets as hea
vy as their hearts are light. “ VVe understand
that the vouchers and documents belongings
to the files of the late Commission, have
been deposited, in conformity with the stip
ulations of the Treaty, in the Department
of State, where by order of the President,
the Secretary of the late Board will contin
ue to have them miner his especial charge,
for the purpose of satisfying the claimants,
in the many inquiries which must naturally
arise from the decisions of the Commis
sioners, on the various subjects which have
been before them. [.Vat. Journal.
TARIFF MEETING*
N Milledgeville, June 12th 1824,
Pursuant to previous notice a number of ihe
citizens of Miledgeville and vicinity, met at
the court house at 3 o’clock P. M. for the
purpose of taking into consideration what
measures, if any, are necessary to count
eract the injurious effects which will re
sult from the operation ofthe Tariff Bill
recently passed by the Congress of the
United States, Joel Crawford, Esq. was
called to the Chair, and Henry W. Malone
appointed Secretary.
On motion, it was
Resolved, That a committee of correspon
dence be appointed to communicate with in
dividuals in other parts of this state, and oth
er states similarly situated and invite them
to unite with us in a determined constitu
tional opposition to the policy of the Tarriff
Bill, and that they report to a future meeting
of the citizens of this county, such resolu
tions as they deem most effectual to obviate
toe injurious effects of said bill.
Resolved, That the Chairman of this meet
ing, do call- a meeting of the citizens, to re
ceive the report ofthe corresponding com
mittee, on Saturday the 3d July next, at 9
o’clock, A. M.
Resolved, That the proceedings of. this
meeting be signed by the Chairman and Se
cretary, and published in the Georgia Jour
nal, with a request that they be published in
all the papers of this state opDosed to the
Tariff Bill.
The committee of correspondence appoin
ted in conformity with the first resolution,
consist ofthe Chairman of this, meeting,
Mr. Camak, Mr. Malone Mr. Holt, and Mr,
Rockwell.’
By order of the meeting,
J. CRAWFORD, Chair'm,
Henry W. Mvlone, Sec’ry.
An important part of the early history of
Massachusetts to wit, the continuation of
Gov. Winthrop’s Journal, from 1638 to 1649
has been recently discovered in Boston, and
is to be published by order ofthe legislature,
JYo. 25.